2009-03-28 1 ThS.

Vo Trng Sn
uong truen tam nhin thang
(Line-ol-Sight Propagation)
Co 3 yeu to anh hng chnh en ng truyen vi ba so:
Suy hao trong khong gian t do
Cac anh hng cua kh quyen
Cac anh hng cua a hnh
2009-03-28 2 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Truen song trong khong gian tu do
Khi song ien t lan truyen trong khong gian, nang lng cua
no b suy giam, goi la suy hao trong khong gian t do:
P
t
= Cong suat tn hieu tai Anten phat
P
r
= Cong suat tn hieu tai Anten thu
= Bc song cua song ien t
d = Khoang cach gia 2 anten
c = van toc anh sang ( 3 x 10
8
m/s)
Trong o d va c o cung n v (v du: met)
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
4 4
c
fd d
P
P
r
t

= =
2009-03-28 3 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Su hao trong khong gian tu do
Suy hao trong khong gian t do tnh theo dB:
|
.
|

\
|
= =

d
P
P
L
r
t
dB
4
log 20 log 10
( ) ( ) dB 98 . 21 log 20 log 20 + + = d
( ) ( ) dB 56 . 147 log 20 log 20
4
log 20 + =
|
.
|

\
|
= d f
c
fd
2009-03-28 4 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Su hao trong khong gian tu do
Neu khoang cach tnh theo Km, tan so tnh theo GHz
th suy hao trong khong gian t do tnh theo dB la:
( ) ( ) dB log 20 log 20 4 , 92 d f L
dB
+ + =
2009-03-28 5 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Anh huong cua kh quen
S hap thu cua kh quyen
S khuc xa
Hieu ng ong da n
2009-03-28 6 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Su hap thu cua kh quen
Trong kh quyen co cac thanh phan:N
2 ,
O
2,
CO
2
va H
2
O
Cac thanh phan N
2 ,
O
2,
CO
2
co mc o hap thu nang lng ie n t
khong ang ke.
Mc o hap thu cua nc tuy thuoc vao ieu kien cu the va tang dan
khi lng nc trong khong kh tang len. ac biet, khi tri ma rat to,
s hap thu co the gay gian oan thong tin.
2009-03-28 7 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Su khuc xa
Khong kh cang len cao cang loa ng (chiet suat giam), nen song
ien t co xu hng be cong ve mat at.
ieu nay lam cho ng truyen thc xa hn tam nhn thang.
Co the gay ra hien tng Fading nhieu ng.
1r liOU !lUOrQ
1r liOU klUC xC
2009-03-28 8 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Hieu ung ong dan
Hieu ng ong dan xuat hien khi song ien t ri vao vung khong kh
ac nam gia hai vung khong kh loang.
Luc nay say ra hien tng phan xa toan phan va song ien t
khong ti c anten thu
KlOrQ kl lOCrQ
KlOrQ kl lOCrQ
KlOrQ kl UCC
2009-03-28 9 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Anh huong cua d]a hinh
S phan xa mat at
Cac mien fresnel
Hien tng tan xa va suy hao vat chan
2009-03-28 10 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Su phan xa cua mat dat
Mot phan nang lng ie n t en mat at, phan xa tr lai
khong gian va co the ti c anten thu.
ieu nay co the gay ra hien tng Fading nhieu ng.
1r liOU !lUOrQ
1r liOU jlCr xC
2009-03-28 11 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Mien Fresnel sach
Mien Fresnel sach la khu vc toi thieu khong co
vat chan e song ien t co the truyen qua.
Hien tng phan xa hoac suy hao vat chan se xay
ra neu mien fresnel khong sach.
2009-03-28 12 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Mien Fresnel sach
Khi vat chan nam ngoai mien Fresnel (mien Fresnel sach), nang lng
phan xa ve anten thu la be so vi nang lng trc tiep. Hien tng
Fading la khong ang ke.
1r liOU !lUOrQ
1r liOU jlCr xC
2009-03-28 13 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Mien Fresnel khong sach
Khi vat chan nam ngay ng bien mien Fresnel (mien Fresnel khong
sach), nang lng phan xa ve anten thu la ln va ngc pha so vi
nang lng trc tiep.
Hien tng Fading nhieu ng xay ra.
1r liOU !lUOrQ
1r liOU jlCr xC
2009-03-28 14 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Tnh toan mien Fresnel sach
F
D1 D2
F = 17.3
D1 X D2
f x D
D = D1 + D2 (km)
f : tan so song ien
t, GHz
2009-03-28 15 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Hien tuong tan xa va su hao vat chan
hinh nem
Trong trng hp co vat chan hnh nem ri vao mien Fresnel,
song ien t van co the ti c Anten thu bang cach lut tren
be mat vat chan.
Khi o nang lng b suy hao mot lng ang ke goi la suy hao
vat chan hnh nem.
Hien tng ta n xa
2009-03-28 16 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Truen song qua vat chan hinh nem
1r liOU !Cr xC
2009-03-28 17 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Hien tuong Fading trong vi ba so
Fading la hien tng bien thien nang lng ien
t tai anten thu do moi trng truyen song gay ra.
Co hai loai Fading:
Fading phang: la loai fading xay ra vi tat ca cac kenh
tan so.
Fading la chon tan so : ch xay ra vi mot kenh tan so
ma khong xay ra vi kenh lan can.
2009-03-28 18 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Hien tuong Fading trong vi ba so
Cac hien tng gay ra Fading phang: nc trong
khong kh, hieu ng ong da n.
Cac hien tng gay ra Fading la chon tan so :
hien tng khuc xa gay ngc pha.
2009-03-28 19 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Khac phuc hien tuong Fading
Vi Fading phang:may phat phat mot lng co ng
suat d e bu cho hien tng fading khi xay ra.
Lng cong suat phat d goi la o d tr fading
Vi Fading la chon tan so: S dung ky thuat
phan tap.
2009-03-28 20 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
K thuat phan tap (Diversit)
Phan tap khong gian (Space Diversity)
Phan tap tan so (Frequency Diversity)
2009-03-28 21 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Phan tap khong gian
Transmitter Receiver
Tx
Rx
Rx
C
2009-03-28 22 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Phan tap khong gian
S dung 1 anten phat, mot may phat va 2 anten thu,
hai may thu.
2 Anten thu at cach nhau mot khoang u ln ve o
cao.
Neu hien tng fading la chon tan so xay ra tai 1
anten th khong xay ra tai anten con lai.
Do o ta co c t nhat mot tn hieu khong fading.
2009-03-28 23 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Phan tap tan so
Receiver
Tx1
f1
Tx2
f2
Rx1
f1
Rx2
f2
Transmitter
2009-03-28 24 ThS.Vo Trng Sn
Phan tap tan so
S dung 1 anten phat, 2 may phat 2 tan so khac
nhau va 1 anten thu, hai may thu hai tan so o.
2 tan so cach nhau mot khoang u ln.
Neu hien tng fading la chon tan so xay ra tai 1 tan
so th khong xay ra tai tan so con lai.
Do o ta co c t nhat mot tn hieu khong fading.