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  • Bottom Up

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    Najah Mazni Ishak
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    Reader Processes decode print letter-by-letter, wordby-word, clausebyclause; reconstruct spoken messages from print. To free space in working memory, readers must automatize component skills. Readers are autonomous (if not isolated) readers viewed as mental processors.

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    Reader Processes decode print letter-by-letter, wordby-word, clausebyclause; reconstruct spoken messages from print. To free space in working memory, readers must automatize component skills. Readers are autonomous (if not isolated) readers viewed as mental processors.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    6 views4 pages

    Bottom Up

    Uploaded by

    Najah Mazni Ishak
    Reader Processes decode print letter-by-letter, wordby-word, clausebyclause; reconstruct spoken messages from print. To free space in working memory, readers must automatize component skills. Readers are autonomous (if not isolated) readers viewed as mental processors.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 4

    Orientation and Conceptual Framework

    Driven mainly by textual elements: Readers construct mental translation of text piece by piece. Discrete and primarily linear: Grapheme (Phoneme) Meaning

    Aims

    Account for how readers construct meaningful messages from discrete (structural) elements that underlie text.

    Focal areas

    Emphasis on how readers read Emphasis on lower-order subskills

    Reader Processes

    Decode print letter-by-letter, wordby-word, clause-by-clause; reconstruct spoken messages from print. Controlled processing - Automatic processing Word recognition Comprehension Re-association

    Key areas of Knowledge

    Graphology, phonemics, phonology, morphology, the lexicon, grammar.

    Role of Memory

    Important: To free up space in working memory, readers must automatize component skills.

    Readers

    Readers are autonomous (if not isolated) Readers viewed as mental processors.

    Instructional Parallels

    Phonic-based instruction

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