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DZEY BELRLEME SINAVI - 2

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DZEY BELRLEME SINAVI - 2

Blmler: Aklamalar Cevap Kad Snav

........................................................................ 2 ........................................................................ 3

Cevap Anahtar ........................................................................ 8 zmler ........................................................................ 9

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Sayfa No:

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DZEY BELRLEME SINAVI - 2

Aklama: 1. oktan semeli 50 soruluk bu snavdan alacanz puan, sitemizi takip edebilecek dzeyde olup olmadnz belirlemeyi amalamaktadr.

KISALTMALAR DBS *t. *int. Dzey Belirleme Snav Transitive Fiil Intransitive Fiil

(Transitive ve intransitive fiillere rnek: fall (int) / drop (t), grow (t/int). Fall dmek demektir. Drmek anlamna gelmez. Geisiz fiildir. I fell down. I fell the vase (x) cmlesi I dropped the vase eklinde dzeltilmelidir. Ardndan nesne geldii iin fall fiili yerine burada drop kullanlmaldr. Grow hem bymek hem bytmek demektir. Yani, hem geili, hem geisiz kullanlabilen bir fiildir. I grow (bytmek, yetitirmek) vegetables in my garden. Vegetables grow (bymek, yetimek) in my garden.) x ya da krmz renk : yanl rnek iareti * : dipnot iareti smt : something smo ya da smb : someone ya da somebody ya da mavi renk : doru rnek iareti

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3. Aldnz puan ne kadar yksek olursa olsun, bu snava ait zmler dosyasn almanz neririz. Dosyada yaplan aklamalar, tam olarak oturmam gramer bilgilerinizi size hatrlatacak ve doruyu yanltan ayrt etmenizi salayacaktr.

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2. 50 dakikalk sre ierisinde doru cevap saynz 27-28'i geememise, bu durum, DS/KPDS snavlar asndan ciddi eksiklikleriniz olduuna iaret edecektir. Bu takdirde, cevap anahtarnzla birlikte, bize yazp, nerilerimize bavurabilirsiniz.

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DZEY BELRLEME SINAVI - 2 CEVAP KAIDI

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DZEY BELRLEME SINAVI - 2

1. - 14. sorularda, aadaki parada numaralanm yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

3. A) shall earn B) will earn C) going to earn D) are earning 4. A) During three years Ive tried B) During three years I tried C) For three years Ive tried D) For three years I tried 5. A) that I didnt tell B) before I told C) when I wasnt telling D) before telling 6. A) Nor I did B) I didnt neither C) I didnt either D) I didnt too

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I arrived a bit early and when Mr Thomson came he asked me if (14) ---- a long time. No, not long, I replied. After talking to me for about twenty minutes he offered me a job - not as a photographer though, as a model! 1. A) the most people decide B) the most people decides C) most people decide D) most people decides 2. A) like to do B) like to make C) do D) make

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I talked about it with my friends Frank and Lesley. Neither of them (8) ---- suggest anything, but they promised that they (9) ---- their friends. A few days later while I (10) ---- bed, someone telephoned. Is that Miss Jenkins? a mans voice asked. I understand your hobby is photography and Ive got a job that might interest you in my clothes factory. My name is Mr Thomson. He seemed pleasant on the phone so I went (11) ---- . I was (12) ---- I almost forgot to say goodbye. Good luck! my mother (13) ---- me.

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7. A) to do B) you should do C) thing to do D) thing that you do 8. A) may B) might C) can D) could 9. A) should ask B) would ask C) were asking D) have asked 10. A) was still in B) still was in C) was still in the D) still was in the

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Nowadays (1) ---- quite early what kind of work they would (2) ---- . When I was at school, we had to choose what to study when we were fifteen. I chose scientific subjects. In the future, scientists (3) ---- a lot of money, my parents said. (4) ---- to learn physics and chemistry, but in the end I decided that I would never be a scientist. It was a long time (5) ---- my parents that I wasnt happy at school. I didnt think you were, said my mother. (6) ---- , said my father. Well, the best (7) ---- now is to look for a job.

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11. A) that I should see him B) for seeing him C) to see him D) for to see him 12. A) so excited than B) so excited as C) so much excited D) so excited that 13. A) told B) said C) told to D) said to 14. A) I had been waiting B) I had been expecting him C) I have been waiting D) I have been expecting him

17. When ---- a game of football? A) had you last B) did you last have C) last had you D) did you have last 18. I cant find the book ---- . A) nowhere B) everywhere C) anywhere D) somewhere

19. Theres not much news in todays paper, ---- ? A) isnt it B) are there C) is there D) arent there 20. Fred doesnt like babies . ---- Jill. A) Nor does B) So doesnt C) So does D) Nor doesnt

15. - 50. sorularda, cmlede bo braklan yerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

15. Is her ---- than mine? A) shorter hair B) hair shorter C) hair more short D) more short hair

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16. Phone me when you get ---- . A) to home B) at home C) in home D) home

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A) what people laugh at B) which people laugh C) that people laugh at D) at what people laugh A) to go somewhere B) go to somewhere C) go nowhere D) go anywhere

21. He often tells stories ---- .

22. Lets not ---- tonight. Theres a good film on television.

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23. The baby is crying! Will you ---- while I prepare his milk? A) tear him up B) look after him C) care him D) make him up 24. A secretarys job isnt always easy ---- . A) of to do B) for doing C) of doing D) to do 25. ---- was fine, I sat out in the garden. A) For it B) As it C) For there D) As there

29. To travel from England to Scotland you ---- a passport. A) mustnt have B) havent got C) dont need D) neednt 30. Your pens on the floor. ---- . A) Pick it up! B) Pick up it! C) Take it up! D) Take up it!

31. I like cheese and eggs ---- .

26. While we were travelling ---- , it started to rain. A) towards London in my car B) towards London by my car C) against London in my car D) against London by my car 27. Jack brought us ---- cheese. A) enough of B) too many C) some more D) a lot

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28. ---- draw very well. A) These both children B) Both of they C) Both them D) Both these girls

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A) for breakfast B) for the breakfast C) with breakfast D) with the breakfast 32. Do you like the cakes? I dont like ---- . A) all them B) them all C) every D) everyone 33. Children shouldnt leave their toys on the floor. They should ---- . A) put out them B) put off them C) put them away D) put them off 34. Where can we get a ball? Lets ---- . A) lend one from John B) lend Johns one C) borrow one of John D) borrow one from John

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35. I ---- home at half past six. A) was at B) come at C) arrive in D) go to 36. I ---- early, but on Sundays I stay in bed late. A) usually go up B) usually get up C) used to go up D) used to get up 37. When ---- Mr Jones? A) you have met B) you did meet C) you met D) did you meet

41. I ---- meet her every day. A) used to B) wanted C) liked D) am not able 42. You said the books were on the desk but ---- there. A) there was no one B) there were none C) there were no ones D) was none

38. The girls ---- talked to were quite happy. A) we B) which we C) those we D) what we

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39. Tony likes walking in the country and ---- . A) also does Mary B) so does Mary C) Mary likes also D) so Mary likes

40. ---- it is from Bristol to Glasgow! A) What long a way B) What distance C) How long way D) How far

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A) fishes tin B) fish tin C) tin of fishes D) tin of fish A) Neither has Ben B) Ben hasnt also C) Nor is Ben D) Ben isnt too A) much time B) many times C) long for D) long ago A) Pam to come B) Pam come C) to Pam to come D) to Pam come

43. Have you got a ---- , please?

44. Johns not been to New York. ---- .

45. How ---- have you been to America?

46. Tell ---- back tomorrow.

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47. There was a lot of post today but ---- you. A) its nothing for either of B) its nothing for either C) theres nothing for either of D) theres nothing for either

49. Is that the man ---- yesterday? A) you met B) has met you C) youve met D) met you

48. He doesnt ---- English. A) neither speak or write B) neither speak nor write C) speak or write D) speak nor write

50. The restaurant had plenty of tables but ---- . A) one only empty B) only one empty C) no one empty D) no ones empty

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DZEY BELRLEME SINAVI - 2 CEVAP ANAHTARI

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DZEY BELRLEME SINAVI - 2 ZMLER

A) the most people decide B) the most people decides C) most people decide D) most people decides zm 1. Doru cevap C.

I dont like people smoking in public (halka ak) places.

People isminin the artikeli alabilmesi iin belirli bir topluluktan sz etmesi gerekir: The President has the full support of the people. (Belirli bir lkede yaayan insanlar/ halk kast ediliyor.) B ve D: oul bir isim olan people ile tekil ekimli decides fiili uyumuyor. Decides fiili decide olarak deimeli.

Soru

2. Nowadays most people decide quite early what kind of work they would ---- . A) like to do B) like to make C) do D) make

zm 2. Doru cevap A. A: Bir istei dorudan sylemeyip nezaket gerei incelttiimiz zaman would like to V1 kalbndan yararlanrz: I would like to talk you about an important issue (mesele) if you have time. (sizinle nemli bir konu hakknda grmek isterdim?) Would you like to come with us for a walk? B ve D: Bu seeneklerde make fiili var. Work fiili make ile deil, do ile kullanlr. What kind of work would your son like to do when he becomes a graduate (niversite mezunu)?

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People drive very badly in our country.

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A ve B: People belirli bir insan topluluuna iaret etmiyorsa, the artikeli (belirte) almaz.

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Soru

1. Nowadays ---- quite early what kind of work they would like to do.

Theres a lot of work to do today. C: Bu seenekte verilen do fiili (ya da herhangi baka bir fiil) would ile yan yana geldiinde, ilk dnlecek yaplardan biri isim (aktarm) cmlesidir. Direct speech (Dorudan aktarm): Ali to Cengiz: What will you do in the evening? Ali asked Cengiz what he would do in the evening. Indirect (Reported) speech (Dolayl aktarm):

Nowadays children in Britain decide quite early what they will do in the future.

Children in the 18th century-Britain decided quite late what they would do in the future.

Soru

3. In the future, scientists ---- a lot of money, my parents said. A) shall earn B) will earn C) going to earn D) are earning

zm 3. Doru cevap B.

A: Yakn bir gemite, ngiliz dilinde shall yardmcs 1. tekil ve oul ahslar (I we) iin tercih edilirdi.

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We shall soon move (tanmak) from this house. I shall sell seashells (istiridye vs. kabuu) on the seashore. (Telaffuzu gelitirmek iin sylenen bir tekerleme.) Gnmz ngilizcesinde ise, shall bir-iki zel durum (teklifler, hukuk metinleri vs.) hari, neredeyse hi kullanlmyor. Tekliflerde shall: Shall we arrange a meeting to discuss this matter? Bu konuyu grmek iin bir toplant dzenleyelim mi? Hukuk dilinde shall: Anyone who has violated this law shall be strictly punished. Her kim bu kanunu ihlal ederse iddetle cezalandrlacaktr. (Shall burada bir tr emir kipi gibi i gryor.) C: Going to V1in are yardmcsna ihtiyac var: Scientists are going to earn a lot of money in the future.

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Grld gibi, willin dolayl aktarm olan would, ana cmle gemie iaret ediyorsa kullanlabilir. Kukusuz would model fiilinin, geni zaman cmlelerde karmza kan bir ok istisnai kullanm da vardr (rn: would like to V1 kalbnda ya da nezaket formundaki sorularda (rn: Would you please help me?). Ancak, 2 numaral sorunun bal olduu cmlede bu tr zel bir durum/istisna gremiyoruz.

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Yazarn notu: Benim pek aklma yatmyor ama, konumac, bu ie (bilim insanlarnn gelecekte ok para kazanacak olmasna) kesin gzyle bakyorsa ve bundan ka olmadna inanyorsa, cmlede are going to V1 kullanabilir. Ama lkemizde bilim yapmaya alan arkadalarmzn yaad skntlar hatrlaynca, are going to V1in soru cmlesine 4 numara byk geleceini dnyorum. D: Gelecei anlatmak iin imdiki zamandan yararlanabiliriz:

Yukardaki rnei present continuous tense yerine simple future tense kullanarak bir kez daha kuralm ve ortaya kan iki cmle yapsn karlatralm: Ill get a new job. Herhalde yeni bir i bakacam/arayacam. / deitirmeyi dnyorum. (Demek ki kesinlemi bir karar vs. yok.)

Soru

4. ---- to learn physics and chemistry, but in the end I decided that I would never be a scientist. A) During three years Ive tried B) During three years I tried C) For three years Ive tried D) For three years I tried

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zm 4. Doru cevap D.

A ve B: During zaman zarf, srelerin uzunluunu ifade etmek iin kullanlmaz: I learnt some English during two months in Britain. (X) Tahmin edebileceiniz gibi, rnekte, during yerini for zarfna brakmaldr. I learnt some English for two months in Britain. Baka bir alternatifte ise, during yerinde kalr ama bu durumda toplam sreye iaret eden two months zaman zarfna yol grnr: I learnt some English during my stay in Britain. Demek ki during, bir zaman srecinin ad ile yan yana gelirse sorun ortadan kalkyor: During the war we had hard days. He passed away (lmek) during the night. People living in Antalya dont use stoves during winter.

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rneklerden anlayacanz gibi, future yerine present continuous tense kullanmak iin planlanm ve gereklemesi kesinlenmi bir olayn varl n kouldur. Soru cmlesinde bu trden kesinlemi bir arrangement (dzenleme, antlama vs.) ile ilgili hibir ipucu yoktur. Dolaysyla, bu cmlede gelecei anlatmak zere are earning fiilinden yararlanamayz.

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Im getting a new job. Yeni bir ie balyorum. (Demek ki anlama yaplm, i balanm.)

O halde, during bir zaman parasnn isim olarak belirlendii yerlerde kullanlyor, for ise toplam sre belirtiyor (for three nights / for ten years vs.). Sonu olarak, A ve B seenekleri devre d. C: Soru cmlesinin devamn hatrlayalm: ...but in the end I decided that I would never be a scientist.

I had completed my training by the beginning of 1999, but I was still jobless (isiz) at the end of the same year. No one was interested in the lecture, but, out of courtesy (nezaket gerei), everyone listened till the end.

Soru

5. It was a long time ---- my parents that I wasnt happy at school. A) that I didnt tell B) before I told C) when I wasnt telling D) before telling

.b
A) that I didnt tell

zm 5. Doru cevap B.

Mantk bize A ve Cnin esastan hatal olduunu sylyor. nk metnin geliinden, hikayeyi bize anlatan kz ve anne ve babas arasnda bir konuma getii anlalyor. 5. soru cmlesinin hemen arkasndan anne ve babann kzlarna verdii cevaplar hatrlayalm: I didnt think you were, said my mother. (6) ---- , said my father.

Demek ki ortada sylenmi bir eyler var. Ancak, A ve C seenekleri byle bir konumann varln inkar ediyor. C) when I wasnt telling

A: imdi A seeneine farkl bir adan yaklaalm ve bu seenein hatasn daha ak bir ekilde gzler nne serelim: It was a long time ago that we had a chat (sohbet, ene alma). It was ages (ok uzun zaman) ago that we last saw a film together.

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Buna gre, C seeneindeki present perfect ekim (Ive tried) sorunun devamnda verilen but + simple past ile uyumsuzdur.

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He is ill but he attended (katlmak) the conference. (Ya is was olmal ya da attended rnein, will attend olarak deimeli.)

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But zt sonu anlattna gre baland ana cmlede zt sebep bulunmaldr. Ancak, sebep sonutan nce meydana gelemeyeceine gre, sebep anlatan bir cmle, sonu anlatan bir cmleye gre daha yakn zamanda ekilmi olmamaldr:

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But ile zt sonu anlatmak zere ve simple past ekimle yolunuza devam ediyorsanz, ie, simple past ya da past perfect ekimle balam olmanz beklenir:

Sizin de fark ettiiniz gibi, it was a long time genellikle ago zaman zarfna balanr ve bu yapy olumlu bir yan cmle izler. Bu nedenle, Trkesi doru grnse dahi, aadaki gibi bir cmle ngilizce asndan kusurludur: It was a long time ago that we didnt have a chat. Karlkl sohbet etmeyeli uzun zaman oldu. Doru kurulu aadaki gibi olmaldr: It was a long time ago that we last had a chat. Son kez karlkl sohbet ettiimizden beri uzun zaman oldu.

O halde A seeneinin iki hata tad ortaya km oldu (ago: yok; - didnt tell: olumsuz).

We want to buy a cottage (kr evi) in the country (sayfiye, ehir d) for the time when we retire. Ill never forget the day when I first met my wife. D: imdi geldik iin can alc noktasna, yani before telling them ile before I told them arasndaki farka. ndirgeme (reduction) bahsini duymusunuzdur. sterseniz basit bir rnek vererek hatrlamanza yardmc olalm: Before I bought my present house, I had seen perhaps a hundred houses. Birleik cmlenin basit analizi:

Yan cmle: Before I bought my present house, Ortak zne: I

Ana cmle: I had seen perhaps a hundred houses.

Cmlenin indirgenmi hali:

Before buying my present house, I had seen perhaps a hundred houses.

.b
Kurallar:

1. ndirgenecek bir birleik cmlede znelerin ortak olmas gerekir.

2. ndirgeme sonras yan cmlede zne atlr, fiil aktifse -ing eki alr ve indirgeme tamamlanr. Not: Verilen rnek cmlenin indirgenmesi srasnda her iki kurala da uyulmutur. imdi D seeneini soru cmlesine balayalm ve indirgemenin kurallara uygun yaplp yaplmadn kontrol edelim: It was a long time before telling my parents that I wasnt happy at school. It was a long time = ana cmle before telling my parents that ... = indirgenmi yan cmle

before telling = before it told (nk ana cmlede ortak zne olarak it grnyor.) Cmlenin indirgeme ncesi anm: It was a long time before it told my parents that I wasnt happy at school.

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C: Bu seenein neresini tutsanz elinizde kalyor. Hem a long time diyerek uzun bir sreden bahsedeceksiniz, hem de when ile ad belli olmayan bu zaman tarif etmeye alacaksnz. Doru yapnn aadaki gibi kurulmas gerekmez miydi?:

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Bala + ing fiil indirgemesi yapabilmek iin, ana cmle ve yan cmle znelerinin ortak olmas gerektiini sylemitik. Eer doru cevap D ise (ki deil), ana cmle znesi it indirgenmi cmlenin de znesi olur ve bu znenin tell (sylemek) iini yapm olmas beklenir. Bu mmkn olmadna gre, soru cmlesinde indirgeme yaplamaz. nemli not: ndirgeme konusunda daha fazla bilgi edinmek iin sitemizdeki Fen 7 ve Salk 8 snavlarnn zm dosyalarnda, ctrl+F komutuyla indirgeme ya da reduction kelimelerini arayabilir ve kan sonular inceleyerek bu nemli konu hakknda bilginizi arttrabilirsiniz.

Soru

6. I didnt think you were, said my mother. ---- , said my father. A) Nor I did B) I didnt neither C) I didnt either D) I didnt too

zm 6. Doru cevap C.

A: Olumsuz ekleme cmlelerini (Ne de ben vs.) balatan elemanlar olan nor ve neither balandklar cmleyi devrik yapda isterler. Bu nedenle A seenei Nor did I eklinde kurulmalyd. Jane: I didnt like the film. Bob: Nor/Neither did I.

B: Bu seenekte, ngiliz gramerindeki en nemli hatalardan biri yaplm ve iki olumsuz yan yana gelmi: didnt ve neither. Doru cmle kuruluu aadaki gibi olmalyd: I didnt either.

Jane: I didnt like the film.

.b
Jane: I liked the film. Bob: I did too.

Bob: I didnt either.

Not: neither (= not either) D: Too bir ekleme ifadesidir ama olumlu cmlelerde kullanlr:

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Soru

7. Well, the best ---- now is to look for a job. A) to do B) you should do C) thing to do D) thing that you do

zm 7. Doru cevap C.

A: Cevap olmaya aday eldirici bir seenek. Ama bir soruya cevap vermeyi unutmu: en iyi ne? The best to do is to look for a job. (x) (Yaplacak en iyi i aramak.) The best to do is to work. (x) (Yaplacak en iyi almak.)

Best bir sfattr ve bir ismi nitelemesi beklenir. Bu nedenle, yukardaki cmlelerin doru hale gelebilmesi iin kk bir deiiklie ihtiya var:

The best thing you should do is to look for a job. () (Yapman gereken en iyi ey i aramak.) Aslnda bu, ilgi zamiri (that) dm bir sfat cmlesidir. Thati ait olduu yere koyduumuzda sfat cmlesi tam olarak karmza kar: The best thing that you should do now is to look for a job. D: Do geni zamanda cmleye otur oturduun yerde diyor, now ise kalk gidelim diye cevap veriyor. The best thing you do now is to look for a job.

Soru

zm 8. Doru cevap D. A ve C: Yaanan olaylarn gemite kald ak. Bu nedenle A ve C seeneklerinde verilen may ve can hataldr. B: Might model fiili mayin pastdr. Neden cevap olmasn? diyenlere: Might model fiili mayin past deildir!

.b
A) may B) might C) can D) could

8. I talked about it with my friends Frank and Lesley. Neither of them ---- suggest anything, but they promised that they would ask their friends.

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B: Ayn kat burada da alm: the best ne? The besti takiben mutlaka thing ismi ya da cmlenin geliine uygun herhangi baka bir isim olmal:

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The best thing to do is to look for a job. () (Yaplacak en iyi ey i aramak.) The best thing to do is to work. () (Yaplacak en iyi ey almak.)

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Might, may gibi geni ve gelecee ynelik olarak kullanlr ve olaslk anlatr, ama bu olaslk maye kyasla daha dktr: You might find Turkish trains rather slow. She might arrive late. Spare (ayrmak/bir kenara koymak) some of the meal for her. Aktarm cmlelerinde ya da 2. tip ifli cmlelerde may yerine might kullanlr: Aktarm: David told Mary that he might be late that night. David to Mary: I may be late tonight.

2. tip ifli cmle: If I knew some French, I might help you a bit with your French homework.

Sonsz: Yaptmz aklamaya gre, bu sorunun seeneini birbirine eitleyip atmak mmkn grnyor: A=B=C. D: Could hem gemie, hem de geni/gelecek zamanlara iaret edebilir: The teacher asked me a question but I couldnt answer it. (gemi) The teacher could ask us difficult questions in tomorrows exam. (gelecek)

Soru

9. ... but they promised that they ---- their friends. A) should ask B) would ask C) were asking D) have asked

zm 9. Doru cevap B.

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A: Yaplmasna sz verilen bir ey iin: I promised I should help him. (Ona yardm etmem gerektiine sz verdim.) demezsiniz. Bunun yerine: I promised I would help him. (Ona yardm edeceime sz verdim.) cmlesini tercih eder ve model fiil olarak willin aktarm olan would kipini kullanrsnz. Ayn sz past tensete deil, present tensete verilmi olsayd, would grevi wille brakrd: I promise I will help him. (Ona yardm edeceime sz veriyorum.) nemli not: Should, could kipine benzer ekilde hem geni hem gemi zamanda grev alabilir.
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Our team might have won the game with a bit of luck. ans biraz bizden yana glseydi takmmz ma kazanabilirdi. (Sonu: Ma kaybedilmi.)

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Ancak, bu tr cmlelerde karmza kan might kipi gerek anlamda gemii anlatmaz (yani olaylarn meydana gelip gelmedii hakknda hibir bilgi vermez). Might gemii anlatsn isteniyorsa, have V3 greve armak gerekir:

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Ebru to Aylin: You should listen to my advice. Ebru told Aylin that she should listen to her advice. C ve D: were asking ve have asked fiilleri yaplm ilerden bahsediyor. Halbuki promise bir iin sadece yaplacana sz veriyor ama ortada yaplm bir i yok. O halde, promise fiilini izleyen ikinci fiil ancak gelecek zamanda ekilebilir dersek herhalde hata etmi olmayz: I promise I will not promise again. Not: Past bir cmlede ounlukla present perfect'in yeri olmaz. Bu, D seeneinin iki kez hatal olduunu gsteriyor.

Soru

10. A few days later while I ---- bed, someone telephoned. A) was still in B) still was in C) was still in the D) still was in the

zm 10. Doru cevap A.

A: Still, to be fiilinden sonra ama dier ana fiillerden nce kullanlr: He is + still a teacher.

He still + teaches at the same school.

Ayrca, herhangi bir zellii olmayan (ya da nemsenmeyen) ve iinde her gece uyuduunuz yataktan sz ediyorsanz, bed kendisinden nce the artikeli almaz: I am in bed.

I went to bed late last night.

.b

Were you in bed when I called you? B: Bkz. A seenei giri aklamas. C ve D: Bu seenek daha nceden belirginlik kazanm, herhangi bir bakmdan zellii olan bir yataktan bahsediyor. Halbuki hikayede byle bir yataktan daha nce hi sz edilmemiti: I was in the big bed / the white bed / the bed that I had bought in Paris. D ayrca, word order (sz dizini) asndan da yanl. Bkz. A seenei giri aklamas.

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Soru

11. He seemed pleasant on the phone so I went ---- . A) that I should see him B) for seeing him C) to see him D) for to see him

zm 11. Doru cevap C.

A: Hope, think gibi baz duygu ve dnce belirten fiiller thate balanarak, konumacya belli bir konu zerinde yorum yapma (fikir beyan etme) hakk verirler: I hope that it wont rain tomorrow.

Ancak hareket anlatan fiiller ile bu trden yorumlar yaplamaz: I come that... / I go that... (x)

Bu fiiller, olsa olsa ama anlatmak zere to V1 fiillere balanabilirler: I came here to see you. I went there to visit him.

Not: Eer yine de A seeneinde verilen thatli isim cmlesini go fiiline balamakta inat ederseniz, bunu kimse grmeden yapmanz tavsiye ederiz. Biz, denemede bulunmak isteyen arkadalar iin aada bir kolaylk dndk. Yaptmz bu byk hizmetin ngiliz gramerine yeni bir alm getirmesini dileriz: I went that I should see him. (x) (Gittim ki kimi greyim: onu!) B: Bu seenein hatasyla ilgili ayrntl aklama iin bkz. DBS 1/s. 24. Bir insann amalad bir ii/eylemi anlatmak iin in order to V1, so as to V1 ya da ksaca to V1 kullanlr: I went to England (in order) to improve my English.

.b

For +Ving fiil ise, genellikle cansz nesnelerin ne ie yaradklar anlatlrken kullanlr: This tool (alet) is for opening cans (konserve). D: for to see him ifadesinde for bir edattr ve edatlar takiben gelen fiiller Ving halde bulunurlar: A strimmer is a machine for cutting grass and weeds (ayrk otu). Ancak, for ve to V1 fiil arasna bir nesne girerse bu ikili yan yana gelebilir: This bag is too heavy for me to carry. The washing machine is waiting for the mechanic to be mended.

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ci

.c

Many betters (bahisi) thought that Fenerbahe would lose against Sevilla of Spain.

om

Soru

12. I was ---- I almost forgot to say goodbye. A) so excited than B) so excited as C) so much excited D) so excited that

zm 12. Doru cevap D.

A: Than ikinci derece sfat/zarf karlatrmas iin habercidir: I was more excited than anyone else. ki hata:

1) A seeneinde verilen so pekitiricisi ikinci derece karlatrmalarda kullanlmaz. 2) So yerine more ve daha sonra than kullanlm olsayd bile, soru cmlesinin devamnda karlatrma yaplabilecek bir insan vs. (karlatrmann ikinci aya) grnmyor. Doru bir karlatrma cmlesi aadaki gibi kurulmaldr: I got a better mark (puan) than many of my classmates (okul/snf arkada).

When he heard that he had won the Oscar, he was not so excited as expected. ...... , beklendii kadar heyecanlanmad. Football is not so popular in the USA as in Turkey.

nemli not: Yukardaki rneklerde so ... as yerine as ... as karlatrmas da pekala i grr. he was not as excited as expected.

Football is not as popular in the USA as in Turkey.

.b

C: Much ncelikle bir miktar belirleyicidir; sfatlarn deil, saylamayan isimlerin miktarn belirler ve genellikle olumsuz cmlelerde karmza kar: We havent got much time. There isnt much bread left. I must buy some. C seeneinde verilen excited bir isim deil, sfattr. Bu durum muchn nn keser. Ancak, kimi cmlelerde much bir sfat ya da zarfla birlikte pekitirici olarak kullanlabilir: I was much too excited to see the Queen just before me. Kralieyi tam nmde grverince ok heyecanlandm. Dikkat ederseniz, rnek cmlede much, excited sfatn deil, (kendisi de bir pekitirici olan) too zarfn pekitirmektedir. Our daughter is much more interested in serials (dizi film) than anything else. Dikkat ederseniz, rnek cmlede much, interested sfatn deil, ikinci derece karlatrmay salayan more zarfn pekitirmektedir.

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B: so excited as birinci derece bir karlatrma olup sadece olumsuz cmlelerde kullanlr:

ci

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Sonu: 1) C seeneinde, ne yukardaki rneklere benzer zel bir yap vardr, ne de that balant eleman. Bu nedenle, seenekte verilen yapnn soru cmlesinde kullanlmas hataldr. 2) Eer so much + saylamayan isim + that eklinde bir yap oluturabilirseniz, dzgn ve anlaml bir cmle elde edebilirsiniz: He won so much money in the lottery (piyango) that he didnt know how to spend it. The music at the party was so loud that no one could hear each other properly. (loud: (ses iin) yksek; properly: doru dzgn) D: so sfat/zarf that ngiliz gramerinin nemli ve sk kullanlan yaplarndan biridir:

The new manageress (kadn mdr/ynetici) was so harsh (sert) that all the workers feared her.

A) told B) said C) told to D) said to

zm 13. Doru cevap D.

A: Bu seenek yanl nk told dolayl aktarmlarda kullanlr. Jane to John: I can speak two languages.

.b

Jane told John that she could speak two languages.

Soru giriine bakarsak, konumann trnak iaretleri arasnda (direct speech) olduunu grrz. Demek ki konuma henz aktarma (indirect speech) girmemi. B ve C: B yanl nk tosu yok; say fiili to ister. C yanl nk tosu var; told fiili to edat almaz. My mother said to me that she didnt like my plan. My mother told me that she didnt like my plan. Ancak, to edat C seeneinden atlsa dahi, bu durumda yine A seeneine dneriz. Zaten ne demiler, Benim olum bina okur, dner dner yine okur.

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Soru

13. Good luck! my mother ---- me.

ci

.c

We were so tired after the overtime (fazla mesai) that we could hardly keep our eyes open.

om

Soru

14. ...he asked me if ---- a long time. A) I had been waiting B) I had been expecting him C) I have been waiting D) I have been expecting him

zm 14. Doru cevap A.

A: Hikayedeki iki kii karlkl konuurlarken biri dierine bir soru soruyor: Mr Thomson to the girl: Have you been waiting a long time? Ve bu soru cmlesi daha sonra aktarma giriyor:

He asked the girl if (ya da whether) she had been waiting a long time.

Mr Jones: Excuse me. Are you waiting for Mr Thomson? (expect deil) Miss Baker: Oh, yes, indeed. Are you Mr Thomson? Mr Jones: No, Im afraid hes out at the moment. Im Mr Jones and Mr Thomson asked me to meet you. Miss Baker: Oh, its very kind of you. But I expected Mr Thomson to meet me personally. (wait deil)

zm 15. Doru cevap B. A ve D: Her iyelik sfat kendisinden sonra isim ister: her hair, her book, her car vs. A seeneinde shorter ve hair kelimeleri yer deitirirse, cevap ortaya kar: Is her hair shorter than mine? Ancak, ayn deiiklii D seeneinde yapsanz dahi, doru bir cevap elde edemezsiniz: Is her hair more short than mine? nk short tek heceli bir sfattr ve 2. derece kuruluta more deil, -er eki (suffix) alr.
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.b
A) shorter hair B) hair shorter C) hair more short D) more short hair

Soru

15. Is her ---- than mine?

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B: Expectin iinde bir beklenti gizlidir; wait ile kartrmaynz. Expect yle bir mizansende kullanlabilirdi: Hikayedeki kz Mr Thompsonu beklemektedir. Ama bu kiinin yerine Mr Jones kagelir:

ci

Not: Soru sorma ii simple past tensete (asked) gerekletiine gre, sorunun iinde geen dier zamanlarn da asked fiiline bal olarak bir derece uzak/eski zamana tanmas gerekir. Bu nedenle, karlkl konumadaki have, had olarak aktarlmtr.

.c

om

Soru

16. Phone me when you get ---- . A) to home B) at home C) in home D) home

zm 16. Doru cevap D. Homedan tr zerinde dikkatle durulmas gereken bir soru. A: ok yaygn kullanlan bir kelime olduu iin home to edat almaz. I am going home. He got home late. I am at home. = I am home.

Bulunma / lokasyon belirtirken at alabilir de, almayabilir de:

I am a long way from home.

I am going to my home.

Soru

17. When ---- a game of football? A) had you last B) did you last have C) last had you D) did you have last

zm 17. Doru cevap B.

.b
A ve C: Soru cmlesi iinde bakaca bir fiil olmadna gre, had A ve C seeneklerinde yardmc deil, ana fiil olarak grev yapmaktadr. Oysaki simple past tense bir soru cmlesi kurmak iin did yardmc fiiline gerek vardr: When did you have that operation (ameliyat)? D: ok iyi balam bir i, last zarfnn yeri nedeniyle berbat olmu (sz dizini/word order hatas). Zarflar genellikle yardmc ile ana fiil arasna girerler: When did you last go to a movie (sinema)? He has never said a good word to anyone. You will always be a close friend of mine.
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Yukardaki cmleyi from olmakszn kuramayz. O halde, istisna to (biraz da at) iin geerlidir diyebiliriz. Ne yazk ki to edatnn bu istisnai durumunun da istisnas vardr: home ismi kendisinden nce bir iyelik sfat alrsa, bu sfat to edatnn kullanlmasn zorunlu klar:

ci

Ancak, from edatnn varl halinde iler deiir:

.c

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Soru

18. I cant find the book ---- . A) nowhere B) everywhere C) anywhere D) somewhere

zm 18. Doru cevap C.

A: Kendisi de olumsuz olduu iin, nowherein olumsuz cmlelerde yeri yoktur. Doru cevap A olacak ekilde soru cmlesini deitirirsek: I can find the book nowhere.

B ve D: Bu seeneklerde verilen yer zarflar olumsuz deil, olumlu cmlelerde kullanlabilir:

I have looked for the book everywhere in the house.

Soru

19. Theres not much news in todays paper, ---- ? A) isnt it B) are there C) is there D) arent there

.b
ki bonus rnek:

zm 19. Doru cevap C.

C: There is not ifadesinin kuyruk soru biimi (tag question) is there? olmaldr. Kuyruk sorusu sorarken aadaki baz temel kurallara dikkat edilir: 1) Cmlenin tenseine baklarak yardmc fiil tespiti yaplr: Ahmet is a tall boy. 2) Bu yardmcnn iareti tersine evrilir (olumluysa olumsuza - olumsuzsa olumluya): is isnt 3) znenin zamiri alnr ve yardmcdan sonra gelmek zere kuyruk sorusu tamamlanr: Ahmet is a tall boy, isnt he? Ali and his wife have a house, dont they? Your mother had an operation, didnt she?

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I need to find somewhere to stay for the night.

ci

I have lost the SIM card somewhere in the house.

.c

(Ya da baka bir deyile: The book was nowhere to be found.)

om

Soru

20. Fred doesnt like babies. ---- Jill. A) Nor does B) So doesnt C) So does D) Nor doesnt

zm 20. Doru cevap A. (Bkz. bu snavn 6. soru zm ve DBS 1/s 38.) B ve C: So, olumlu cmlelere ekleme yapmak iin kullanlr: Rfat: I like playing cards (skambil oyunlarn severim.) Sedat: So do I. (Ben de severim/yle.) Rfat: I didnt like his attitude (tavr). Sedat: So did I. (x) / So didnt I. (x)

So, ne olumsuz bir cmleye ekleme yapabilir, ne de kendisi olumsuz bir ekim alabilir.

D: Kendisi olumsuz olduu iin nor (= not or) olumsuz bir cmlede kullanlamaz: Fred doesnt like babies. Nor doesnt Jill. (x) Fred doesnt like babies. Nor does Jill. () Nor ile balayan cmledeki not eki kartlrsa, sorun ortadan kalkar:

Soru

21. He often tells stories ---- . A) what people laugh at B) which people laugh C) that people laugh at D) at what people laugh

zm 21. Doru cevap C.

.b

A ve D: Laugh fiili birine ya da bir eye glmek anlamnda at alr. People will laugh at you if you wear that funny (komik) hat.

A seeneinde verilen what bir soru kelimesidir ve ismin yerine geer, yani isim cmlesi balant eleman olarak alr:

He knows what people laugh at. O, insanlarn neye gleceini bilir. Ancak, cmlede isim kullanrsanz, hataya neden olursunuz: He knows the stories what people laugh at. O, insanlarn neye hikayelere gleceini bilir. B: Which pekala bala olarak bu cmlede grev alabilir. Ancak, bu durumda laugh fiili at edatna ihtiya duyar:

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He often tells stories which people laugh. (x) He often tells stories which people laugh at. () At edatn yan cmlenin bana alp ikinci bir alternatif oluturabiliriz: He often tells stories at which people laugh. ()

He often tells stories that people laugh at. () He often tells stories at that people laugh. (x)

Soru

22. Lets not ---- tonight. Theres a good film on television. A) to go somewhere B) go to somewhere C) go nowhere D) go anywhere

zm 22. Doru cevap D.

A: Let, kendisini izleyen fiilleri yaln halde ister; to mastar fiile izin vermez: Lets have a game of football. (Hadi gelin futbol oynayalm.) Lets not play cards now. Lets play it later.

Ayrca, somewhere olumlu iken soru cmlesi olumsuzdur. Dolaysyla, mastar fiil to cmleden atlsa dahi A seenei yine de doru cevap olmaz: Lets not go somewhere tonight. (x) B: Somehere, anywhere vs. yer zarflar ya da zamirleri kendilerinden nce to almazlar:

.b

- Where are you going? - Im going nowhere. Just wandering around (etrafta dolamak).

Ayrca, somewhere olumlu iken soru cmlesi olumsuzdur. Dolaysyla, to edat atlsa dahi B seenei yine de doru cevap olmaz (Bkz. A seenei). nemli not: ngilizcede to iki farkl grevde bulunur:

1) Mastar (infinitive) fiil (-mek/-mak anlamnda): I want to drink some water. 2) Edat (preposition): I am going to Ankara. C: ki olumsuz yine yan yana gelmi: not ve nowhere.

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Not: That kendisinden nce edat almayaca iin ayn alternatifi that ilgi zamirine uygulayamazsnz:

Soru

23. The baby is crying! Will you ---- while I prepare his milk? A) tear him up B) look after him C) care him D) make him up

zm 23. Doru cevap B. A: tear up: yrtmak, skp atmak, para para etmek

He tore up the letter to avoid (engellemek) others from reading it. B: look after: bakmak, ilgilenmek, bakmn stlenmek He is looking after his disabled (sakat) mother. That nurse looks after bedridden (yatalak) patients. C: Yap, care for ya da take care of eklindedir.

I dont care for her any more now that she has got married to another man. Please, take good care of yourself. (Kendine iyi bak.) D: make up: makyaj yapmak, ikmal etmek, (bir eksiklii vs.) gidermek, bir btn oluturmak How can we make up for the losses (zarar, ziyan)? All substances are made up of molecules.

Soru

24. A secretarys job isnt always easy ---- . A) of to do B) for doing C) of doing D) to do

zm 24. Doru cevap D. A ve C: A seeneinde of edatn takiben to V1 fiil kullanlm olmas byk bir hatadr. Edatlardan sonra fiillerin ing halleri gelir: He was accused (sulanmak) of taking bribes (rvet). Sfatlardan sonra ise fiillerin to V1 halleri kullanlr: It is nice to meet (tanmak) you. I am happy to be with you. We were sorry to hear that he had bankrupted (iflas etmek). Sfatlar for edatn ahslarla birlikteyken alrlar ve daha sonra ama gsteren to ile yollarna devam ederler:

.b
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ci

.c

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It is easy for me to solve this problem. It is difficult for children to choose right from wrong (doruyu yanltan ayrt etmek). Not: Bkz. bu snavn 11. soru zm ve DBS 1/s. 24 B: Ama ve ara arasndaki farka daima dikkat ediniz: These glasses are good for reading. (Gzlklerin amac olamaz. Bu nedenle, for reading yerine to read ifadesi kullanlamaz.)

He bought these glasses to read books. (Bir insan, bir ii bir ama gzeterek yapar. Bu nedenle, to read yerine for reading ifadesi kullanlamaz.)

zm 25. Doru cevap B.

A ve C: For (= because, since) sebep anlatr, ancak bala olarak cmle bana gelmez. Sonu anlatan cmlenin kendisinden nce verilmesini ister. I was exhausted (tkenmek). For, I had been working non-stop for 10 hours. Ayrca, C seeneinde (ve D seeneinde) varlk-yokluk anlatan there var, ancak varlndan bahsedilecek herhangi bir isim yok. There is fine. (x)

There is a fine (k vs.) gentleman waiting for you in the lounge (salon).

.b

Soru cmlesi havadan sz etmektedir ve hava yerine it zamiri kullanlabilir:

It (= The weather) is fine. It (= The weather) is rainy.

B: as = because, since. Bu grevde as balacn tanmayan yoktur. Biz, size asin farkl bir grevini gsterelim: As it is you, I will make some more discount. Senin hatrn iin biraz daha indirim yapacam.

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ci

A) For it B) As it C) For there D) As there

.c

Soru

25. ---- was fine, I sat out in the garden.

om

Soru

26. While we were travelling ---- , it started to rain. A) towards London in my car B) towards London by my car C) against London in my car D) against London by my car

B: Car, genel bir vasta tr olarak by edat alr:

Many people in stanbul travel to work by car and then they complain about the traffic. Ancak, my car diye genel bir vasta cinsi olamaz. By edatndan, genel vastalarla yaplan yolculuklar anlatmak iin yararlanlr ve cmle bu aralarn yaln isimleriyle kurulur. I travelled by plane. It is safe to travel by train.

C ve D: Against kartlk, ztlk, tepki, anlamazlk gsterir. Bu insanlar Londraya savaa gitmediklerine gre C ve D saf d kalrlar. I am against privatization (zelletirme) of telecommunications services. Chelsea is playing against Fenerbahe.

Soru

27. Jack brought us ---- cheese. A) enough of B) too many C) some more D) a lot

zm 27. Doru cevap C.

.b

A: Bu seenekte of edat fazla. Enough sfat herhangi bir edata ihtiya duymadan isme balanabilir: Jack brought us enough cheese.

A seeneinin doru cevap olabilmesi iin soru cmlesinde biraz deiiklik yapmak gerek: We had enough of that Danish cheese. Dont buy any more. O Danimarka peynirinden yeterince yedik. Artk alma. rnekten anlayacanz gibi, zel/belirli bir isimden bahsediyorsak, enough bu tr bir isme dorudan balanamaz. te o zaman of edat devreye girer.

B: Many, saylamayan bir isim iin (uncountable noun) uygun bir miktar belirleyici (quantifier) deildir. Many, saylabilen isim ister (countable noun): I have too many friends to keep their names in mind.

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zm 26. Doru cevap A.

D: Bu seenekte of eksik. Bildiiniz gibi, a lot ifadesi of edat olmadan herhangi bir isme balanamaz: Jack brought us a lot of cheese. C: k bakta doru cevaba pek benzemiyorsa da, C seeneinde herhangi bir hata yok. Geri moreun hangi iki unsuru karlatrd belli deil, ancak bu da gramer asndan bir kusur deil. Aadaki rnek cmleyi irdeleyelim: We need some more workers. Daha fazla iiye ihtiya duyduklarna gre, konumacnn firmasnda zaten belli bir sayda alan olduu anlalyor. Konumac da bunu bir kez daha beyan etmeye gerek grmeden derdini anlatvermi. Ayn cmleyi, karlatrmann ikinci ayan da ierecek ekilde kurmak mmkndr:

zm 28. Doru cevap D. (Bkz. DBS 1/s 27.)

A: These bir iaret sfatdr ve iaret ettii isimle (children) birlikte bulunmas gerekir: Both these children.... B: Baz kurallar vereceiz. Ltfen dikkatle inceleyiniz: 1) Both zne durumunda bulunan ahs zamirlerinden nce kullanlamaz:

.b
Both the books... (v)

both we, both they

2) Both, zamirleri objective (nesne) durumunda ister ve bu zamirlere balanabilmek iin kaynatrma grevinde of edatna gerek duyar: Both of us, both of them (v)

Both us, both them (x)

3) Both bir isme of yardmyla balanabilecei gibi, bu ii aracya (of) gerek kalmadan da baarabilir: Both of these children... (v)

Both these children... (v) Both of the books... (v)

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A) These both children B) Both of they C) Both them D) Both these girls

ci

Soru

28. ---- draw very well.

.c

We need some more workers than we already have.

om

Soru

29. To travel from England to Scotland you ---- a passport. A) mustnt have B) havent got C) dont need D) neednt

zm 29. Doru cevap C. A: Mustnt have bir olumsuz zorunluluktan sz ediyor: You mustnt smoke in class. We mustnt violate (ihlal etmek) others rights (hak).

Soru cmlesinde zorunluluk yok; bilakis, bir zorunluluun ortadan kalkmas durumu var:

B: Bu seenei doru cevap sayan arkadalarmza yle seslenmek istiyorum:

D: Need + isim ikilisi dorudan kullanlabilir: It is raining. I need an umbrella (emsiye).

Cmlede herhangi bir yardmc fiil bulunmadna gre, need ana fiildir. Ana fiil need olumsuz yap kurarken yardmcya ihtiya duyar: It has stopped raining. I dont need an umbrella. (v) It has stopped raining. I neednt an umbrella. (x) nemli not: Cmlede need dnda baka bir fiil olsayd, (yani need yardmc fiil konumunda bulunsayd) olumlu yap tek, olumsuz yap ise iki alternatife kapsn aabilirdi: I need to buy an umbrella. I dont need to buy an umbrella ya da I neednt buy an umbrella.

.b

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If you havent got a passport, sit where you have been sitting. Otur oturduun yerde yoksa eer bir pasaportun.

ci

If you are a Turkish citizen (vatanda), you dont need a passport to travel to Northern Turkish Republic of Cyprus (Kbrs).

.c

om

Soru

30. Your pens on the floor. ---- . A) Pick it up! B) Pick up it! C) Take it up! D) Take up it!

zm 30. Doru cevap A.

A: pick up: (bir eyi yerden vs.) kaldrmak, (aatan vs.) toplamak, (birini bir yerden) almak The apples have ripened (olgunlamak). Lets pick some up.

Pick the pencil up! ya da ksaca Pick it up!

Pick up the pencil! (v) Pick up it! (x)

C: take up: (bir ie vs.) balamak, (yeni fikirler vs.) benimsemek She has recently taken up yoga.

Following his visit to the USA, he took up new ideas.

Soru

31. I like cheese and eggs ---- . A) for breakfast B) for the breakfast C) with breakfast D) with the breakfast

zm 31. Doru cevap A. C: ay simitle severim. demek isteseydik (I like simit with tea) withi kullanabilirdik. Ama kahvaltyla yumurta yenmez; kahvaltda yumurta yenir. Kahvaltnn kendisi yenecek bir ey olmayp yaptnz eylemin addr. We had fish for dinner. What have you cooked for lunch? B: Soru cmlesinde zel bir kahvaltdan bahsedilmedii iin brekfast isminin the almas doru deildir. (10. sorudaki I was in bed. rneini hatrlaynz). Her gn dzenli olarak yenen yemekler (breakfast, lunch, supper ve dinner) iin belirli artikele (the) ihtiya duyulmaz:

.b
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ci

Ancak, ayn phrasal verbler kendilerinden sonra sadece isim kullanlmasna izin verir, zamirlere ise kaplarn kapatrlar:

.c

B: Phrasal verbler bir fiil + edat ya da edatlardan oluur. Bunlardan birou aralarna bir isim ya da zamir girmesine ses karmazlar:

om

I had lunch with a friend. Ancak, zel bir yemek vs. iin kural bozulur: Do you remember the dinner we had in that restaurant by the seaside?

A) all them B) them all C) every D) everyone zm 32. Doru cevap B.

I have ten students. All them are from Nide. (x) Ama of edat bu sorunu ortadan kaldrr:

I have ten students. All of them are from Nide.

B: Bir cmlenin ortasnda ya da sonunda, zellikle vurgu arttrmak amacyla all (ya da both) kullanlabilir. Bu durumda, all (ya da both) kendisinden nce gelen bir zamire dorudan balanabilir: Ive made us all something to eat. (Hepimize yiyecek bir eyler hazrladm.) I am inviting you all to my wedding ceremony. (Hepinizi nikah trenime davet ediyorum.). There were 50 patients in the morning. Has the doctor examined them all? Ayn cmleleri, all yerine both kullanarak tekrar kurarsak: Ive made us both something to eat. (kimiz iin yiyecek bir eyler hazrladm.) I am inviting you both to my wedding ceremony (kinizi de nikah trenime davet ediyorum.). There were 2 patients waiting for the doctor. Has she examined them both? (...Doktor ikisini de muayene etti mi?) C: Bu yapy every + saylabilen tekil isim olarak tanrz. I see her every day. Ive got every CD that this singer (arkc) has ever made. C seenei every diye balam ama devamn getirmemi. Every tek bana hibir ey ifade etmez: I have eaten every on the table. (x) I have eaten every fruit on the table. Not: Eer aka isim belirtmeden Masann zerindeki her eyi yedim. demek isterseniz, everything belgisiz zamirinden yararlanabilirsiniz.)

.b

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ci

A: Botha benzer ekilde (bkz. soru 28), all zamiri de kendisinden sonra baka bir zamire dorudan balanamaz:

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Soru

32. Do you like the cakes? I dont like ---- .

D: Everyone herkes demektir. Halbuki biz keklerden bahsediyoruz. Acaba soruyu hazrlayan kii herkesi kek yerine mi koymu? Everyone liked the cakes that I had baked (piirmek).

A) put out them B) put off them C) put them away D) put them off zm 33. Doru cevap C. A: put out: sndrmek B: put off: ertelemek, geciktirmek

The firemen had great difficulty in trying to put out the fire.

nemli not: Them zamiri phrasal verbn arasnda yer almad iin A ve B seenekleri bu bakmdan da hatal kurulua sahiptirler. enmeden baknz: soru 30/B. C: put away: (bir eyi) kaldrp yerine koymak Will you please put away those files (dosya)?

Soru

34. Where can we get a ball? Lets ---- .

zm 34. Doru cevap D. A ve B: Bu seenekler dn vermekten sz etmeye alm ama onu da tam olarak becerememi. lend something to somebody: birine bir ey dn vermek B seenei belki aadaki gibi bir cmlede bir anlam ifade edebilirdi: lend Johns ball to David: Johnun topunu Davide dn vermek (Nasl olsa top bizim deil. Bakasna dn vermekten ne kar!) Dikkat: Lend Johns one ifadesinde, one hataldr. Br insana ait bir eyadan ikinci kez sz ederken (ksaltma yapmak iin) aadaki yolu izleriz:

.b

A) lend one from John B) lend Johns one C) borrow one of John D) borrow one from John

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As she is afraid of dentists, she keeps putting off going to one. (... , di hekimine gitmeyi devaml erteliyor.)

ci

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Soru

33. Children shouldnt leave their toys on the floor. They should ---- .

Johns ball (Johnun topu) Johns (Johnunki) our teachers book (hocamzn kitab) our teachers (hocamznki) C: Kk bir deiiklik yaparak, bu seenei doru cevap haline getirebiliriz: Where can we get a ball? Lets borrow one of Johns. Johna s taks getirerek, anlam aadaki gibi dzeltmi oluruz: ... Johnunkilerden (Johnun toplarndan) birini dn alalm. D: borrow something from someone: birinden bir ey dn almak

Soru

35. I ---- home at half past six. A) was at B) come at C) arrive in D) go to

B: At edatn at; bu seenek doru cevap olsun: I come home at half past six. Come to edatna aktr:

Come to our new house! Im sure youll like it. Home ise ayn edata kapaldr: Will you come home early tonight?

.b

C: Bu seenekte verilen in edat at olsayd ikinci bir doru cevabmz olabilirdi. nk home at edatna kapal deildir (I am at home.); ancak, ona mahkum da deildir (I am home.). D: To edat cmleden atlmaldr. I go home at half past six.

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zm 35. Doru cevap A. Home isminin, gramerde zel bir yeri olduunu sylemitik. (Bkz. 16. soru)

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Soru

36. I ---- early, but on Sundays I stay in bed late. A) usually go up B) usually get up C) used to go up D) used to get up

zm 36. Doru cevap B.

A ve C: Sabah kalkmak get up olduuna gre, A ve C seeneklerini deerlendirme d brakabiliriz. Prices are going up (ykselmek/artmak).

D: Bu seenek gemiten bahsediyor. Halbuki cmle geni zamanda devam ediyor. Ancak, aadaki gibi bir cmle kuruluunda used to get up doru kabul edilirdi:

Soru

37. When ---- Mr Jones? A) you have met B) you did meet C) you met D) did you meet

zm 37. Doru cevap D.

Soru

zm 38. Doru cevap A. A: Bu seenekte, iki cmleyi (ana cmle ve sfat cmlesi) balayan who ilgi zamiri dm. The girls we talked to were quite happy. = The girls who we talked to were quite happy.

.b
A) we B) which we C) those we D) what we

A, B ve C: Ne A, ne B, ne de C soru kuruluuna sahip. stelik when gemite daima past tensei tercih eder, present perfect (A seenei) ile ii olmaz.

38. The girls ---- talked to were quite happy.

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ci

I used to get up early, but now I dont. (Eskiden erken kalkardm ama artk kalkmyorum/ artk bu alkanlmdan vazgetim.)

.c

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Birleik cmleyi iki bamsz cmle haline getirdiimizde: Birinci cmle: The girls were quite happy. kinci cmle: We talked to the girls. Ortak unsur: the girls Ortak unsur yerine kullanlacak ilgi zamiri: who

Who atlabilir mi?: Evet, nk kendisinden sonra zaten bir zne var, yani who atldnda talk fiili znesiz kalmyor. C: The girls diye tanmlayc / belirleyici bir artikelle ie giritikten sonra Cdeki thosea ne ihtiyacmz kald. O zaman the artikelini atalm ve cmleye Those girls... diye balayalm.

B: Which cansz varlklar ve cinsiyeti belli olmayan hayvan, bitki, bcek vs. iin kullanlr.

Ara (hatrlatc) cmle yapmak iin thosedan aadaki gibi yararlanmak mmkndr:

Ddeki what, sadece the girls ismini deil, baka isimleri de asla tanmlayamaz, tarif edemez. nk what znde bir soru kelimesidir ve ismi iinde barndrr: This is what your brother did to me. Bak gryor musun kardeinin bana yaptn. (Yaplan eyin ne olduu belli deil!)

Soru

39. Tony likes walking in the country and ---- . A) also does Mary B) so does Mary C) Mary likes also D) so Mary likes

zm 39. Doru cevap B. (country: kr, krsal blge, ehir d, sayfiye yeri) A seeneinin ilk hatas devrik bir kurulua sahip olmas. Dzgn kurulu Mary also does eklinde olmalyd. Ancak, bu defa da baka bir sorun ortaya kyor: Ksa cevap ya da karlklarda also yerine too ya da as well tercih edilir: - I have got a car. - I have too. - She is very beautiful. - Her sister is as well. B: Olumlu cmlelere ekleme yapmak iin so + yardmc fiil + zne yapsndan yararlanrz:

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The girls, you remember those (who) we sold the car, are here now. Hani u arabay sattmz kzlar var ya, ite onlar geldiler.

ci

Those girls we talked to were quite happy.

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lgi zamiri ve bal olduu sfat cmlesinin birleik cmle iindeki yeri: Birinci cmlede zneden (the girls) sonra (The girls who we talked to were quite happy.)

- I can see a ship in the distance (uzak). - So can I. nemli not: Bu nemli konuda en kk bir eksikliiniz varsa, ileride gireceiniz ngilizce snavlarda gereksiz puanlar kaybedersiniz. Onun iin hi enmeden (Bkz. 6. ve 20. sorular)

- Tony likes walking in the country. - Mary does too / as well.

- Mary likes it (= walking in the country) too / as well. - Have you eaten the rice (pilav)? - Yes, I have eaten. (x) Dorusu: 1. Yes, I have. ya da 2. Yes, I have eaten it.

Unutmaynz! ngilizcedeki ana fiilleri nesnesiz brakamazsnz:

Soru

40. ---- it is from Bristol to Glasgow! A) What long a way B) What distance C) How long way D) How far

zm 40. Doru cevap D.

.b

A: nlem cmlesi What a long way eklinde kurulmalyd: What a long way it is from Bristol to Glasgow! (Bristol - Glasgow aras ne kadar uzun bir yolmu!) Cmleyi dz halde tekrar kurmak istersek: It is a long way from Bristol to Glasgow! (Bristol Glasgow aras uzun bir yoldur!) B: ncelikle, what ve distance kelimeleri arasna a artikeli girmeli: What a distance it is from Bristol to Glasgow! (Bristol - Glasgow aras ne kadar uzak bir mesafeymi!) Ancak, bu deiiklik sonrasnda dzeltme ilemi yine de tamamlanm olmaz nk distance sadece mesafe demektir, bir yerin uzak ya da yakn oluunu anlatmaz. ngiliz dilinde bir mesafenin uzakln vurgulamak iin ounlukla a long way ya da far kelimelerinden yararlanlr.

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ci

.c

sterseniz yardmc yerine ana fiili kullanabilirsiniz fakat bu (ana) fiili tek bana brakmamak kouluyla:

om

C: Ksa karlklarda also ifadesinin i grmeyeceini sizlere A seeneinde aklamtk. C seeneinin also dnda ikinci bir hatas daha var: ksa cevap ya da karlklarda yardmc fiil kullanlr.

How far it is from stanbul to Siberia! C: (Bkz. A seenei.); C seeneinde way ismi var. How isimleri pekitirmez. Ama tek bana long sfatna/zarfna da itiraz olmaz: How long your dining table (yemek masas) is! ki bonus rnek: How happy I am to be with you! How nice it is to see you again!

Soru

41. I ---- meet her every day. A) used to B) wanted C) liked D) am not able

B, C ve D: Bu seenek de to istiyor: want + to V1

Who wouldnt want to become rich? (Kim zengin olmak istemez ki?) liked + to V1

I liked to meet her. (Onunla tanmaktan / bulumaktan (bir defaya mahsus) holandm.) liked Ving (genel anlamda bir honutluktan sz etmek istersek, like Ving alr) I liked meeting her every day. (Onunla hergn bulumak houma gidiyordu.) am/is/are not able + to V1 (= can V1)

.b

Some people are able to walk on their hands. Can - be able to farkn anlamak iin 4 altn kural:

1) Anlatlmak istenen ey, bir iin nasl yapldn bilmek (know-how) ise, able to yerine can tercih edilir: Can you dance?

2) Duyu fiilleri ile (see, hear, smell vs.) bir yetenekten sz etmek isterseniz bu ii can model fiilini kullanarak yapabilirsiniz: I can hear someone shouting (barmak). / Can you see a ship in the distance? 3) Simple present ve simple past dnda kalan zamanlarda ve ikinci bir model fiilin varl halinde can, bayra be able to kipine brakr: a) Have you been able to listen to the lecture?; b) I might be able to help you with your thesis. 4) Pasif fiillerle able to kullanlmaz: The patient cant be operated due to her old age. (The patient isnt able to be operated due to her old age. (x))

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zm 41. Doru cevap A.

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Soru

42. You said the books were on the desk but ---- there. A) there was no one B) there were none C) there were no ones D) was none

zm 42. Doru cevap B.

A: No one (hi kimse) belgisiz zamirinin kullanm insanlarla snrldr:

All my students promised that they would do their homework. But no one kept his promise. None of my students is* interested in memorising (ezberlemek) new words. None of the keys will open the safe. (Bu anahtarlardan hibiri kasay amyor.) Not:

1) Yukardaki rneklerde none bir tr miktar belirleyici sfat grevini stlenmitir.

3) Bir cmlenin geliinden, none zamirinin hangi ismin yerine getii anlalyorsa, none of + isim yapsna gerek kalmadan none tek bana i grebilir: - How many of the grammar books have you studied? - None. (= I have studied none of the grammar books.) We have been looking for a house within our means (btemize uygun) but have so far found none. (none= no house)

.b
B: there were none D: there was none

Sonsz: B seeneinde verilen none= no books. C: there were no ones:

Bu seenekte, one belgisiz zamirine -s taks eklenerek oluturulmu sakat bir yap var. No one daima tekil yapl ve tekil anlamldr. Ancak, nodan bamsz olarak sadece one, -s taks alarak belirli bir tr dierlerinden ayrmak iin kullanlabilir:

The red shirts are cheaper than the white ones (= shirts).

Dde there eksiklii hemen gze arpyor. Eer bu eksiklii giderirsek gramer yaps bakmndan karmza ikinci bir doru cevap kar (Bkz. yukardaki notun 2. maddesi):

There was none (= not one) ifadesi daha ok, (herhangi bir eyden) bir tane bile yoktu anlam verir ve pekitirme grevi stlenir.

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2) Yukarda verilen birinci rnek cmlede none tekil bir fiile balanmtr (is*). Ancak, biraz informal (resmiyet d) olmakla birlikte, ayn cmlede oul bir fiil de kullanlabilir (are). nk none, bir gruba ait bireylere/yelere teker teker iaret edebilecei gibi, o grubu btnyle de karlayabilir.

ci

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B: None (hibiri) canl-cansz ayrm gzetmeden her trl ismin yerine geebilir:

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Soru

43. Have you got a ---- , please? A) fishes tin B) fish tin C) tin of fishes D) tin of fish

zm 43. Doru cevap D. (Bkz. DBS 1/s. 41).

A ve B: Soruda, konumac bir balk konservesi (a tin of fish) istiyor. ngilizcede nce kap/kaak ismi ve daha sonra istenen eyin ismi gelir: a bottle of beer (bir ie bira) a bar of soap (bir kalp sabun) a jar of jam (bir kavanoz reel)

Not: A beer bottle bira iesi demektir. Bo ie vs. toplayan kiiler iin ya da boalm bira ielerini satp zengin olma hayalleri kuran biri iin anlam ifade edebilir. C: Fish hibir ek almadan hem tekil hem oul anlam tad iin C doru bir cevap deildir. Ama bir supermarkette, balklarn satld reyona FISHES ismi konulabilir. nk burada satlan balklar tr olarak birbirlerinden farkldr. Bir soru: a school of fish ne demektir? (Cevap 50. sorunun sonunda)

Soru

44. Johns not been to New York. ---- . A) Neither has Ben B) Ben hasnt also C) Nor is Ben D) Ben isnt too

zm 44. Doru cevap A. (Bkz. 6./20./39. sorular). B ve Dde verilen too ve also olumlu yaplarla kullanlr. Eer B seenei aadaki gibi deitirilirse, ikinci bir doru cevabmz olur: Ben hasnt either. B ve D seeneklerinin ikinci bir hatalar daha var:

.b
Nor has Ben.

B: Cmle olumluya evrilse dahi, also zarfnn ksa cevap ve karlklarda tercih edilmediini sylemitik (Bkz. 39. soru). D: Tense hatal: isnt, hasnt ile yer deitirmeli. C: Is yerine has yardmcs bir doru cevap daha getirir:

O halde, A seeneinde neither yerine nor kullanlsayd, sonu deimezdi ve A seenei yine doru cevap olurdu.

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Soru

45. How ---- have you been to America? A) much time B) many times C) long for D) long ago

zm 45. Doru cevap B.

A: Bir i iin harcanan zaman/sreyi sorgulamak amacyla aadaki gibi bir soru cmlesi kurarsanz, buna kimsenin itiraz olmaz: How much time did you spend at that stupid cafe? Fakat Amerikaya ne kadar zaman bulundun? sorusunu sorarsanz, bu, sopaya ihtiyacnz olduu anlamna gelir.

B: To have been somewhere, kiinin bir yere gittiini ama daha sonra oradan ayrldn, yani bir zamanlar orada bulunmu olduunu anlatr. I have been to Australia. (Konumac Avustralyada deil, Avustralya dnda bir yerde.) I have been to the grocer. (Bakkala gittim ve geri geldim. Artk orada deilim.) Eer bu i birden fazla kez yaplm ise, sayy belirli (two) ya da belirsiz (many) bir ekilde vermek iin times (kez, kere, defa) ifadesinden yararlanrz: How many times have you been to America? Amerikada ka kere bulundunuz?

C: Bu seenekte verilen long for ifadesinin foru gereksizdir: How long have you been in America? Ancak, how long sorusu (kal) sresini sorduu iin, soru cmlesindeki to edat yerini (yukardaki rnekte grld zere) in edatna brakmak zorundadr. For iin istisna: Soru, tekrarlardan kanlarak, ksaltlm biimiyle sorulduunda genellikle for kullanlr: - Ive been living in Istanbul. - For how long? ya da How long for? D: How long ago did you go to America? (agodan tr zorunlu tense) How long ago, how long for yapsna benzer bir kullanma sahiptir: - I once lectured (ders vermek) in Cambridge. - Oh! How long ago (was that)?

.b

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Soru

46. Tell ---- back tomorrow. A) Pam to come B) Pam come C) to Pam to come D) to Pam come

zm 46. Doru cevap A.

A: tell somebody to do something: birine bir ey yapmasn sylemek

I told my students to work hard, though I knew they wouldnt. (Yapmayacaklarn bile bile rencilerime...) ask somebody to do something: birinden bir ey yapmasn rica etmek

Sonu: Tell Pam to come here.

C ve D: Tell to edatna gerek duymadan bir isme balanabilir: I told him that I was bored (sklmak) with his silly jokes (aka). Oysaki ayn cmle yaps iinde say to edatna mahkumdur: I said to him that I was bored (sklmak) with his silly jokes (aka).

Soru

zm 47. Doru cevap C. A: Eer soru cmlesi aadaki gibi kurulmu olsayd, biraz deiiklikle A doru cevap olabilirdi: There is a letter today but it (= the letter) is not for either of you. (Bugn bir mektup geldi ama (gelen) mektup ikiniz iin de deil / mektup ne sana ne de ona.)

.b

47. There is a lot of post today but ---- you. A) its nothing for either of B) its nothing for either C) theres nothing for either of D) theres nothing for either

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B: Seenek Pam to come elinde verilmeliydi (Bkz. A seenei). Konumac Pame Yarn gel deseydi dorudan Come back tomorrow. gibi bir emir cmlesi kurard. Oysaki soru cmlesinde emir dorudan verilmemi, dolayl olarak aktarlmtr: Pama yarn gelmesini syle. Bu cmledeki mek/-mak mastar fiil olup bu fiilin ngilizcedeki karl to infinitivedir.

ci

Every night our neighbour (komu) asked us to be quiet (sessiz). Instead, we quietened (sesini kesmek) him and he is now lying in peace (huzur iinde yatmak) in Karacaahmet.

.c

Benzer bir kalp:

om

Grdnz gibi, eer mektup tek ise A seenei devreye girebiliyor. nk bu durumda it mektup yerine geebiliyor. Ancak, Ann doru olabilmesi iin baka bir deiiklik daha yaplmal: nothing (hibir ey) belgisiz zamiri cmleden atlmal, yerine sadece not olumsuzluk eki kullanlmal. (yle ya, it zamiri zaten letter yerine kullanldna gre nothinge ne gerek var!)

B ve D: Either iki unsurun varlna iaret eder ama onlar birer birer alr:

You can come on Monday or Tuesday. Either day suits me fine. (ki gnden herhangi biri bana uyar.) You can park your car on either side of the street. (Arabanz yolun istediiniz yakasna brakabilirsiniz; ister bu yakaya, ister kar yakaya.)

Either of you is going to lose. But who? kinizden biri kaybedecek. Ama kim? (Herhalde vatanda!) Either of them Either of us vs.

Either you, either them gibi yaplar of edat olmadan bir araya gelemezler:

nemli not: A seeneinde it zamiri ile ilgili yaplan aklama B seenei iin de geerlidir. C: There is a lot of post today but theres nothing (= no letter) for either of you. Bugn ok mektup var ama ikiniz iin de bir ey (= mektup) yok.

Soru

zm 48. Doru cevap C. A ve B: Neither ve nor olumsuzluk tayan ifadelerdir. Cmlede kendilerinden baka bir olumsuz yapya tahammlleri yoktur: He neither speaks nor writes English. rnekten anlalaca zere, neither or ile deil, nor ile birlikte bulunur. Bu nedenle, A seenei bir kez deil, iki kez hataldr.

.b

48. He doesnt ---- English. A) neither speak or write B) neither speak nor write C) speak or write D) speak nor write

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ci

O halde eitherdan tr, soru cmlesindeki you zamiri, tek bir kiiye deil, iki kiinin varlna iaret etmi olmaldr. O zaman da B ve D seeneklerinde sorun kar: either tekil bir unsur ama you oul bir zamir. te bu nedenle, tekilden oula geii salayacak of edat greve arlr:

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There is a letter today but its not for either of you.

D: Nor bu seenekteki haliyle hi bir zaman insan iine kamaz. Yukardaki aklamada belirttiimiz gibi, nor neither ile birlikte olmak zorundadr. Eee, ne demiler: anca beraber, kanca beraber. He is paralysed (fel geirmek). He can neither speak nor move. nemli not: Olumsuz bir ekleme ifadesi olarak nor tek bana kullanlabilir: - John doesnt speak Turkish. - Nor does his wife. Peki, burada neden nce neither kullanlmad ya da neden neither ve nor birlikte deil? Aslnda birlikteler. lk cmledeki olumsuz ifadenin neither olduunu varsayarsak: John doesnt speak Turkish. = Neither John speaks Turkish... nor da ona ekleme yapabilir: ...nor his wife.

ki cmleyi bir araya getirirken biraz da dikkatli olursak: Neither John nor his wife speaks Turkish.

sorun ortadan kalkm olur. Speaks fiili her iki zne iin de (John ve ei) ortaktr. Bu nedenle, speaks fiili, ii gerekletiren iki zneden sonra yer alr. *Peki does yardmcs nereye gitti? Her iki zne de cmle banda (yani olmas gereken yerde) kullanldklar iin yardmc fiile gerek kalmad. MERAKLISINA NOT:

Soru cmlesinde doesnt olduu yerde kalsn. Biz neither/nor ikilisi yerine either/or ikilisini kullanalm. Doru olur mu? He doesnt either speak or write English. Hayr, olmaz. nk neither nor, iki olaydan ikisinin de gereklemediini anlatmak iin yeterlidir (neither= not either ve nor= not or). Ancak, aadaki gibi bir durumda bu inadmzdan vazgeebiliriz:

.b

He either could not come or did not want to. (Ya gelemedi ya da gelmek istemedi.)

rnekte iki olumsuz var ama bunlardan sadece biri gereklemi. Bunlardan hangisinin gerekletii bilinmedii iin, either or ikilisi birbirlerini dansa kaldrabilmiler. Haydi hayrls!

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Soru

49. Is that the man ---- yesterday? A) you met B) has met you C) youve met D) met you

zm 49. Doru cevap A.

A: Bu seenekte who ilgi zamiri dm. lgi zamirinden (who/that/which/whom) sonra bir zne varsa, ilgi zamirini atarak ksaltma yapabileceimizi biliyorsunuz. (Bkz. 38. soru)

= Is that the man you met yesterday? B: ki hata var:

2) Fiilin (has met) znesi olmadna gre, who ilgi zamirini dremezsiniz. D: lgi zamiri eksik.

Is that the man who met you yesterday? (Bu adam dn seninle tanan kii mi?) Soru 50. The restaurant had plenty of tables but ---- . A) one only empty B) only one empty C) no one empty D) no ones empty zm 50. Doru cevap B.

.b
... one only empty B: Hata dzeldi: ... only one empty

Ada sz dizini hatas var. Only, one (masay) vurgulamaktr, empty sfatn deil.

... bir tane sadece bo

... sadece bir tane bo C ve D: Ksa hatrlatma: No one insanlar iin kullanlr. Ayrntl aklama iin 42. soruya mutlaka geri dnnz.

zm 43te sorduumuz sorunun cevab: a school of fish = balk srs

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47 www.bademci.com

C: Zaman uyumsuzluu var.

ci

1) Yesterday ile present perfect yan yana gelmez.

.c

Is that the man who you met yesterday? (Bu adam dn tantn kii mi?)

om