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UBUNTU LESSON 8
terminal
Ubuntu,
- pwd ls.
terminal
DOS Windows . terminal
.
terminal terminal Applications Accessories
.

terminal ,
command prompt :
michail@Ubuntu:~$
command prompt (michail)
terminal .
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 .
@
Unix. (Ubuntu)

.
( : )
directories.
( ~ ) directory .
~ /home/michail.
, ( $ )
root.
root $ #.
command prompt
shell. Shell
(kernel).
terminal . shell text
.
shell DOS,
. DOS
, shell
.
shell terminal
, shells .
Ubuntu BASH (Bourne Again Shell).
PDKSH ZSH.
Ubuntu
. BASH scripts.
shell , BASH,
.
terminal.
. , Windows
,
Applications . Linux
.
shell.
,
.
BASH shell
. BASH shell .
,
BASH .

Ubuntu. echo $PATH directories
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 BASH . directories
.

,
BASH shell. home directory.

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 ./ . BASH
directory home directory .

Ubuntu
directories root directory ( / ).
,
.
forward slash ( / ) directory
.
Terminal,
File directory . pwd
directory .

michail log in , pwd

directory
. default directory
.
, .
ls.
directory .

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 directory michail,
Places --> Home Folder Nautilus (
Ubuntu) home .

ls directory.

ls .
(switches)
.
ls, man . Unix

. man .
man unix .

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 , ENTER
manual .
manual , SPACE BAR .

. .
-a, all :

( . ) .
directory.
administrators
( . ).
( ) ls -a ( . )
( .. ). ( . ) directory ,
( .. ) directory directory
home.

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-A, almost-all : ( . ) ( ..
) ls - .

-d, --directory : ls directory (

),
directory. -d --directory

directory.

-l : directories
(
) ( : d directory, l link),
( ), (hard links)
( ),
, , ,
, .

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. -a l ls .
( )
. hard links
. hard links
.
directory.

-F : ls,

directory, socket, pipe, symbolic link.
. .
,
.

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 @ Examples directory.
/ directory
@ symbolic link
= socket
| pipe
* executable file (binary)

--author : --author
-l .
michail .

-c -t: o . c , -t .

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-r :
. Terminal
.
ls
- r.

-x : .
, directory
Examples .

-m : O -m .
directory Examples
.

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-R : directories (hard links)

(symbolic links).
directory Examples ls -R.

--color={never, always, auto} : --color

directories ls
. directory Examples symbolic link
directories hard links.

ls.
( ) directory
.


Michail.Kassapoglou@free-lessons.org
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