Chuyen e 2 :

HE PHNG TRNH AI SO
TOM TAT GIAO KHOA

I. He phng trnh bac nhat nhieu an 1. He phng trnh bac nhat hai an a. Dang :
a1 x + b1 y = c1 a2 x + b2 y = c2

(1)

Cach giai a biet: Phep the, phep cong ... b. Giai va bien luan phng trnh : Quy trnh giai va bien luan Bc 1: Tnh cac nh thc : a b1 D= 1 (goi la nh thc cua he) = a1b2 a 2 b1 a 2 b2
Dx =
Dy =

c1 c2
a1 a2

b1 b2

= c1b2 c 2 b1

(goi la nh thc cua x) (goi la nh thc cua y)

c1 = a1c 2 a 2 c1 c2

Bc 2: Bien luan
D x= x D Neu D 0 th he co nghiem duy nhat y = Dy D Neu D = 0 va D x 0 hoac D y 0 th he vo nghiem

Y ngha hnh hoc:

Neu D = Dx = Dy = 0 th he co vo so nghiem hoac vo nghiem

Gia s (d1) la ng thang a1x + b1y = c1 (d2) la ng thang a2x + b2y = c2 Khi o: 1. He (I) co nghiem duy nhat (d1) va (d2) cat nhau 2. He (I) vo nghiem (d1) va (d2) song song vi nhau 3. He (I) co vo so nghiem (d1) va (d2) trung nhau

Ap dung:

5 x 2 y = 9 V du1: Giai he phng trnh: 4 x + 3 y = 2 mx + y = m + 1 V du 2: Giai va bien luan he phng trnh : x + my = 2 mx + 2 y = 3 V du 3: Cho he phng trnh : x + my = 1
Xac nh tat ca cac gia tr cua tham so m e he co nghiem duy nhat (x;y) thoa x >1 va y > 0

II. He phng trnh bac hai hai an: 1. He gom mot phng trnh bac nhat va mot phng trnh bac hai hai an: x + 2 y = 5 V du : Giai he: 2 2 x + 2 y 2 xy = 5 Cach giai: Giai bang phep the 2. He phng trnh oi xng : a.nh ngha: o la he cha hai an x,y ma khi ta thay oi vai tro x,y cho nhau th he phng trnh khong thay oi. b.Cach giai: Bc 1: at x+y=S va xy=P vi S 2 4 P ta a he ve he mi cha hai an S,P. Bc 2: Giai he mi tm S,P . Chon S,P thoa man S 2 4 P . Bc 3: Vi S,P tm c th x,y la nghiem cua phng trnh : X 2 SX + P = 0 ( nh ly Viet ao ). Chu y: Do tnh oi xng, cho nen neu (x0;y0) la nghiem cua he th (y0;x0) cung la nghiem cua he Ap dung: V du : Giai cac he phng trnh sau : x 2 + xy + y 2 = 4 xy + x + y = 11 x + y + xy = 7 2) 2 3) 2 1) 2 2 x + y 3 x 3y = 16 xy + x + y = 2 x y + xy = 30

x 2 y + xy 2 = 30 x 2 + y 2 = 13 5) 3 4) x + y 3 = 35 3( x + y ) + 2 xy + 9 = 0