Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

Theo qui nh ca B Gio Dc Vit Nam th t k thi tuyn sinh i hc vo thng 7 nm 2007, cc mn thi ngoi ng, vt l, ha hc v sinh vt s thi trc nghim. Hnh thc thi l chn la phng n tr li ng, chnh xc nht, trong bn phng n (a, b, c, d) a ra sn. Thi lng thi mi mn trc nghim ny l 90 pht v c khong 50 cu hi cho mi mn. Nh vy trung bnh c khong 1,8 pht va c va lm bi cho mt cu hi. Chc rng trong s c cc cu tng i d, ai c hc bi y , va c xong l quyt nh c ngay cu tr li, cc cu loi ny thng ch cn 15 giy (0,25 pht) lm bi. Cn li mt s cu, cn suy ngh lu hn hay cc bi ton cn phi c thi gian suy ngh v tnh ton mi c s liu tr li. Nhng vi thi gian eo hp, nn gp bi ton trc nghim, cc bn cn lm quen vi cc phng php gii ngn, c kt qu nhanh. Ti cho rng thi lng ti a gii bi ton trc nghim mn ha hc kiu ny, cc bn nn hn ch lm sao ti a trong 2 pht phi cho kt qu chnh xc. V chc rng cc thy c cho cng d kin trc ni dung cho thch hp. Do cng bi ton y m gii theo kiu thi t lun th cn vit phn ng cho ng, cn bng cho ng, thm ch phi ghi y iu kin phn ng xy ra, thuyt minh, lp phng trnh ton hc, gii phng trnh ton, cho p s ng th mi c trn im, c th phi mt t 10 n 15 pht hay hn na. Ti cnh bo nh th cc bn qu k lng, vit nn nt cho p, hi chm chp th nn ch . Nhiu khi s qu cn thn ny, bnh thng l mt tnh tt, nhng ng vi trng hp thi kiu ny c th l mt nhc im, v cc bn s khng thi gian lm bi vi s qu cn thn ca mnh. V ti ngh trong thi tuyn, chnh nhng cu hi cn suy ngh, tnh ton nhanh, chnh l cc yu t cc bn c th vt ln dnh mt ch ngi trong mi trng i hc cha iu kin m rng, nh tnh hnh nc ta hin nay. Ti c tham kho nhiu ngun v c u t son mt s cu hi trc nghim mn ha hc cc bn lm quen v t kt qu tt trong k thi sp ti. Cc bn nh vn dng cc nguyn tc sau y lm nhanh bi ton ha hc: nh lut bo ton khi lng (khi lng sn phm to ra bng khi lng tc cht phn ng, vi trng hp phn ng xy ra khng hon ton hay cha xong th cng c th vn dng nguyn tc ny v trong cc cht thu c sau phn ng c cha c cc tc cht cha phn ng nn khi lng cc cht thu c sau phn ng cng bng khi lng cc cht trc phn ng); Tng s mol in t cho ca cc cht kh bng tng s mol in t nhn ca cc cht oxi ha; Tng s mol ion H+ ca cc axit trung ha va tng s mol ion OH - ca cc baz; Tng s s mol nguyn t N trong cc mui nitrat, NO2, NO, N2O, NH4+ bng s mol nguyn t N c trong dung dch HNO3 phn ng trc trong tc cht; Kim loi M, ha tr n, th d tc dng vi axit, vi baz hay vi nc th 1 mol M sau phn ng s to n mol H hay H2; Thng xc nh mt kim loi bng cch bin lun khi lng nguyn t kim loi M theo ha tr n ca n; Gp bi ton c s pha long hay pha trn cc cht m khng c phn ng ha hc xy ra, th t phng trnh ton hc vi nguyn tc khi lng hay s mol ca cht tan c c trong dung dch thu c sau khi pha trn hay pha long bng vi khi lng hay s mol ca cht tan ny c trong cc dung dch em pha trn hay pha long trc (Tuy c qui tc ng cho gii nhanh bi ton kiu ny, tuy nhin nu ta khng hiu c nguyn tc, m phi thuc lng mt cch my mc th khng nn, hn na p dng qui tc ng cho cng khng nhanh hn bao nhiu).... V cc bn ch l d thi vi bt c hnh thc no th cc kin thc c bn ca mn hc trong chng trnh l quan trng nht mi gip cc bn lm bi c. C s gio khoa cc bn n phn gio khoa mn ha hc l cc cun sch gio khoa ha hc lp 10, lp 11, lp 12 v phn gio khoa ha hc ph thng m ti son v hin c trn mng Vietsciences. Chc cc bn t kt qu tt trong k thi sp ti. Chn cu tr li ng nht trong cc cu hi trc nghim mn ha hc di y:

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

Cui thi ngi ta s cho mt lot khi lng cc nguyn t c lin quan n thi, y ti coi nh cc bn ang c sn bng h thng tun hon lm bi, nn ti khng lit k y tng cu y (nh Fe = 56; O = 12; Al = 27; Ba = 137; Ag = 108; S = 32; H = 1; Cl = 35,5;...)
1.

Nung x mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 16,08 gam hn hp H gm 4 cht rn, l Fe v 3 oxit ca n. Ha tan ht lng hn hp H trn bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 672 ml kh NO duy nht (ktc). Tr s ca x l: a) 0,15 b) 0,21 c) 0,24 d) Khng th xc nh c v khng d kin Cho rt chm tng git dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3. Ta nhn thy: a. C hin tng si bt kh CO2 ngay, cho n khi ht Na2CO3. V HCl l mt axit mnh n y c CO2 ra khi mui cacbonat l mui ca axit rt yu H2CO3. b. Khng c xut hin bt kh v cho t t dung dch HCl nn ch to mui axit NaHCO3. c. Lc u cha thy xut hin bt kh, sau mt lc, khi dng nhiu HCl, mi thy bt kh thot ra. d. Tt c u khng ng v cn ph thuc vo yu t c un nng dung dch th nghim hay khng, v nu khng un nng dung dch th s khng thy xut hin bt kh. Ha tan hon ton a gam FexOy bng dung dch H2SO4 m c nng va , c cha 0,075 mol H2SO4, thu c b gam mt mui v c 168 ml kh SO 2 (ktc) duy nht thot ra. Tr s ca b l: a) 9,0 gam b) 8,0 gam c) 6,0 gam d) 12 gam d) 3,48 gam

2.

3.

4. Tr s ca a gam FexOy cu (3) trn l: a) 1,08 gam b) 2,4 gam c) 4,64 gam 5. Cng thc ca FexOy cu (3) l: a) FeO c) Fe2O3 c) Fe3O4
1.

d) Thiu d kin nn khng xc nh c

Cho rt t t dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch HCl. Chn pht biu ng nht: a. Thy c bt kh thot ra. b. Khng c bt kh thot ra lc u, v lc u c to mui axit NaHCO3, mt lc sau mi c bt kh CO2 thot ra do HCl phn ng tip vi NaHCO3. c. Do cho rt t nn CO2 to ra thi gian phn ng tip vi Na2CO3 trong H2O to mui axit, nn lc u cha to kh thot ra. d. (b) v (c) Cho t t dung dch NH3 vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3. a. Lc u thy dung dch c, sau khi cho tip dung dch NH3 lng d vo th thy dung dch trong, do Al(OH)3 lng tnh, b ha tan trong dung dch NH 3 d. b. Lc u thy dung dch c l do c to Al(OH) 3 khng tan, sau khi cho dung dch NH3 c d, th thy dung dch trong sut, l do c s to phc cht tan c trong dung dch. c. NH3 l mt baz rt yu, n khng tc dng c vi dung dch Al2(SO4)3.

2.

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

d. 3.

Tt c u sai.

Nh t t dung dch Xt vo dung dch Zn(NO3)2, ta nhn thy: a. Thy xut hin kt ta ri tan ngay. b. Lc u dung dch c, khi cho dung dch Xt d vo th thy dung dch tr li trong sut. c. Lc u dung dch c l do c to Zn(OH)2 khng tan, sau vi kim d, n to phc cht [Zn(NH3)4]2+ tan, nn dung dch tr li trong. d. (a) v (c) 2,7 gam mt ming nhm ngoi khng kh mt thi gian, thy khi lng tng thm 1,44 gam. Phn trm ming nhm b oxi ha bi oxi ca khng kh l: a) 60% b) 40% c) 50% d) 80% Cho kh CO2 vo mt bnh kn cha Al(OH)3. a. C phn ng xy ra v to mui Al2(CO3)3. b. C to Al2(CO3)3 lc u, sau vi CO2 c d s thu c Al(HCO3)3. c. Khng c phn ng xy ra. d. Lc u to Al2(CO3)3, nhng khng bn, n t phn hy to Al(OH)3 v CO2. X l mt kim loi. Ha tan ht 3,24 gam X trong 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M, thu c 4,032 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. X l: a) Zn b) Al c) Cr d) K

4.

5.

6.

12. Nu thm 100ml dung dch HCl 2,1M vo dung dch D cu (11), thu c m gam cht khng tan. Tr s ca m l: a) 9,36 gam b) 6,24 gam c) 7,02 gam d) 7,8 gam 13. vi, vi sng, vi ti c cng thc ln lt l: a) CaCO3, CaO, Ca(OH)2 b) CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, CaO c) CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3 d) CaO, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 14. Tch Ag ra khi hn hp Fe, Cu, Ag th dng dung dch no sau y? a) HCl b) NH3 c) Fe(NO3)3 d) HNO3 m c 15. Ha tan hon ton 2,52 gam kim loi M trong dung dch H 2SO4 long to thnh 6,84 gam mui sunfat. M l kim loi no? a) Al b) Zn c) Mg d) Fe 16. Kh hon ton mt oxit st nguyn cht bng CO d nhit cao. Kt thc phn ng, khi lng cht rn gim i 27,58%. Oxit st dng l: a) Fe2O3 b) Fe3O4 c) FeO d) C 3 trng hp (a), (b), (c) u tha bi 17. Chn cu tr li ng. Tnh oxi ha ca cc ion c xp theo th t gim dn nh sau: a) Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Fe2+ > Al3+ > Mg2+ b) Mg2+ > Al3+ > Fe2+ > Fe3+ > Cu2+ 3+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ c) Al > Mg > Fe > Fe > Cu d) Fe3+ > Fe 2+ > Cu 2+ > Al3+ > Mg2+ 18. Hn hp kim loi no sau y tt c u tham gia phn ng trc tip vi mui st (III) trong dung dch? a) Na, Al, Zn b) Fe, Mg, Cu c) Ba, Mg, Ni d) K, Ca, Al

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

19. Ha tan hn hp hai kh: CO2 v NO2 vo dung dch KOH d, thu c hn hp cc mui no? a) KHCO3, KNO3 b) K2CO3, KNO3, KNO2 c) KHCO3, KNO3, KNO2 d) K2CO3, KNO3 20. Cho hn hp gm Ba, Al2O3 v Mg vo dung dch NaOH d, c bao nhiu phn ng dng phn t c th xy ra? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 21. Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng? a) Dung dch (NH4)2CO3 + dung dch Ca(OH)2 b) Cu + dung dch (NaNO3 + HCl) c) NH3 + Cl2 d) Dung dch NaCl + I2 22. Cho 0,25 mol CO2 tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol Ca(OH)2. Khi lng kt ta thu c l: a) 10 gam b) 20 gam c) 15 gam d) 5 gam 23. Ion no sau y va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ha? a) Clb) Fe 2+ c) Cu 2+ d) S 2(Cc cu t 13 n 23 c trch t thi tuyn sinh h khng chnh qui ca H Cn Th nm 2006) 24. Cho dung dch NaOH lng d vo 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 c nng C (mol/l), thu c mt kt ta. em nung kt ta ny trong chn khng cho n khi lng khng i, thu c mt cht rn, em ha tan ht lng cht rn ny bng dung dch HNO 3 long, c 112cm3 kh NO (duy nht) thot ra (ktc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tr s ca C l: a) 0,10 b) 0,15 c) 0,20 d) 0,05 25. Cho mt lng mui FeS2 tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long, sau khi kt thc phn ng, thy cn li mt cht rn. Cht rn ny l: a) FeS2 cha phn ng ht b) FeS c) Fe2(SO4)3 d) S 26. Cho mt inh st lung d vo 20 ml dung dch mui nitrat kim loi X c nng 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, tt c kim loi X to ra bm ht vo inh st cn d, thu c dung dch D. Khi lng dung dch D gim 0,16 gam so vi dung dch nitrat X lc u. Kim loi X l: a) ng (Cu) b) Thy ngn (Hg) c) Niken (Ni) d) Mt kim loi khc (Cu = 64; Hg = 200; Ni = 59) 27. Cho bit Thy ngn c t khi bng 13,6. Pht biu no sau y khng ng cho thy ngn (Hg)? a) Hai th tch bng nhau gia hi thy ngn v khng kh th hi thy ngn nng hn khng kh 13,6 ln. b) Khi lng ring ca thy ngn l 13,6 kg/lt. c) Thy ngn nng hn nc 13,6 ln. d) Thy ngn l mt cht lng rt nng. 28. Cho hn hp hai kim loi Bari v Nhm vo lng nc d. Sau th nghim, khng cn cht rn. Nh vy: a) Ba v Al b ha tan ht trong lng nc c d. b) S mol Al nh hn hai ln s mol Ba.

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

c) S mol Ba bng s mol Al. d) S mol Ba nh hn hoc bng hai ln s mol Al 29. Hn hp A gm hai kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip nhau. Ha tan 0,37 gam hn hp A trong nc d, thu c dung dch X. Cho 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,4M vo dung dch X, c dung dch Y. trung ha va lng axit cn d trong dung dch Y, cn thm tip dung dch NaOH c cha 0,01 mol NaOH. Hai kim loi kim trn l: a) Li-Na b) Na-K c) K-Rb d) Rb-Cs (Li = 7; Na = 23; K = 39; Rb = 85; Cs = 133) 30. Ha tan ht 3,53 gam hn hp A gm ba kim loi Mg, Al v Fe trong dung dch HCl, c 2,352 lt kh hiro thot ra (ktc) v thu c dung dch D. C cn dung dch D, thu c m gam hn hp mui khan. Tr s ca m l: a) 12,405 gam b) 10,985 gam c) 11,195 gam d) 7,2575 gam (Mg = 24; Al = 27; Fe = 56; Cl = 35,5) 31. Cn ly bao nhiu gam dung dch H2SO4 m c c sn (c nng 97,5%) v khi lng nc pha c 2 lt dung dch H2SO4 37,36% (c t khi 1,28) (l dung dch axit cn cho vo bnh acqui)? a) 980,9 gam; 1 579,1 gam b) 598,7 gam; 1 961,3 gam c) 1120,4 gam; 1 439,6 gam d) Tt c u khng ph hp 32. Dung dch H2SO4 cho vo bnh acqui trn (dung dch H2SO4 37,36%, t khi 1,28) c nng mol/l l: a) 2,98M b) 4,88M c) 3,27M d) 6,20M 33. Cc cht no c th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch? a) (NH4)2CO3; K2SO4; Cu(CH3COO)2 b) Zn(NO3)2; Pb(CH3COO)2; NaCl c) HCOONa; Mg(NO3)2; HCl d) Al2(SO4)3; MgCl2; Cu(NO3)2 34. Ha tan hon ton 1,84 gam hn hp hai kim loi Mg v Fe bng dung dch HCl. Chn pht biu ng. a) Th tch kh H2 thu c ln hn 736 ml (ktc) b) Th tch kh H2 nh hn 1 717 ml (ktc) c) S mol kh hiro thu c nm trong khong 0,033 mol n 0,077 mol d) Tt c u ng 35. Dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,1M trung ha va dung dch HNO 3 0,05M. Nng mol/l ca dung dch mui sau phn ng trung ha l (Coi th tch dung dch khng i khi trn chung nhau): a) 0,02M b) 0,01M c) 0,03M d) Khng d kin tnh 36. Cho hn hp hai kh NO2 v CO2 vo lng d dung dch xt, thu c dung dch c ha tan cc cht: a) NaNO3; Na2CO3; NaOH; H2O b) NaHCO3; NaNO2; NaNO3; NaOH; H2O c) Na2CO3; NaNO3; NaNO2; NaOH; H2O d) Tt c u cha y cc cht 37. 44,08 gam mt oxit st FexOy c ha tan ht bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A, thu c kt ta. em nung

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

lng kt ta ny nhit cao cho n khi lng khng i, thu c mt oxit kim loi. Dng H2 kh ht lng oxit ny th thu c 31,92 gam cht rn l mt kim loi. FexOy l: a) FeO b) Fe2O3 c) Fe3O4 d) S liu cho khng thch hp, c th Fe xOy c ln tp cht 38. Khng c dung dch cha: a) 0,2 mol K+; 0,2 mol NH4+; 0,1 mol SO32-; 0,1 mol PO43b) 0,1 mol Pb2+; 0,1 mol Al3+; 0,3 mol Cl-; 0,2 mol CH3COOc) 0,1 mol Fe3+; 0,1 mol Mg2+; 0,1 mol NO3-; 0,15 mol SO42d) Tt c u ng 39. Dung dch H2SO4 4,5M c khi lng ring 1,26 g/ml, c nng phn trm l: a) 35% b) 30% c) 25% d) 40% 40. Ha tan ht hn hp hai kim loi kim th vo nc, c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc) thot ra v thu c dung dch X. Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn trung ha va dung dch X l: a) 12 ml b) 120 ml c) 240 ml d) Tt c u sai 41. 61,6 gam vi sng (ch gm CaO) ngoi khng kh kh mt thi gian. Sau em ha tan vo lng nc d, dung dch thu c trung ha va 2 lt dung dch HCl 1M. Phn trm CaO b CO2 ca khng kh phn ng l: a) 5,57% b) 8,25% c) 9,09% d) 10,51% 42. Km photphua tc dng vi nc, thu c: a) Axit photphor (H3PO3) b) Axit photphoric (H3PO4) c) Photphin (PH3) d) Khng phn ng 43. S ion OH- c trong 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 pH = 12 l: a) 2.1018 b) 2.10-2 c) 12,04.1019 d) 1,204.1022 44. Khi lng ring ca axetilen ktc l: a) 0,896 g/ml b) 1,16 g/ml c) 1,44 g/ml d) Tt c u sai 45. Vng cng nh bch kim ch b ha tan trong nc cng toan (vng thy), l dung dch gm mt th tch HNO3 m c v ba th tch HCl m c. 34,475 gam thi vng c ln tp cht tr c ha tan ht trong nc cng toan, thu c 3,136 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Phn trm khi lng vng c trong thi vng trn l: a) 90% b) 80% c) 70% d) 60% (Au = 197) 46. Nguyn t no c bn knh ion nh hn bn knh nguyn t tng ng? a) Clo b) Lu hunh c) Neon d) Natri 47. Phn ng nhit nhm l phn ng: a) Nhm b oxi ha to nhm oxit khi un nng trong khng kh. b) Ion nhm b kh to nhm kim loi catot bnh in phn khi in phn nhm oxit nng chy. c) Nhm y c kim loi yu hn n ra khi oxit kim loi nhit cao. d) Nhm y c cc kim loi yu hn n ra khi dung dch mui. 48. ng v l hin tng:

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

a) Cc nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t nhng c khi lng khc nhau. b) Cc nguyn t c cng s th t nguyn t Z (s hiu), nhng c s khi A khc nhau. c) Cc nguyn t c cng s proton, nhng khc s neutron (ntron) d) Tt c u ng. 49. Cho lung kh CO i qua m gam Fe 2O3 un nng, thu c 39,2 gam hn hp gm bn cht rn l st kim loi v ba oxit ca n, ng thi c hn hp kh thot ra. Cho hn hp kh ny hp th vo dung dch nc vi trong c d, th thu c 55 gam kt ta. Tr s ca m l: a) 48 gam b) 40 gam c) 64 gam c) Tt c u sai, v s khng xc nh c. 50. Cho lung kh H2 c d i qua ng s c cha 20 gam hn hp A gm MgO v CuO nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, em cn li, thy khi lng cht rn gim 3,2 gam. Khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A l: a) 2gam; 18gam b) 4gam; 16gam c) 6gam; 14gam; d) 8gam; 12gam 51. Xem phn ng: X c th l: a) Cu b) Sn c) C d) Pb

52. Qu trnh to in (chiu thun) v qu trnh sc in (chiu nghch) ca acqui ch l: Cht no b kh trong qu trnh to in? a) Pb b) PbO2 c) H2SO4 d) SO42-/H+ 53. Phn ng xy ra trong pin Niken Caimi (Ni-Cd) trong qu trnh to in l: 2NiO(OH) + Cd + 2H2O 2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2 Cht no b oxi ha trong qu trnh sc in (l qu trnh nghch ca qu trnh to in)? a) Ni(OH)2 b) Cd(OH)2 c) OHd) C hai cht Ni(OH)2 v Cd(OH)2 54. em nung 116 gam qung Xierit (cha FeCO3 v tp cht tr) trong khng kh (coi nh ch gm oxi v nit) cho n khi lng khng i. Cho hn hp kh sau phn ng hp th vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi c ha tan 0,4 mol Ca(OH)2, trong bnh c to 20 gam kt ta. Nu un nng phn dung dch, sau khi lc kt ta, th thy c xut hin thm kt ta na. Hm lng (Phn trm khi lng) FeCO3 c trong qung Xierit l: a) 50% b) 90% c) 80% d) 60% 55. Xem phn ng: Br2 + 2KI 2KBr + I2 a) KI b oxi ha, s oxi ha ca n tng ln b) KI b oxi ha, s oxi ha ca n gim xung c) KI b kh, s oxi ha ca n tng ln d) KI b kh, s oxi ha ca n gim xung 56. Trong phn ng oxi ha kh: a) S in t c bo ton (S e- cho bng s e- nhn) c) Khi lng c bo ton b) in tch c bo ton d) Tt c u ng

57. Khi cho 5,4 gam kim loi nhm phn ng hon ton vi dung dch H 2SO4 m c, nng to kh SO2 thot ra th lng kim loi nhm ny trao i bao nhiu in t? a) cho 0,2 mol in t b) nhn 0,6 mol in t c) cho 0,4 mol in t d) Tt c u sai

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

58. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hon ton m gam Fe2O3 vi 8,1 gam Al. Ch c oxit kim loi b kh to kim loi. em ha tan hn hp cc cht thu c sau phn ng bng dung dch NaOH d th c 3,36 lt H2(ktc) thot ra. Tr s ca m l: a) 16 gam b) 24 gam c) 8 gam d) Tt c u sai 59. Xem phn ng: aCu + bNO3- + cH+ dCu2+ + eNO + fH2O Tng s cc h s (a + b + c + d + e + f) nguyn, nh nht, phn ng trn cn bng, l: (c th c cc h s ging nhau) a) 18 b) 20 c) 22 d) 24 60. Sc 2,688 lt SO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch KOH 0,2M. Phn ng hon ton, coi th tch dung dch khng i. Nng mol/l cht tan trong dung dch thu c l: a) K2SO3 0,08M; KHSO3 0,04M b) K2SO3 1M; KHSO3 0,04M c) KOH 0,08M; KHSO3 0,12M d) Tt c u khng ng 61. Khi lng tinh th ng (II) sunfat ngm nc (CuSO4.5H2O) cn ly pha c 250 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,15M l: a) 6,000 gam b) 9,375 gam c) 9,755 gam d) 8,775 gam (Cu = 64; S = 32; O = 16; H = 1) 62. Cn thm bao nhiu gam CuSO4.5H2O vo 200 gam dung dch CuSO4 5% thu c dung dch 10%? a) 17,35 gam b) 19, 63 gam c) 16,50 gam d) 18,52 gam 63. Mt dung dch c pH = 5, nng ion OH- trong dung dch ny l: a) 10-5 mol ion/l b) 9 mol ion/l c) 5.10-9 mol ion/l d) Tt c u sai 64. Cho 624 gam dung dch BaCl2 10% vo 200 gam dung dch H2SO4 (c d). Lc b kt ta, ly dung dch cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch Pb(CH3COO)2, thu c 144 gam kt ta. Nng % ca dung dch H2SO4 lc u l: a) 24,5% b) 14,7% c) 9,8% d) 37,987% (Ba = 137; Cl = 35,5; H = 1; S = 32; O = 16; Pb = 207) 65. Cho mt hp cht ion hirua ha tan trong nc th thu c: a) Mt dung dch axit v kh hiro. b) Mt dung dch axit v kh oxi. c) Mt dung dch baz v kh hiro. d) Mt dung dch baz v kh oxi. 66. Cho 3,2 gam bt lu hunh (S) vo mt bnh kn c th tch khng i, c mt t cht xc tc rn V2O5 (cc cht rn chim th tch khng ng k). S mol O2 cho vo bnh l 0,18 mol. Nhit ca bnh lc u l 25C, p sut trong bnh l p1. To mi la t chy ht lu hunh. Sau phn ng gi nhit bnh 442,5C, p sut trong bnh by gi p 2 gp i p sut p1. Hiu sut chuyn ha SO2 to SO3 l: a) 40% b) 50% c) 60% d) 100% (S = 32) 67. M l mt kim loi. Cho 1,56 gam M tc dng ht vi kh Cl 2, thu c cht rn c khi lng nhiu hn so vi kim loi lc u l 3,195 gam. M l: a) Mg b) Cr c) Zn d) Cu

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

(Mg = 24; Cr = 52; Zn = 65; Cu = 64; Cl = 35,5) 68. em nung 3,4 gam mui bc nitrat cho n khi lng khng i, khi lng cht rn cn li l: a) Vn l 3,4 gam, v AgNO3 khng b nhit phn b) 2,32 gam c) 3,08 gam d) 2,16 gam (Ag = 108; N = 14; O = 16) 69. Trn 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,3M vi 100 ml dung dch HNO3 c pH = 1, thu c 200 ml dung dch A. Tr s pH ca dung dch A l: a) 1,0 b) 0,7 c) 13,3 d) 13,0 70. Phn trm khi lng oxi trong phn chua (Al2(SO4)3.K2SO4.24H2O) l: a) 67,51% b) 65,72% c) 70,25% d) Mt tr s khc (Al = 27; S = 32; O = 16; K = 39; H = 1) 71. Ha tan Fe2(SO4)3 vo nc, thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(NO3)2 d, thu c 27,96 gam kt ta trng. Dung dch A c cha: a) 0,08 mol Fe3+ b) 0,09 mol SO42c) 12 gam Fe2(SO4)3 d) (b), (c) (Fe = 56; Ba = 137; S = 32; O = 16) 72. Xem phn ng: FexOy + (6x-2y)HNO3(m c) xFe(NO3)3 + (3x-2y)NO2 + (3x-y)H2O a. y phi l mt phn ng oxi ha kh, FexOy l cht kh, n b oxi ha to Fe(NO3)3. b. Trong phn ng ny, HNO3 phi l mt cht oxi ha, n b kh to kh NO2. c. y c th l mt phn ng trao i, c th HNO3 khng ng vai tr cht oxi ha. d. (a) v (b) 73. Ha tan hon ton 15 gam CaCO3 vo m gam dung dch HNO3 c d, thu c 108,4 gam dung dch. Tr s ca m l: a) 93,4 gam b) 100,0 gam c) 116,8 gam d) Mt kt qu khc (Ca = 40; C = 12; O = 16) 74. Xem phn ng: FeS2 + H2SO4(m c, nng) Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O Tng s cc h s nguyn nh nht, ng trc mi cht trong phn ng trn, phn ng cn bng cc nguyn t l: a) 30 b) 38 c) 46 d) 50 75. Chn cch lm ng pha long dung dch H2SO4 98% nhm thu c 196 gam dung dch H2SO4 10%, mt hc sinh thc hin nh sau: a. Ly 176 gam H2O vo 20 gam dung dch H2SO4 98%. b. Ly 20 gam dung dch H2SO4 98% cho t t vo 176 gam H2O. c. (a) v (b) u ng. d. Tt c u ly s lng khng ng. 76. Trn dung dch NaOH 40% vi dung dch NaOH 10% thu c dung dch 30%. Khi lng mi dung dch cn ly em trn thu c 60 gam dung dch NaOH 30% l: a) 20 gam dd NaOH 40%; 40 gam dd NaOH 10% b) 40 gam dd NaOH 40%; 20 gam dd NaOH 10%

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

c) 30 gam dd NaOH 40%; 30 gam dd NaOH 10% d) 35 gam dd NaOH 40%; 25 gam dd NaOH 10% 77. Cho 2,7 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,2M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, thu c dung dch A. Cho 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,8M vo dung dch A, thu c m gam kt ta. Tr s ca m l: a) 7,8 gam b) 5,72 gam c) 6,24 gam d) 3,9 gam (Al = 27; O = 16; H = 1) 78. Dung dch axit clohiric m c c nng 12M v cng l dung dch HCl c nng 36%. Khi lng ring ca dung dch ny l: a) 1,22 g/ml b) 1,10g/ml c) 1,01 g/l d) 0,82 g/l (H = 1; Cl = 35,5) 79. Dung dch hn hp B gm KOH 1M Ba(OH)2 0,75M. Cho t t dung dch B vo 100 ml dung dch Zn(NO3)2 1M, thy cn dng t nht V ml dung dch B th khng cn kt ta. Tr s ca V l: a) 120 ml b) 140 ml c) 160 ml d) 180 ml 80. Chn cu tr li ng CaCO3 + BaCl2 BaCO3 + CaCl2 (1) K2CO3 + Ba(NO3)2 BaCO3 + 2KNO3 (2) CuS + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2S (3) CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 (4) a. C bn phn ng (1), (2), (3), (4) u xy ra b. Cc phn ng (1), (2), (4) xy ra c. Cc phn ng (2), (3), (4) xy ra d. Cc phn ng (2), (4) xy ra 81. Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 3,5M vo 100 ml dung dch AlCl 3 1M. Sau khi phn ng xong, thu c m gam kt ta. Tr s ca m l: a) 3,9 gam b) 7,8 gam c) Kt ta b ha tan ht d) Mt tr s khc (Al = 27; O = 16; H = 1) 82. Ch c dng nc, nhn bit c tng kim loi no trong cc b ba kim loi sau y? a) Al, Ag, Ba b) Fe, Na, Zn c) Mg, Al, Cu d) (a), (b) 83. Ha tan ht 2,055 gam mt kim loi M vo dung dch Ba(OH)2, c mt kh thot ra v khi lng dung dch sau phn ng tng 2,025 gam. M l: a) Al b) Ba c) Zn d) Be (Zn = 65; Be = 9; Ba = 137; Al = 27) 84. Nguyn t no c bn knh ion ln hn bn knh nguyn t tng ng? a) Ca b) Ag c) Cs d) Tt c u khng ph hp 85. Ha tan hon ton m gam bt kim loi nhm vo mt lng dung dch axit nitric rt long c d, c 0,03 mol kh N2 duy nht thot ra. Ly dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi lung d dung dch xt, un nng, c 672 ml duy nht mt kh (ktc) c mi khai thot ra. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tr s ca m l: a) 3,24 gam b) 4,32 gam c) 4,86 gam d) 3,51 gam

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

86. Vi phn ng: FexOy 2yHCl (3x-2y)FeCl2 + (2y-2x)FeCl3 Chn pht biu ng: a) y l mt phn ng oxi ha kh b) Phn ng trn ch ng vi trng hp FexOy l Fe3O4 c) y khng phi l mt phn ng oxi ha kh d) (b) v (c) ng

yH2O

87. Mt dung dch MgCl2 cha 5,1% khi lng ion Mg2+. Dung dch ny c khi lng ring 1,17 g/ml. C bao nhiu gam ion Cl- trong 300 ml dung dch ny? a) 13,0640 gam b) 22,2585 gam c) 26,1635 gam d) 52,9571 gam (Mg = 24; Cl = 35,5) 88. Xem phn ng: FeS2 + H2SO4(, nng) Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 a) FeS2 b oxi ha to Fe2(SO4)3 b) FeS2 b oxi ha to Fe2(SO4)3 v SO2 c) H2SO4 b oxi ha to SO2 d) H2SO4 oxi ha FeS2 to Fe3+ v SO4289. Th t nhit si tng dn ca cc hirohalogenua nh sau: a) HF < HCl < HBr < HI b) HCl < HBr < HI < HF c) HCl < HF < HBr < HI d) HI < HBr < HCl < HF + H2O

90. Cho 0,69 gam Na vo 100 ml dung dch HCl c nng C (mol/l), kt thc phn ng, thu c dung dch A, cho lng d dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch A, thu c 0,49 gam mt kt ta, l mt hiroxit kim loi. Tr s ca C l: a) 0,2 b) 0,3 c) 0,1 d) Mt gi tr khc (Na = 23; Cu = 64; O = 16; H = 1) 91. C bao nhiu in t trao i trong qu trnh ru etylic b oxi ha to axit axetic? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 92. Cht no s b ha tan nhiu trong axit mnh hn so vi trong nc? a) PbF2 b) PbCl2 c) PbBr2 d) PbI2 93. pH ca dung dch NaH2AsO4 0,1M gn vi tr s no nht? Cho bit axit arsenic H3AsO4 c cc tr s Ka1 = 6,0.10-3 ; Ka2 = 1,1.10-7 ; Ka3 = 3,0.10-12 a) 1,6 b) 2,8 c) 4,0 d) 4,8 94. em nung nng mt lng qung hematit (cha Fe2O3, c ln tp cht tr) v cho lung kh CO i qua, thu c 300,8 gam hn hp cc cht rn, ng thi c hn hp kh thot ra. Cho hp th hn hp kh ny vo bnh ng lng d dung dch xt th thy khi lng bnh tng thm 52,8 gam. Nu ha tan ht hn hp cht rn trong lng d dung dch HNO3 long th thu c 387,2 gam mt mui nitrat. Hm lng Fe 2O3 (% khi lng) trong loi qung hematit ny l: a) 2O% b) 40% c) 60% d) 80% (Fe = 56; O = 16; N = 14; C = 12) 95. Kh hay hi cht no c tr s khi lng ring 546C; 1,5 atm bng vi khi lng ring ca kh oxi iu kin tiu chun? a) N2 b) NH3 c) SO2 d) SO3 (N = 14; H = 1; S = 32; O = 16)

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

96. Ngi ta trn m1 gam dung dch cha cht tan A, c nng phn trm l C 1, vi m2 gam dung dch cha cng cht tan, c nng phn trm l C2, thu c dung dch c nng phn trm C. Biu thc lin h gia C, C1, C2, m1, m2 l: a) b) c) d) (a), (c) 97. Ngi ta trn m1 gam dung dch HNO3 56% vi m2 gam dung dch HNO3 20% thu c dung dch HNO3 40%. T l gia m1 : m2 l: a) 4 : 5 b) 5 : 4 c) 10 : 7 d) 7 : 10 98. Thu c cht no khi un nh mui amoni nitrit? a) N2, H2O b) N2O; H2O c) N2; O2; H2O d) H2, NH3; O2 99. Trn m1 gam dung dch NaOH 10% vi m2 gam dung dch NaOH 40% thu c 60 gam dung dch 20%. Tr s ca m1, m2 l: a) m1 = 10g; m2 = 50g b) m1 = 40g; m2 = 20g c) m1 = 35g; m2 = 25g d) m1 = 45g; m2 = 15g 100. H s nguyn nh nht ng trc ion OH- phn ng sau y ...Cl2 + ...OH- ...Cl- + ...ClO3- + ...H2O cn bng s nguyn t cc nguyn t l: a) 3 b) 6 c) 12

d) 18

101. em nung 1,50 gam mt mui cacbonat mt kim loi cho n khi lng khng i, thu c 268,8 cm3 cacbon ioxit (ktc). Kim loi trong mui cacbonat trn l: a) Ca b) Mn c) Ni d) Zn (Ca = 40; Mn = 55; Ni = 59; Zn = 65) 102. em nung m gam hn hp A cha hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi u thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II trong bng h thng tun hon, thu c x gam hn hp B gm cc cht rn v c 5,152 lt CO2 thot ra. Th tch cc kh u o ktc. em ha tan ht x gam hn hp B bng dung dch HCl th c 1,568 lt kh CO2 thot ra na v thu c dung dch D. em c cn dung dch D th thu c 30,1 gam hn hp hai mui khan. Tr s ca m l: a) 26,80 gam b) 27,57 gam c) 30,36 gam d) 27,02 gam 103. Mt hp cht ion cha 29,11% Natri; 40,51% Lu hunh v 30,38% Oxi v khi lng. Anion no c cha trong hp cht ny? a) S2O32b) SO42c) S4O62d) SO32(Na = 23; S = 32; O = 16) 104. Khi lng NaCl cn thm vo 250 gam dung dch NaCl 10% thu c dung dch 25% l: a) 20 gam b) 30 gam c) 40 gam d) 50 gam 105. Th tch nc (D = 1g/ml) cn thm vo 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 92% (D = 1,824 g/ml) thu c dung dch H2SO4 12% l: a) 500 ml b) 528 ml c) 608 ml d) 698 ml

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

106. Ngi ta trn V1 lt dung dch cha cht tan A c t khi d1 vi V2 lt dung dch cha cng cht tan c t khi d2 thu c V lt dung dch c t khi d. Coi V = V1 + V2. Biu thc lin h gia d, d1, d2, V1, V2 l: a) b) c) d) (a), (c) 107. Th tch nc cn thm vo dung dch HNO3 c t khi 1,35 thu c 3,5 lt dung dch HNO3 c t khi 1,11 l: (Coi s pha trn khng lm thay i th tch) a) 2,4 lt b) 1,1 lt c) 0,75 lt d) Mt tr s khc 108. Khi lng tinh th FeSO4.7H2O cn dng thm vo 198,4 gam dung dch FeSO4 5% nhm thu c dung dch FeSO4 15% l: a) 65,4 gam b) 50 gam c) 30,6 gam d) Tt c u khng ng (Fe = 56; S = 32; O = 16; H = 1) 109. Cho 7,04 gam kim loi ng c ha tan ht bng dung dch HNO3, thu c hn hp hai kh l NO2 v NO. Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi hiro bng 18,2. Th tch mi kh thu c ktc l: a) 0,896 lt NO2; 1,344 lt NO b) 2,464 lt NO2; 3,696 lt NO c) 2,24 lt NO2; 3,36 lt NO d) Tt c s liu trn khng ph hp vi d kin u bi (Cu = 64; N = 14; O = 16; H = 1) 110. Mu vt cht no di y khng nguyn cht? a) NaCl (lng) b) Ru etylic c) H2O (rn) d) Ru 40

111. Cho m gam bt kim loi ng vo 200 ml dung dch HNO3 2M, c kh NO thot ra. ha tan va ht cht rn, cn thm tip 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,8M vo na, ng thi cng c kh NO thot ra. Tr s ca m l: a) 9,60 gam b) 11,52 gam c) 10,24 gam d) u bi cho khng ph hp (Cu = 64) 112. Cho m gam hn hp gm ba kim loi l Mg, Al v Fe vo mt bnh kn c th tch khng i 10 lt cha kh oxi, 136,5C p sut trong bnh l 1,428 atm. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, sau a nhit bnh v bng nhit lc u (136,5C), p sut trong bnh gim 10% so vi lc u. Trong bnh c 3,82 gam cc cht rn. Coi th tch cc cht rn khng ng k. Tr s ca m l: a) 2,46 gam b) 2,12 gam c) 3,24 gam d) 1,18 gam 113. Trn 100 ml dung dch MgCl2 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 14, thu c m gam kt ta. Tr s ca m l: a) 8,7 gam b) 5,8 gam c) 11,6 gam d) 22,25 gam (Mg = 24; O = 16; H = 1) 114. Sc V lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,05M, thu c 7,5 gam kt ta. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tr s ca V l: a) 1,68 lt b) 2,80 lt c) 2,24 lt hay 2,80 lt d) 1,68 lt hay 2,80 lt (Ca = 40; C = 12; O = 16) 115. Sc kh SO2 dung dch xa th: a) Kh SO2 ha tan trong nc ca dung dch xa to thnh axit sunfur.

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

b) Kh SO2 khng phn ng, t ha tan trong nc ca dung dch sa, thot ra, c mi xc (mi hc). c) SO2 y c CO2 ra khi mui carbonat, ng thi c s to mui sunfit. d) Tt c u khng ph hp. 116. Cho 42 gam hn hp mui MgCO 3, CuCO3, ZnCO3 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 0,25 mol CO2, dung dch A v cht rn B. C cn dung dch A, thu c 38,1 gam mui khan. em nung lng cht rn B trn cho n khi lng khng i th thu c 0,12 mol CO2 v cn li cc cht rn B. Khi lung ca B v B l: a) 10,36 gam; 5,08 gam b) 12,90 gam; 7,62 gam c) 15, 63 gam; 10,35 gam d) 16,50 gam; 11,22 gam 117. Cho NaHCO3 tc dng vi nc vi trong c d, phn ng xy ra hon ton, tng h s nguyn nh nht ng trc cc cht phn ng ny c s cn bng s nguyn t cc nguyn t l: a) 7 b) 10 c) 5 d) Mt tr s khc 118. Cho lung kh hiro c d qua ng s c ng 9,6 gam bt ng (II) oxit un nng. Cho dng kh v hi thot ra cho hp th vo bnh B ng mui ng (II) sunfat khan c d ng (II) sunfat khan hp th ht cht m n hp th c. Sau th nghim, thy khi lng bnh B tng thm 1,728 gam. Hiu sut ng (II) oxit b kh bi hiro l: a) 50% b) 60% c) 70% d) 80% (Cu = 64; O = 16) 119. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm vi 3,24 gam Al v m gam Fe 3O4. Ch c oxit kim loi b kh to kim loi. em ha tan cc cht thu c sau phn ng nhit nhm bng dung dch Ba(OH)2 c d th khng thy cht kh to ra v cui cng cn li 15,68 gam cht rn. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tr s ca m l: a) 18,56 gam b) 10,44 gam 8,12 gam d) 116,00 gam (Al = 27; Fe = 56; O = 16) 120. Xt cc nguyn t v ion sau y: Nguyn t, ion c s in t bng s in t ca nguyn t Argon l: a) (1), (3), (5), (8), (10) b) (1), (3), (6), (8), (11) c) (1), (11), (8), (3), (9) d) (1), (2), (4), (7), (9) 121. Gi s gang cng nh thp ch l hp kim ca St vi Cacbon v St ph liu ch gm St, Cacbon v Fe2O3. Coi phn ng xy ra trong l luyn thp Martin l: Fe2O3 + 3C 2Fe + 3CO Khi lng St ph liu (cha 40% Fe2O3, 1%C) cn dng khi luyn vi 4 tn gang 5%C trong l luyn thp Martin, nhm thu c loi thp 1%C, l: a) 1,50 tn b) 2,93 tn c) 2,15 tn d) 1,82 tn (Fe = 56; O = 16; C = 12) 122. Ion CO32- cng hin din chung trong mt dung dch vi cc ion no sau y? a) Na+; NH4+; Mg2+ b) H+; K+; NH4+ c) K+; Na+; OHd) Li+; Ba2+; Cl123. Khi cho dung dch canxi bicacbonat (c d) tc dng vi dung dch xt, tng h s nguyn nh nht ng trc cc cht trong phn ng phn ng ny cn bng s nguyn t cc nguyn t l:

Trc nghim ha v c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

a) 5

b) 6

c) 7

d) 8

124. Cho V lt (ktc) CO2 hp thu ht vo dung dch nc vi c ha tan 3,7 gam Ca(OH) 2, thu c 4 gam kt ta trng. Tr s ca V l: a) 0,896 lt b) 1,344 lt c) 0,896 lt v 1,12 lt d) (a) v (b) (Ca = 40; O = 16; H = 1; C = 12) 125. Cho 1,12 lt kh sunfur (ktc) hp thu vo 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng C (mol/l), thu c 6,51 gam kt ta. Tr s ca C l: a) 0,3M b) 0,4M c) 0,5M d) 0,6M (Ba = 137; S = 32; O = 16)

P N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 b c a d c a d b a c b d a c d b a b b c 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 d a b a b a b d c a c c d a b c c d d b 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 c b a d a d d a c a b d d a c c b d d a 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 b c a c d a d b d c c d b b a d a c b c 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 d a a d c d b b a d b a b d c b c d a b

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Bin son: V Hng Thi

21 22 23 24 25

d c b b d

46 47 48 49 50

d c d a b

71 72 73 74 75

a c b c b

96 97 98 99 100

a b a b b

121 122 123 124 125

d c a d b