You are on page 1of 94

L61T~61T~~~mm

Psychological

.L61Tm1W6U

lflTir

~~®~~m
Approach

Counselling

rfL6\9 SlwcfffiJts
B.A. Dip. In Social Work

P.G. Dip. in Counselling, MSW

ff>u5llJlfT 8;a;w
~. 6T6U. 6TLb. Q!])6TTUIT B.A. Dip. In Counselling, Dip. in Psychology (Hons) U.K

International War-related Trauma and Humanitarian (IWTHI Trust)

Intervention

Trust

CflDJIUU®rlD
~~
International War-related Trauma and Humanitarian Intervention Trust (IWTHI Trust) 12- Ill, Ascott Avenue, Colombo-5. Tel:all 250 5803, 0112552417 Fax: all 250 5960 E-mail: iwthitst@sltnet.lk

++

1L6'trIiillUJ6U

8'rr fr

1L6'tr6lJ6'tr ~{5J6In

6/jlff

~~(f!j(!JJ

6In f!J

Psychological
6T~1LI6llrT

Counselling

Approach
8'(!pa;

U!Jft,~

6lJ1T(!9LD

uu6lSIIfl LDIDalILD L6TT6lJ 6TT!'ii 6U'l6lR1T!'ii Q~ITWl6Ul6i> ~ FF(BUIT(B Qa;1T 6lIIir(B6Tr6TT .!)l6U'l6llT 6lJ(!98;@)LD

rflL..G&

!2UJtflr§J.$

B.A. Dip. In Social Work

P.G. Dip. in Counselling, MSW {!;W1wrr .$$LD f!l,.6T6U.6TW. GI!66'trufr BA Dip. In Counselling, Dip. in Psychology(Hons) U.K

~ft,

LPJ1T6Ul6U'l6llT.9I6lir4L6lir

8'LDiruUl8;.$l6lir~!D6IlT.

&IL..fWlL

6lJliI-6lNiIIlLDuLj

LDrjJ[f)JW !L6YrWfWlLDULj

.$WQ[

tf/6In6VUJW,

077

301

3046

Printed by CRC Printers 119, U niversi ty Road, Rattanapitiya Boralesgamuwa, SriLanka

<:!)fGir fJJtr L

6lJ tt t:P

6l51GiJ LD~ fD Gir

C!p CIjfiJ Q CIjt ® 8i@jW f t

cf/8i CIj iJCIj IT, G6


QCljrT6IT~W w~fDWl8i@j LuS/tf}UJGiJ

OJ[T8=.!)~GM Clj6IT 6T6W5W iJfJJ~6lJ. r;;;riJu@w

<:!)f6lJiJ~fJJ8i

®~fJJi;~8i 8'r:!jJCIj, L6YT,

LUrTUJ 6lJIf!UJrT CIj1lL6YT6lJ6YT i;~~5W~UJ8i

@jrDJUOJUiiUrTW.

6T{i;fDQ@JrT(I!j L6YT8= .!)8iCljGiJCIj~w

6l51§§ rTGMW 6TGirfJJ <:!)fL!J-UU~LuS/GiJ <:!)f~LDUJ6IJrT W. @ilGiJ @(I!j{i;~ clJ@UL C!PL!J-UJrTLDroiJ 8'r:!jJCljW UUJrf.Ja;[TLDrTGMOJ[T8=m~GMCljGYf)roiJ~6W@
fD6l518i£JGir fJJ~. OJ[T8=.!)~GMILJL~ @ruQJ6YT 8= cf/8iCljGiJCIj~6YT fD~i;~8i i; 6lJ(l!jW ffl(l!j@J(I!j$@j QCljrT6IT@JfDiJ@j L6YT@J6YT ~~6m"u5J~

uriu@j <:!)fd/UJrT@JmUJLDrT Clji; (]~@JUU@~fJJ~· ~(I!j~LUJ U~


L6'iT6YTrTlr{i;fD 8'8;~UJ @JIf!CljrT5W8= <:!)fi;ilUJrT6lJ.!iUJLDrT CIj r:!jJ6IJW ~[TrTCIj(]@J OJ[T8=&GM8;@j

~GYf)8; QCljrT5Wlr@JfD~
IlLrorr6YT. ~ 1lL6YT@J6YTi;~~5W 1lL6YT@J6YT i;~~5W

Q8'UJ@JfDiJ@j ~(I!j 1lL6YT@J6YT ~~6m"UJrT6YTrf)~ i;

uiJrDJUJ @{i;.!bIrTGiJ 6TGM~ CljGir~u

6l51(]8'LLDrTCIj 6TGM~ @JrTt:P8i~CljuS/GiJ


<:!)f~@jc!p~fJJClj6IT

r;;;riJUL.L

U~LUUrT®W. OJ[T8=cf/~GMCIj~8i@j

OJ[T(]UJrT CljUU@i;fDUUL.LfDGir 8'r:!jJCljUU~ Q])rf)QJ~[TClj6'iT

r:!jJ6IJW [DrTGir Clj6WL <:!)fWlU@JW @fDGir Q@JGYf)UUrTLrT@jW. <:!)fi;~LGir (]fDmUJ 8'r:!jJCIj <:!)fOJclJ(l!jd/ [DLrTi;:tJUJfDGir 6TGM~{J56l1iGM. @{i;.!bIrTGiJ W6IJ lr@JfDiJ@j (] fD'!)UJ 8' r:!jJCIj <:!)fOJclJ(l!ji; il U~UUrT6YTir [DrTUJCljW LL.UL

{@!J)J@JClji;:tJroiJ 1lL6YT@J6YT i;~~5W,


QuiJfJJ

CljiJ~CIj Q[DrDJCljGYf)roiJ R'@UrT@ QCljrT6W@ WrT5W@JlrClj~8;@j r:!jJ6IJW [DrT~

<:!)fWlU@JffiJClj6IT @{i;.!bIrT~6IJUJrT8iClj

rfJ !J)J6lJCIji;:tJGir
Clj6iJcl) 8'rT[TrT

CljGiJ6l51UL

8'~U,

VII

~ySlUJrr$sfr, ~~wiFcflw

Wrr6m"6lJ Wrr6m"ru/$sfr Qa=UJrDl)rrrorrrr rr$@w ~

{l){w3 ~~~!:pUOJixf!J

[5rrrair 6Trair!J)JW a=e!:P$ [5rDl)wyrfl

G[5rr8;(f!jW ru1LUJ ~c6lQ.fw


(yJW

Q$rr~L

6TGISf~ Wrr6m"GlJrair !J(!!j. &!,.6TGiJ.6TW.


Q ustr ySlUJrr 8; $W

$LUUrr(j)J~LUJGlJGlSfrr$ rC~L
uUJ6m"i;!JeD(f!j

@(!!juGUW.

~i;fPJLW

Q[5rorr Urr {l)u51!:p a: rDl)$i; {fleD (f!j @£i;~rr ~rDl)


ui GISf W

Qa=UJUJ

iLrorrGlJrorri;fPJ~6m" UeDc6lUJ6TGISf~

~$

Q$rr(j)Ji;~

L{l)ru1 iLsfrrorrGlSfrr. @GlJrr$sfr


a, rorruitt

GlJ£i; W U rr fJrr LL i; {l)8; $ ~ W fDrr(f!j W . ~GlJ(!!j 8; (f!j 6TGISf fPJ {l)~ rr rr £i;{l) [56ir crfI $ 6'ir a, rfIi; {l) rr $ L (j)J ii». @ ~ G U rr rDl) GlJ cf) rDl) G
Qa=UJ~ iL{l)ru1UJ !J(!!j. @ffiJ(f!j ~rairyLrair 6TW.6T6"IiJ.6TW. ~6"IiJu51UJrr6"IiJ !EJ~GlSfQ.f 8in.!J)J.$)~fDw. !EJ!J)JGlJGISf i;jleD(f!jw

~i; {l) ~GISf G U rr $@8; (f!j W 6TGISf fPJ LrfJi;{l)rr $L(j)JW.


@£i;~rr~rDl) 6Tc!::p~GlJ{fI~W,

rr £i;{l) [5W

crfI

6TW !J)JG ui

!J(!!ji;{l)ffiJ$~rorriF ~rr$~rorrlLfw

LrorrGlJrorri;~~6m"UJrrrorrGlSfrr$ Q$rrC!:£lwy U~~rDl)$a;!:p$MlGiJ Lrorr6lJrorri;~~6m" $eD$

6TGISf~ 1995w

@£i;!WT~ rDl) ~iFcf)(j)JGlJ{l)eD(f!j (yJwGlJ£i; {l) IWTHI ~{l)rair !EJ~fDGGlJeD!J)Ju u61%luurrrorrrr 6lS'/]a=LWrr$ [5rair~~rorr

Q{l)rrySl~rDl) Qa=@.Jru(]GISf a=UJGlJ{l)eD(f!jW Q [5rrw @~GlJ~fJ

GWeDQ$rr~L

jI(!!j. fJrriJ (f!jwrrrr ~GlJrr$@8;(f!jW 6JQGISf<Dlff)GiJ @{w3 !ffirr~rDl) u51$Q.fw ~rrGlJw $6m"GllflWUJUU(j)JMl

$~$ ~~(j)J
Q{l)rr(f!jtJ

Q[5c6l$sfr iL~UJ~Lrair,

8in.fD G~lS/-lLfsfrrorr~.
6Trair!J)J8in.61UJ Gurr~

ULLUOJrair

UlS/-uy "lS/-uGrorrrrwrr"

urrLQ[5c6luSlGiJ (yJ{l)rDl)rrGlJ~ GlJrrUJUY8;

Q6lJGYfluSlLGGlJ~(j)Jw
@{l)eD$rr$

$rrLlS/u51$Q.fw iL~UJ

Wrr6m"GlJrr$@LW @~~fDuSlGiJ

a=$rDl) [5LGlJlS/-8;~$$~rorrILfW @fE.!ffirr~rDl) cf}fJWW urrfJrr~

GWeD Q$rr~L~W

.$)~UJ~W

6Trair~GISf G[5fJlS/-UJrr$GGlJFF(j)JUrr(j)JQ$rrsfrrorriF iFcf) Gurrrair fD Q{l)rr ySlrDiJ 6TrairGlSf rrrDiJWfD8;$ e!:P{l)c6l@jrr$~rorr

UfJrrLL~~.

Qa=UJ{5G1Sf. ru1rfJQ.f~fJUJ trer rr $rru51<Dlff)~y~fJrr GlJrr~ esnouure« iLrorrGlJrorr;~~6m" i (yJlS/-UJrr~. ~$QUJC!:£l~u


(yJw

6TW~ !EJ!J)J6lJGlSfi;!Jrair a=rDiJruJ Q ~rr. 8in.fD8;$L~WUUL(j)JsirGrorrrair.

{l)rr6l{JGllfl ~rr$@8;(f!jW

[5rrrair [5rairc6l

OJfJ~~rorr

urrrr~GlJuSlL(j)J ueo $(!!j~$a;~rorr


ui

~6lJi; {l) !J(!!j. !EJ6"IiJ6YIJ {l) fJi;[5 rrUJ8;$ WeD!J)JW !J(!!jW {fl. rr £i;

r§ BrrDl)r r

~i;~LW

iLffiJ$rorr~

!EJUJrrUJwrrGlSf$(!!ji;~8;$sfr,

ru1wrra=GlSfffiJ$~rorr

Ga=GlSfrr[5rrUJ8;$~rr$@8;(f!jW

6TGISf~ [5rairc6l6Trair!J)JW iLrfJi;{l)rr$L(j)JW. a=e!:P$U ulD1f1ff'IUJrrrorrrr $sfr WfD8;$ (yJlS/-UJrr{l) a=e!:P$ ru1r§@jrrGlSf $rDiJru1u $eD!J)Ji; G{l)rr£i;{l) cflfDUyu

[5rrrair GlJ[JGGlJ#I~fDrair.

6TW~ [5rr LlS/-rair Q{l)rr ySlrDiJ6lJrr~~wUJrrGlSf a=ffiJ$W 6T@i;~i; ~rair fDrr(f!jw. iL(!!j(f!j~6m" ~OJru1(!!ji;jI

rfIL. r,;J) trl UJcf) riJ $


OJfJjlu ulD1f1ff'Iuurrrorrrr G{l)cflUJ a=e!:P$ ~OJru/(!!ji;jI @rDl)ffiJ~$ !EJ!J)JGlJ$WweD!J)Jw G{l)cflUJi; {l)~rDl)GlJrr a=e!:P$ u61%luurrrorrrr Qurr~iFa=ffiJa;w Q{l)rrySlrDiJGlJrr~~w

fPJ~fD8;(f!j 6TW~GISf i; ~rr~(j)JGlJ~

U UrDiJ$~rDl)8;$!:P$
~{l)W 6TW<Dlff)LW
~$a;

OJrfJru1w {l)~rDl)GlJrr iLLUL

ru1rfJQ.f~fJUJrrrorrrr $sfr WeD!J)JWa=e!:P$

urr L Q[5c6l$~rorr

ULL{l)rrrfJ wrr6m"GlJrr$~rorrlLfw
(yJlS/-UJrr~. @Gllrr$sfr @fE.!ffirr~rDl)

@ffiJ(f!j 6TWGlSfrrrDiJ !EJ~GlSfQ.f 8in.fDrr!J(!!j8;$ jJ{l)(yJW 6Trair~GISf !W!$a;UU(j)J~

"@?UJfJffiJa;"

y6"IiJQrDl)GiJfPJ(j)JGlJ,
wfPJ$w,

Qa;rr6m"C2L @(!!jfD{l)GlSfrr.
(]GlJ~rDl)U u@u518;a; ~(!!j @fD{l) Uja;i;!JrDiJ iLrorrGlJrorr;fPJ~6m"~UJ8; i cfl!J)J ur!iJ$rrGlJ~ ~eD!J)J(]6lJrrw 6TwfD a;eDa;

(yJ~GISf(]6lJrr(!!j8;(f!j

[5W
IX

VIII

~~

rwTIiill@W C£.

Q 8' 1Ll!D II!D <DiTuSl8> C£(YJ ~!D uf)6iJ U ILl <DiTu(j}i dJ II

(D<DiT~ us

ILl~Lru[Jrr @~~rrro61<DiT

UIILJL-Itf)~W~1Ll SLfb6lf)1Ll

6T W8>@i

Iiill!J)(~I<'£)1Ll ~rr@Jrr £)<DiTrJ!D rr W. @~t!)I~!Duf)6iJ

cfJrAlLl@8>@iW,
6TW~

fbuSl!:Prr8>c£dJi1!D@i ~t5)ut5)[JlLlrrlLlrfuC£C§W,

1I@.Q{DrDfTurDiJ

~liillfrc£C§8>@iW rJLDSllw

LDrwTwc£!D6f) ~fb {D<DiT r61c£~rDfT QfbrA6lSI~~8>Qc£rr6ir rulLDfr 8'rwTrfuC£C§W


SL

eatt 8'c£fr c£mi<DiT 6TW~W ~1iill!D

U@JU U (j}i i> fb (DrrLLg-6iJ 6)"!iJu(j}iw urrrAlLl 6)"!D u(j}i.$!<DiT !D ~<DiT !Drr L
{D@J8>@i~!Durr(j}ic£c§w C£rr [J6"@S[rfuC£rDfTrr ~~ C£ ~rwTfr ~fbrfuC£roir LDL(j}iW<DiTr6I, SLrDfT~rJ[Jrr8>.$!lLlw LD8>C£rDfT!)I t
SL

fb blJ W

6T

rn !D

{DUHf!

ci; ~ C£rJ ILl rr (j}i

~!D

LD~fbliillrrI:P6lSI6iJ urrll8>C£UUL

SLrfuC£miLL.J5)@~~

liillualiill!iJ£)rJ!Drrw.

t5) [J 8= cfJ~ rwTC£6ir , LD!D !f)J W 8' rr fb rr [J 6"@S[ SL L 6iJ


ffl@liillrA<DiT rDfT {D@JdJ ~ fb rJ u@)lliillll6iJ

LD.$!<DiT!Dt!)I.

(YJ~t61 !iJ£)rdr!D (YJ8>£) ILl u6Wf) ILl rr rDfT C£rDfT £)1Ll ~!D!f)JU fr rr u(j}i~~rwT fr C£C§8>@iW (Counsellors), LD!D!f)JW SLrDfTliillrDfT ~~~6"@S[rJlLlrr(j}i t5)<DiT~ut5)~6"@S[~~6irrDfT ~ eu i> f;I UJfr C£6ir, 8' f:!:PC£i> Q fb rr 661fr L fr C£6ir, 8' f:!:P C£U u ~ UJ rr etr fr C£6ir rJ u rr <DiTrJ!Drr@8>@jW SL fbliill8> 8"m.lJ1- UJ fbuS'JfPQ W rr ySlf:!:P@J SL etteuetr dJ~~6"@S[ [pJrr6iJc£6ir uS'JC£8>@j~!Dliillrr C£rJliill 6T LD~ t5)[JrJfb8'rfuC£mi6iJ £)~L8>dJrdr!DrwT. @~ fb ~ rwT 8>c£@dJII!D Qc£ rr 661fr (j}i U@J SL ett 8= 8' f:!:PC£6lSI UJ 6iJ [pJrr rDiJ C£~ rDfT QIiill6Yf)uf)L(j}i @dJ~61fi!Duf)6iJ ~WUIiillW QU!D!D !J!f)JliillrwTW 6T<DiT!D (YJ ~!D uf) 6iJ, 6T LD~ 8' iI IiillrJfb 8' ILf i> fb Iiill(j}i LD !D !f)J W LD ~ fb rr t5) W rr rwT fb~@JuJL(j}i t61!f)JliillrwTW (IWTHI Trust), rJfb!lUJ 8'f:!:Pc£ ~t5)6lSI@~i! t61!f)JIiillC£ t5)[J ~~

International War-related Trauma and Humanitarian Intervention Trust (IWTHI Trust) l2-l/l,AscotAvenue, Colornbo-S. Tel: 0112505803,0112552417 Fax: 011 250 5960
E-mail: iwthirstts'sltnet.lk

lIu u6Wf)u

rrrDfT@w
(YJ ~!D"

SL etteustt

dJ~~6"@S[

UJrrrDfT@LDrr.$!UJ

II@.

uflL ~

fJllLl cfJr§Jc£ cfJrfu c£ 6'fT ~ 116iJ eu Lg-Iiill~ 6"@S[ ~W(!!j (j}i1iilli!6iJ QU@~LDUJ~L.$!rdr!D~'

LDdJ fb "L6'fT ruJ UJ 6iJ 8' rr fr L 6'fT euetr

6T<DiT!D ~ rr ~ @J fbuSl

W Qw

i>

rr Wluf)6iJ

QIiill6Yf)uf)

IWTHI
LD rr eu

Trust

!J!f)JliillrwTLDrrrwTt!)I

L L ffiJ c£ 6Yf) llW S

FF(j}iUl.:_(j}iIiill@$)rdr!D~.

C£Lr6fb B Iiill@Lr§JC£rDfTrrC£ U@J U <iiV rJ 1iill!f)J U L L SL rDfT 8' f:!:P c£ 9 U ~ C£6ff) <iiV ~fbrdr ffl@ ~rfuc£LDrrc£ @@Jrfu~C£u5)6iJ c£rr6"@S[uu(j}iw

Uuf)!D!DUULL ~!D!f)JUU(j}i~~rwTfr c£mi<DiT u!D!Drr 8>(!!j~!D~UJ t61liillfr dJi! Q8' uj 1Lf(YJc£LDrr C£ Qfb<DiT .$!!:p8> @jU u6iJc£~@JC£ !:pC£dJ~L <DiT @~6"@S[ ~t!)I
~[Jrr661fr (!!j!f)J (j}ic£rr@J Iiill(!!jU ILfW u~!Du uuf)tjJ
(YJ

eIl~UJILfW,

06

LDrrfbc£rr@J

C£rDfT uuf)!DcfJ~UJ U

Qc£ rr 661fr L

Lg-urJrDfT rr LDrr U rr L Q{D!DI~UJ

ffiJ c£ tt eo

~WLDrr6"@S[liillfr UUJW6irrDfTfbrrc£

U uf) tjJ ell c£ ~ ea ILf W C£C§LUL t!)I~!D8'rrfr~fb


~~LDlLfw
6TrwT

rn Q rwT (j}ii> ~
U@J@8>(!!jw

uub, U@J 9 Q 8' <iiV dl !D~. @~~rr6iJ uS'JC£blJW

rn

{DwLj£)<DirrJ!Drrw.

@~~rr~@J

Iiillrr8'c£frc£6ir

XI

tr ~

@JIT 8; C@j8; @j

6)" a

fb ff)J

W c:!){afiGlf)

615)615T @ rE@rrGiJ

Qu

iJ [J)/8;

Q8;rr(j}l8;@jQw,;?iT!Drr6iJ IlL 6YT@J6YT if;f9l6l5)~ c:!){@)l@jc!::p6I5)!D 6T~!D @fDfb ~ 8;8; if;t/6I5)615T 6TW f9l
@ fb~ e!fJ1Ol)W 6T615T f9l Q 8; tt roYr @J/lGiJ

[Drr~

c:!){;$J6iJ;$J®u;$JUJ6I5)LfDfb@J615T rraGlJ~. if;t/[Jw IlLGYT@JGYTif;f9l6l5)G"6crT QfbrrflilGVJ6iJ


6)" rjJ[J)/8;

GJSJaa:Lwrr 8; um.: W [Ja UJ tt £18;8; U au Qa:tin@Jrr®8;8;rr615T

c:!){!6i6lJ
tt t/UJ

uut

a: e!fJ8; if;;$J rjJ@j 615)8;UJGYf)8;@jW @fDfb a@J6I5)6YTu5)6iJ

Ut[Jfb tt 615T a
w£i~L£i6?ilG!D~.

fb~ [J)/. c:!){fbrjJ8; tt 8; U~LJ8;6Yr,


8; 8; fftc!:p8;8; @®~6iJ
8in.

Q8; tt roYr GYT u U

L.. L

[Dtt 8; 8; ffiJ 8; 615)6YT IL ffiJ 8; C@juDif

u af) IT rEf9l

fb[Jif;;$JroiJ c:!){6I5)wfDfb QfbrrflilrjJ fb~u

fb6l5)8;6I5)W, c:!){ff)JU@JW, t/!D6I5)W,

QfbrrflilGiJ

Q[D!6i8;6Yr a:rrfrfDfb QfbrrflilroiJ a@J~(j}lw·fb@j;$JUJdiJ!Drrfr


L tr f9l

attit fb6l5)8;6I5)W8;6Yr, fb@j;$J8;W QurjJ[J)/


IlL 6YT @J6YTif;f9l6l5)~ a:wu~wrr8; 6T~U6l5)fb if; Qfbrr flilroiJ W rjJ[J)/W IlL 6YT@J6YT if;f9l6l5) ~ 6T~ff)JW
L u tt L Q[D:DI

[DW [DrrL..(j}l WMGYf)6I5)LaUJ [Drr~ 6)"(iJf!)J8;Q8;rrw£i6?ilG!D~.


tt ~a

aurr;$JUJ6YT6lJ urf)8=a:UJW @~1Ol) ~!DrrLW ~[Dufr, IlL 6YTU 8; QJ)aa: Lwrr

@ i; Q fb tt yfJ iOI.f) GiJ


IL 6YT@JGYT if;f9l6l5)~UJ

Ut [J a @JdJ8;

6T W u f9l @if;

u iJ afi
Q fbrr f1i16iJ

tt 6YTfr a:rfu8; W c:!){:DIGJSJif;f9lroYr f9l L ~ GYT

@j(j}lw u W , @jc!:p,

a: e!fJ 8; c:!){1..J1- u 615)L uf)roiJ @J6YTrrrEf9l@J®W U Qa:roiJ£I~!D615T.

ILrf)UJ C!fJ6I5)!Du5)6iJ fb[Juu(j}lif;fbUUL..(j}l6Yr6YT

f9l @j:DIuwLif;fb8;8;fbrr@jW. [Drr~ Q8;rr(j}lif;f9lwGYT


8; ~ Glf)

W [J 8= tf}6I5)615T; 6Yr c:!){;$J8;rf)if;f9l8;Q8; 8 C!fJI..J1-UJrr ~~ fb £i[Jrrwu !Drr@jw.

{;9JrrGiJC!fJc!:p@Jf9lw GJSJaa:Lwrr 8; GJSJLUJ ~UJ6lJ8;6Yr QUUJfr, ~fr


8;6Yr, Qfbrr flilroiJ Qa:UJlLfw @Lrfu8;6Yr

£i[Jrr W U LJ!D!!it8; GYf)GiJ @fD{ti6l5)1Ol)6I5)w 1lL8;£i [JW6I5)LfDf9lroYr 6YT615)W W [J)/8;8; @fD fb @rr6l5)~ e!fJIOl)W au rr;$JUJ QJ)LUJ c:!){:DI6lJ @roiJIOlJrrfb WM6I5)GYT @f9l a:wufDfbwrr
8; c:!){!6i~LLg_

8;rjJU6l5) 615TUJrr615T fbrr@jW. @Jlf!ffiJ @j W

c:!){afi Glf) 615)615T @JGYTIT i; f9l8; ILU8;[J~!!it8;C@jW fbrr8; fb~~rr

Q 8; tr 6fT 6YT [D tt W

1lL6YT@J6YT if;f9l6l5)~6I5)UJ

GJSJGYT Mrfu8;C@jwrr8;
fbQJ)8;@jW

@fb6l5)615T8; Q8;rr6Yr6YT6lJW. ~®@Jff)J8;@j aurr/l~w·,


fft®

LJ!Dffi.J8;C@j8;@j6T(j}libf9l8= Qa:~fb

6T615Tf9lc!::p8;£iUJ a[Drr8;8;rr@jW.
QJ)LrrILfL~

@~ [J)/ u tr La: tt 615)IOl) 8; 6Yr, u roiJ8; 615)IOl) 8; 8; !:p 8; !!it 8; sir , IlL UJ rr 8; GiJ QJ)

fbwGYTrr

UL!!it8;GYf)ff)J6YrC@jW
8;@J615T Qa:~ibfbU W @uurrLif;t/L..Lif;;$J6I5)615T Qfbrrw !Drr@jw.

afb6l5)@JUUL..L

a:fDfbrruuj,/lGiJ

IlL GYTQJ)UJ6iJ wrjJ [J)/W IlL GYT@JGYT if;f9l6l5)~ u(j}lw ~fba@J6I5)GYT fbWf9l um.:
@j

u rjJ:DI c:!){;$J8;

af) 615)L 8; @jW

c:!){615)[J i; fb W 6YTIT fb ~

roJ 615)[J c:!){@JW


fbGJSJ[Jc:!){6I5)fbQJ)L..(j}l
@j6l5)!D 8in.[J)/@Jf9l

QJ)fbrr615Trfu8;GYf)6iJ LJ/lUJ

Qurf)UJQfb615T8; Q8;rrWGYTroiJ a@J~(j}law


£i6l5)Lif;fb

c:!){:DIC!fJ8;u u(j}lif;fb wrr~Glf)8;C@j8;

c!::p6I5) 15T@Jf9lQwlFa: if; fb8;8; 6 6)"f9lawrrIT

c:!){6I5)[Jif;fbWGYTfr fb~~®8;@j8;

ton esa eu,

8;®ibiJ6I5)615TILfW, c:!){!6iGJSJ6I5)615TILfW @fD@rrGill Qu rjJ[J)/8; Q8;rr(j}l8>@jQw~!DrrGill [Drr~ @fb6l5)615T6Tc!:p;$JUJ a[Drr8;8;ib;$J6I5)615T ~LfDfb@J615Trra@J~. @~ [J)/ uroiJ 8; 6I5)1Ol)8;8; 1f!8;ffi.J8; 6Yr c:!){[Jo, c:!){[Ja: a: tr it u rjJ!D {ti[J)/@J615Trfu8;6Yr
e!fJ
IOl)

~rrf9l.

IL 6YT@JGYTif; f9l6l5) ~ @®u


@®8; u fbrr 6iJ [Dtt ff)J W 8;
IOl)

U rjJ ¢l 6T C!:p t/UJ

6T615T C!fJ fb GiJ @rrlOl)rr8; f9l

@f9l

IlL GYT@JGYT f9l6l5) ~ i;


u

iJ afi UJ

will a @J[J)/

u tt L Q [Dafi 8;

6fT

C!fJ c!:p6I5) W UJ tt 615T QJ) L UJ!!it 8; 615)GYT, fb [Jif; fb@J¢l j

tt ib . @fb6l5) 615T c:!){afi 6lJ u 615)L

i; fb

@Jrra:8;

Q [D r§

[DLrr ibfbuu(j}l@Jf9lL~
ui

@fDfb {ti[J)/@J615Tffi.J8;We!fJIOl)W afbtf}UJ "I..J1-LJaGYTrrwrr" a: tt W afi fb!:P 8; 6fT


tstt

iJ [J)/ W

L. L fb tt rf) .#

@Jlf!ffiJ 8; U u (j}l@J6I5)fb8;

a:rr~a!Drr

fr 8;6Yr [D6iJQIOl)~

if;f9lL~

a[Drr 8;@jQ]!J 8;~

Uf9l 6T1ii6T f9l

<1i'iiJ1" ~..:,

[DWW8;6I5)8;UJ rr@jw.

8;rr~

8;8in.I..J1-UJfbrr IlLW6YT f9l. @if;fb6l5)8;UJ 8;

L Q[D!6i8;6I5)6YTib Qfbrr L®W

XIU XII

~ ~ tt Gill a;(I!j~~.$a;6ir, a;@6YTUfw,

tt Gill (!jJ c!:p@1~ 6l1Iu[Jr5Ja;6ir

[ljrT ~

(!jJ ~

@1~~6ir

6YT

6T

Gill r;;v rT.$

u!iJ!DI

ZLr5Ja;6YT~ QU(l!jW~~L~

8'rfbdJiJ[JWrT~

a;(I!j~~.$

6l1IwfrCF~riua;@6YTUfw

@1r:ra@1!iJa;~ fbUJrT[JrTa;

@(l!jaxfJ~!D~'

01.

ILm6l?wro

~IT ~a5'<!pa;Lb (Introduction to Psychology)


.@In31(!PI£>W l1L 6TT 1ill6TT rf>(pJ6l!)@ijJLLJw

1 - 15

.@I1f1T!f>1T!)"@ijJ l1L 6TT W 50 oill l1L 6TT 1:f1.$l ff 6l!)IfLLJW,

02.

ILm6l?wro6lTIT ILm6lJm~~QJ)6l!UT

~§lB!)J®<!pQJ)IDa;rn
16 - 80

(Psychological Counselling Approaches)

I.

I£>LL6l!)WULj

.@I~@)<!P6l!)!D

(Structural Approach)

II.

oill6l!)@UUITL(j3IillIT!f>

.@IW]@)W6l!)!D

(Functional Approach)

III.

Lj6lJ 8;1£>ITL I:f1 Lj6lJ rf>{g!f>IT.cO!D .@Iw]@)<!p6l!)!D

(Perceptual and Phenomenological


1£>1T5O G!DITWn-6n516rlr <$611 6l!)ww 8; <$6116l!)WW8;

Approach)

{gI£>ITLUIT(j3 !f>rf>(pJ1ill W

(Person Centred Theory - Carl Rogers)


{gl£> U ITL 196rlr .@I19UU6l!)Lrf> ITL .@Iw]@)<!p6l!)!D

Iv.

l1L6TTU

U@)UUlTuJ@j

(Psycho Analytical Approach) [Du'r u.cOn31w 6T6Otir@ijJ8;1£>®


~L -

ID

(oill6lJriJJ@j

~@ijJn-ffl:f1) ~@ijJn-ffl:f1) (G!f>uJEill'1£> ~@ijJn-ffl:f1)

.@II£>W .@Isfilwl£>w

- EGO

(u6OtirUITL(j3

- Superego

XIV

tJI!JrTWLCB6l!)LW ~®6l!)LD u[iJ!DIw {gIDITLUITCB 6lJITW6lJWJ @6druu U®6lJW (ORAL STAGE) @)§j6lJWJ @6liTuu U®6lJW (ANAL STAGE) UIToi:J 2-IDIuLj @6druu U®6lJW (PHALLIC STAGE) LD6l!)D3[b16l!)6U @6druu U®6lJW (LATENT STAGE) @6OTru®£>i51 UIT6\Slwoi:J @6druu U®6lJW (GENITAL SEX STAGE) fFIl}.U61D IflltlDoi:J (OEDIPUS COMPLEX) @Q6UIt!JIT IflltlDoi:J (ELECTRA COMPLEX)

VIII.

@®utJlwoi:J6lJlT§j

~WJ@)<!P6l!)D3

(EXISTENTIAL APPROACH)
03.
L6TT6l.I6TT~~6mmsr

v.
VI.

(INTRODUCTION COUNSELLING)
04.

uctJ[l5lw ~[l5l@o$LD TO PSYCHOLOGICAL

81-86

!DL £>6l!)§j LDIT[iJ ~WJ@) IDI

<!p 6l!)D3

(BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION
IDIT!J600T 6lJIT§j ~WJ@) <!p6l!)D3

APPROACH)

~6llf\urrm

L6TT6l.I6TT~~6mmsr

87-101

(INDMDUAL (RATIONAL APPROACH)


tJI WIT(gal W16dr tJl6iT6l!)6TT 6lJ6TTrrf Ifl u f §j6llflwIT6iT u[iJ!DIw 6T6OliT6OOT1t1D® U® 6lJrilllD6iT

COUNSELLING)
102-118

05.

~(!)LDU

L6TT6l.I6TT~~6mmsr

(FAMILY COUNSELLING)
@)IDIrillIDITGU uso U!flLDIT6OOT@)CBwU §j6l!)6Ull1CB

(CONCEPT OF PERSON)
~@96l!) LD udl!DI W 6T60liT 600T 1t1D®

(Short Term Multidimensional Family Intrevention STMI)

1.

®(8wu

@6IDLGi6lJ61T1u

U!flLDIT61lllTLD

(CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY)
6T.tJI.1fl {gIDITLUITCB

(FAMILY SPATIAL DIMENSION)

2.
3.

<!p@6IDLDLUrT6llf

UrflLDrT61lllTW

A.B.C (Theroy) VII.


QID61DLLIToi:JL ~WJ@)<!P6l!)D3

(HOLISTIC DIMENSION)
®a)1WL(B @6IDLtill16ID6OTU UIjlLDrT61lllTLD

(GESTALT APPROACH)
~!DI6l!)IDU u[iJ!DIw 6T6OliT.6OOT1t1D®

(SYMBOLIC INTERACTION

DIMENSION)

(CONCEPT OF PERCEPTION)

4. 5.

8'@ffiU

UIjlLDrT61lllTLD

(SOCIAL DIMENSION)
ffiGUrT8'rT!TU UIjlLDrT61lllTLD

(CULTURAL DIMENSION)

XVI

XVII

@j!))JrF.Jffirr6U

u6i.)urfllOrr6OlJT

@j(BtbUIf,

~6ID6ULU(B

(STMFI)

1. II.

u so u rfllOrr 60lJT

cf1$18= 6ID8'

01 L6TT~W&i:J

~ir ~W1(!pa;lb
TO PSYCHOLOGy) (!jJoo-ulc.!!5:EG:$ UGlJfJfPJ 8>6lJ~~~:$ 8> @GlJI!iI ~8> uS)GiJ c'M[f)JufPJ

06.

<!:I!!'

L61T6lJ61T ~~,,"6l!lIJ

(INTRODUCTION 119 - 138 SL6YT6l5)UJGiJ UGlJ fljIfTljJfJJfTroW@8>@j8;(f!j

(GROUP
@j@ @j@ @j@ @j@

COUNSELLING)

a, 6TT 6ll6TTIf,~ 6ID6OlJTWl6dr (8lfJrrcf,ffi tb. iL~ 6ll6TT$~6ID6OlJT 6J 6dr ~6ll cf1UJtorr $16dr!!J[)J. Q~rfl6lj Q8'uJLl..jtb(Yl6ID!!J.

Ii' ir ~:$

~C!!5 QcFfT GiJ ~(f!jw.

clJG8'LWfT

6lJC!!5LI!iI8>@j8;(f!j (!jJ67iTLSJrot5'IC!!5:EfPJ UGlJir @a: Q8'fTGU ~8>UJfTroW@GYr6YT~LD LJGlJLIU@.$)Glir 8>6tULDW16tU fJJfPJ. "Psy ch 0 logy" 6TGlirU6lJrT "uarG8>" (OTHO 6T GlirfJJ ~ffiJ .$)GlJ Q 8' tt GiJ G 6lJ[f)J G{DfT8;8>1jJ UfTGlJfPJ, ~a:$fT 1594 u:$w . 1596) SLGYr6YTW refl4 @tE:$ 6lJ8'~~~:$ (LOGlA) 6T67iTUfPJ CASMANNUS 6T67iTfJJmfJ8;8> QLDfTWi8>mlGiJ @C!!5:EfPJ jlrf)U~L:EfPJGYr6YT~LD 8>fTGlJI!iI8>@j8;$)~LuSJGiJ £/(gfJ8;8> U:$QLDfT67iT~fJJ (PSUCHE)

iL6TT6ll6TT ~[)J6lD.6OlJTcf,@j @j@Q6llrr6dr6ID!!J iL 6TT 6ll6TT~~6ID6OlJT

~101r 6ljffi6lf16i.) 6J!iJu(B

iL 6TT 6ll6TT1f,[)J 6ID6OlJTWl6dr 1.51" $bl ffn6\) rF.Jffi6iT. 0

to

~@Jffn6\)rF.Jffi6li.

07.

6lILw ~W6lj(Case
I. I1. II I. I V.
8' lO $5 rr rr6lll6dr ~6i.) u51 ()()f] Wl6dr
~@J

Studies)
1.518=f16ID6lJf c lO6lJfcf,ffi6ll6ID6U iL 6TT ~ 6IDlO!b1Wl6dr 6IDlO 1.51 8=cf16lD6OT rr ffi rr~6i.)

139 - 157

c'M~LD~fPJGYr6YTfTir. c'Mr6J6lJ ~fPJ lL6YT ~jI~~u a;,,_[f)J.i1drfJJ~ir. u:$~~~ LD~:$ir8>~6YTU c'MW8'I!iI8>@jW lLGir6YT~!lGlir UfTjluu:$~fTGiJ

c'MGiJGlJfPJ~~LDfTclJ~~8;

(f!jr6J8;.i167iTfJJfPJ. "aGlJfT.i1UJfT"

6l5)C§@jfT~ ~~~ ~1!iI.i1GlJ~jlGiJ

aTL@.i167iTfJJfPJ· @:$67iTUUl- LD~~ LDfT8> SL6YT6l5)UJ~GlJ8; "8'uJQ8>fTGlJW" 6T67iTfJJ (PSYCHOLOGY)

6lUffi rr6lll6dr

UIjJ!Dl8; 8>1jJ(f!jw reflC!!5 clJC§@jfT~ ,j)uaUJfT.i18;$)drfJJ~ir.

lfJrr6lf1ffifT6lll6dr

V I. 8' rrriJ ~()()f] Wl6dr Lj[)J6ID lOUJ n 6lJf V I I. s:l UJ ()()f] 6dr (88' rrfficf, ffi 6ID~

ffi 6ID~

UIjJ!Dl8; 8>1jJ(f!jwGUfTfPJ LDID1fft:$6lJfTf:P8;~8>uSJ67iT c'M~:$~~ lL6YT6l5)UJGiJ 6l5)C§@jfT~ Q8'UJIjJUfT@. ~(f!jw. LDfTlD1fftL LD~:$W1W ~jlljJ(f!jLU@.i167iT {DL~~:$~UJ ~fPJ fJJfPJ. 8>fTfJ~ 8'~8>(!jJw W G{DfJUl-UJfT8>G6lJ {DfT@j8i(f!j lLGYr6YT~jl67iT

C§y;;~w

IJjfTGYr DfTj}fJJ(!jJj}[f)J GJ..JC!!5.i1drfJJfPJ. L @w Q8'UJljJu fT@8>GYr uGiJa6lJ[f)J

WfTj}fJJr4J8>ml~LuSJGiJ
tr 8>

6lJUl-6lJW Qu £!)J£)<D1iT fJJfPJ. @C!!5tE:$ aUfT jI~w LD tr LLfT G1ir. @1!iI(f!j

reflC!!5 LD~:$<D1iT @G1ir Q~ fTC!!5GJ..JW18; 8' LD~ (f!j XVIII

w~~~61ir ~61ir~w

~~~~61ir~w

G'k;)JGYfI8ia;ITLLUu@.$I61ir!D~. [!jL~~@jW ~1Dir ~~~

w~~61ir

~~~ ~6l./tD6T~

19 tb @ITcD !DIT6lSM L ea Gill GV ~~ITQJ8i@jW, 1OT61ir!DQa;ITIDir~a; 6lS'ir.§@jIT~ (!p~61ir 1L1Dir~~iJrjJ@jW 6l./:iJ,ll6l./~L(J;~ (!p~!DUJITa;

IL er 6lf) UJ GV @~LGIU

Gill r§ @jITtD6TLiJ lOT U ~ W


(!pm~6l./~~~. a; 1L~6lS'iUJGiJ ~(!!j 6l./ITE:P8i~a; IOTm!D tD6T

6l./fTliJ(J;~6l./61ir 1OT61ir[f)J8in.!DUU@6l./~rjJ@j8i

a;ITr;r6m"W

1L1Dir~ Q[!j(!!jrf.J.$IUJ ~UJuLJ lOT m!D ~QUJrf)8i

1L1Dir~.f5ii61ir Qa=UJrjJUIT@a;@jW, 6lS'ir.§@j ITtD6TiI~~L ~ ~LfJ-uu~LuSlGiJ

@<D1irQtD6TIT(!!j ~~Wl8i@j w cf)!DU U ITtD6T6l./61ir OT61ir!D 1

6lS'irf)(J;~ a;(!!j~iI~tD6T 1L~6lS'iUJGiJ IOT61irU~~

(!p cD!DITa; WIT [f)J U L L ~ W eu~ tD6TT<DV I IT@jt.iJ • ~ ~ <DVTGV IL en Gill UJGV I GUJ ~@j8i@j ~!lf/(J;~8i a;rjJu~ ~~ilUJIT6l./cf)UJLDIT.$I61ir!D~. ~j,~6l./@jIT~ Aaistode IiiTmu~~ @jIT~a;1Dir 6lS'i~~6l./ITa; a; ~<DV 1L1Dir~j,~~8i ~tD6TITGiJ (!p~61ir

6lS'iGa=LUJ ITa; It6lS'iGiJ lS)UJW Ga=6lS'i6tiJ" 6 6lS'ir.§@jJ7tD6TUJITa;8i a;6'drLITir. ~(!!j6l./m

IOTUULfJ- cf)(J;il8i.$lm!DlTm ~ ID15FIU U L. L ~!lf/@j

{tl~ <DV UJ~ UJ ~ eu j,~ ~6l./tD6T ~ ~


.$I.(!p. 384 - 322 a;IT<DVj,ilG<DV 6l./ITY;;(J;$I>.$IGu8;a; 1t~rf)6YiiJLITL...LSJ-GiJ" UJ~~ urjJ!lf/ Q6l./GYfIuSlLLlTir. UrjJ!lf/8; UJ~~ a;rjJu~iJ@ju 1L1Dir~j,iI~tD6T 6l./~~~~8i [!jL~~ UJ~~m ~tjJLJ~ UJITrjJ!lf/UJ~UJ8ia;<DVIT W lOT u~$I>~ m @fTlj;!DIT6'dr LfJ-DiJ [!jL ~ ~ $I>6l./IT~ r Q6l./ITLa=m" [!jL~~~~ ~ITUJuu@6l.I~ ~1LI[f)J.f5iitD6TITir. ~6l./tD6T ~ ~!lf/@jir Qa;ITIDir~a;a;1Dir U<DV~~ Ga=ir~ITir. UJrjJ[f)JW 1L1Dir~.f5ii61ir Qa=UJrjJuIT@a;1Dir 1iiT@J6l./IT[f)Jcfl(J;il8i.$l61ir!DlTm LJUIT~tD6T ~~~6l./ Qa=UJtjJUITQLITm!lf/m GUITm!D~6l./a;1Dir

[!jL j, ~ $I>uf)~ tD6TTtD6T ItG t}? I

BrLLfJ-8i a;ITLLfJ- tD6TTit, ~tD6T ITGiJ 20w I IL~ GillUJGil • 1958) G~ir~cf)ILIIDir~,

W.

(J.B. WATSON 1878

1L~6lS'iUJ:iJ,ll8i@j G~ir~.f)UJdJ!D

[!jQ)tD6T UJIT~L

GUUIT6l./GiJ Qa;IT6'drL

Qa=UJtjJ uIT@a;1Dir Q6l./GYfIu U IT@a;@j8i.$l~LuSlGiJ 1L~Q]JUJGiJ Q]Jr§r.§ITtD6T.f5ii61ir


~L

6lS'iLUJffiJa;1Dir Q]JL

a; (!!jiltD6T ir. @~Gir ~LLffiJa;lDir, ~LDiluu@.f5ii8iQa;ITIDir~ ~ffiJ.$IG<DVUJir $I>~<DVUULLITir.

Q6l./GYf)U U IT(j)I UJITa;rf.Ja; 1Dir, a=IT(J;iI (!p8in.ir ~ ~w, Qa;ITIDir~GiJ uUJ61irU@~uuL@IDir~tD6T. a;(!!j~~8ia;GYfIGiJ L (J;~ @6l./rr 1855GiJ UJITj,$I> @(!!j(J;~

IiiTGMU~ urjJt;6J f&.;uir 1L1Dir~.f5ii~tD6T ~ tD6TTGV U<DV I

ItGlruITLa=GM" IiiTGMU6l./ir UJ~~~ G6l./[f)JU LL cfl(J;~~ a;(!!j~~8ia;~~

[!jL j, ~ ~8; G a; (!p8; afJUJ j, ~6l./ UJ GYf) j, ~IT rr. a;1Dir @~urjJ!lf/

(!p~<DVITa; ItGt}?ITmQ<DVIT8;" aOHN LOCKE .$I.Ul1632@~61ir ~(!!j6l./61ir IiiTGiJ<DV1T ~!lf/QJa;~~lLIw

1704) IiiTmWlw
~WlU6l./W, u!Jl8;a; 8in.!lf/tD6T rr. IT @G~

(!p61ir~6l./~~tD6Tir. 1L~6lS'iUJ<DVIT~ira;1Dir GLDWULLQ~[f)J .

a=rjJ[f)J 6lS'i<DV.$I~r;rITUJ~

@$I>m U LfJ- UJ ID15FI~ ~m LDITrjJ[f)J6l./~ liiT61iru~

tD6T UJ LD ITtjJ !DITUJ Gil [!jL j, ~ ~~ UJ ~

(!PLfJ-UJIT~ reft61ir[f)J1iiTtD6T !lf/~a; ~ [!jL~~~tD6TQ]JL

eu !Jl8;a; ffiJa; IDir 6l./ITuSI<DVIT ~~ a;


Q~ITLrrLJa;roir a;IT<DVa;L.L~ilGiJ [!jLuU~ITa; ~~IT6l./~ IOTwu6l./rr

Qa; IT1Dir6l./~1Ta; @6l./ir GUJ:iJ,llw ~rruL IiiTw!D @j!lf/uWL.LITrr. 6tiJQu61ira=ir afJU%~j,/1GV

BrL...LSJ-8i a;ITL...LSJ-tD6TITir. cf)(J;~tD6T; @6l.Iira;1Dir ~1LI[f)J~iJtD6Tir. cfl(J;~~tD6T~UJ [!jL j, ~ ~uf)~ Qa=:iJ,ll~~6l./~~

reft (!!j6l./tD6T a;6'dr, Qa= 6lS'i, [!jIT, [!jITcf) G U ITm!D QUIT!lf/a; GYfIWl ITGL ~a; 6l./tjJ ~
(HERBERT
UJID15FI~ ITa; 8;

~LfJ-Uu~LUJITa;8iQa;IT6'drL tD6T illL G ~ [lfI~ a; ~GV <DV ~

Qa=UJiJUIT@

[!jL~~$I>uSlGiJ

SPENCER)
[!jL j, ~ ~uf)GiJ @j!lf/UUlLU

IL~GillUJ~W Qa= Gil eu IT8; @j5

fYJ<DV8; Qa;/T(iirr~a; Qa=:iJ,ll j, ~6l./~

Ulr;rilu6lS)uu$I>ITa;8i

8in.!lf/tD6TITir. @(J;$I> ~LfJ-u~LuSlGiJ @6l./ira;roir GUJ:iJ,llW 6l./tDl5lILl[f)J~iJtD6Tir. @(!!j(J;~

G[!jIT8i@jwGuIT~

(PRINCIPLES

OF PSYCHOLOGY)
U f/6m" ITUJ eu IT~w fYJ~~6l./ir

cfl (J;~ ~ tD6T Qa= Gil eu IT8; @j

U L@roir~~.

a;GYfIm Qa=GiJ6l./IT8i@j @jEf!(J;~~a;GYfIGiJ @6l./ir a;6'drLITir. lL6m"ir~.f)uSI:iJ,llw, @6l./rr GLD:iJ,llW GUJG<DV @j!lf/uUlLL~6l./a;GYfIGiJ a;(!!j~~8ia;roir
U

G[!jULfJ-UJITtD6T~IT8ia;~iI~tD6T @~61irULfJ- ur;rwu~uu [!jLj,~~uf):iJ,llW @j!lf/uUlLLITir.

ro;IrjJu@~~6l./~ITa;

1L~6lS'iUJGiJ U iJ!lf/ UJIT[f)Ju L.L ULL~LD GUITm!D G[!jIT8ia;iJ uGiJG6l./[f)J uLfJ-

Ul61irtD6T~ILIW, Qa=GV6l./IT8;@j5

(§Ef!:iJ,llW UJ~~ Qa=:iJ,llj,~6l./~ITa;

a;IT<DV~ilrjJ@j ~61irLJ, ~@j~UJ

a;IT<DVw (!p61ir ~6l./8ia;u UIT6lS)UJGiJ [!jL~~~ ~UITUJu 3

IT<DV~, LJ<DV61ir L6m" irQJa;roir, ~!lf/QJ, 1 1L~6lS'iUJ iJ ~~!DuSlGiJ

cf)(J;~~tD6T, LJ<DV8ia;ITLcf), ~8ia;GiJ u(j)I.$I61ir!DtD6T. @~m

lL6m"irQJ, ~wa=rf.Ja;roir 2

{!jrjJc$ tt 6lJ j,

Ii roV

a, 6'fT UJ6lS)roV {!j~ 6ill

8= JI f}JU

U tt ~

U 6lJ ~61J) f}Jc$ m

19w @fTrjJf}JfT6drlSJ-dr c$61J)LcfJ ~61J)flU cfJf}JUUfT~


~{!jiJ@5

u@5{iJUJfT@5w(gUfT~ UfTLWfT c$ ~61Jlw(E{!j ~flfTUJ

lL6'fTrulUJIiiiJ

~t;TfTUJuu(£l£lrof}J~. QUfT~
lL6'fTrulUJIiiiJ

8"r{!j(E{iJflWfT~

rul@jC§fT~

(gUfT {iJ@2lW, (YJlSJ-UJfT~. (YJlSJ-"-/w.

{E6mL

!ii1Jfl6lJfTf!)l?)rof!)l @(!!)UU61J)fh'J; @5[!51ut.5LfT~

General Psychology Abnormal Counselling Psychology Psychology

lL6'fTrulUJIiiiJ !ii1Jfl6lJfTrjJ61Jlf}J {EfTro@5 ,,-/c$M6'fTfT c$ UJrfI~

~CF tt{!jfTflliim" lL6'fTrulUJIiiiJ 1L6'fT!ii1J6'fT iE~61J)1iim" lL6'fTrulUJIiiiJ rul(!!)iE{iJlL6'fTrulUJroV CFf!:Pc$lL6'fTrulUJIiiiJ


@5rjJf}JrulUJIiiiJ :L6'fTrulUJIiiiJ c$~ lL6'fTrulUJIiiiJ

1. 2. 3. 4.

mflM,,-/c$W wiE{iJUJ c$fT6lJ "-/c$w {EGJJ~ c$fT6lJiE{iJrjJ@5(YJrjJUL.L {E~ wrjJf!)lW CFWc$fT6lJ"-/c$w ~t.iJuWfTc$
IL (g fl

Developmen tal Psychology Social Psychology Criminal Psychology Educational Industrial Psychology Child Psychology Psychology
{!j

"-/c$w

cfJf!)l!ii1Jir :L6'fTrulUJIiiiJ
61J)c$j,Q{!jfT y)l1iiiJ lL6'fTrulUJIiiiJ

:L6'fTrul~

mflM $).UJ.

,,-/c$~fh'J;

@5[!51UUJL6lJfTt.D.£I.(YJ. 6!ii1J~
@61J)LUUL.L

{9JfTrjJf}JT6dr lSJ-oV @(!!)(E~ f r


c$ tt 6lJ j, {iJroV

5W @fTrjJf}JfT6dr(£l8;@5

tr W $)(g fl 8; c$ CF W fl tr 8= cfJUJffiJ c$ G1T :L 6'fTrulUJ IiiiJ U rjJcDI tt c$(!!)j,~8; c$61J)6'fT (YJdr 61J)!ii1Jj,~G1T6'fT~. rul(gCF LWfT c$

CFf!:Pc$iE {iJroV 1LG1T6'fTuroV(g!ii1Jf!)lU U LL @{fIOir(g{EfTMWfT@5w.


c$liiiJrul (gUfTdrf}J

~61J) LDU LJ8;c$61J)6'fT~flfTuJ6llG

ueo (g!ii1Jf!)lU LL
{iJtfiU61J)L(E{!j~
U roV(g!ii1Jf!)l "UJa6'fTL (gLfT,"

:L{!jfTflIiim"WfTc$ UJG1T61Jl6'fTc$G1T urjJaSJuu5J@2lW (gUfT~ !ii1Jtp8;c$rfuc$6fr UJrflQJc$61J)6'fT"-/w urjJaSJ ru'J(gCFLWfT c$8; c$rjJf}J1iiiJ .fJf}JUUfT c$ ~uJQJ ~jlc$WfT~ QCFtUru{!jdr f!:P6lJW rulUflrfua:.61J)6'fTU QUrjJf!)l8;

"Psychology" (CFuJQc$fT6lJW) 61rof}J QUUJir $)(gfl8;c$ QLDfTy)lu5J1iiiJ@C!5(E~


@8; c$ (!!)j, ~.i

~!ii1Jir c$rorfJdr 1L6fr6'fTW, {ELiE61J){!j, {EL!ii1JlSJ-8;61J)c$, Utp8;c$ ~iE{!j61J)~ (g!ii1J~(£lw. Qc$fT6fr~W


@(E{!j ~61J)f}Jc$6Yf)1iiiJ{!j~5 WLL#}IiiiJ

c$fT6lJiE{iJ6lJfT@5w. lL6'fTrulUJ6lS)dr

~flwuiEjlrjJ@5

c$ 61J)6'fT (YJ 61ir 61Jl!ii1J, {!j {!jj, ~!ii1J C§ tt 6lff) c$ 6'fTtr ~ j

..~rfl6'IiJ(gLfTLlSJ-IiiiJ"

~.$)(gUJfTir c$61J)6'fT (YJ8;$)UJLDfTW!ii1Jir

rulrfl!ii1JfT~ rfJLJIiim"~

c$6'fTfT$8; @5cD1uUJL6lJfTW. c LDiE{iJUJ c$ fT6lJ "-/c$WfT~ $).UJ. 5W @fTrjJf}JfT6dr(£l (YJ{!j1iiiJ 15W @fTrjJf}JfT ~(£l

!ii1JfTlUULJ$)L(£l$)drf}J~.
c$6Yf)dr

:L6'fT6lS)UJGiJ f!:P6lJW w~:$ir


U6lJ!ii1JrjJ61J)f}J rfJ!ii1Jir,{iJ j

uGiJ(g!ii1J{!)Ju ULL

UJfl 5cf)61J)~

c$G1T

c$ tt 6lJ j, Ii (g 6lJ 6ill(g CF W tt c$ c$ j, (g {!j tt 6lS).i c$ {!jj, ~!ii1J L

eu tt Ii

c$ @J ill,

QCFuJ~ Qc$fTG1T6'fT(YJlSJ-"-/w. @ffiJ@5 ru'J(gCF LWfT c$

.fJ(E{!j61J)~UJfT6'fTirc$~w (YJdr61J)!ii1J~~ir. QCF61ir~fT" "~uaUfT$)fllSJ-6'liJ"


(cil.JJ.

lL6'fTrulUJIiiiJ rul~fT~w

urjJ[!5I U6lJ c$(!!)~M61J)6'fT 6161irf}J JJflU6lJ 61J)!ii1JiJIiUJrT


(YJro 61(£l~~5

1L6'fTG8iUJGiJTjlu5)cg6lJ UJfl 5cfJ61J)~ c$61J)6'fT~aSJ(E~8; Qc$fTsfr6'fT1iiiJ @{!jrjJa:.fT~ i G8iuflffiJa;6fr, {!jflQJc$61J)6'fTU QUrjJf!)l8; QCEfT6fr6'fTIiiiJ, {!jflQJc$61J)6'fTU U@5UUfTuJQJ QCFtiJ~
~{!j~lSJ-UU61J)LufJroV

@MfT6lJc$LL#}1iiiJ

~jI ruJcgCFLWfT~!ii1Jirc$6'fTfTc$ ..~

980

- 1037)

(YJlSJ-QJc$G1T, iirWfT~rfuc$f@8;@5

!ii1Jfl

CFWUJfl{!jfTUJ (YJ61J)f}J61J)UJ Q{!jfTLir(E~W QCFuJUJU UL.L~.


~6lJ£I

(YJlSJ-~f}J~. @rfu@5 u!iiiJ(g!ii1Jf!)lUUL.L @~ CFWU(E{!jWfT~ ~uJQJ (YJ61J)f}Jc$sfr gwrjJQc$fT6fr6'fTU u(£l$)rof}J~. ( ~uJQJCEsfr, (g{Eirc$fTIiim"GiJ ~flfTuJiFJI

QCFIiiiJ6lJ (YJUJdr f!)l6fr6'fT61J)W LJ6lJU u(£l$)drf}J~.

uliiiJ(g!ii1Jf!)l ~flfTuJiF.fJCEsfr, ru'J(gCFLWfT c$ :L6'fTG8iUJIiiiJG8i@j(§fT~

Urf)(]CF tt {!j61J)~ c$sfr @8;c$fT6lJc$L.LiEjlGiJ


~rulc$sfr

urjJ[!5lUJ (gCEfTLufT(£lc$6Yf)1iiiJ @(!!)~

~{!jfT~W,

(YJ61J)f}Ju5J1iiiJ L6'fTU UJfl 5.fJ61J)~ c$61J)6'fT~fTUJ 1

(YJUJ rjJcfJc$6fr 61(£l8;c$U L..L.~.

:LUc$flliim"rfua:.6fr (gUfTrof}J U6lJ (YJ61J)f}Jc$6fr UJuaUJfTc$uu(£l~uu(£l£J67irf}JW.


4

{E~ 19w

1Lf8>if;iJciJ@j (yJiJuLL !PJrriJ[!Jrrmr@

8>rr6VWrr8> clJ.t.Si.15w !PJrrdJ[!JrrmrlSJ-1OiJ (!5{E~ @ ~mr@8>~ci®

ru61fl[JuSJ6VrrlOU 400

GWiJUL.L
~~rr ff>rr!l1Dm' ~6YTruJUl6lS)m (yJmGlOUrrlSJ-Ulrr 8> "101m (yJ61fI[!J61fIUlU uUlm
L

8>rr6V~.Ji1OiJ ~ 61TruJUlIOiJ U iJ 61Ul [D6ll1OU 8>(!5~~ci8>6YT , #l{Eff>61fI1OU 8>6YT

QW6YUiott"
@ruir

G 8>tr L. U rr@8>roir
ruJr§f§rrlOUft;iJ61fIIOUu LDiJ!f)JW ~61Tru61Tir

(yJro 61fIuci 8>U U L. L IOU. ® crfJ UU tt 8> LD(!5~ ~ru r


uUlmu@~ff>m eyJ6VW ~61T 61fIruft;iJUl .f)£}ir61fl~ (yJUliJ#l8>6YT

(ANTON MESMER 1734 - 1815) I01muru61fl[Ja, LDGlOUrrru#JUl ( ~61~uSllOiJ) Q~rllff>rrir. 6l5'rJ~LLDrr8> 8>rr!lIDm'LDrr8> ~w$}m[!J1OU ~[JWU a;rr6V~.Ji1OiJ w~ff>m

®61uDL6Vrrw.

u@if; iJ ~6YT ir #l$}ir61fl8> G{Errrll8>~a,~

#l$}ir61fl~8>~ci®
@a,8>rr6Vif;jK]6V

101@a,8>UUL.LIOU.

~61Tir !)MIOiJ8>6YTUlOiJGru!f)JULL I01mU61fIff> QruGYf!uSlLLrrir. I01tJirG[Drra,®w

6lf)c§ f§

tt IOU

~ lSJ- ~ L ufJ Gl; [D illIOU ~!l U

tr til ~ rf) 8>roir ~

crfJ (yJ 8>U

U@~f5UULL61fILD

f5rrro I01roU61fIff> w!f)Ja,8> (yJlSJ-Ulrr~. {E6ll1OUlLfa;wrra; 19w

{E6ll1OU~61TruJUlIOiJ ruJr§f§rrlOUw ~rriJ[!Jrr~lSJ-m ®61uwL6Vrrw f§rr~8>~w

ru61TiriF#lUl61flL{Eff>

uIOiJGru!f)JUULL ~61TU t.Si[Jir#l61fl1OU 8>6YT,#la,a;IOiJ8>6YT~~rr f5rr!l1Dm' [DLif;61fIff>Ulrr a; a, Qa;rr~L


GurriJSHw

a;61fIL#l ~61fI!luu®tJuSllOiJ U6V ru(!5LffiJ8>61Trra;


ulOiJGruf!)J ~6YT ruJr§f§rrlOU UGl;8>61fI6V8;8>!::pa;iitlGl;

@(!5{5~

ff>iJ8>rr6VW ru61fl!l

@~ GUrll8>6Yr, ~.mJa;GYf!m
~ir8>6YT

~a,iJuSllOUrrlOiJ 6}"dJu@ruff>rra; [Dwt.Si

w(!5~~ruir8>~W, G@?irw~

ff>~~ru
6IS)ud}a,

@(!5!6ff>lOUir. W~ff>ir Gff>rriJ!f)JruJuuff>rr8> ~~rr ~6V~ ~iJ8>rr6V

8>6Yr,Qff>rllrurfu8>6Yr, ~ruJ8>6Yr @ut.Si[Jir#l61fl1OU8>61fI6YT [DWt.SilOUir. Gruff> !PJrrlOiJ8>6lf/1OiJ in.L @~ 8 ®!DJut5Lif;~~. eyJ61fI61TuSlWJ6Yr Lf®{E~ urf)a;rr[Jwrra; w~ff>ir8>GYf!m
6)"~wrr(!5

a, G8>rrL.Urr@8>61fI61T/b ff>LD~ @ff>!Da;rrlOU

~uJ@j8>6Yr eyJ6VW ~6V®a,8>6lf/if;ff>lOUir.

1879 ~~@

uiJ!DJu t.Si!l6YUff>rrt.SiMuUL@6Yr61T61fIW ff>rr!l1Dm' [DL~61fIff>a,®U ~rrif;ff>rrm ~ruir8>61T~

(Leipzig)

~til@j

8in.LW ~61T

t.Si[Jff>rrlOU 8>rr!lIDm'LDrr a;

~ruJ

~!lwt.Sici8>uULL61fILD ruJr§f§rrlOU

~61TruJUlIOiJ ruJr§f§rrlOU

ru61Tirird}U

Gurra,£idJ®

ruJLLff>rra;
"TREPHNING"

GLDSHw QLD(!58in.L..UJ..Ul~. @ff>61fI1OUlSJ-QUlrrL..UJ.. UlOiJGru!f)JUULL ~

~eyJ8>W 8>(!5iJ @(!5fEfl>~. @ff>~U

G8>rrLurrL@ci ®!::prruSJlOUir ®!DJuurr8> 8>LL61fILDULf rurrff>w 6lf)61fI OU u tt L @rurrff> G a; tt L. u tr L @ eu tr tla; roir G ff> ro crfJ Ul 61fI IU tt w
@Mrr6Vft;iJ1OiJ wiJ!f)Jw I01mu61flff> roK]~Lwrr

~~
fiiT$}u~ @ff>iJ®~

W~61fIL
Gurrm[!J

rgft@ ~61fI6YTuSlLUUL@

~ruJ8>6Yr ruJ!lLLUULL61fILD

~!DJUla, 8in.lSJ-Ulff>rra;~6Yr6YT~. #IOU, m[JM, Lf61flf5Qu rr(!56YTrr!lrr til iF #l8> 6YT eyJ6VW ff>a,a; ~rrm[!Jrr®w. ~ff>rr~M~~.

MY!> ®lSJ-GlLfiJ[!Jrfu8>6Yr LDiJf!)JW


Wmr61flL
rgft@8>6Yr

8> ®!DJut5L6Vrrw.

Qurr~rr

a; {E~

[Drr@a;6lf/1OiJ ~61fI6YTuSlLUULL

~LD a;rr6V/biJlOiJ $Wa, ®!DJUt.SiLUU@w t.Sirf1@ja;6Yrru61TiriFd}Ul61flL{Ef5IOU.

~61TruJUlIOiJ ruJr§f§rrlOUa,

a; ~

QL (i)la, 8>U is L.@6YT6YT61fILD


@~~61fI6YT8>6YT

Ga;rrLurrL@u
01. 02. 03.

~ua;!llDm'ffiJ8>6lf/lOUrrroiJ 8>rr6VW ~uSlir QLD~ff>

@LUULL61fIW
~6YT ruJr§f§rrlOU

LDmr61flL rgft@ ~61fI6YTuSlLUULL


eutr W!6ff>61fILDa,® ~ tt m f!)J8>6Yr (yJ61fI[!Ja;61Trra; @?6V{E{5ff>1OU wrf)~

Ga;rrLurrL@U

t.Sirfl@jW, ~61T #l£iiF61fI~u Gff>rriJ[!Jw.

t.Sim Lfw @ruir 8>6YT [f~L ~6Yr61TIOU. ~ruJ !lff>1OU (§~il[Jw, Lf~ff> 8>[J~Ul

t.Sirfl6lfw §)ro!DJ61fIIDm'MUU@ff>1OiJ

Gff>rrlOl!f1ri.J8>~a,® QU61Tif;ff> LDff>iF d}£iir61fl~ (§~.Ji[Jw,

(]8>rrLUrrL@a,
~6YT ruJr§f§rrlOU

®@a,8>6Yr u6VruiJ!DJm

urf)(]~rrff>61fI1OU8>6Yr ~wt.Sia,8>UU@ff>IOiJ.

Gurrm[!J61fIru8>6Yr 61fI8>Ulrr61TUUL@6Yr6YT61fILD ~!DJUla, 8in.lSJ-Ulff>rr ~6Yr61T~. 8>


[f[JrrlOiJ ®6lf/uurrLLIOiJ, Lf6lSf/ff> [fir ®lSJ-if;ff>IOiJ, tSi[Jrrir/bff>61fI1OUa;6YT t.Siu(]Ulrr£iMUULL61fIW

Gurrm[!J61fIru
Ul tt 8>riJ 8>roir ,
6

~6YTU t.Si!lird}61fI1OU8>GYf!mGurr~

u iJ!DJ ruJruJ6IS)Ul !PJrr6lS)1OiJ !DJu tSLu UL@6YT61T~. @ff>m ruJ61fI6YTrurr > ® 8 Ul ~ tl!l LD~ tl!l riJ 8>roir " Q ff>tt 6l5) Gl; " {E L IOU a; roir riJ
7

QJ6fTir 8=cf)UJ~L~~~W

@j{15)L1I5/LG'Vrrtb. @8=cf)ci)8=~a:
CRAFT" 6T6M1J)~!liJci)G'Vu

ClP~IJ)CE sir CEGJ1J 6T6MU~{!jib

GJCErrsir~CECEsirulSJ-uulSJ-UJrrCEwrrrjJlJ)w GJurjJr;vl51JT. £/.w.1547 GU@G'V6WL6M


[!j CE

QJlSJ-QJriua;GYf):gwW@LW GJurjJ!J)lsir6fTl51JT. GJa:ri.Jr;;8J~151JT @~UJw

iff riiV

9L

6fT a

[!j tt UJtt 6fTrTCE C@]j ci;

@j

9L

6fT W (!!j i3 fljI QJ W ~ I51JT 6fT CE a:rr6M!J)lCEsir 9Lsir6fTl51JT.

@j{15)ci@jw "WITCH @j{15)uoL~


~~rrGU CE(!!j~Msir 9LLWWrjJ@j ~lLfiraQJ~ ~~rr@jw.

u~u

wg(3UJrr CEW FF6W(j}l

~!lWWMUULLI51JT.

@~dJC.!5 ClP6M 1409GU 6JiJurr~UJrrGJ1JGU ~6MmUJrr @(!!j~~~rjJ@j

6T6M1J)[!jCErf)GiJ9L6fT w(!!j~~QJW~151JT

1789GU W!lrr6MmUJu 4!lL..muSl6M W!l~u~uurrCE1792GU "~uaurr£/!llSJ-6JiJ"


UrDtJQJ~1J)

~wu

~UI51JTGU
LD~~ uuSli>:fIu
- 1868)

@~~ [!jWWci~CECE~6fTci
a[!jrrlilCEsir

CE~6fT~~

4t£)UJ

(PHLIPPE

PINNEL

1745 - 1826)

6T6MUQJ!lrrGiJ 9L6fT LD(!!j~~QJ ~!lWW~~ atgirLD6M


GRIESINGER

ClP6M~QJ{b:brrir. @j(!!jt£), a:GYf),W{b:bw CErr!l~wrrCE 67tjJu(j}lQJ~rrCEci W~~w, 8in.{15)l51JTrrir. a:6YFJ 6T6Mf!)l ClP~IJ)CEC@]jW QJrr~w,

~!lWWciCEUULL~. urrLa:rr~rDtJGJUJrr6M!J)l "clIGiJ6lS)UJw 6T6MUQJ!lrrGiJ Qurf)~w ~a:rr~rr!l~


(ANTON

uIill51JTGU 6T6MUQJU 6JiJ~rrwciCEUUL..L~.


(WILHEM

@UJciCE~t£)dr @151JT~~QJ!lrr~
1817

uGiJaQJ!J)lUUL.L
~QJ~t£)UJ

uUJI51JTrrCE1841GU @rDtJ6WL6M [!jCErfk;UClP~6M ClP~rDtJrrCE ~rrt£)wrrir cil£f)Iil.f)!liJCErT"

@jcDJut.51(j)lQJ~ a[!jrrM~~rr@jw.
(MALANCHOLIA)

~l51JTrrGU~wurr£/!lL..1.SJ-6JiJ ~ciCEClPL6M '!)ciliF~a: @(!!j~~GiJ, W~~

@~~
(MANIA)
1L

aWrDtJt£)CEwrr CEuGiJaQJ!J)l 9L6fTclIUJGiJ a[!jrrIilCE6fT rrl51JT GJWrDtJ6Maa:rr~UJrr ~GiJG'V~

6T@~UUL.L

"9L6fT(J[!jrrIilCEC@]jw ~a:rr~rr!l~

~~6M

.f)ci)iF~a:

ClP~IJ)CEC@]jLi:J" T6M1J)£/!l~~w 6

1L6fTGJ1JUJGiJ cf)£/8=~a:CE~ci@j

au rr 61fT IJ)

9L 6fT

[!j tr tU CE ~

6fTci; @j!Dlu t..f) L. (j}l6fT6fTtt rT. @QJrT ClP~IJ)CE~6fTILfW

6fT

1L~I51JT.
lL6fTclIUJ~6M
MESMER

a[!jrrtUCE~ci;@j u(j}ldJl51JTrrir. 1. 2. 3. @~6M

uriiVa6lJ!J)l

~t;rf!ClPCEU ClP6Mal51JTrrlSJ-UJrrCET6ML6M 6 GJw6YiJwl51JT!lci LDal51JTrrQJ.f)UJ

1734

- 1815)

@jt;rf!uWLrDtJrrw.
"~~cDJUJrr"

a[!jrrUJrrGYf)~UJ ~6fTirQJ~LUJ8= ~[!jrr~ aurr~rrciCErrl51JT 1L~QJ ~G'Vw WI51JT rgpIT~w~UJ

GJa:Iil~GU

( ~{15)~u5lGiJ)

ClP~ IJ)u5lGiJ uGiJ a QJ!J)l .f)ci)8= ~ a: ClP~ IJ)CE~ 6fT @6lJ1T 6T6M1J)9L6fT a[!jrr~ .f)ci)8=~a: GJa:Iil~rrIT. ClP6Mal51JTrrlSJ-UJrrCE ~QJ~~
(PIERRE JANET 1859 -

QJrr!:pGJ1JrjJ@j !:J)ci@j~GiJ u
QJ!:J)rf.JCEGU IL6WLrrci£/ci QCErrsir6fT ClPllJ.-ILfW 6Tm-

~cDJClPCEuu(j}ldJl51JTrrir. ci'f:]a:LwrrCE

~{15)~u5lGU ClP~IJ)~UJ
@QJir aurrt£):gww ClP~IJ)~UJ (Ju!lrrcf)rf)UJir

CErr~~ a:cit£) ClP~IJ)CE6fTrrGiJ ~{15)~u5l:gwci@j

GJCErr6W(j}l GJa:6M1J) 1947) wUJrf) GJtgl51JTL


(SIGMUND FREUD

@QJir GJ1J6fTci£/m-rrir. ~ wrrdJ!lw~rr~


tt rf} UJ6fTGJf) riiV ~

ClP~6M ClP~IJ)UJrr CECErr~~ ClP~IJ)u5lGiJrDtJrr wGiJ ~{15)~u5lGiJ QJ!l8=GJa:rUlLfw ~{15)ClPCEuu(j}l~t£)l51JTrrir. cf)ciW6M W!lIilL..
18561939) 6T6MUQJir ~t§/ClPCEUU(j}l~t£)UJ

"Q!lWal51JTrrroVL.

1599 ~6W(j}lCEGYf)GU wrf)~~rr~UJ @~~~QJ!lrrm6YiJQCErrL." 6T6MUQJIT 9L6fT a[!jrrUJrr6fTrTCE6IT w~


ui ~

arUJrrjl51JT @~UJ4 ~a:rr~rr!l~

~GiJG'VfljI 1L6fT ar~~~!l.$

ar~~t£)!lci a[!jrrtiJa;~iE@j

8in.L.(j}l8=aa:irQJ

(FREE

ASSOCIATION)

CE I51JT ii ~ ii QJ ~IJ)UJ a:~CE

il(!!j U t..f)
~~wu

u rDtJ Jf) ~ G

tU QJCE 6IT 9L6fT

W!lm{b:bW~LfDfpJ,

1900 ~6W(j}lCE6fTrr@jt.l{jurr~

Qa:tU ~6IT 6fTrrrT. a[!jrrUJrr6fTirCE~ci@j a~rr~

~61fT

t..f)riiV urrrf)UJ

8in.L..(j}l8=aa:irQJ

cf)£/8=~a: ClP~1J) W!lUGiJUJLD~LUJ~

GJ~rrLrf.J£/UJ~.

W!l~

~6WL~~

aQJL..~LQUJI51JT ~6M~IJ)UJ "a!lrr6MaQJUJir", "GJ!lWal51JTrrroVL. GriJGJCErrL." ~ci)UJ QQJGYf)uSlL..L U~QJ!J)lUL..L


~~QJ!liJCEsir, 8 [9Jrr~sir

GJ1Jt£)ciCEUUL.L~. @~ ~GJ1J WciCEsir @j{15)UWL.L~ir. ~l51JTrrGiJ


~QJ~t£)UJirCEsir CErr!l~WrrCE

The School of Nancy 6T6M1J)aCErrL.urrL._(j}lci

@j!:J)rruSltjJ@ju W6Mm-ir 9L6fTU


Ui!luriiVUJw~LUJii IL6fTU u@juurrtUQj

u@juurrtUQJu Q~rrLrf.Jci)UJ~.

Uirf}QJ

~(!!j

aCErrL.UrrLCEU W!lrrlilL.(j}l~LUJ
9

~Lci

clIaa:LwrrCE

6l.lrTtJ$Gir

W~tlJ

Wtm~tJlDiJ Wtm~tlJ

LD~!DfE~GirSfT

8'8;tJ

~IDiJGlJ~

[Etm6lS).,.)}

UrTir8;ClirTGJiJLLrTroiJUGlJtlJ[fUULL @6l.lirCliGir aLD~W

LSfTU t.5)[JiFcf)~tmCliGir

6}"pu(£I6l.ltlJrT$

(UNCONSCIOUS)

GiGll6Yf)8; GiClirT6mfTir6l.ltlJW e!:PGlJW W~tlJ~w GiClirTGirSfTcYJlSJ-uJI 61W [f)J [Ewt.5)tmir. .b "t.5)[frTIUL"

CkLlSJ-8; ClirTLlSJ-tmir.

LSfT iF cf)8;CliIDiJCli~SfT8; f!!j~!D~~8;


~(I!j

@tlJi)(:!j CktlJ{Jif;J[f ; 8in.L(£IiJ:G8'ir6lj (F REE ASSOCIATION) Gi6l.lPc61Cli[JWrTtm 8 cf)£)iF~8' c!:p~!DUJrTCliU t.5)u(3UJrT£)8;CliGlJrTW 61WU~tlJU aUrTW!D~6l.lCliGir "t.5)[JrTlUL" CkLlSJ-8; ClirTLlSJ-tmrTir. 6l.lwGi8'UJIDiJ, tlJrTCliGJiJLrTlU, UrT.,.)}UJIDiJ L6mfTir6lj, ~8;£)[fuS/ULJ 61WU~tlJ LD~tlJir CliSfT rTlDiJLGOirLrT 8;CliUU(£IU~6l.l @tlJWirTaL ulDiJa6l.l[f)JUULL 8i-LlSJ-8; ClirTLlSJ-tmrTir. (IVAN PAVLOV 1849[EL~~tlJCliGir W~tlJ upc61 [EL~~fbCliGir 6l.l.,.)}UJ[f)J~tJtmrTir. LSfTUt.5)[f 8=cf)~tmUJL~ rftJUJrTtm w~tlJw tlJ~GlJuJ(£I (a8'~6l.l[ErTlSJ-) @(l!j8;f!!jW ,&(l!j6l.lWi8;f!!j @ffiJf!!j ~tlJPClirTtm LSfTQ))UJroiJ

~6l.lcf)UJLDrTf!!jW. fb~GlJuS!(£IU6l.l~
uS) Cli6lj tiJ

t.5)[fiFcf)~tm8;f!!jLuLL e!:Pw [f)Jw §1(l!jffiJf!!j a 8' [f Cli~SfT

(LSfT6l.lSfT~~~6mfTUJrTSfTW)
C!:p 8> ci) UJW tt tm

LSfTGJiJUJroiJ t.5)[fiFJ)~tmCliGir (I!j~UJ


1936)

atlJrTW[f)16l.ltlJrTCli aw~w "i!E6l.lW GiuruaGlJrT" W~tlJ cYJw~6l.l~tlJ~.

J)[f iF cf)~ esnu tr tm 8' fEfbfr u U W @~6l.lCliGir a eu mT (£I ib .

@ffiJ f!!j

~ tiJ 8' W tt $

[ErTL~LiF

a8'irfEtlJ

LSfT6l.lSfT ~~~6mfTUJrTSfTW Q))c§(§rTtm rftJuS!roiJ ~c61fE~ @(I!j~tlJlDiJ L~LUJ6l.ltmrTCli

(CO UNSELLO R) LSfTU GiClirTGirSfT6ljW, cf)£)8=~8' a6l.lGOir(£lw.

t.5)[JiFcf)~tm

~c61c!:pCliuu(£I~tJUJ ~rTGOirLIDiJ

[EL~~tlJ6l.lrTtlJw (STIMULUS) @6l.lir

Gi8'UJUJw tJ!DWiW

ulDiJa6l.l[f)JUULL 61WU~ ~lSJ-uu~LlmroiJ W~tlJirCliGYf)w @(l!juu~tlJ 1912 ~w

Cli(l!j~~8;Cli~SfT [ELUUtlJrTCli

@fEtlJ fb~Cli~LDUJ~LaUJrTW

~GlJffiJCliIDiJCli6lfJW (RESPONSES) CkLlSJ-8; ClirTLlSJ-tmrTir. @tlJwulSJt.5)[ffbrTtm ClirT[f6mfTWrT$ RESPONSES)

GitlJrT!fJroiJrurTGOir~LDUJrTtm LSfT6l.lSfT ~~~6mfTUJrTSfTtmrT Cli (PRO FESSI0 NAt COUNSELLOR) GiClirTGirSfTUU(£I6l.lrTW.

~8'rT tlJrT[f6mfT [EL~~tlJCli@!j8;f!!jU @6l.lir 61(£1~~8; ClirTLlSJ-tmrTir. ~GOirLSfTGJiJIDiJ GiCli6lULLrTroiJL ~8;£)~!D~. 6}"~w

rfiufEtlJ~tmuu(£i~tlJUULL

~GlJffiJ$roiJ (CONDITIONAL

'& (I!j eu Wi 8>f!!j L SfTLILf) [J iF dI~ tm


f!!jc61iJt5JLGlJrTW.

6}"

rjJ U L

U GlJ Clitt [J6mfTffiJ$ ~ SfT8>

LSfTGJiJUJ.,.)}W

atlJrTp!DW

1. 2. 3.

LuS!rf)UJroiJ GJiJc§(§rTtm8;

ClirT[J6mfTW

rfiCli!:PfEtlJ~. "GiCli6YULLrTIDiJL" 61W!D agjfrww C!:PC!::£l~w 61~!D Cli(l!j~i1~tm ~6l.l~tlJwfr", f!!jf:PrT~W @tlJw 6l.lSfTir~tlJtmfr. "LUGYf)UJ. GiClirTGlJrT" ~£JaUJrTfr W~tlJfrCliGir @GOirwtJ,

UtlJW 6l.llSJ-6l.lW ~IDiJGlJ~ "CliirL GiClirTufClirT", "GiW8;6YU @fEtlJ8; aClirTLUrTL(£I8; ~w~!D a[ErT8;f!!jW aUrT~

LSfTQ))UJIDiJ rftJUJrTtm ClirT[J6mfTW 8'e!:PCliWP[f)Jw C§f:PP ClirT[f~CliGir 61WU~ ,&(l!j6l.lWi8;f!!j LLP &p[f)J rftJUJrT$ 6}"pu(£Iw

LuS!rf)UJrDV ClirT[J~ ClirTGlJ~tJpf!!j @t6a[ErTIU

cYJC!::£l~wUJ tt ClitlJrTW alErT 8;f!!j6l.ltlJrT Cli@6l.lfr CliGir6l.lrc£JUJ[f)J~tJUJGirSfT ir CliGir. tt e!:PGlJW (§rTUCliW, LJGlJ8;ClirTLcf) aUrTw!D ~~!DCliGYf)1DiJ ruGiL tr W ~!D UrTfr~~ UrTfr~~ @6l.lfr Cli lT tlJtm ~ 6 UrTfr8;f!!jWaUrT~ 6}"~w ,&w~!D Cli l.ltm i>~ tlJ Gi8' ~i> tJUJ6lT SfTtm fr. 6 cYJC!::£l~WUJrTCli~LrTwc61~tmu

cf)8>Cli i; Cli lT t.5)[JiF cf)~ tm Cli fTtr f!!jW • L tlJrT[f6mfTW tt Cli '& (I!j 6l.lW G6 S ClirT[f6mfTLDrTCli @6l.lWi8>f!!j
L

Iff GOirL
LSfTU

CkCliW~L UJrT GJiJUJrT tlJ tJuS!tm rTroiJ UrT tJ8;CliU U LlSJ-(l!jfEtlJrTroiJ uroiJa6l.l[f)JUULL ~SfT8= J)Mr;;i,a;Gir uS!rf)UJroiJ ~ lSJ- U ~ L uS!roiJ u Giu(l!jWUrT~W

UJwtmroiJ, ClitlJ6lj, euaesenb aUrTw!D6l.lp~!D


8in.f!)J6l.l~

J)[f iF cf)~ tm CliGir 61 f:P GlJtt W . §1(l!j6l.lW ~a[frT8;£)UJWrTCli @(I!j~rTroiJ ~Wi8if!!j f!!j~!D6l.lrT Clia6l.l @(l!j8;f!!jW.

S£frLDrTtmW 61(£18;$ cYJWtmfr,

6}"P!DGitlJtm @6l.lirCliGir rurc£JUJ[f)J/hiitmir. ~rT[f)J

10

II

:L6YT6lS'JUJGiJ 8>rTll6mW :L6YT 8; ® !:pLJU W

~~u~

~~COrTL

6lJrTY,8;~8>uSJWlrTaL :'b6YTIT [6~

~@W

iL6YT6lJ6YT if,~~6muSJ~ :L6"ir6YT61fT. 1. 2. 3.

f!:fJ~ {f)J WIl :'brT61fT c!:p~C08>W

Wlla

UJrT£)if,j;!GiJ

s: 6YT a 6lJ:'b~ 61fT, fDW W8; ~8>


@UUI.-9-UJrT61fT 8'[6:'blruuw

au

tt

:'bGiJ,

r;;;rLDrTrjJCOrhJ8>WaUrT~CO~6lJ8>W 8>rTll6mLDrT8> ~~LDUJrovrTW. :LW6YT if,~:'b 6lJrT@W ~~ 'ifl@j~LDU :L:'brTll6mLDrT8> @rovrhJ~8>uSJ~ LD8;8>6Yf/~ u(Elif,j;! ~~COrTL 8'rT:'brT1l6m !6!~rovuSJGiJ

reJI@j6lJcml~ :L6YTU ~6lJif,~

W6YTQJ8>@8;® r;;;rrjJu(Elw aUrT~ £)llrTLDrhJ8>6Yf/GiJ WIl6m LD61fT~:'b C!:PllJ-UJrT:'b :'bcmlfDulriL6YT6lJ6YTif,~~6m ®(Elwu iL6YT6lJ!OrTif,~~6m -(INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING) COUNSELLING)

8>@jLDWrTrjJCO C!:PllJ-UJT~. r ~~(Ql)8; 8':'brT WIl6mUUj;!,

-(FAMILY COUNSELLING)

6lJL8;®, £)!:p~
6lJrTY,8;~8>

®@rTj;!UJrT61fTiL6YT6lJ6YTif,~~6m-(GROUP

aT{f)Jif,:'bGiJ8>W r;;;r u L (El8; Gil >tt 6W llJ-@j8; ®W rjJ 8 8'LD !6!~rovuSJGiJ

au ~~

tr ~

:'bG?rf) fDu IT iL 6YT6lJ6YTif,~~

6m
tt~

et

60i u ~

:'bG?rf) UJrT@.$ (!!J r;;;rD u (Eltb t


C!:P~ co uf/GiJ

~6lJif,j;!@jU u~

u~

W Il # cf) ~ 61fT8>6Yf) 60i au


G'i8'S21if,:'brovrT®W.
W
tr if,;iJ

:'b6d) Uu L L

8>6lJ W W 'ifl@j6lJ@j8;®
:'bG?rf)WrTW

8>mf)UJw 'ifl~COrT®W.

#)rov a6lJ~rov8>GYf)GiJ ®(Elw u if,j;!WlW ®:D!uWLL


~IlWt5)8;8>UU(El£)~co~. ~~u~ ®(Elwu

Il tb er tD u(El tb t5) Il if #)~ 61fT8>6YTtr 8> @@j8;a;rovrTw.

8'f!:fJ8> «!!J!:prjJ a;rTll~a;w ~~u~ uGiJa6lJ{f)JUU LL #)8;a;GiJa;6YT rT®w.


Bin.rovrhJ8>W «!!J!:P~rov a;rTll6mWrTa;QJw W6W8'rFiQJ, ~iJa;

8'f!:fJ8>i>;iJWlWa6YT fDa;lr u t5)ua:'b8'rhJ8>6rAGiJ

r;;;rrjJu(Elw ®u~u

iL6YT6lJ6YTif,~~6muSJ~aUrT.19J

'ifl@j6lJ~1l

~WUJLDrT8>8;

Gila;rT6W(EliL6YT6lJ6YT if,~~6m
(!!J(Elwu ~j;!a;LDrT iL6YT6lJ6YTif,~~6m a; (!!J(Elwu U(Ql)allrT ®(Elwu r;;;rrjJu(El£)~co

LDrTaTu(El if,~£)~C061fT. 8'U:'bUJ a;rTll6mWrTa;QJUJ ~6OiCOrTLW

cutnu, [CIT LDrT8'~L6lJ:'b~ ueo !L6YTiF cfl8;.a;6iJa;@~


@UJtD~8>

~rov®a;GYf)WlLa61fT a;w 'ifl@j6lJallrT

!L6YT8= cfl8;.a;6iJa;@8>®if, ~rov®a;6Yf/WlrTaL

:'bcmlif, :'b~UJrT8> :'b~rovuSJ(El6lJ:'brT®W.


~rhJa;if,j;!wlr ~LDUJUU(ElUJ

(!JJ8>ffiJGil8>rT(ElM r;;;r~rT£)Grirco~·

@:'b!D® aLDrovrTa; G'!6l16"ir6YTUJ,«!!JCOrT6lI6lfI,


«!!J!:p6lS)GiJ r;;;rtDu(Elw

6lJIlLcf)

~ 61fTiT i> :'briJ 8>m

~GiJ(Ql)~

t5)1l~#)~W8;®LULrovrTW. ~(!!JCJj~!OrTILfW

#)rov a6lJ~6YTa;6rAGiJ
iL6YT6lJ6YT~~6m t5)1l~#)~W ~6lJi>~

a; tt 1l6m LD tt a;

~6lJ 61fT ~

et "iT

tr iT U ,-/.$

8>6'11

GilLDrTLDrTW ~

a:'brTGiJ6lS'JUJ~L[6~ iL6YTU t5)1l 8=#)~61fT 8>@8>®6"ir6YTrT £)~COrT~. a LD tD ~"IT


Bin.

G'icFlUILfW a;LLrhJ8>@W (!!J@ ZL6YT6lJ6YTif,~~6m

iL61W(El.
~Griru~ aUrT ~ r;;;r~GilWrT@j GilUrT~6lJrTW ~6lJiT 8>~6YT.$ ®@6lJrTa; coL; u L L wcml:'blr a;tOrf)~ reJla Il WrT j;!rfJUJrT61fT

co Uu L L 6muSJ~

st IE

:'bGil6lJ rT@j

a, 6YT#

cf).$

8>GiJ 8>~ 6YTILf W ~6Oi u~


f!:fJrovw ~rjJCOGiJ8>~6YT

~GiJrov~
WIl#

reJI@jLDLLif,j;!GiJ @@j8;®W 6m Gil8'tiJ:'brov rT®W.

s: 6YT6lJ6YTif,~~ urTrr.$

f!:fJeotb ®~ coif,~8;
CO~.

Gil8>rT 6YT C!:PllJ-ILfGil W LD61fT

cf)~61fTa;6Yf)6Oi

8>U u(Elaf)6Oi

iL6YT6lJ6YTi>~~6m LD~CO[6~W6YT ~6lJ61fT~

!L 6YT6lJ6YTi>~~ c!:p~coa;6Yf/6iJ

a LDrjJ

Bin.

f!:fJ~ {f)J

QJ

ffJ

iL6YT6lJ6YTif,~~6mUJrT6YT~ ~~6mfDrTllJ-8>@8;®6"ira6YTaUJ

, iL6YT6lS'JUJGiJ 6lS'Ji§ (§rT 61fT ~:D!6lS'J~

iL6YT6lJ6YT if,~~6m

UJrT6YT cmlGrir:'b~rovuJ(El !6!a;!:provrTW.

Gil6lJGYf)8; 8>tt 6m IT[6~, Gil


iL6YTut5)lliF#)~61fTa;~!OrT8;

~:'b ~ 61fT ~@jif, j;! Gil8'tiJ~,


®~coif,~ ~6lJ~61fT

8' W

[6:'bu u L L f!:fJrovW

8'rT:'brTll6m

!6!~rov8;®8;

Gil8>tt ~

(El6lJ Il i> ~ ~ 6m

Gil8' til :'bGiJ

!L 6YT6lJ 6YTi> ~ ~ 6m

et j;!lrUrTlrMuu(El£)~CO~·

12

13

J)!DUUW8'WIT@jW. @@!5 ~ 6l5)u: ~ru (yl6l5)!DuJ)roiJ @@!5~ 6)"~W ~rufr @juSl~~

@<ovffiJ6l5)dj wdJ£l)lW UlTfJ~ rufJ<OVITdJ6l5l!D8; djdJ@jW aUIT~ tOT ~ 6mir 8; 6l5)djuJ)roiJ ~ IT1OOF/8; 8; dj
Sin. LiI-UJ~

@ ~ ~ 6l5)djUJ a djlT L U ITL (j}l8; @jf:PITu5)61fT fr ~r£!dj @6"6rW1awlTfr clia8'L ~W8'W

ITdj s: sir SfT61fT Lf fJIT~ 61fT djroiJcl'I • tOT6"6r61fT'Qru6"6r!DfTroiJ IT ~ (yl~6l51roiJ iLSfTruiUJroiJ @@!5 ~

§)@ dj6l5)<OV6l5)UJ ~roiJ<ov~ adjlT LUIT L(j}l8;

djroiJcli6l5)UJ Q~IT L@WaU @jf:PITu5'!roiJ a8' ~ru6mir(j}lW.

02
L6TTrmlW&il
(PSYCHOLOGICAL
:LSfTruSfT ~fPJ~fDm" df)f~@jc!::p~lJ)cMiir a~w' @$5~ df)f~@j

~LiI- U U 6l5)L uflroiJ

a djlT L U IT(j}l tOT !D tOT ~ 6ir 6mir

8; dj@cl'IroiJ

1f1TO' L6TT&lI6TT ill&m&UUl'


c!)I &mDI

6lft SfTffiJ @jru~


dj@~~8;djsir, aUIT r£!~w

a: rf) UJ U ITL ~ ~ L a{l>1T 8;@j, ~@)1@j(yl6l5)!D

6ir 8' W U!5 ~ u: IT61fT cf)!5~ 6l5)61fT 6ir , dj


tOT 6"6r!D tOT 6mir~ 8;dj@ QUIT ~rufT61fT'

~ (Yl&m In
APPROACHES)
uiJc61 a{l>1T8;@jru$5iJ@j c!::p6"6r61fTfr

8'UJL])fJ ~ITUJffiJdj6l5)SfT cliSfT 8;@jru~1T @jW. @U ULiI- @@!5~ QdjlTsirru~dJ@j dj iLsirSfT~. df)f5lJfJ~ Q{l>@.9;$(j)ldj67f)61J" adjlT LUfT L(j}l

COUNSELLING
c!::p~lJ)djsir

~uSlrui6l5)61fT' Q~tDYf)61JU U(j}l~r£!8; §)@ OI6"6r61fT~6l5)UJ ruiurRuu~1T

Ifr£!UJfT6lH

(Approaches) ror<D7irlJ)mDiJ ror<D7ir61fT ror<D7ir£l)l df)fpifI>t1@iD$5roiJ aWiiVlTdj @fPJ Q~ITLlrUIT61fT adjlTL..uITL~ .. £}/j O)rfl61Jdjsir { (Point of view) aUIT6ir1J) u~r!iJdj6ir Q8'IT!Da;m a{l>1T8>@j cf)CiiViLSfTcilUJ<OiJ /Plmoi.Jairorf!<OiJ @niF wiJf!)JW

§)@ {l>UfJ~ tOT{6~QrulT@ iLSfTUOIfJiFJ)6l5)61fT'8;@jW ~uSlUJ :LSfTcliUJroiJ

df)froiJCiiVfPJ dj~afDm"ITL...LW uUJ6"6ru@~uu@£I<D7irIJ)61fT.

IftluSI<OVlT61fT{l>L~67f)~, C§f:ProiJ 8'f!:Pdj wdJ£l)lw iLuSlrRUJ60 6lft r§ @j1T 61fT' ~ 6ir 6l5)W dj 6l5)SfT8; dj 6mir L uSI~ roiJ a eu 6mir (j}lLb. Lf) 6ir 61fT' ~ fr
iLSfTcliUJ<OVITSfTlr djtDYf)61fTlTroiJ (yl6"6r6l5)ru8;djUuL(j}lmSfT ~Lil-UUQ}LUJfTdj mru~~ Lf)fJ~cf)m61fTmUJ~ Q8'uiUJ uu(j}l~roiJ QdjlT 6mir(j}l, iLSfTruSfT iD~m~ 8' ITiT s: SfTeu 6YTd> ~ m ~ ~@)1@j(ylm!DdjmSfT L djLLmLDULf clIa8'LLDIT ~@)1@j(yl6l5)!Ddjm61J" Q~tDYf)rufTdj aru6mir(j}lLb.

djCiiVfI>fPJuUJ<D7ir @iD$5uu@cfJ<D7irIJ)61fT. u ror6ir uru:D~1J) adjlTLUIT@djm O)[JGUJIT £Iuu$56"6r cilSfT MWrorf!~<OiJ 67fPJaWlTlr df)fUJ-u U~LUJlTdjei;

ror6"OflWJw :LSfTruSfT iDfPJ~fDm"uJ)6lir QdjlT~QL@!6$5 @rufrdjSfTfPJ

aUIT fPJ adjlTLUIT L@8> @j!Jl1T u5)61fTfr df)f~@jc!::p~lJ)djsir

~uSI!5~8;
iLSfTruiUJroiJ

(Theories) u5)dj c!::p8>cfJUJWIT@jw. wlTiJf!)JiF Q8'lTiJdj~SfTU djlTfJfDm"WIT dj iLSfTruSfT iDfPJ~fDm" djiJ@jW WITfDm"rulr djsir @fPJ uiJPl ~cf)UJWIT dj iLmSfT~. df)f$5WJlTaL 8'WWIT61fT

Q 8' UJ !D U ITL LiI- !D @j ~ dj8; @juSlUOlL<OVITt.iJ.

~!D

a dj UJ IT61fT' cf) <OV

cf)M<OiJa;~8i@j c!::pdjr5kla;lT@8i@jw riJ~CiiV 6)"!DuLCiiVITW, ~a;aru

~@)1@j(ylQ)!D ~@)1@j(ylm!D ~@)1@j(ylml)J ~@)1@j(ylQ)I)J (~~ :L~fr61J ~@j(!P67f)IJ))

II..
ru~djuJ)<OiJ fj!@u5)iD$5 dj@iDfPJ ~ruiDfPJ a{l>1T8>a;ffiJa;sir, ~~@jc!::p~IJ)a;~SfT a a; ITL U ITL@ IlL IV adjlT LUIT@a;sir, c!::p6ir ~ru8>@jW a a; ITL...U ITL...@ei;

cliQ}61fT'UUITL(j}l iL6YTUU@juUlTui61J {l>L;$m~ djlTfJ~rulT~ Qdj~aLIT60L @@uOIUJ60 ~Q}I)J

Lf<OV8;djITLcfI, Lf<ova~lTdJ!D

df)fpir§ lr a; ~ SfT fj!@

@jf:PITu5)61fTfJlTa;8> Qa;lTsirSfT CiiV W. IT iL$5ci1UJ tt ett iTa; rorf!<D7ir 61Ja;sir iLlJ) a;@iDfPJ8>a;sir

df)ftla; W ITa; df)f~@j @j!JlITu5)61fT ~iT iT Q!fj@8>a;wlTa; ~WlLJw.

C!::p~ IJ)a; ~ SfT C!::p<D7ir ruei;@jW ~

v..
VI.. VII.. VIII..

LDlTdJ£l)l ~@)1@j(ylm!D ~@)1@j(ylm!D

a;~L<D7ir fj! <D7ir f!)Ju@w

@$5iJ@j aWCiiVlTdj ~afJciI~

eun~ ~@)1@j(ylQ)I)J
15

14

s: 6lT 6lf) UJrill

~ crfI@j Ii a; 6li ® !:fJrTW U rDlJ fft 61ST g)J a CF !E~ Ii


a~rr dJg)J6l5'I~~~L61ir
6lf) LDIi

@ !E~

LfJ-8=)6lsr ir QCF,u~sff6lT aCF~611 urrrflUJQ~rr 61irfJJrr®W. @611ir ulDi.>a611g)J J ~,u@./a;~6lT QCF,u~rrir. QUill ~ @iD~6lsr LD~W LDIOOfI~ iLsff6lTW a;~a;~~ L/rDlJuULrr ~ ~@!f)liI;a;~ill 611rr:i)a;~w 6l5'I~@jrr6lsr~ a;L.L~LDU a; ~,u611iD~ Qa;rrsff6lT
d;

~@!f)l®(yxi~fJJa;~6lT a;(f!j~~iI;a;sff

@6iJ611aSI@jira;sff ulDi.>a611g)J @(f!jU U ~ ~®(yi~fJJa;sff FF6mST @ e!;PrDlJW

{liLrr if,j;I ~iI;$iUJ ~LDrfliI;a;(fIoillroiJiDLD~

~~~6lsrU

u[J611iF

dJ)/t5Iu t51[JrrUJffiJa;~6lT Q6116lFJuu@~j;lUJ ~61ir e!;PrDlJWJlrDlJ eft fij~ W 6TUULfJ@~ ~aSlft;~ @(f!j!E~rr®2Jw

~ @!f)l® (yi ~ fJJa; ~ 6lT !O61ST ® ®crfluLf)Li;~8;a;~rr®w. iL6lT6116lT ~~6mUJrr6lTW/~ lDlOOfI~!OL~~~~UJ (yi~fJJa;sff !OrrLfJ- f)6iT u

aLDdJ 8in.fJJUULL

Qa;rr~LfJ-(f!juu~rra;d; :i)W/sff @~~61ir~LD 611rri)a;sff :

®c6Iut51@611~ aurr61irg)J a;L_L~LDU4

Qa;rrsff611~dxf5 (yiLfJ-$!61irfJJ~· @ft;~ ~@!f)l® ~lDi.>rDlJ~ aCF~611

6l5'I6lTiT.$!fL/sff6lTrrira;sff. 6l5'IaCFLLDrra; @UJdJ~a;

asu.:« a; JliI;a;1Di.>!6/~fJJft;~ fft(f!j611W/iI;®


611!:pffiJa; yiLfJ-fL/W. (
~~@6OJ!D

Q~6lFJ611rr;~ QiDrfI$!61irfJJ~. @iD6lsrrrroiJ@UJrD~a;uSI~ a

UI [J8=JI~6lsr uf)6iT au rr~ !01Di.> (yi~fJJuf)1Di.> ~ ~rDlJuf) L.@ rDlJ

Qurr (f!jL.a;6lFJ61ir QCFIDi.>611rr iT.$!6lsrtreo QUrDfJJ ~c6I6l5'I~6lsr LDIOOfI~ iLsff6lT ~~iD ~611~~ ~,u@./a;sff UUJ61irU@if,j;l6lsrir. @~61irULfJ- iLsff6lT ~~6lsr ,jJJa;~~MLDrr

iL6lT6116lT~~~6m~UJ

aLDdJ Qa;rrsff6lTU ~c6I~ a;

I.

d)L..L6OJLDU4

e!;PrDlJW fft(f!j6116lsr~ !OL~~ (yi UJ6iTg)J6li 6lT~ LD @r&J ® ~,u ft;~6m ir ~1Di.> 6TW/w ~sff6lT~LD QCF,u~ ~a;~~6mir @ ~ 6ir u LfJ-

LDdJg)JWiL6lT ~dJfJJGl5!~6lsr cl'I j;I (yi~fJJ~UJ iL6mir~611 ~j;la;LDrr

(Structural Approach) 19w . ~ rr fJJfJJrr 6mSTfJ- ir @ g)J~ U U ® ~ uf) rill ~ [JW U LDrr 6lsr @!6 ~ L6 ~j;la;LDrr 6lsr 6l5'ILDir F6lsrffiJa;~iT.®w C iLLUL.LQ~rr61irfJJrr®w. urririT.®w aurr~ iL6lTUU®uurr,u@./ aLDarDlJrrLLLDrra;u a;6116lsrUJrra;~[JrrfL/waurr~ ~@!f)l®(yi~fJJUJL61ir ~!:pLDrr 6lsr a;(f!j~~ t51dJa;rrrDlJ~j;l1Di.> @ft;~ CFwuft;iDuUL@ 4rf1UJiT. 8in.LfJ-UJ~rra;

Q~ GYf1611.$I6iT fJJ~. @iDcD a; rr a; e: 6li 6lTa; rr

UI [Ja UJrr .$I~


~~ @ft;~

4rf1$!61irfJJ~' ~a;~rrri.J@./6mir@./ 6JdJu@w

e!;PrDlJW fft(f!j611W/~

~~®(yi~fJJ ~@!f)l®(yi~fJJ @(f!juu~ iLsff6lT~. @(f!juu~~fL/w

iLsff6lT~:i)W/sffa6lT

~6116lsrrra;a611 u®uurr,ufil/ 4611rrj;la;sff QCF,u~sff6lT6lsrir. au rr~ ~~


6m

a611fJJg)J~LDa;~iT.®w

6l5'I6lTffiJ$!d; Qa;rrsff6lT (yiLfJ-UJw. a;LL~LDu ~,u@./ e!;PrDlJW UrDlJ ~,u@./a;sff


:L 6lT6116lTfij ~

@j;l1Di.>!061ir~LDUJrr6lsr ~W<FffiJa;sff

6m uf) 6ir

!Orr LfJ- f) 6ir u t51~WUJdJfJJ

LDg)JiT.a;(yiLfJ-UJrr~sff6lT~.

iL6li 6lT~j;I W/6li ~6iT ~LD~UJfL/W

6JcDu@W ~c6l!E~8;
6m uf) 6iT

UrDlJ6l5'I cfJiT.a;1Di.> , ~ a;6li Qa;rr6li 611~cD® !:6~~ ~tb~611@jrr~

t.SI [J8=JI~6lsr a;~6lT

@611[Jrra;a611 4rf)ft;~iT. !O 6lsr IL 6lTcl'I UJr;;V cl'I c§ @jrr6lsr tb ~1Di.>


(WILHELM

Qa;rrm@

@~61ir UJ~rrir ~~~fL/w,

ru

" cl'IlDi.> Q~

r;;V W @./6mST ~L L.

"

~cD g)Ju u@fij~611~ (yi 8; .$I UJ LDrr a; aLDdJ8in.fJJUUL.L UrDlJ611dJ~fJJiT. BrLLfJ-d; QfF,u~

WUNDT

1832 - 1920)

a;L..L~LDU4

611rr~~j;l61ir ~[Jwu a;!:pa;~:i)roiJ

s: 6lT6116lTtb ~ ~
"aCFrriT.[Ji6YiJ" 6l5'I:i)(yi~fJJ~UJ

cfJfJJU UI UJr;;V U rr a; IL sff 6lT~.

a;ir ~iDrr611rra;iT.Qa;rrsff6lTrDlJrrw. Gl5!uJ)iT. (LEIPZI G) uroiJa;~rDlJM 1L6lT6l5'IUJroiJ UL~:i)61ir 1879roiJ @u UGl) ~uj@./a;~6lT ®wrrGLDrr61ir~fJJ

6T6iTfJJ 4a;w

t.SI[T rr6lsr aU[Trr JlrflUJ[Jrr a;iT. a;L~LDUJrr dJaSlUJ 611ir ~ @ !OLrrtb~ ~~8= eftfJJUurr6lsr aa;rrL.UrrL.@8;

t5J~UJrr $!~~sff6lTrrir.

~6lsrrrroiJ t51rDa;rrrDlJ~:i)roiJ.. J)il;w61irL..

uroiJa;~rDlJiT.a;wa;~j;l1Di.> ~,u@./ 8in.L QLDrr61ir~fJJ !6/g)J6l5'I6lsrrrir. !OLrr if,:i)iF QCF~g)Jsff6lTrrlr. ~


tat if,j;I[JLDroiJrDlJ t5JdJULL

t5J[Jrr,uL.." 6T61irU611ir@j;lroiJ urrrflUJ ®~fJJurr@a;sff a;rrL..LfJ-fL/sff6lTrrir. aiDL~rDlJU j;I(f!jWU Qurr~ u®:i)a;6lTrra;u

t51rfI~~ u®uurr,u@./

(yiLfJ-@./iT.® 611(f!jiDlDi.> !6/UJrrUJLDdJfJJft61irg)J 6T6lsr @@j~!J' f

a;rr~tb~~ . @!6~ dJ)/@!f)l®(yi~fJJ~UJ8; a;L.LfJ- 6T@UU4611~cD® 6l5'IrDlJQ~rDlJLD iL~LUJ LDrr6m611[Jrr67JT(E.B TITCHENER 1867 - 1927) 16

6JdJg)JiI;Qa;rrsff6lT (yiLfJ-UJrr~ 6T61irU~dJ®iT. a;rr[J6mw a;rrL..LfJ-6lsrrrir. 17

"Q)/r;;VG)~W
(] U ITfPj $

6lJ6lS1irL..."~$~fPj6Wfr
6l.Nm

dfbrU6lJ (yXilfl(D Q)/jI$6lf)6'ff

t.5)61iTucD!l)1w

Q)/ jI

(!fJ6lf)(D $6lf)6'ff U t.5)aG UJIT£/8;$

6l.Jcl1 UJ!l)1~ {ljU U L (j}l6fr ea 6lf)WUJ IT@jW.

8; $

(] 6l.J~

4- UJ 'fft C!:R rJiJ@j (!fJ 6lf) (D $ 6lf)6'ff 6l.J@j1l>~ 8;

@{lj61iTUI..J1- £(]f:P @jc61ut.5)L(j}l6fr6'ff (!fJI..J1-UJW616lirUfPj @6l.JilfPj $®~{ljIT@jW.

UUJ6lir $6lf)6'ffU

Qu cD!l)18; Q$IT 6fr6'ff

$ITL4-UJ6fr6'fflTfr.

1.

!L ea

6lSIUJroiJ U@jU
L uS) L. @

ITIll 6l.JITer IT 6lSIjI (!fJ 6lf)(D $

6lf)6'ff U UJ6lir u@iifPjw ~6lf)6l.J$6lf)6'ff ~ (j}lt..D 61 6ir U fPj ULIT fPj

1. (] 8' 6lf)6l.J fD IT4- 8;@j6tT6'ff


!L 6fr m ~jI

U IDI) !L 6m" IT6lJ $ 6lf)m

Q Will UJc616lJ

iT jI ufI roiJ
"(D 6lf)LD

8'(r,f!jfruu~{lj

8'rflUJIT $ ~c61fhii®uufPjL6lir
{lj UJ IT

tiL.

rn 1l>fPj 8;

(!fJ6lirGM(]il

cD@j U ITIII iF ST6l.J{lj6lir f!:P IDI) t.5)il iFcf}6lf)GM $GYf'I6lir cf}(DU U ITGM W
8'

Q $IT

6lT etr roV (]

6l.J~

U@j,,6lf)UJ

rFI UJIT$ U

U@jU U ITtil 6lSIrjJ @j

!L L

U@1l>fPjw

61 jilT UIT IT8;$U u(j}l£/61iT (DfPj.

~ru6l.J1T c61roiJlDI)lT jlLLl.niLu fPj

6,l cDU (j}laD6lir (DfPj . @{lj6lir U I..J1-8' rFI UJITGM (!fJ 6lf)(D ufI roiJ (!fJ C!:R 6lf)use» UJ Q)/6'ffr6J£/8; Q$IT6fr6l.J{ljcD@j 6l.JySl6l.J@j~{ljS21W, $cD(DS2IW rE/$W£/6lir(D~.

~ $1l> fPj 6W IT6l.JITtil {lj roiJ J) il(] UJITaD 8; $ U U (j}l6l.JfPj "Q)/roiJQ~coiJw" (]LDS2IW BTLI..J1-8; $1TL...I..J1-GMlTfr.

U UJGMrjJ (D Q {ljGM

2. 2. 6lSI" (!fJ 6lf)(D$


6lf)6'ff 1l> Q {ljITL rJiJ@j6l.J{ljcD @j (!fJ 6ir (] 8' 6lf)6l.J fD rr 4- 6lf)UJ Q 8' S2I j, fPj {lj 6V

!L6m"

fr 6lJ$6lf)6'ff

U@ji/$6'ffIT$U ~

U'trAu U {ljW
{lj (]6l.J6lf)6'ff

f!:P IDI)W (!fJC!:R6lf)W6lf)UJ


'fft 6lir!l)1 L 6lir 'fft 6lir!PI

Q)/m

r6J £/8; Q$IT 6fr@jW

@jlcoiJ

~ cD7~ L. (j}l{lj IDI):


~~jlUJIT6l.Jcf}UJWIT~{ljGM
U

(!fJ

C!:R 6lf) W UJITGM

$ 6l.JGMj, 6lf){lj

@®8;@jW, Q$lTmSr@

QfE®rJiJ £/UJ Q{lj1TLIT LJiF Q8'UJ if; U 1T(j}l$6lf)6'ff Q)/mlliJ £/8i 'fft@ffiJ$6lf)WUU't6lir 8'rAUJITGM {lj61iT6lf)W6lf)UJUJW LJrA[i;fPj8;

@jc6iUt.5)L(j}l6fr6'fflTfr. Q8'rUUJuu(j}lw. ucDc6I g!l6W

(]fDlT MW, ~

Q8'UJcDUIT(j}l
6lf)6l.Jj, {lj 6V

rjJ cD7

U 4- (!fJ 6lf) (D UJ IT$

(] 8' 6lf) 6l.J fD ITI..J1- @j 8;

cD7 UJ

Q$IT 6fr6'ff eomb: 3. Q8' UJcoiJ!fJ6lf)(D UJL6ir 8in.4- UJ Q{ljrr LIT LJ$6lf)6'ff ( Q$IT 6fr 6l.J{lj61iT
!l§!!

!L6'ffUU@juulTrU6l.JlT6'ffilrrcoiJ u(j}l.$l6lir(D
fEL6l.JI..J1-8;6lf)$$6tT

@{ljW-/6tT (]wcDQ$IT6fr6'ffU

$6l.JGMW

Q8'S21~fPj{ljroiJ

8' rAUJ rr $ U

LJrA {i;fPj 8i

(]8'6lf)6l.J fDlTl..J1-UJlTcoiJ (]LDif;Q$rr6tT6'ffUUL

(]6l.JmSrI..J1-UJ'fftw(DlT@jw. UIDI) 8'{E{ljfruuffiJ$6fr U't6lf)f:Pufl61iTc6i fljwfPj

LIT $

UJ{lj1T ii {ljii i/6lf) ~ U LJrA J5fPj 8i Q $IT 6tTet 8i IT

8in.I..J1-UJ{lj1T @®~{ljcoiJ. $

3. @J5{lj

Q)/jI(!fJ6lf)(D$6lf)6'ff uLcoiJ

uuflcDcf}uflcoiJ Q$lTmSr(j}l6l.Jil
(]8'6lf)6l.J fElT4-8;@j

Q$IT(j}l8;$U

(]6l.JmSr(j}lw.

4. @UUI..J1-8; 8in.(DUULL

(]urrjlS21w

t.5)cD$lTlDI)~jlcoiJ ~$iifPj6WIT6l.JITIll6l.J
QU®

fEL6l.J4-8;6lf)$$6lf)6'ff

iF Q8'Ill6l.JfljcD@j

~uaUIT

fPj @UJS2Iwrr£/6lir(DfPj.
6l.J6lf)$U u(j}l ~fljlDl)lT W.

6lfI tI

(!fJ 6lf) (D $

6lT

Q flj ITL rT U IT$

ib U

ITIDI)IT(] ~ ITrFItOir

Q)/wfr8'~~jlcD@jLUL

(]6l.JmSr4- 6,lcDULLfPj. $lTil6WLDIT£/UJfPj. u5)61iT 6lf)WUJ ITcoiJ~$


flj6ir 6lf)LD @6ir6lf)LDUJ

Q)}(]8'LWIT$

@{Eflj Q)/jI
'fft® rE/il{Efljil

4. (] fljL

6lf)1DI) TUJ S fDlDI)LDIT $6lJw,

QUIT fPjfElDI)WIT $6lJW

(!fJ6lf)(D$6fr

U cDc6i QfljGYf'l6l.J1T ~

6l.J6lf)ilQ)/1DI) 8;$ 6m"u5)61iT esvu: UIDI)il ~ W

@fljW-/ITLrr$

8'rflUJITGM $rTLDlTlm~jlcD@j 6ll1TjI$6Yf)w

(]8'6lf)6l.J fDlT4-8;@j 6l.Jil(!fJI..J1-UJW

Q)/wfr8'~~jlcD@jLUL8;

@ru6l.JlT!l)1 ~ flj WJIT (] L

6161iTU!fJJ $L...L6lf)WULJ ~$M16Wfr Q8'IllUJ


~4-~

fDWt.5)8;6lf)$UJIT@jW. uuflcbcfJ 61coiJ(]lDI)lT®8i@jW fljwfPj WIT6m" 6l.JIT$@j8;@j uuStcbcfJuSt6lfrQ8'rU(!fJ6lf)(DU

6l.J6lf)ilQ)/IDI)8;$6W

~fPj6m" it dfblll 6lJ Q)/jI (!fJ 6lf)fDuflcoiJ W


Q U (D 8; 8in.1..J1- UJ

6lSIc§
dfbrU6lJ 616lfr-(D !L6'ffQ)/UJcoiJ Q)/rOOrr~ (!fJ4-UJrr fPj 61 61iT U6lf)flj 6lSIcoiJQ~roiJw $lTil6m"W UJw ~P1J5fPj8; 18
Q)/6'ff 8;$/UJ6fr6'fflTfr. @fljcb®8;

!§ITGMii

Qu!l)lGU!l)1$6tf)coiJ 61WUfPjW

t.5)6lf)f:PUJ!iY.Dflj6lir6lf)LD6lflUJ 6,lcD!l)18; Q$ITI;;ir6'ff (!fJI..J1-UJlTfPj


$

Q)/LDfr 8'GMW Q8'rUU6l.Jfr $6tf)61iT ~t.5)ut.5)ilITUJWIT

@®[i;fljfPj.

t.5)6lfr- IT 6T coiJlDI)rr~W8'ffiJ$6lf)6'ff ~

Q$IT 6fr6l.Jflj6lfr- f!:PIDI)W @{Eflj 19

rE/61flIOI.J 6'5ll.D l.Dtt rjJ{DC!::p [f)JW Qu[J)JCBU[f)Jai~W

et W rp

~ LSJ- 61flL ufI roO GilltJ U

C!::p 61fl puflw r

Gill61fl61fT u U

tt L

@6l1 tt ~ 8; ai (!}j~ tJ rjJ® W u roO 6l1!!)JU u L L G @(!}jti;~61fll.DuSl61fTrrlOl.Jrr®L.b. LSJ- l.D 6d'I ~


611 tr ~

U [J<iYiJ !.1 U

l.DrrrjJrpl.D61flLU.fWroT!iirU~ @ti;~ ~ai~6Wfr6l1mll6'lil~ IL~rr [J6W tott ai ~8; ai ~ tJ61fl6lJf U.fW, Qairrmrorr6ll~tjJ(:!!j Qc.F!UU.fW~1iJ6lfaiGYf)~rrGL
et W U

c!::p[J~urr@aim @;!:proJ'rGOT
U

l.DrjJ[f)JQl.Drr(!}j ®rjJrpiFCFrr L L rr®w. G6l1~61fl6lJf61flUJU.fW~61ti;~ G ~ L o;JIw airrL@£iw{D6IJffr. QU[f)JGUrjJ6I61fl6lJf ~~rr6l1~ ~6'5lLiD~

IL
~

m ett W
@)1®
C!::p

l.Dtt !!)J~ r;;V ai ~ 8; ® rjJ u@ l.D6bf)f5fDL~~uSI!iir @6llIT.$m

611 f5 tr .$

~ W 61fll.D l.Dtt rjJ{Dc!::p IOI.JW rp tt

61fl @6llITaim ~ Gurr~

ar L LSJ8; ~8;aic!::pW,
tott

6lf) 61fl61fT U tt L @ U

61flrp ufI GOT ~ LSJ- U 61flL UJtt .$ ci U urrcoiJ G l.DiW W


tt L et GOT [f)J

uuSlrjJc.f)61flUJ [JWOl8;®W ~
et W {Drr roO

.$(!}j~uu@£i!iirrp~.

l.D6bf)~ ILmrorr~j;l61fl6lJf6'lilL @w ®

G6l1~ 61fl6IJfU.fW ®61fl {Dti;tJ (!}j8; ®W @6l1fr airorr~ ai(!}j~~rr®w. @6iJ6l1rr[f)J urflcflOl.J61fl6lJf Q8'til~ ~ @)1®
C!::p

@ ~W UJ~rr IT~ ~

6IJf

ai 6l161fT tJ 61fl6IJf Q 8' iW ~ f5 G 6l1~ ~ 6llo;J1 U.f!!)J ,,61fT tt IT.$ m. ~ u®u ~@)1® u
tt til 6lf

Qairrmrorr

c!::pLSJ-UJrrl.DrjJ Gurr®w

roTWUIJ)/

Q8' til U.fw

uf1u u tt .$ GJ) roOQ~ GilltI C!::p 61flrpaiGYf)iWW

roOW IL m et ~ "61fl 6IJf Gill61fl61fT u U


tt rflUJ

@6l1rr ~

c!::p61fl GilltJ c!::p61fl!Vai 8; rp ~

®uS) 61flL G UJ u

@61flLQ6l161f) !E/61flIOl.JUJrr.$ l.Drr[f)Ju@w roTW[f)J

urrIT8;®wGurr~ @t6 ~

aiLL61fll.DULf

6l1rr~

.$rr6Wuu@.$)6irrp~.
et j/ITU61flU

@f5!D® 6'liI61fl61fTUUrrL@6l1rr ~ ~1iJ6llrrrorrfr aim f5l.D1J)I l.D6bf)~ ILmrorrw


uxt !!)JUL~

6'5l{DufJ ~ ®L

6lf) C§ C§ 61fT

rf''" UJrjJrp ~@)1®c!::p61fl{D

~ W 8' r6Jai 6ir UIOl.J[J~W UIOI.J

c!::p6ir 61fl6l1~f561fTfr.GillG8'Ll.Drr.$ IL m rorr !::pW ILL G6IJf c

~LSJ-U U61flLUJrrai@(!}jU 6lf)l.DIT 8'61fTr6Jai~ci ustt rjJ{Diu ai~8;®L 6l5)~C§ II.


tt 6IJf

u~rr~ U@6l1~61fT

@(!}juuj/coV61fllOl.J. ~~~L!iir ~6ir 6'5ll.D8;G airjJu

@;!:po;JI6ir Q8'coV6l1rr8;.$)rjJ® ~

f!j)IOI.JW UJrjJ airrlOl.J~ "'~ ILrorru U®uUmll6lf

~8;.$~.

U L L 61fT. @~W

W61flrorr6l.1rrai aiL L6'5ll.DU Lf6l1rr ~ eatt tJai6ir

"6l5)coV~UJW G~W<iYiJ" ®61uUlLLrrlr. .$ L L 6'5ll.DU Lf u ® "'.$ rorrtt .$ U


611 tt tJ.$

~@)1®c!::p61fl{DuSlroO ~j/ai

tJ(!}j~~iuai61flrorr

rTtluSlroO c!::pw 6'5l6l1~~mrorr6lJf IT.

et U

Gu

tt ~G

l.D c!::p@ IL m rorr~ "61fl61fT U.ftb ~,u 6lf Q 8',u f51J)1 6lJi' L @UJcoVmu 61flrp ai 61flrorrU c!::p~o;JIcoiJ rT~UJrr6lJf Lf.$ 6ir LSJ-(!}jti;f561Jf1r•
st UU'4C!::p

UJ rf)~ ~
rjJ ®

tf)rp u u tt .$

6l.?QJ)QmJurrLCB6l.Irr~ ~~@6tl)m Functional Approarch


~@)1®c!::pm{Duflw G8'lriD~ f!j) IOI.J 8i(!}j~ ~rr 8;.$rorr tt .$ (William James - 1952)

6l5)61fl61fTuurr L@6l1rrj/.$m ~,u 6lf Q 8' ,u


611 ~

lLmrorr ~tl6ir ~.$ ~ ~ 6W IT rrG L 6J'rjJULL

'fft(!}j 8'ti;~fr uu~tl6ir

~ ,u 6lf 6lf) '"


tt L@6l1rr

uUJ6ir u@ ~ tl6IJf ir, @f5~ Gill61fl6lJf U tt L @6l1rr ~ U ~l.Drfl8;.$ 1842 ~£iGUJrr6'5l[J fDrrL61flLU ®61uOILlOI.Jrrw. @6l1fr aim c!::p6ir61fl6l1~~ .$(!}j~j/rjJ®
U

Gill6'5l61fT u u

tJ.$m

ILL~UJcoV
~1OI.Jffi.J
6)" rjJu

rTj;lUJrr61fT fDL~~

0I6ir61fTfrl.D~6l1@5c.f)

6l5)o;JIUJw G~w6riJ

aicoV6J' rjJU@6l1f5rr.$8; 8in.rp c!::p61fl61fT ti;~61fTir, l.D61fTQ6l1@5 c.f) c!::p~o;JIcoiJ LL U16ir 6IJfG [J lLLo;JI UJroO ~coV IOI.J fDL ~ 61fl~ U u~ ~ 61fll.DULf eutt j/.$m urrfr8;®wGurr~ 8i(!}j~~8; Q.$rr ~ ~rrliJti;~ ~ai~~6W

- 1910)

l.DrjJ[f)JW GtJ}rrm

@roJI (john Dewey 1859

6J' rjJu@6l1~rr .$ aiLL @~~ULSJucoVG6ll[f)JUULL ~aflGUJrrlT

@6iJ6'liI(!}j ~@)1®c!::p61flrp.$GYf)iWt.iJ
et~

@(!}jti;~ Gurr tliWw Gilll.DIT8' 6IJfiu ai 61flett (Francis


C!::p

c.f)rpuurr61fT l.DrrrjJrpriu.$m 6J'rjJU@6l16'5l~8; ®61uUlLlOI.Jrrw. @(!}ju UI~w Q8'UJrjJUL 6l1~U.f[f)J~j/8; roJIm61fTUUrrL@6llrr"'ai~d;®

rfI6W tr l.D

611tt tJ

airorrtt 6IJf U1 [JW 6f15)6riJ Q ai roO W L


tt l.D611 tr ~

fr6llrrIiJ 6lf 6l5)tJ c!::p61fl{D.$61flrorr f5m GJf)6l5)L@ ~ c!::pLSJ-UJrr~ roTGOTU6'5l~

Galton)
~

8'rrro06riJ LrrITGillGOT (Charles Darwin) .$ tt [J 6W W U rf)~ d;

61fT 61fl611 ~

61fT • IT

.$ (!}j~ '" rjJ ® W

8in.rp C!::PLSJ-U.fw, ILrorr6l5)UJcoV ~LSJ-u61flLuSlcoiJ 6l5)61fl6lJfUUrrL@ 6l1rr~c!::pw .$LL61fll.DULf 6l1rr~ ~@)1®c!::p61flrpU.fw c!::p[J6Wrr6lJf61fl6l.l.ror6ir[f)J 21

20

arLUJ-8;

o$rrLUJ-UJ iLmUU@jUUrrtll6l.J ~GlJtjJGm!D ~£i Y!Dwurr

eatt j!o$G1r .,,!)IGmGlJo$tOtfIGiJ @@[6~

Wj!UU(ElL6ir

u rr ir ~fJ)/ @[6~ !E/GmrDVGmWGmUJ St[TUrDVWrr6'6T fft@6lJW1L6ir


c!:p6ir6lJ[TrDVrrW. @[6~ ueo a6lJ{f)l St[T iF!'iGm6'6TUJrr0$$
a, 61firGmW~

6lSir§@jrr6'6T ~j!tjJ@jLULrr

6lSiLL6'6Tir.
6'6T .,,!)Ij!o$ a=wSt[T ~rrUJ

fft U u aflJrr 8;£1 aurr ~UJrr 6'6T flJUJ- StGiJ FF(ElUL U flJUJ- St 6ir U

~6ir Gmwu116ir U UJ- @!5 ~ flJU@8;@j @~6ir


fYJrDVW 6)'tjJu(Elw

iLm6lSiUJGiJ GJ/@j@jrr6'6T ~j!tjJ@j o$@~fJ)/8;o$m

rT j!UJrr 6'6T
(] u rrfJ)/w,

St[T iF!'iGm6'6To$G1r6)'tjJUL6VrrW. @jGm!Duu~tjJ@j .,,!)I~@jc!:pGm!Du116ir

a a=Q)GlJ
u@juurrrll iLmGlJm

@!5~ @@ .,,!)I~@j
6l.J Qa=rll ILfW

c!:pQ)!Do$tOtfI~w (]urrfJ)/w uUJroirU(El~~8; c!:pUJ-UJrr fJ)/.

@@!5~

Qurrc!:pj!~w .,,!)I~@jc!:pQ)!D

~Gm6Vu1(El Qa=tllILfW iLm6lJm~fJ)/Gmr;;mUJrrmW18;@j 6T61firr;;m8;o$@8;o$G1r, ao$rrLurr(El85G1r y6Vilia~rrtjJ!D

@!5~

flJrr UJ-u11roir Ur [T~ .JIGm6'6T GmUJ .,,!)IafJ!5fJ)/ Qo$rr m rg,w

QU@LDm@.j .,,!)I~@jc!::pGm!D

@£i; ~

c!:p8;£iUJ~fJ)/6lJW QU£l)J£i6ir!DfJ)/. Y6V8;a;rrL!'i, @GlJiro$tOtfIGiJ Qo$~ £i,;6iro$ir @GlJrT o$61T

~fJ)/Gmr;;mUJrrmrf'i6'6TrrGiJ @j6luStLrrj!@8;o$

8in..UJ-UJa=!5~fr uUr6Jo$m

utjJ6I o$@ilifJ)/ GlrutOtflu51LL iLm6l5lUJ6V6I(§iro$G1r

U6VGm[T8; @)6/uStuoUrrw. auirG1r, ao$rrL..

@@UUQ)~8; III.

(Cally Grenker) QULrf'i8; ur;;O aGlJ£l)Ju UL.. L

(Predric
urr(Elo$m:
0$

Perl) Q[TrrUL 46Ud:.amL6', 46U~(g~rrm!D ~~@fim!D

o$rr8;@jU (Robert Karkuf) aurr6ir!D

St[T!'iili~wrr6'6T6lJir$rg,w .,,!)IUJ-uQ)LUJrr

.,,!)ILffiJ@jGlJrT .

Perceptual and Phenomenological Approarch


@~ ~@jc!:pQ)!D
fYJ6VW 6)'fJ)JG'Iwrr@ Qurr@651m ~ flJrrw iLL6ir urrfr~w

6T61firr;;m 8;o$@8;o$G1r U6VGlJtjJGm!D @6iJGlJ~@jc!:pGm!DGmUJ Q)6lJilifJ)/ c!:p6ir GmGlJilifJ)/6irm 6'6Tir.

(]urrfJ)/ 6lSimrill£i8; Qo$rrmrg,w y6V~(]~rrtjJ!Dw fft6lirGm!Du urrfrili~ @@8;@jW yrf'i£i6ir!DfJ)/. @@8;@jW


0$

c!:pQ)!D 6l5Iurf'iMuu(jjl£i6ir!DfJ)/. 6TW8;@j~ (]~rrtjJ£l)Jw @@8;@jW @~roir

Y6VMrrL!'i
GJ/~LDrr@jw. .,,!)I6I6l.J wtjJ£l)JW iLmGlJm

c!51T6\> "!Jrr~irmS1611r

c!ij,mfimLDWd:.

(gc!5ITLUIT(B

6TroirufJ)/ fftroirGm!Du urrfr~~6l.JL6Iir 6T@JW (]urrfJ)/ .,,!)I@Ju6lJr6Jo$Gmm

fft@GlJ~Ltb
ailUJ~rr@jw. ~@JU6lJW

Person Centred Theory - Carl Rogers (Carl Roggers 1902 _ 1980)


~fJ)/Q)r;;m 8;@j o$rrGiJ Q[Trr ~fr6Yl5)6Iir Ur6Jo$tOtfIuy 1942 _
c!:p8;£i!ULDrr o$d; ~w~ e!P6Iir{f)l

iLmmL8;
wrr~tJ[T~jJa6V

UUJ- fft@GlJ@J8;@j
@jafJuUrL~~8;o$~rr@jw.

yrf'i(l;fJ)J8; Qo$rr6irGlJ~tjJ@j .,,!)I[6~ flJurf'iLw Qa=GiJGlJrr8;@jiF Qa=~~fJ)/GlJfJ)/


6)'fJ)/Qwrr

.,,!)IafJ6l.J wtjJ£l)Jw (]GlJ£l)Jurr(Elo$m

1961 o$rr6V~tliJ@j61T

fft6iJGlGlJrr@ {Jjurfl6'6TfJ)/w .,,!)Itfi/6l.J wtjJ£l)Jw ~@JUGlJ~tJW16ir c!:pj!fr iF!'iUJUJ-UUGmLu11GiJ 6Iir Q)!D8;

(]o$rrLurrLGmL
Qa=tllfJ)/6irmrrir.

GlJm[TiF Qa=tllGlJ~tjJ@j .,,!)ItJ 6l5I(]a=LWrr6'6T urillo$GYfiuQ)u

fft@ ~rg,8;@j

6)'tjJu(Eltb 6T[6~U St[T~!'iQ)6'6T8;@jtb ~wfJ)/ (]o$rrLUrr

<OW (jjl y rfI£i;fJ)/ Q 0$ rr 61Trg, W {!flQ) 6VGmW (] GlJ£l)JU (jjl GlJ~ rr 0$ @ £i;~
0$8;

GJ/~ .,,!)IGmwu UrraU .,,!)IraU 6VfJ)/ c!:p8;(]o$rr r;;m .,,!)IGmwu UrraU o$rr[T6lmFIo$61r
Qa=raU6lJrr8;@jiF Qa=~ilifJ)/6lJ~rr
~6lJo$mrrGlJ6'6T.
0$

.,,!)I~@jc!:pGm!Du11GiJ GJlaa=Lwrr Qu@wurrr06rQ)wuS/6'6Tfr UtjJtfi/lLftb, wjJ!DGlJiro$Q)mu

@jtfi/uStLuu(jjl£i6lir!DfJ)/.

LGmL

c!:pr06rQ)GlJili~rrir.

.,,!)I6Iir!DrrL {JjLGlJUJ-8;Q)o$o$tOtfI6Iir(]urrfJ)/ ~tbQ)LDi.J ub61lLfw !E/o$!:P6l.Jo$6ir tjJtfi/lLfw ~rrw U iLm6lJm


0$

urrir$@jw

c!:p651!Du5IGiJ]GlJ£l)Jurr(jjlo$6ir 6)'tjJu(ElGlJ~rro$6l.Jw @~6'6TrrGiJ U~GlJ£l)JUULL (


Ur[T iF.JIGm6'6T o$m iL@GlJrr ~raU @6iJGlJ~@jc!:pGm!D ~fJ)/Gmr;;muS/6Iir

202Sff
Total Individual Self Concept
23

(] u rrfJ)/ c!:p8; £IUJ~fJ)/GlJwGmL£Iroir


(]~rrtjJ!Dw,

!D~. d){~o$m 22

a, ~rr

[Tr;;mwrr

fft @GlJ6Iir ~w~


utjJtfi/ .,,!)ItJ

Q~rr~J

~GmLJ

(]urrroir!DQ)GlJo$m

Phenomenal Field
3. yCQl)~(]~rrtjJ!D8; 8561TW

1.
6T.GU6I)rrw6lSf)tz,rr$@jGir@jW i§>@ ~w~wuucDaSI @GiJ6lJrr[!)1 w/luu@ ~W~W ~rrw <:!:9IaSI{E~~6lJ~~Girm

!LmUULW

lL6YTm~.

<:!:9I:rfl~~.$ Qa=tiJ~Girm

Q$rrrorWL
#~6I)~W <:!:916lJ Gir ~W8>@j 61~fJJ $rr6l)$

L[6I);'i G ~ rr t;DfJJ.$ $ m W ~~U6lJ(!pW ~@jW. (!p~61ir~wUJrr6lfT6lJ61ir

61 61ir U ~ @~

i§>@6lJerf)LW ~Gir

a,

mm

<:!:9I6IGl./ W , i§>@6lJW

!L@6lJ~WLJL-I8>G$t;DU BTUJ616W6WM@

~@j8>@j

G6lJ[!)1U@W.

616lfT8> @jc6!uOlL6I)rrw. !L~rr[J6WWrr$ $ rorWL rr ~


Q$rrGirm ~rrw

i§>@ ~urr ~tixw>w ~rr~

(Second to None) 6161irfJJ 6T~6W


61roiJ61.Jrr ~L$@jW

8>$@ @ffiJ@j
@~rr@ ~c6!Glf <:!:91~~~6lfT

uf! $ Gl./ W

<:!:91 $ t;DfJJ6lJ6lfT $ .$ !:p rr 6}"cDU@~/l8>

@ ~ ~ rr G L

(!p$$/UJ Qa=roiJ6lJrr $@j~ Qa=~;$~$i~fJJtpJ.

clI[J8>/lUJ~LUJ6I)rrw.

<:!:9I!:P$cDfJJ6lJ6lfTrr$ @@uu~rrGU

~~mcllL

Wrr[!)1uULL6lJrr$Gir. @~6lfTrrr;;i;i§>@6lJ6lfT~<:!:9Ic6!Gl./ ~W1U6lJW wrr[!)1uuLL~rr$G6lJ


wrr[!)1u@w. ~~wlLfw.

$rr~GU Q~rrLrrL[
$i[JW~/lGU ~ t;DfJJ~ w/luu@

(!plil-UJrr/l@8>£i~fJJ~

@61irQ6lfTrr@6lJ6ISf)GU @@(E~
<:!:9I~U6lJ;$/ltjJa$rjJu lL~rr[J6W~/l61iruliIGurr$@jw i§>@ !Lmu

~rr!:pGl./ W6lfTUUrr~~W

<:!:9IliI-MliI- <:!:9I6lJ~6lfTlJrrL@6lJ~rrr;;i; @6lJ~ 6

~6lJ6lfTtpJ ~L~~ILfW
WrrLLrrrr$Gir. Q$rrGirmrr~

GwG6I) $rrLLq_UJ

lLm G~rrUJrrWlUJrr $ 6lJrrtiJUL[6W@. BTUJ616W6W M@ 61~U.1JjI


i§>6iJQ6lJrr@ w6lSf)~~w <:!:9ImGl./8>$/I$Wrr $ WfJJ{EtpJ61liL6I)rr$rrtpJ. ILfW , to

~!:P$cDfJJ !L@6lJ~WU~U8>

Q$rr6WL 6T{E~6lJ~$u5I~w

i§>@6lJW18>@j u5]$ (!p8>£iUJwrr6lfTQ~rr61irfJJrr@jw.


61)

clI[J$/l8>@jGirmrr$ OI[J~.fI~6lfTUJrr$$

@~61n6bT

/I U ~

U ILfW 6}";D[!)1.$ Q $ rr 6YT vrr~ 6I)1LfW ~ rr G io t ~6lfTrrGU ~W~W


8in.LrrtpJ 61~U~~lLfw

6lJrr!:p$~$u5Ir;;i;

Q6lJrjJaSI{!j~L

!L@6lJrr8i£i$

Q$rrGirm

G6lJ6W@W.

Gurr@6lJrrrr$Gir.

Qa=,utpJ Q$rrGirm$
QLDrr~~

GWcD8in.fJJUULL

UI[J ~rr6lfT 616W 6W 8;$@

e!Jl~aSl61ir <:!:9IliI-uu~Lu5IGU, wMGir w$i~UJrr$

2.
Qwrr~~

~6Uf'rr,urr • Total Individual


~61)~

~L~~u1tr;;i;
@@8;@jW

wrrrfJfJJw 6}"rjJu@6lJ~L~ ~~

i§>@ Q~rr@jil

G6lJ~m

wrjJ[!)1Qwrr@

Q~rr@jilufl6lfTrr 61lI[J8;/lILfLrn !Lm6lJm ~~6Wu1t6lir


u5]$Gl./W !Lm~ (!p8;

~6ISf) ~urr 61rnUtpJ ~@6lJ6lfTtpJ i§>@ @j6W @UJGU~u @j~fJJurrL..~L ~6lJ;'i~


Gurr /I~w Qwrr~~wrr$

lLmuOl[J~.fI~$@j$@j
$@~uu@£irnfJJ~.

(!p~$rr@$$/6lirfJJ6lfTrr. <:!:9I{E~{E~ ~liI-uu~LuflGU

~@

<:!:9I6lJ6lfTtpJ (!P@

G u rrtpJ @ {E~ e!Jl61ir[!)1 616W 6W 8; $@8;$@jW


<:!:9IaSI{EtpJ8; Q$rrGirmGl./w, ~w$i6lirfJJ.1JjI· w6lSf)~rr$Wlrn OIuGUJrr $iuu~~ L[6I) 8>$ rr L w[J8:

c£lUJ ton

$ $

~L;'i~~~UJILf

W <:!:9I6lJ~rr ISf);'i~GU 8in.Lrr tpJ. lL~rr [J6W wrr $ i§>@6lJW 6 <:!:9I6lJrn L[~/la= m;;JlUJrr $ $GU61lI a=e!Jl8j~r;;i;

.fI8i$GU8j~6'fT @tpJ lL~clIUJrr

~!:P$t;DfJJ6lJ6lfT rr $ @@{E~ $rjJfJJ6lJ6bTrr$ @@~rrGU .fI6I)G6lJ~m ro[J6lfTrr$, !L@6lJ~WU~U lLUJrr u~clI

!Lm6lJm ~tpJ~6WUJrrm~$@j

@6lJ~

~~@j wilMUU@$i~fJJrrrn
8j,

@6lJ6lir L[$f:PQurjJfJJ UrrL$6lfTrr 6lJ£iuu6lJ6lfTrr$ 61lIL wt;DfJJ8i $rr[J~$m


6}"~Qwrr61ir~fJJu

~liI-$6lfTrr es, 61li~mUJrrL@ <:!:9I6lJ6bTtpJ .d9I!:p$t;DfJJ u5]8;$

@@{E~rrGU

UI[J~<fI~6lfT$Wlrn clIL ~(E~{E~

Gurr~

uGUG6lJ[!)1 G$rrLUrr@8j~6'fT
~w~wILfW
to Uu

<:!:916lJ~6lfT w/lUL[

w6lSf)~6lir lL6I)$;$iI~6lfTILfW, Q$rrm (!Plil-lLfw

i§>@6lJ6lfTrr8i£i clI@£irnfJJ6lfT.
i§>61irfJJrr$ i§>uUlL@

<:!:916lJ6lfT 61GU6I)rr Qa=UJcDurr@$~mlLfw tpJ


L[rfI{EtpJ Q$rrGir6lJ~rn ~6lJ<fIUJw

cfI $ rr@!g)lW (!p~ fJJ~ UJ a=rflUJ rr $ ~~


@j~fJJ~tpJ.$
et

~ 61ir e!Jl6l) tb
61Gir u~~

d)~6lfT $~m

@1!iJ@j8in.fJJuu@$irnfJJ~.

"$rrGUQfJJrr lf1rr~" L[6I)$$rrL.fI, uUJ~Girm 24

~wtpJ G$rrLUrrLliI-GU

clIm 8;$ (!pUJrnfJJrrlT.


"$rrGUQfJJrrl!?rr~" uS/$GlfW

L[6I)~G~rrrjJfJJ ~@!g)I@j(!p~fJJ~UJ i§>rnfJJrr$ ~aSI(!p$W Qa=tiJ~rrrr. 25

i§>@6lJ61ir lL6I)$~/I~6bT

a;rr~t..D c!:p~!DuS1roM a=rAt51~I:P~ ;;5roM~Wa,aa;!iJu ~8;a;c!:pt..D, w'£)~cflUft..D


6,rt;D u@ 6lI ;;5tt a;

@6lI rT CB ;gw ti: to


~~

6lI tDtf) Uf!l)J~ 6TroMU ~;;5

tJ 6U tt rT.

@rDVLcflUJwrra;
"a;rrd;@jUa;"

@®UU~ 8i-LliI-d;

8i-UJdJ)/~L~6lI a;rrLliI-6UrrrT.
L

dJ)/~L(E~

Qa;rrm6llCBtD 6T61rr d!lbLa;~t..iJ u;;5rr


a; 6lJ W

@ ;;5!D a; tr a;

6T6lJrDVrr
~L

t51[JiFd!~6UUfLroM
Q

6lI®t..D ifP®6lIW18;@j a=rAUJrra;6lJW, dJ)/8;a;~!DUfLW1W

a= W@U 6'lfI

U~

til UJtt 6lId! UJW


L

g[J6W ~~6lIw~LUJCB6lI

C!:PUJ!iJd!~;;5 Qurr@i!;gww UJ~;;5 UJtt a;


a;~ CB6WrrL L~~Lm

uroiJCBGlJ!l)JUULL @®U

8i-L liI- 8; a; tt L liI- 6U tt iT . wrjJ!l)JW ~~6lJ


@ ~;;5~6U

t5I [JiFd! ~6U


!LrDVa;~~;;5
dJ)/~LUJ

a; W

dJ)/;;5~6U dJ)/~

IL roM 61ffI UUtr a;

Qa=sJIW@UU;;5roM fYJ rDVW t5l[J iFd!~6U ~UJ 6'lfI~nil.£)8; roM

e duun e«

CB{brrd; @j6ll~
dJ)/liI-UU~LUJrr61rr

Qa;rr W ~ @~6lIa;~~

C!:pliI-6lI~

U/ IJiFd!~6Uuf)roM
~:rfIcf;~
ru/~ffiHi)d;

;;5roM esvu:

dJ)/~jlUJGlJcflUJwrr6UQ;;56U6lJt..D ~ua;" "a;rr


ifP®GlJroM 6l1/®~i!

6l1/~ 8;.£)6Urrrr. @(ECB{brr 8;£I~61rr

CBa=~6lI{brrlilUi!(E~8;

~6lI~~6ir~uliI-CBUJ Qa;rr~
uut

Qa=uJ~ Qa;rrW~8;8in.liI-UJ

1L~6lI~~~~6WUJrr~W1t..iJ ;;5Wc!:pw~~i!W1m CBa=~6lI

u(;;~iTL.ja;m urDV~;;5 dJ)/r§lc!:pa;uu@~jlUfm~rrrr. 1. CB{brT ~w :- @~ WIJUe§ a= 6T~


6W d; a;®6lIrr@jw.

Qa;rrm~;;5roi> u5/a;6lJt..D UUJroM;;5[J8;;;58;a;Q;;56U rjJ!D~i!~6U CB6lI~


L!D ~~LUJ

"a;rr roi>Q!Drr ;}iT roW" CBw;gww 6lIrotS/Uf!l)J~i!6Urr it, g {brrlil-d;@jW 8i-UJ


~Wru/®~

W[Ju®

8'

tJ

UrrrDV~.

Qa=UJ!iJurrLliI-!D®
~;;5~6U

@;;5~6U

ifPCB[J lTjlrA {bLrr~jliF W


~~8;

Qa=6i.xov CB6lI61ir@t.b.
r;;;rrjJUL

@(EiI~rDV~W~UJ

CBa=~6lI {brrlil- dJ)/~L6lICB;;5 !L~6lI~


a;rrLLUUL@m~~.

~~~6Wuf)m

CB{biT~wUJrr6U w6Uuurrnil.£)6UliI-UU~Luf)roi> c!)fGlJ6Urr ;CBGlJ uS/!iJcfI Qa=uJ~ euatit a u d!lb~wa; ~wa=wrra;

CBGlJ61ir@w.
8;

t51[J;;5rr6UCB{brr8;a;wrra;6lJt..D 8i-LliI-8;

Qa;rrm~

8in.I.SI-UJ

;;561ff1UJrrw ~WUJ8; CBa;rrLUrTl.~liI-roi> dJ)/Lri.J.£)Ufm~6U. dJ)/~GlJUJrr6ll6U.


1. 6TroVrDVrrd; La;~w ~

~w

CBw;gww 8i-LliI-8; a;rrLliI-Ufm~rrrr. 8'rfIUJrr6U LfrDV8;a;rrLd!Ufw :- !LrDV~a; a=rAUJrr;u a

urjJr§lUJ d!~;;5rr(E;;5nila;w

UrDV

2. ilrrwrr~uLfw LfrDVd;a;rrLd! @[Ja;d!UJwrr6U 6lSiLUJnila;roir

Q8'uJu6lI6Urra;

@®uu;;5m a;

e!PrDVW GlJrrl:Pd;~a;uf)w CB{brr 8;@jGlJ;;5!iJ@j !:PliI-.£)roM!D~' C


u~Luurr!iJ!D~rDV

;;561ff1UULL~W,

dJ)/jla;wrr6U dJ)/wa=ri.Ja;mu!iJr§I Lfi!;;5rr LfjlUJ dJ)/~wu7t51roi> cfI(Ejluu~, Qa=uJ~8; Qa;rrm~ QurA~w

dJ)/Lri.J.£)UJ!L rDV.£)roi> l:P(E~ Qa;rr 61ir liI-(lJj~;;5roi>. euit


2. etsoeon d!lbLa;ID1f)6U~w
~liI-UU~L

urrrruu~

6l1I(IJj~iI

!L;;56l1/UJrr ; dJ)/~WUfw. a wrjJ!l)JW d!lbmwa; dJ)/~wut51roV

~8;a;;gww

8'8;i!U dJ)/liI-u

t51[JGlJrra;c!:pw
u~LUJrra;d;

8i-UJ ~~L~6lI Qa;rrmrlil-(lJj8;@jt.b. 3. !L~6lI~


~~~6W

(Self

Actualization)

. 3. !Lroir~a;u
@;;5~6U

t51~6WuLf r;;;rjJu@ r
~

:- !Lroir~w

fYJrDVWCB{brrwwrr6U (Positive) 8i-UJ6Tmr6W 8;a;(IJj~

dJ)/ ~

to

til Ufti: ,

til d;

Qa; tt

w ~ roi> CBGlJ~

@t.iJ. @;;5roM e!P 6lJW r;;;r~Qwrrm~!D 6lI~iT~~8; Qa;rrmm


~;;5

.!91 L d; a; C!:p tb !L (IJj 6lI rr@jt.iJ• ;;5tt nil $I d; Q a; tt 6ir ett r;;V ,

CB;;5rr !iJ!l)J6l1/uuCB;;5CB{brr d;a;Wrr@jw.

@jl:Puuw~LUJrr;;5 UJ;;5rriT~;;5wrra;u C!:p Uf Q ui 61rr liI-

;;5m~w, urriT~;;5r;;V
a;u @

sJI[Jd;jlUJ~LUJrr~w, CBumviT!D u~Lfa;~~ t51~6Wi.J~u CB tt L a;


u tr L

Qa;m;irGlJ;;5roM e!PrDVt..D !Lm~

CBwwu@~jl8; liI- ~
6U

cf;;;5d;
8i-LliI-8;

rfI ,$ @jW

"a;rrroi>Q!Drrg;}rr6YiJ" !:pm~GlJ~;;5 ~Wa:ri.Ja;~~ c


UrDV~W8'ri.Ja;~61T ifP (IJj 6lI "Q[JrruL GlJtt

CBwrDVjla;wrra; cfI!DUurr6U
tt rT d; @jt..iJ IL

1L6'fT6l1/UJ6lJrr~rra;m

a;rrLtil-ll.jroir~6Urr.

rn

a;rr 8;@jUa;" (Robert Karkuf) c!:pm ~GlJ~;;5rrrr.


a; uf16lJ

;;5m~

W d; ~

6TtJ rTu

UJrTGlJtt 6U
T1

26.

~m

@6lOL~

QfDrrLfrL5I6lO~ fr. w~fDfr

6TroiJGlJrr [5ufr er,@jW


@Qw61ir£l)J er,sm61ir .!'r8ier,roiJ 6TWlw

[5roiJGlJ (!:p6lO{Du.fIroiJ
CJurr ~ ~(5fDfD(5~

II.

6l.JITWQLDIT~c;\)

6UIT ~

Qa:6ill.D@U,-!

suar if ~ ~ 8; Qer, rr Gir 6fT CJru~ ru6lS)UJ£l)J~tlUJm6fTrr QfDrr @jtlu.fl~rfl6lir

.. er,rr 8; @jU er," 6T 61ir U eu if @jlPUuQwrr6lir6lO{D8i fr. @(5fD

(Non Verbal Listening)


CJ<F6lOeu [5 rr IS/- er,6lOfD U U ~
d9{6lO<F6lJer,6lO6fT ~rufDrr~ fD er,eu IDVer,6lO6fT j,

@6lOL ~ QfDrr Lfr Jl6lir !LmCJ6fT


@fDdJairr er, 6TroiJGlJrrW~fDfr

CJU rr 61ir CJ{D (!:Per, U rr eue» ~ er,6fT d9{ffiJ er,


{!pGlJW

er,rrL@rufDrr@jW. 8in.1S/- tffJUJjler,m UJ


~@ffiJ@j

er,@jW eueait ~~8; Qer,rrm6fT 8; [5rr IS/- 1iil1/(]<F i.so«er, uu.fI iJ.!'ru.flroiJ

U ufD6lir

uroiJCJru£l)Ju U LL

(!:p8i$lUJ

UGlJruiJ 6lO{D er,rr 8i@jUer, (!:p6lir 6lOru~~m6fTrr

II L IS/-8; [J

Q cr,rr Gir 6fT (!:p IS/-UJW 6T 6ir U ~

@ffiJ @j

(!:p6lO{Der,6lO6fT 6fTeuea ~~6lO~ !L

@j6luJlLuu@£I6lir{D~.

Qcr,rr67W@ru(l!jfDroiJ CJru61W@w.

III.
(01) ~~~msrfr~
~ j, ~ ~

Q~IT6Of'

@6ULD

Qa:6ill.D@U,-!

(Empathy)
~ L@ ~ if 6lJ 6T 61ir U ~
[5rrlS/-ufl6ir

(Tone And Listening)


CJ<F6lOeu [5rr IS/-uJ) 61ir
LJrfI(5~8; w~ QfDrr~u5)6lO~ d9{6l.J6lir Qrusmu.fl@w JI[JiF.!'r6lO~6lOUJ CJ<Frrer,wrrer,~ fDrr~ fD6lir6lOWu5)roiJ CJ<F6lOru [5rrlS/-u5)6lir lOlS/6fTffiJ£l8i Qer,rrm6fT @j[Jr:;&roiJfDW~ gfrruwrr~ (!:PIS/-UJw.

if fi1/ d9{IDVGlJ~
<FrflUJrr~

JI[J iF.!'r6lO~6lOUJ Qcr,rr."rrufDrr@jw.

(!:p6lO{Du.fIroiJL6fTru6fT ~~6lO~UJrr6fT6lir ! ~6lO~


LJ@j(5~ urrfruufDrr@jw. @fDWlrrLrrer,

CJrufD6lO~ ~~

~roiJGlJ~

~fDrrru~

!LGlJcr,j,tl6lO~ ~6lO~
fD6lOGlJu1@ {D~.

JlGlJ <F~fruuffiJer,stf)roiJ Qrusmu.fl@w


@(5fD

er,(I!j~~M6lO6fT Qrusmu.flLGlJrrw.

!L6fTru6fT~~6lO~UJrr6fT6lir [5rr IS/- <FrFiUJrr ~ Q<FuJrufDcix5b

CJru6lO6fT !L~frfi1/

<F(5fDfruuffiJer,smroiJ

(!:p6lO{DuJ)roiJ !L GlJ$l6lO~ 8i er,rr~


!L6fTru6fT ~6lO~UJrr6fT~rrroiJ urr~ Q<F61l)w@j,

u fDiJ@jW

CJru<f>wrr er,6lJw, CJ<f>rruwrr <f>fi1/W 6lOru[Jrr 8i$lUJ~~LWlw 6TroiJGlJrr <F(5fDfr u uffiJ er,sm~w ~6lO~

(!:pIS/-£I6lir{D~.

@fDcb@5 a.umu

[5rr IS/- ~6lir 6lO{DCJUJ 8in.{D

ruyf/UJrrcr,

!L6ir6!IJu

fDIDV ~ru.i)UJwrrafJ6ir

Q<FroIl..Cl@~roiJ

6T6lirU~ CJ<F6lOru [5rrlS/-u5)6lir t51[JiFJl6lO~6lOUJ d9{6l.JfDrr~wrr<f>


LJrfI(5~~fr6lJLWlw

tom.: Lrr 6lir 6T6lirU6lOfD er,(I!j~ jliJ Qcr,rrGir6fTroiJ CJru61W@w. ~fD~ rrroiJ QfDrr ~u.fIWlrr u:« er, CJ<F6lOru [5rr IS/-u.fI6lir JI [JiF .!'r6lO~uJ)6lir ru~1OlS/6lO~
(Weight) d9{c61(5~8; Q.er,rrmm CJru6dr@w.

CJru61W@fD~LWlw,

CJer,LufDrr@jw.

@fDiJ@j {!p6lir£l)J

ru6lOer,u5)GlJrr~ Q<FroIw@~fD6lOGlJ8i

@j6luJlLGlJrrw.

(02) I.
~6lO~ 6T6liru~
~~rrroiJ

LD~U61f'~!lD6\l

(Respect]
Qer,rr@8icr, CJru6dr@w. d9{ru[J§jJ !LGirm

run.iJ

QLDIT!:PUI-6OTITQJJ

Qa:~~ Qcr,rr6dr@

(Verbal Listening)
CJ<F6lOru [5rrlS/-8;@j [5roiJGlJujlroiJ QwrryS/cr,m lOlS/~rr8ier,6lO6fT~
QfDrr@~~8i Q<FIiil1/(]UJiJ{DroiJ [5rrlS/cr,(I!j~~8icr,@j8i@j

[5rrIS/-UJL6lir

CJu.!'r8i

CJru61W@fD~L6lir ruiJ 6lO{D $I [J $I ~~,$


f»"~CJwrrfr W6lO{Drurr~

Q<FlOlS/w@~fD~L6lir Q<f>rr Gir 6fTroiJ CJru~ <F8ijl [5rrlS/-

~jlroiJ
@w.

Qer,rr61W@ CJfD6lOruUJrr~ CJ[5rr8i$liJ@j (!:P[J~

IOlS/U[JffiJer,6lO6fT$I6fTrfl8i Qer,rr6dr@ Q<F1OlS/w@~fDroiJ

(!:p8; $IUJ CJru~@w. ~ru~ ~

tott ~

6TroiJGlJrr
6T61ir{D

@ffiJ@j <f>(I!j~~uu@$I6lir{D~

. .!'rGlJ CJru6lOGlJer,smroiJ ~6lO~

~Ler,@j8i@jW

(Potential) @(I!j,$er,~fDrr6lir ~(I!j


w6!IJfD6ir

rr er,u CJusrru6lOfDUJw

CJru6dr@w.

6TuCJurr~CJw

a<F6lOru

~6lO~

[5rr1S/-6lOUJ<FrflUJrr~

ruy51u5)roiJ@L@iF

Q<F6lir£l)J Qcr,rr61W@

~IS/-U6lOLu.fIroiJ d9{6l.JWl8i@j Qcr,6fT[Jruwsm8icr,

CJru61W@w. ~(I!j CJurr~CJw cr,6lO6fT LJ{D 8; cr,~ 8; er,CJea rr ,

CJ[5rr8i$lcDCJcr,cDU 8in.£l)JU6lOruer,6lO6fT Q<FlOlS/w@iI;fDroiJ {!pGlJW IOlS/U[JffiJcr,6lO6fTU QUcD£l)J8i Qcr,rrm6fT (!:pUJcDcfI~fDroiJ CJru61W@w. 28

~t1I LJLf) [Jrr UJffiJcr,Gir cr,(I!jj,~,$


19

6Ttlfr 8ier,CJrurr 8in.Lrr~.

cf)a 67fT gfr euuut 67fT :L 6m [JUJtt L 6mrru a; L IS/-QUJC!:J(LlL.Jru a; fDGiT !5 roV rru a fDtt fr @,f:PraJ)Wlm LJrfIUJtt fD rEl6m rru uJ)roV ~ru a;®ihfPi£,a;6m6fT !56lf167fTwrr ;iJ: a=rfI Qa=liJfDroiJ a aru~@w.

(yJ eotb

(as)

!L6lfCir6mLO~

~6Or6mLDlJ.jLi>

~!Dffi~

LDliOTnr6m6\)~

fr 6m eu 8; ® W

(Genuineness and Openness)


IL6fTru6fTihfP6mG7WUJrr6fT61ir 6TLiJurr ~w iI!D(1;fD fD61ir6mWILfL61ir@®ihfDroiJ W6m!D8;a;8; 8in.LrrfP. @L(YJ~@. aru~@w.

(03)
aa=6mru aru~@w.

gW!!)Ja;Qa;rr6ir6fT6U

(Acceptance)
ruu(]ru!D!DroiJ aru~@t..iJ. ~ru[J~ LJa;WfDroiJ 6Tf;I[Jrr 67fT Qa;rrm6fT

aru~@w.

fP6mG7W !5rrlS/-8;® aa=6mru

~~6m!DILfW 6Tua urr fPw

W6m!D8;®WaurrfP !5rrlS/-6mUJ !5roiJ W67fT~Lrn ILm6fT a;®::5~i£,a;.mroiJ (Negative) @w[61 a!5[Jrr67fT (Positive) ~wa=rilla;6m6fTu Qwrr y51a;6ir (yJrruw ~a;!D!Dl8; ulS/-uulS/-UJrra; cl!aa=Lwrra;

!5rrlS/- ®f:PUUW6mLUJ QfDrrLfrUt6m67fT 6mruihil®ihfDroiJ

!5W Ut8; 6ma; ILfii: fD6fTit {i;fP 6lf!@w. CFr(YJa;Wrr67fT @6mLcl!6m67fTih


(as)
6fW

a a=6mru !5rr IS/-ILfLGiT

~ a [Jrri£,$1UJuut 67fT uilroiJ ®G7W!!iJa;6m6fTu

Qru6'f'f'Uurr<B

(Self Disclosure)

ruy51UJ6mW::5fDroVaru~@w.

(YJiJ:a=rrliJrurr67fT{CfruLJi£,a;6ir aa=6mru !5rrlS/-uJlGiT!5rruWli£,a;rr a; :L6fTru6fT ih~6mG7WUJrr6fTGiTa!5[JIS/-UJrra;::5 fDWfP ~Wl 6J"!DuLrrurrw. ~Wl uruQw u ru!!iJ a; 6m 6fT QrutOYf/ uJ)L a ru~ IS/-UJ ~rufr a= {i;fDrr u u!!iJ a; m ~®rua[Jrr !5roiJrruQfDrr ® fP6mG7WUJrr6fTa67fTrr~roiJrrufP
tt ~

(Non Prejudgernent) aa=6mru !5rrlS/-6mUJruu(]ru!D!DroiJ aru~@t..iJ. cfl6m!DuJlroiJ @®i£,®w Qa=liJfD ®!D!Dih6mfD @ru6ir ~®rurflw

ILfDrr [JG7Wwrra; ®!D!DW a=rrLLUUL@ Ut6ir6m6fTQUJrr6ir[6l6ir (yJrruw @L(YJ~@. aurrliJcl!@w. @ru67fTfP

w~ fDa;uuw
fD~wrr67fT

w~ 6J"!D[6I

~[6I{i;fD

@y5Irurra; a!5rri£,$1 ~ru6m67fT ruu(]!D!DroiJ 8in.Lrr~.

@6'iJrurr[f).l Qa=liJrufDGiT u!!iJa;aW!DUL 6TC!:J(uU (YJIS/-UJtfP t

Ut[J iJ:cfl6m67fT a;6m6'ff Qru!D[6Ii£,a;~L 6m!D8; 8in.[f).lDroV f Qru6lfluu@ili£,


(07) 6T~rurr!flLi>

afDrr [J6mG7W ~roiJrru~


(yJ su

(Ego) ILG7Wfr6lf8;®U

ii: a a=6mru!5rr IS/-8; ® fDW 6m W

@fD67fTrrcoiJ!5wUti£,6ma;6mUJi£, a;LIS/-

a;rrLLrrurrW.

(Confrontation)
6TilrfI ~®ruWlLW @®tE~ Qa;rr ~@w a=wurr6l!Jtrr6m67fTLJrf)ru~fDu
f!j tt IS/-

(04)

!L!!)J~rrliOT

!fI6Or6mLO

(Concreteness)
6Ttftfr rurrfDw 6TWU~ ueo 6lSI67fT d; a;6m6fT::5 Q fDrr@d;a; tt @fD!D® au
tr GiT fDcoiJu. !D s

a a= eneu !5rr IS/- ~6m G7W tt 6fT~LW UJ @L(YJ~@. 6T tJ rT u


tt rT

cf)rru a= UJrill a;.m roiJ a a= W esveu

UJfDrrfr ::5 fD::5"!D ® UJfDrrfr~fDwi>!D a={i;fDfr uffiJa;6lfIroiJ u iF

~ita;wrra;

@rufra;6ir

a!5[JIS/-UJrr67fT uit6mrru
6lf) [J 8;

wrr!D!Dwrr67fT

a;®~it~roV

Qa;rr~@w @®i£,®w

uu

tt rT

a; """.

ell rru a=tEfD rT u u!!iJ a; W7 60 a!5 [J IS/- u

~ tOYf/<'i tt 6m W uJ) 67fT <DO a a=6m eu !5 tt IS/a; tt

tJUJ6m L

tJ<DO
su ~

cfI{i;fD6m67fT a;@9i£,®6'ir ~[6Id; uS/a;6lfw ~rufDrr 67fT ih~LWlw,

UJ

~<DO

@@)Id;a;Wrra;6lfW, a=611rr~i£,®Lu@ihfDroiJ Q fDtt y)l <DO

LJihila=rr ~rf)UJwrr a;6lfw, a611~@W. uS/a;6lfw fr LJ a; L IS/-

!5wUtd;6ma;UJ!D!D t6)6mrrud;®iJ: Qa=roiJrrurrurrw. ~fD67fTrr roiJ 6TUaurr ~aw a a=6m eu !5 tt IS/-d; ® a!5 [JIS/-UJtt 67fT :L[f).lf;IUJtt 67fT u it coiJ a; m ~tOYf/::5fDroV aru~@w. @roiJ6cnrru. cflrru a={i;fDfr urilla;6lfIroiJ fP6mG7WUJrr6fT6m67fTuurfLcf)i£,®W U !5rrlS/-aa;6ircl! aa;L®w a=(1;fDlruuffiJa;@9w @roiJrrurrwroiJ a!5rr i&$/roiJaa=6mru

CFr(YJdiWrr a;6lfw 611rr iliF,a; a~@t.b. CFrLIS/-d; a;rrL@611fPLw CFr a; to tt 67fT !5 <DO su Q fDtt ® (YJ aru~@w

u5/a;6lfw m67fT a; gfr611wrr a; ~fD~

rf'tJ UJtt 67fT Q fDtt L

6TC!:J(UUUULLfD61ir Ut61ir67fTfr fDrr61ira~ 6TWU6mfD w!D{i;~ cl!LlDIJrr a;~.


31

6J"!DuIS/-61ir 6Tilfr611rr{!jW Qa=li.JfDroiJ

30

(08)

1LL..6'OTlp.UIT

a;

c!)f.rofi\)~

~rr~LDIT a;

(Immediately)

C8W rDlJif 8i W fT8i : ZL6YfU u®u

LJ:if UJ

~ ti: IF riJ 8i 6YT ~wlFffiJ8i~6Yf

U rDlJ l.J!D ~ !D 8= 6

C8IF rT~ ~

U mu 6lJiF, C88ifT L._u tt L@iF,

®fPfT uS'Iw ir c!9Ififf)i>~6'fr 6Yfesvu: ~uJ~~ C8fbfTiF,®w C8ufT~ ~:if (YJiF,.$)UJ ®fPfTu51wrT

LJrDlJWfT.$)6iT!D~' @~6iT
ZL6Yf6l.J6Yf ~~IOImUJfT6YfWl~

lFfE~irUUffiJ8i6'fr 6JdJuLrDlJfTLD. ZL~fT[JIOImWfTi 8


§) ([!jruWl8;

ZL6YfU u®u @LMI~w

UfTuJ6lJiF, C88ifTL UfTL@iF, QU!J)J£I~!Dwir.


C88ifTLUfTL~L

~!D Q8ifT ~ rDlJ (YJ UJ!DrfI QlF uJu.tW itLLi>it~w 6J!D!D fbroiJrDlJQ~fT([!j iirwfTWW C86l.J6W@W. ~fT witiF,®w
@L(YJ6W@.

IL 6Yf6l.J6Yf ~ ~

~1OIm

~UJfTir QlFuJ~iF, Q8ifT6W@ fiT@~~ C8UfT ~

~fTwitiF,a:; (YJli/-UJfT~. ~~{iJ8ifT8i ZLLWli/-UJfT8i~ ~~rDlJuf1L lL([!jrufT 8i IL6YfUU®UUfTuJ6lJ @iF,C88ifTLUfT@


(YJ~!D8ir@jiF,®

(YJ6rir~6l.Ji>{!> UI[TfTuJL ILLULL ru~[J


fb~L(YJ~!Duf)roiJ

J)iF,8irDlJfT tiI~rDlJ~w8im w

rufT:if8i6'fr

@~

@([!j~~

WfTtj)!DWfTW 8i([!ji>~iF,8i~6Yf ~W~


C88ifTLUfT@8i~6YfiF,

(YJ6rir~6l.JiF,8i (YJ~w~~wir. sr roiJrDlJT IL 6YfrruJ) UJroiJ f


8iLli/-

@:itroiJ IL 6'fr6Yf tfI[T{!>fT W

W fTt;D !Dw UJfTQ ~~roiJ

N.

IL6TTUU@UUITW~

c!)f§lI!!)J@@QD(!)

rruJ)c§r§fT~8ir@jW

fiT(!£luu

~uJ6lJ

(Psycho Analytic Approach)


~it8iWfTW
(YJ~!DuflroiJ 8ifT [J~8i~6Yf

8"m.LffiJ 8i6YffT8ii> Gl{!>rfl6lJ QlF uJ{!>~

6l1I rfl6lJ~[T
~li/-UU~L

W6W L U ffiJ8i6'fr, £BIfT roiJ 6lSIC8lFLWfT8i fiT6W1OIm iF,8i([!jiF,8i~6Yf


et 6rirU6l.Jir

rt'I~rDlJUJffiJ8i6'frwt;D!J)Jw ~[JfTuJiFJ)8i6'fr 8"m.LffiJ8i~6YfUJfT®w. ZL6Yf6l1lUJroiJ 6l1I~fT~8i6'fr


cl'i6Yf iF,.$)u.t6'frYfwir. 6

w~~

fbL~~8i@jLb

1L6'fr6Yf:i>il~

ZL6Yfcl'iUJroiJ l'i@jr§fTW i>itroiJ @([!j~~ c ~rDlJWfT 8i ~6l.Ji>~ ~6l.Jir 8i6'fr @~~


(YJ6rir ~6l.JiF,8i (YJUJ6rirJ)J6'fr6Yfwir. ~W !

QlFUJtj)UfTLli/-tj)®W

ZL6'fr6YfQfb([!jffiJ.$)UJGl{!>fTLirUl~w w~~

uroiJC8ru!J)JUULL fT8i,

~uJ6lJ8i6'fr ~rDlJW C88ifTL..ufT@8i~6Yf


fTroiJ UI[JfTuJL

1L6'fr6rrW GllFUJt;DUL 6J ~6l.JfT W LJiF,8ififf)roiJ ~~®(YJ~!D8i6Yf


@~tj).$)~LuflroiJ

~W~

U uroiJC86l.J!J)J ~~wu 6l1I6l.JfT~ffiJ 8ir@jW

w([!j~~ru

~~8=~lF

~~rDlJUJ~~~
IL

~6l.J~C8{!>

~U6lJ8i~6Yf

C88ifT LUfT@8i6YffT 8i (YJ6rir~rui>~6'fr6Yfwir. ~ir iF,~ffiJ 8i r@jW, ~WUJWfTc$ ~6l.Ji>C8~ fbL~~W.

UI[J~fTWWfT c$
8ifT [J~8i~6Yf

C8Wd;Q8ifT6W@6'fr6YffTirfiT6riru~ ®aSluUlL~~.
ZL 6Yf C8fb fTUJfT6YfrT 8i ~ 6rr u.tW , fbfTli/-8i~6Yfu.t W ~rui>C8~

UI[JfTlUL fiTUC8ufT~w IL 6fT 6Yf C8IF 6!fI6l.J


fTroiJ

,$W6l.J([!jw @[J6W@

6YfU t..fl [T8= rfI~ W

~~6l.Jc$6YffTruw.

U rfl# rDlJ6!fIW fbLfT i>:itu.t6'fr 6YffTir• ~~w

1L6Yfcl'iUJroiJ l'ic§r§fTW c 1. 1L6'fr6Yfi>:it6rir QlFUJt;DUfTLli/-t;D® 6Jt;DuC8ru ~Lc$GYfI6rir C86l.J!J)Ju@£I6rir!Dw,


2. ~Lc$fiff)6iT ~8;iF,8iroiJc$6'fr fbL~~~uflroiJ

C88ifTLUfT@8i6'fr fiT6W1OIm iF,8i([!jiF,8ir@jiF,® C8W~fT 8i C8UfT 6rir!D UI[JC8UJfTi 8 lLuC8UJfT.$)8;8i (YJUJ6rir!D~w

!bLi>~{!>u.tt.iJ

ZL6'fr6YfW, ~ iF,8iroiJ,1L6Yf fiT(!£liFJ) wtj)!J)Jw ~r@j~W ZL6Yfcl'iUJroiJ l1Ic§r§fTW fiT6W1OIm 6 d;8i([!j8;8i~6Yf (YJ8;.$)UJWfT ®aSluUlL8; 8i8; 8"m.li/-UJ )6rir!DfT®t..D. §

1L6'fr6Yf uroiJC8ru!J)JUULL

C8~~6l.Jc$6'fr
@~

,_ro~ 1L6'fr6Yf>it6rir GllFuJUfT@ fb~L QU!J)J£l6rir!D~' i

U UJW fTc$ U roiJC86l.J!J)J U U

L.. L

et mT 101m 8; c$ ([!j 8; c$ 6fT

LJ:if UJ

6l1I:it(YJ~!D8i6'fr

UrDlJ @iF, C8c$fTLUfT L..@iF, ®fPfTuS'Iwir

lF~c$i> :itt;D®

Glc$fT6!fILUJfT c$ ~UU6!fILUU~roiJ

Qrutj)aSI c$6WLwir.

20 W £BIfTtj)!DfT6Wli/-6rir~[Jwui>itroiJ
1856 - 1939)

J)8;W6WL.. UI[JfTuJL.. (Sigmund Freud rufT~i>:it~w (YJ6rir~6l.Ji>~ IL6YfUU®UU~uJ6lJ @~6rir ~[Jwu


C8c$fTL..UfTL..@8; ®fPfTuS'Iwfr UrDlJfr@([!jfE~ C8ufTitS21w c$fr i>~fT IOl.Jw, uS'Ic$6lJw C8c$fTLufT@c$6'fr ~~~~

fiT6riruruir IL6rrUU®UUfTuJ6lJ
Gl8ifT~LUJfTc$ ~~

lF~c$i>it~

(YJiF,.$)UJWfT W

§)([!j6l.J[JfT 8i6lJw

32

33

@(!!jUU61.Jfr. tSi[JmUL

"<f)8;LD~L

tSif]mUL"

fiT~ ueumt eutt it, @$lJiJ®8;

8irr [J6WW "8irrroiJfL/riu", §) (!!j ~ 61A61iT (DL ~ ~ $lJ 8i~

$lJ6l1I[J @!i;~ G8irrLUrn_:_(£l8; ®!::fJrru51~rf)roiJ ~Lriu®w "6l1IroiJ6l5IUlt..iJrf)8;","fiTroiJt5I[JLfiTLGVfr",

"fiTrf)8;t._f][JrrWrr",

"Q8i[J~~m;;~i1" UJ[JrrIiILl.S/-~rrc;;O (!f!~CD8i~6fTfL/W (!f! ~ CD roO ufl ®!::fJrruSl~rf)c;;O utnueunea fr 8im

8; ®tiJ

~61iT CD L 8; $I rf)~ Ul8i@j8; ® tb tt


ci, ®<i

Gu

tt 6llT CD s: 6fTIiilfI Ul roO

IiilfI c§ C§ tr ~ 8i 6lT 4 ~
(!f!~~UlcliroO~GV. ~@)l®

s: 6fTU u ® U u tt IiI IOl/

Ul [J$lJrr~

uitt

8i

.fL6lT6fTW 5,l!DULL

QCFroO eutt
UJw~fr

QCF!iJ.!j~~ru$lJrr ®t§/uurr QCFUliJU(£ltiJ

8i

G8irrLurrQLrr61iT~CD

~8;8i
LD[f)J

.fL6fTuu®uurruJrurr6fTfr UJ[J~cf)~~QUlrrW[f)J $lJ~~LD~Ul ~~LDru$lJrr8i8= ~Ul "tSi[JrruJL" .fLmmw LD~$lJ u®tI

8im 8rLl.S/-8; 8irrLl.S/-fL/m6fT~fr. 8i ~ru~~

8i .fLmu

(!f!~~ru8;8iUULL 4~ ULfI ~ ~
"<f)8;LD~L LDrriJt§/Ul~LD~$lJ~fr. tSi[JrruJL"

G8irrLurr(£l8i~6fTfL/w

.fL6tTmtiJ

~ $lJ~ ~

#'[J tt ci, afI Q {DafI W eu tt ~


.fL6fTuu®uurruJlOl/8; §)(!!jru[Jrr8i .fL6fTUU®U

~l.S/-UU~LUlrr

LD~~rT 8i61f)~ QCFUliJurr(£l8i@jw @$lJiJ®


a, 6tTm

@~~rrGGV (!f!8;$/UlLDrr~

8rLl.S/-8; 8irrLLuuL(£lmm~. .fL6tTer LDrr®tiJ.

~l.S/-uu~LUlrr~

8i~8;8iUu(£l$/61iTCDrrfr.

~tiJ CF 8i s: m 6fT~ tott

~ 1!61iT QCFUl iJ U rr(j}l8i6tT


~w 8iroiJ6l1I,

<f)GV CF!i;$lJfr uriu8i61Ac;;O GLDiJ 8in.CDUULL u tSi[JrruJl.S/-~~ 8i(!!j~~8;8i~6fT GurrtJ!iJ.!jw 4GVUUL6l1IroiJ~. 8i(!!j~~8;8i~8;® (!f!61iT~ru~~ @ruri-8irotT

Q$lJrf)Ul8;ao..l.S/-Ul LD~!!J6l.lrr~ GLD!iJ.!jtiJ 6l1IUrf)8;$/~ tSim~6fTuu(!!jw, QCF!iJ.!j~ru~~ QCFroiJrurr~8=

@(!!j (!f!~CD8i61f)roiJ QCFUlroiJu(£lru$lJrr8i G{DrruJ Gurr~CD fiTroiJGVrrruiJt§/!iJ.!jw Qru61ALD~W @(!!j8;®W

uroiJGru[f)JUULL~W
tSi[JrruJLl.S/-LuSI(!!j!i;~ Gru[f)J ~(!!j

et j;![Jrr~~LDrr~

CDrrfr. et roiJGVrrLD~~rT61A~

UJrf)!i;~

QCF6M[f)Jm6fT ~CD
et 6llTu

6l1Irurr 8i eun W8;~8i,

G8irrL

urrLQLrr6llT

GLD!iJ.!jW ®t§/U,jLuuL(£lmm~.

8i L l.S/- Ul ~ U 4 eu tJ roO Q eu cD ufI Q

8i tOW (£l6lT 6fTtr rT8i 6fTtt

{DL~~$lJuS'!c;;O ~6irCDrrL
LD~$lJ {DL~~uS'!roiJ .fL6tT6fT~it6ir

{DLrul.S/-8;~8i8i@j8;®

(Conscious) 8irr[J6WLDrr8i @(!!juu$lJrr®w.


urrrf)UlmlOl/ Ul LD[J6W tb CF ucli ~ $lJ~. ib tSi[JrruJL(£lw, UJUl rrG8irr @$lJ61iT UJ61iT~ fr

LD~j;!c;;O LD~CDfii~ 6l1IGCFLLDrr8i

QCFroUrurr.$@j8= QCF!iJ.!j~~ru$lJrr 8iIOl/W


6l1Im8;$/fL/m6fT u5)~8;®W CF(!f!~I![J~itc;;O

1939roO UJ[JrrliI L (£l~L


.fL6fTuu®uurruJlOl/

®t§/utSiL(£l6tTm~.
"UJ[JrruJL"

@fii$lJ ~~GV~LD~Ul QCFUliJurrL~L

(!f!~CDuS'!c;;O UGV j;!(!!j~$lJriu8im

QCFuJruj;!roiJ @rufr8im

QruiJt§/ 8i~Lrrfr
et 61iT uru@tiJ

8im. @riu®
fiT~6W~

fiTrf)8; fiTrf)8;CF6ir (Erik Erikson) uSl8i IOl/tiJ (!f!8; $/Ul ton ~Q~~

U~M~8;®

~utSiLLm6fTrrfr. Conscious

8iL l.S/QUJ~u

fiT(£l~8; G~rr~

8irr~Ul

tSidJa;rrGVft;j;lroiJ "fiTrf)8; t..S/(][JrrLDrr", Q8i[J6ir j;!(!!j~il ~[JrruJ!i;f!jI ®t§/utSiL~$lJ8;8i~.

(Karen Horney 1885 -1952) Gurr6irCDrufr8i61A~rrc;;O Qurr~rurr8i


u®UUrrliIlOl/8; ~tiJ $lJ!D8irrGV .fL6fTcliUlc;;O

SeaLevel

~~LD8;8iUULLm6fT~LD
urrfr 8; ®tiJ Gurr ~

l-----r--+--.fL6tTm~it~~ ~~ruUlrrru~. 1. 2. 3. {D~1Ol/ LD~W {D~rul.S/- LD~W {D~6l1I6l5I ~W

@~LLD~tb ~I:PLD~tb u®I!8i6fTrr8iu

Sub Conscious Un Conscious Mind

G8irrLUrr@
CF 8i~ ffi.J

er oW 6W ci, 8i(!!j UJ [J tt IiI L. (!f! 61iT eu ~ ~ UI [J $lJ ~ ~ tr


@(!!jUU~LW
fiT~U~W

LW fYJW[f)J UJ[J~rr~
UJrf)~~6tTmrrfr.

®c61UUJL~~8;8i
et tOW 6W ci,

LDrr!DCDffi.J8i~8;®6tT6fTrr8iclic;;O~GV eutr j;!8im


6W ~

®t§/utSiL~~8;8i~.

@8;G8irrLurrL(£l 8i @
a, 6fTeu 6fT~

(!f!6ir~ru~~

Ul [J $lJtt ~
Gru~@t.b.

~~

Q $lJ yf1!iJ.!j ci, ® tt (Conscious) (Sub Conscious) (Unconscious) 35

tSi[JGUlrrCF~LDrr~

(!f!~CDuS'!c;;O .fLm6fT~

fiT~U~

@ffi.J® 8rLl.S/-8; 8irrLL

34

Q6l1GYf)w~w m6l1~iI®8>®w. @m6l18;mm !lm~6lS!!D®8> @mLW~W

c!!){67JirmW8;rTfijV~l)r;;iJ !EL!6{ljm6l18;mm

@jrTU8;~I)r;;iJ

{ljWffJ/ 6lS!m8>8;~ilr;;iJ ILmm ~m{lj fYJGlir U®il8;mrT g)J c!!){~8;mrT6l1~. 1.


2.

8;U UJrfI ~ffJ/mmmT.

@ffJ/ uSl8;8>®g)J£lUJ8;rTfijV@jrTU8;WrT®W. lL{ljrT[JmfJWrT 8; ®g)J.$IUJ8;rTfijV @jrTU8;~ tlroiJ @®~ffJ/ Q8;rT6lr1ir@6l1[JfijVrTW •• @fijV®61lIroiJ

@Glirg)J 8;rTmfijV CfrTUt.SiLLQ{ljGlir~? C]!E!Dg)J IOTW~ C]6l1mfijVQCFri.JG{ljW? @L. w-C88;rT 8rUuir FFC]8;rT 6lS!fijVffiJ®mfJira=!I (lO) u6lr1irUrTL.@mfJir a=!I (EGO) Q{ljUJdi8; ILmfJira=!I (Super Ego)

3. IOTGlirUffJ/ @jrTu8;~ilr;;iJ @®!6ffJ/ ffJ/rT[JwrT£lUJu®ilUJrT®w. (YJUJ!D.fI !ff6lr1irL8;rTfijV@jrTU8;W c!!){r;;iJfijV. ueo CF{6{ljirUUffiJ8;GYf)r;;iJ @{ljm~ U8;roiJ CFrTUJ)LLQ{lj~~? .$IWmw8;®6'ti" @jrTU8;uu@~il8>

8':' (lD)
@{ljmulS/"@L" Q8;rTmm8; <:!lb!:pw~l1iJ® ~UUrT8; lL6irmffJ/. "@L" "8ruuir

QCFUJffJ/ !lm~6lS!r;;iJ Q8;rT6lr1ir@6l1[J (YJlS/-lLfw. lL{ljrT[JmfJWrT 8; (YJ{6m{lj!ErTm !EL~{ljm6l18;6'ti" Q8;rTmmfijVrTt..D. {ljrTliJ C]UrTw!Dm6lJ8;mm !I[JW~ffJ/L~rT6l1/lJl 6lS!C]CFLWrT8;ff6lr1irL 8;rTfijVWrT8; jrTu8;~ilr;;iJ ulS/-{6/lJlmmm6l18;m ! @ "8ruuir w-C88;rT, lL~mlLfw FFC]8;rT"!lmfijVmw <:!lb[jw~ilw u®iI ~Lrill.!JlLfmm/lJl.

fYJfijVWQru6YflUU@6l1{ljrT8; t51[JrTUJL. 8rLt.Si-8i&rTLt.Si-~rTir. @{lj!lJ® C]WfijVrT5 e !E~6lS!ro6IIOTWUffJ/@jrTu8;~iI~ J)6'ti" mmmUJcF w6'ti"mmuu®6lJw ril8;I:P6lJ8;mm~ GUrTm!D {ljrTtU w!D~ffJ/ @®{6ffJ/ ffJ/rT[JWrTIUJ U®il8;mrT(f!jliJ. £ sureoti», «!!>I:P Q8;rT6!W L ®W~ m{lju U®6l1tiJ, @{ljm~ tI®tiJu 8;rT[JmfJWrTe5 1L®6l1rT8; ~®6l1W1mLUJ "@L" !ff6lr1irL8;rTfijV@jrTU8; CF8>~ W!DutJ)C]fijV, !lmfijVmw

CF!6{ljITUUI!iJ8;GYf)r;;iJ !EL!6{lj J)[J{ljrT~ @®8;8;fijVrTtiJ.

c!!){il8;WrT 8; QCF~6lJrT8>® QCF~~ffJ/6l1{ljrT8;a=8rLlS/-8>8;rTLlS/-lLfmmrTir. @ffJ/ IOTUUlS/- @®uWW1W aDmL.$ ®w t.Si!DUt.SiiJ®u IOTmuffJ/ fY®6l1®.$®u fYGlir!DrT®w. @L

riI m ~

6lJ 8; ® 8; 8; Q 8; tt 67Jir 6l1[JroiJ @

ell [JW W tr 8; @®8; 8; fijVrTtiJ • ell su

fY® rilmfijVmwUJrT®w.
t.Siw 6l1mir a=!lUJmLlLfw

"FFC]8;rT", "8rU UIT FFG8;rT" lL{ljrT [JOWWrTe5

CF!6{ljir UffiJ8;61f1~ !E~6lS!tOillu1lw !l§1!LrT 8; @LUQUUJir6lJ U !lm~6lS!!D® Q8;rT6lr1ir@6lJ[JYJlS/-ILft..D. ( 8;rTfijVuu®ilu1I~

IOTUC]UrT ffJ/w fY®6l1~ ffJ/ CF.$ilmUJ.$ 8;rTL@6l1{ljrT®W. wC]~rT6l1!1UJw, 8rUJrTl~ (YJ8;I!iJQe5rT@.$®w {ljmmw "@LlS/-m"

UJrTC][JW1W ~ ®6lJ IT 8;tt {ljtOill C]{ljtt r;;iJill UJm L ILfW C]U tt /lJl c!!){ lj!D r;;iJ 6 {® "t.Si[JrTUJL" {ljWffJ/ @!J)l~.$ @mUJLj, 8;~6lJ !EL~m{lj8;m6rT UlS/- ~mg)J.$Q8;rTm!J)l 6lS!6rT.$8;W C]UrTW!D 8;mfijV8;m t.D6rT @jrTu8;~iI!D® C]UrTffJ/ @{ljm~ fYJfijVW <:!lb!:pw~~~ C]6l1g)Ju@w. !lfijV <:!lbL8;m @{6{lj ILm (YJc6Im6l1~{ljrTffiJ£I.$ Q8;rTmm

1OT@$8;$ 8in.lS/-UJ{ljrT8; ®{6{ljrTir. @ uSl8; (YJ$£/UJ ~WCFWrTe5$

@UJfijVrTffJ/lj!DQ8;rTmfijV QCFUJUJ6l/W ~{ljIiilffl.$8;fijVrTW. { lOT "@L." IOTWUrT/lJlW @UJ~g8i&~ilm~


(INSTINCT)

ILm6l1m~ffJ/m~u1Im ®6'UUlLfijVrTt..D.

6)"!Du@~ffJ/w. @{6$6

@UJr;;iJg$8;W @[J6lr1ir@ Ulrfl6l1rT8;U t.Sirfl8i&uu@.!JGlir!D/lJl. @g)Jil8> 8;rTfijVffiJ8;61f1~ "t.Si[JrTUJL."ILmm ~ilw (YJm!D8;6YfI~ 6lS!m$£IlLfmm
lOT tt ir.

QCFUJ!DUrT@8;mm C]6l1!J)l !E~ 6lS!tOill iJc6IUJ. U


6,I

C]wC]fijV 8;rTLLULL

mT mfJ d; 8;® !l§1!Ltt 8; @jrT U 8;W wiJ g)JW c!!){{ljW1 rTC]L

iJ u@w

L 2.

6l1rT~W @UJ~g$e5W W[J6W @UJ~g$e5W

(EROS) _(THANATOS)

ur;;iJC]6l1g)JUULL !EL~m{lj8;m QCF~6l1rT$® QCF~~ffJ/W (YJm!Du1Im~ C]W~ W <:!lb[JrT a=!I QCF IiJ UJffJ/mat tt it,
36 37

6lJfT~W @lLJroilg8;a;w ~@6lJ@8;®% @tEfh r£I~rov~w

fOTlOIiru~ 6lJfTl:f!611fh(iJa;fTa;~1OIir!DfTLW (]fh~6lJlLJfT61Jr ~IJI- U ~L uf/coV fOT W ~ r£I~rov ~WILJ


tt ®W

W[T6W @luroilg8;a;w

fOTUGUfT~W

@W~CF,

~lOIiru

r£I~lDI)~wa;~6YT

GJlI@LJL-I Q6lJg;u LJL-IJ)6ir (]fh~6lJUu(fjlw UfT~ILJGiJ iL~r;;Ua;6ir

Q6lJ6l'f)U U tt (fjl Q CF $)6ir !D$5I. 6lJ1OIir uJ QCFILJcoV a;fTwQ6lJ , @@~ 6JiJu(fjl$/6ir!D~' @~ $l~~w~6ir6YTfT®t.iJ Q6lJ<OYf)lLJfT $/1OIir!D$5I'

61,

6lJ~ fh ~~ 8; @fh~6ir fhro~w

arlLJ ufT~a;fTuLJ J)!DUJ)GIDI)

(!:plLJtjJcf)a;6fr, wtjJg;uw ~L~IOIir!!J6!lT. iLuf/rf)lLJroU arLIJI- 8; Gw~w @fh~61Jr $)~L8;®W

Q8jfT6fr6YTroU, fhtjJQ8jfT~rov (!:plLJtjJ<fIQmufhroil GUfTlOIir!Dfh6ir~W8j6fr ~fT~LtjJ W[T6W @lLJroilg8;8ji5~~6ir G wG rov ® Qug;uwif

fOTlOIir!D @[T~(fjl ~@6lJWl8;®

u®$la;<OYf)GiJ@~ L J)[TfTlUL"

GJlIe§@jfT 61Jr W61Jr6lJroJI~WlLJfT a; "cf)8;W~

a;fTLIJI-61HfTfr. @lLJroilg8;a;%~roU iL6fr6YT GJ/G8'L ~WCFW fOTUUIJI-GILJWlW

61U J) L
urj)61

fOT IDI)t @ILJ coV 8; 8j1liJ8j ~ 6YT W cf9I~ L{i;~ tDiJ t ~ U.J @fh61JrfTGiJ"@L" ~ ® IJI~Glf)6ir
616l1T iF.

~~LtE~

Qa;fT6fr6YT8: QCFuJU.JW (!:p1LJrj)cf/lLJfT®W.


~

iLUfTlLJ tE~.$

Q8jfT6ir6lJfhcD® "@L"

iLtj)CFfT8jW Q8jfT6ir$/ro!D~' LJrf)tE~6Wfr6lJL6ir Q 6lJ GYf) W 61Jr l tDiJ t "tS/[TmUL"

6lJy5) uf/G rov tt , ~tDiJ rov~ iLLroJItjJ® ~®w.

8; aD[Tu5I U LJ (!:P ~!D uf/G IDI)T ~~L f QCFlLJtjJUfT(fjl ~LUU~ QCFILJrj)UfTLfT®W. ~6lJfra;6fr ~fhWlfTGL

QCFlLJcoVUL WfTLLfT

Qa;fT6fr6lJfhtjJ® ~@6lJ1OIir fOT(fjl8;®W tS/[TILJ%fh61JrWfT®W. iLfhfT[T6WWfT a; ucf). QfhrAtEfh GUfT~~W ~~LQUg;uW iL6fr6YT%~Wl6fr, @$5I cf9IGfh fOT~frUfTfrUJ)~61H $5IiF.a;w~L6lJ$5IW @fh~61Jr ~@6lJ@~ Qa;fT6fr@9wGufT~ a;tjJtS/M G6lJ~1JI-1LJ ~cf)lLJu5Iroil~lDI). W$)!::p8:cf/ILJ~LU.JW

Bin.!D U (fjlaD 6ir !D~ . U Q6lJ<OYf)uu(fjl~$/IOIir!D~'

Q 8j tt 6!W (fjl~ 6YT cf9Ic616lJfhcD®Uueo

cf9I$l8jWfT61Jr~6lJ8j~6YT "@L"

fOTlOIiru~ ~L8j<OYf)1OIir ~L%~fhu51101ir (]UfT~ @(6$l~IDI)~W~1LJ

@lLJcoVufTa;G6lJ

~~LtE~
G6lJ~6YT ~

~[TfTuJ~cf)8j~6YT ~LfT i5i1U.J6ir6YTfTfr. @ilroiJ 1. wG61JrfT6lJcf)ILJW(~c61~u51roU) 23. arlLJtt $C61Jr in.L.(fjl~ G CFt 6lJ B i 8j61Jr6lJGl516YT MW 6lJ8j 6YTe!:P IDI).D ~ IDIf) Wl6YT t
ui ~!D

GfhfTcoVGJ/ILJ~LU.JW GUfT~

Hypnotism Free Association Dream Interpretation tEif@8;®W 8j@ {i~ 8; .g;6mm

a;fT6W iJxra..lJI-lLJfhfT; SL6fr6YT a $51. UfTroiJ lLJroiJgMW 6JtjJu(fjlw GUfT~ ~fh~61Jr8; @ GJlI6YT $)8; IliJ ~U.Jg;uihilU.J6fr6YTfTfr. ufhw @$5I Gl51rA{J;fh 8j@~6ir6YT ®£Pl$/ILJ LD6lITuumiu@jLIOIir J) [TfTuJ L." ~1OIir!DfT®t.iJ. iLfhfT[T6WLDfT8j "8jfTWW" fOTlOIir!D. "8jfTWW" fOTlOIir!D

@~

Q8j tt 6YT 6YT Bin.L tt $51 fOT U ~ fh " cf/a; wlOlir L 8; IOIir UfTroiJ@lLJroiJg8;8j%~tjJ® GCFfriF.8jUUL(fjl6ir6YT~.

u®UUfTuJ6lJ

QCFuJ6lJfhtjJ® "Ui[TfTuJL."

iLtjJCFfT.g;W fOT(fjli5~6irmfTfr. 8jfTrovriu.g;6lFlroil"tS/[TfTuJL." 6m8jGl51L.L ueo

QU6YT%fh Wfh ~lJI-uu~LuSlroiJ ~@ Gl51rA{6fh8j@%~LG61Jr Ufhw ~wQUfTc618j6l'f)~61Jr ~~LU.JW

wG61JrfT6lJcf)1LJ(!:p6m!D6m1LJS/tjJUL.L t GUfT iI~w


a, m U

snutt $C61Jr Bin.L(fjl8: GCFfr6lJ e!:Provw W6m!D{6~ £lLiF.®w iF. U tt uJ 6lJ ~@ll®

% ~@u~u(fjl%fhGIDI) @6iruwtjJ!D

fOTlOIiru~fh~ arL(fjl6lJfhfT 8j tS/!DULJ (!:Pfhroil 6 6lJ1LJ~ 6lJ~[T cf9IWlU6lJW @{6Ifi)~IDI)~W UitjJ8jfTrov%~roiJ 6JtjJu(fjl6lJ~

cf9IWCFriua;~6YT% GfhlJl-8; Qa;fT6ir6lJilroiJ "tS/[TfTuJL" Q6lJtjJc61a;~(fjl61rmfTfr. u®u (!:p6m !DuJ)roU a; 61Jr lJ 6illm 8; a; W u5)8j 6lJw 6 Q6lJtjJc61a;[TwfT61Jr(!:p~!DQlLJfT lOIir!DfTj "tS/[TfTuJL" 6J tjJg;u8; Q8jfT~(fjl61r611"fTfr. 8 ~@ ~ufr a;fT@llw a;61Jr6l/a;~6YTiF. ®c61uiLfTa;a; Qa;fT~(fjl @fh6m61Jr ~fTuJiFcf) (!:p~!Du51roil u®UUfTuJ6lJ QCFuJ~ uec ~WCFriua;~6YTu QutjJg;uiF. Qa;fT61r6lJ$lroiJ"Ui[TfTuJL." Q6lJtjJc61a;~(fjl6ir611"fTfr.

iL6ir6YT~. tS/6ir~6YTUU@6lJ%~roiJ ~fhfT6lJ~ @6irUWfT61Jr ~IDI)~ gfr%~ W!DM G~[TlJI-lLJfT61Jr fT$lutS/~61Jr 6JtjJUL%~$/6ir!D~' U @lLJroiJg8;8j%~~61Jr @{J;fh ~WlU6lJriu8j~6YT ~L%~fhu51~61Jru fhlliJ£IU.J6ir6YT~. 6lJ1LJ~ 6lJ{6fh ~@6lJ@a;® UfT~UUfhfT8j

QCFuJU.JW~roiJlDI)~ QCFuJlLJfTfhfh6ir~wu5)(]1DI) $/~L8;®W ~WlU6lJ%~61HfTroiJ @(6fh $l~rov~w Gl516YTiF.$/61JrfTfr. (!:p1LJ6ir!DfT~W ~ila;wfT8j "Ui[T"fTuJL" Gw~w

38

39

r:r·(8o$rr (EGO) ~rrmr

6Tmr!D ~o$L.burr61.lI.b 4~tilUJrr®w. "@L." <frrfDrrfT~ @~rua;~8;~~L~~ !LGlT6YT~;i)~61fT fDrrd;a; rftiluSiroiJ

1.

FFGa;rr !L61f1ir~w Jft~(iitJ W61fT <frrL.J't Jft~(iitJ 6TGirU~ <f~a;~it<ou @fD~61fT ~(f!j 6l5IfD ~i£,w 6;JtjJWd; Qa;rr6Yr6YTUUL.L ~(f!j[EuiT ~[lWUW ~~LlLfw 6T61fT6JifJWd;

2. ~(f!j ~1DYf)61fT ~rr d;a; rftiluSiroiJ~~wILfW ~ 4~til ru6YT 8: cf)UJ~ L UJ ~ru61fT ~ iT ®wuu ~6ir!DrrL "@~" Q<froiJrurrd;dJ~61fT8: Q<f~~~dJGir!D~' ruGirc!:p~!D, <f61W~L ~ru~;i)(f!jUU~ ~c616l.J C!:p iT8: cf) G [E[;/Lq .. UJtt 61fT tl ~llI-d;a;llIJfta;w~~w "FFGa;rr" <fwJft~(iitJuSiroiJ rurrwa;~a;8;® [EL8;®~ <frrfDrrfT~ ~(f!j a;~~~

"FFGa;rr" !Lmr~w uroiJGruw wdJf:i,J5J'tUJrr®w. "aruuiT

GlfIfDWrr61fT Q<fUJtjJurr@a;mtfff)J6Yr

Jft~(iitJ~wa;~6YT

Qa;rr6Yr6YT(iitJrrw.@fDfff)J6Yr QfDlDYf)rurrru~ 6TGir675TQru~<ou 6TuGurr~w FFGa;rr" Jft~(iitJ~W w~fD~Gir !LUJrflUJ ~~d;a;~tiI~61fTd; a;rrL.@rufDrr®W. W61fT <frrCJ't 6TGirU~ 6;J~wrrrr ~Gir~!D Q<frll ILfw ~([!jru6ir

~~tilUJruJ'tUJwrr61fT fDrra;d; Qa;rr6Yr6YT(iitJrrw. fDGirUlll- QrulDYf)rurrrflUJrr61fT @

~W~

w~w~

c!:pfT~urr@a;~6YT

a;~@uu@~;i)

<f~a; clia[lrrfD5 Q<fUJr;;V ruGir Q<flllfDrr<ou @ !LfDrr[lVim"wrra; UXJ!5f/fDd; Qa;rr~(iitJ UlGir 61fTIT <fe!:Pa;~;i)6ir W61fT w~W~ ~di fD [ELrulll-d; ~a;~6ir

Jft~(iitJ~wuSiroiJ ~ru~tiI(f!j~fDroiJ @fD~61fT ~([!j !L61W~Wd; ~~d;®

"FFGa;rr" 6l5I61fTrrroiJ Q<frllUJuu@dJGir!D~' !LfDrr[l~wrra; ~fD~61fT 6T{6fD@L~tiI~W ~~d;a;Wrr61fT

~fD61fTrr(iitJ~LlLfw G<frra; !Lmrrrrurr®w. ~ru61fT~LILf~ W61fTGrufD~61fT

Qa;rr6Yr~a; steaeomi»

W(iitJffiJa;y5Id;a;GfD~~ruuUlll-Gir c!:pUJtjJcf)~fDrr~w 6l5IGfTrrD~ fDGir~w f ~~~LGir

Q<frllUJ c!:pllI-UJrr~. "@L." @fD~61fT ~ruJ'tUJwrr61fTQfDrr~!Drra;d; tiI(f!jUtlUJ~LUJ c!:p~!DuSi<ou <f~a; "FFGa;rr" ~fD~61fT

,Qru{f)lut5iifJ®6Yr6YTrrfD<OU, ~~Muu@fD<OU ru[lGrutjJ4w, QfDmtrurra;d; aruuir urflarw,

~(iitJW ~fff)Jd;(]a;ifJu@w

!L~6YT5<f~(iitJ W61fT <frrCJ'tUJrra;d; Qa;rr6Yr6YT(iitJrrw. <f~a;i£,it<ou !J~L~W ~(iitJ'w !J~Ld;®W GrufD~61fTILfW, Qru{!)J~fDroiJ ~<OU(iitJ~ fDiiidrL~61fT t5i[litu~u4 :wILrra; @{6fD Jft~(iitJ~W 6JifJu@w. Q<frll iutb <f~a; GlfIG[lrrfDU

~tjJ!D c!:p~!DuSi<ou Q<frllrufDtjJ® <f~a; cliafTrrfD5 Q<fUJ<oua;~~ @rururrw 6;J~W [EL{6fDrT<OU ~

c!:pUJi>f/ Q<frllILfW. "FFGa;rr" 6Tuaurr~w c!:pUJtjJJ't T@d;a; WrrL.Lrr~. 6 utjJc6! QurflUJ6YT6l5I<ou ®wuuc!:pw

8in.{!)JrufDrr61fTrr<OU "@L."

GrufD~61fTILfW ~~LlLfw,

Q<fUJr;;Va;~6YTaruurr F1'Ga;rr" fD@uufDt.D® C!:P~61fTILfW. " @fDGirUlll- "@L.", FFGa;rr U[l6rUU[l c!:p[l61WUrrLrr61fT @([!j wG61fTrr Jft~(iitJa;6YTrr®w. ~([!jruGir JffituSi~61fT wit~~ [E<OU(iitJ ®61IN woofD61fTrra; wrrtjJ{!)Jru~ "aruuir FFGa;rr" 8in.!D(iitJrrw. "@C@w", "aruurr FFGa;rr6l.Jw" @fDGirUlll- urrird;®wGurr~ [E(iitJGira;~6YTd; Qa;rriiidrL

"aruuir

FFGa;rr" Jft~(iitJ~W

<f~a;~itfff)J6Yr ~67ir!Drr®w.

@([!j{6~

~ruGir

t5i!DdifDfD67ir WfDW,

6TGirufD~61fT ~ILfWiDitd;

t5iGir eueai: 8:J'tUJ~LILfW ~llI-uu~LuSi<ou "aruuir "aruuir [E<OU(iitJ~ Qa;CL~fD

6l5IG<fLWrr a; ~~d;a;w, @fDGirUlllurrrrd;®w

GlfI~u5IUJ ib , a; eotr <ftr fT~ , C!:ptl iTdi GfDrrir ~c616l.J~ fTa;6ir 6T67ir u fDGir ru6YT([!jw ~Gir!Drr®w. Gurr~ ~<OU(iitJ~ FFGa;rr" 6TGirU~ FFGa;rr" W~fD !L~fDwwrr61fT ~([!j c!:p67irwrritrfl~a;

@{6fD !L6YTJft~rov~UJ G[Errd;®w Gurr~ ~GirWd;Qa;rrGirw c!:p[lmrUL.L @fD~61fT ar([!jd;a;wrr a; t5iGirru([!jwrrw 1. 2.

@([!j <fd;ita;6Yr 6TGiru~fD !L6m[l(iitJrrw. ®c6!ut51L(iitJrrw. @6iruwrr®w.

4rf1fE~ ru6YTir5J'tUJ~LILfW

rgpir !LfDrr[l ®6mwrr®w. "@L." 6TGirU~ @UJroiJt5I(](iitJ ifJU@!J6irfJJ rurr~a; ~ "FFGa;rr" 6T6irU~ ~llI-UU~LUJrr ~~d;®6Yr a; ~rui£,~ 6T~rufDrr®w.
41

[EL~~fDuSifff)J6Yr @([!j U/fTfDrr61fTu®ita;~6YTd;

Qa;rrmr@6Yr6YT~. ~fDrrru~

6;JifJu@w fDrrd;a; rfitUJrr61fT 4i£,it~UJ

40

3.

UJ<Jjrrrr <Jj~ilm ~

rgpL@GU!)rrdi @6lfl<Jjdi ®c6Iuu1L~rrw. 6l5I@u5IUJwrrdi@/W, 6l5I@u5IUJ~il6lflrn !DL~il5

01.

6lJITW6lJ!p $IiMUUU®6lJLD ~@GlJUJ~

(Oral Stage)
GlJ6lfl!)Uf 6Yr6'/T dirr ~ us ~ LffiJ ®t..D • Q<Jjm;;~f)6lflUJ ru~uu@~tI Qdirr6Yr6'/T tS/dJdirr~idlcoiJ

4.

"BTurr I'FGdirr" 6Tmu~

Qa=coiJSllw ~mCDrr di@/W Qdirr6Yr6'/T~rrw. @tE<Jj 6Tmr6'WM@ dirrL@$IwCDrrrrdi6Yr. @@uu~Lm ®il6lfl!)u1Im UW :L6'/T6l5IUJ~rr6'/Trrdim 8in.£r)Jwaurr~ @L6lflLUfW, u rr diGUrrdi@/W :L<Jjrr!)6'W W urrrflUJQ<Jjrr@ @L. 6TwCD ®tl6lfl!)8;®

UI CD tIroiJ @@ {6~ {6<Jj @uu@ru~tlroiJ <!:p6lflGUUfLo.~

6lS)aa=Lwrrdi

!D6lflLQuCDrr6l5lLLrrcoiJ tS/m6lfl6'/Tdi@j~U

l'Fadirr 6lfl6lJUfW ®il6lfl!)UJ rr di@/W, ®il6lfl!)u 1'FGdirr 6TWlw ®il6lfl!)u U~~6lfl<Jj diL@UU@~~<JjcoiJ

:L6'/TUtS/!)5.i16lflGUdi6Yr6}"iJuL rurrrUUL/mr@. Qa=UJiJUL~ <JjW~ @mU8; Q<JjrrLffiJ®$ImCDGU. GdirrLUrr@di6lfl6'/T ~ildi

rurrrU!El6lfl~u1!coiJtS/m6lf)6'/Tu1!w

ueoti:

:L6'/T, utreo @UJroV&!:,8;diffiJdi6Yrrurru1l6lflGU ~lS/-u U6lflLUJrr di 6lflru~a1D a=[6<JjrruuffiJdi61F/coiJ 1J)[66lfltfjalLl ® <!:pUJiJi) Qa=uJUft..D· ®1J)~1D Q eu GYfI ru rr rf) UJrr rn
uitt

urr dim ueo Qa=coiJ6lJrr di®di61F/Wl6Yr @ffiJ® tfldi!:p$lmCD~.

Qa=UJiJU@~<Jj

@<JjmulS/- ueo Qurr@Ldi6lfl6'/T <!:pUJ~ t.D • @!E <Jj a=!E<JjrT :L6'/Tuu®uurrrU@/ ~~®<!:P6lflCDu1Iw UlS/- ~@ ~61F/GU~ ~@j6lflW6lflUJ JL6'/T 6Tm£r)J @L<!:pmr@. ~tldiwrrdi

rurru1lcoiJaurrL@

@mUW6lflLUJ

uu

ffiJ di 6YfI rn au rr~

Qa= roiJ un 8; ®di6'/T rr roiJ Ul6'IT6lfl6'/T e uflw 6l5I6'/TffiJ$ldiQdirr6Yr6lJ<JjiJ® ~6lJGU~ BTL.lS/-8; dirrL.LUu@$IwCD~. <Jj6!ff7 UJrr G1T "UI!)rrrUL." ~ @j 6lflW
~

!DL~ 6lfl<Jj flroiJ u

iJ CDW 6}"J U L i 6ill@ru<Jjrr~t..D, 111-

®1J)[66lfl<Jj6lflUJdi diru~UJrr~ <!:p6lflGUru<Jjrr~Lo tS/iJuLL ®

!L6'Wrr@/di6Yr, wGUuurrffiJ®di6Yr, @{6t616lfl~6lflW6lflUJ

6T@5.!/di6lfl6'/T a=rflUJrrrn <!:P6lflCDu1IcoiJ 6l5I6'/TffiJ$ldi dirr6Yr6'/Tarumr@w Q <JjWl L rn t61wCDrrrr. ~@j ®aSluUlLLrrrr.

UI CD @/ !DL ~ 6lfl<Jjdi@j8; ® W 6}"iJuL~rrt.iJ.

6TcoiJ6lfl~ Wc6I urr~dirrM

dirr~ffiJdimJcoiJ U~<Jj

IJ)!E 6lfl<Jj

<!:pdi ffiJ Q di rr@8; di a ru~

di~Lc616lJ<JjiJ® 6TW£r)J aurr~ $I L.lS/- UJ

tJ) 6lfl6'W !E~ G1T 6'/T !DL ~ 6lfl<Jjd;

adirr~ffiJdi6lfl6'/T Ul6lfllJ)uflm ruGlS)Uf£r)J~tI :L 6'/T UI!) 5 #)6lflrn di6'IT@ U Q<JjrrLrrL/ @@uu<Jjrrdidi

aSI 6ill6'/TffiJ$ldi Qdirr6Yr6'/TcoiJarumr@w


@<JjWUlS/~@j6lflW a!Drr8;®t..D 6lflW 6lJ61T 5 #)8; $I6lflLuflroiJ tT

~@

euus tlroiJ @@{6~

e!;Pw £r)J 6lJUJ~ 6lJ6lfl!)Uf6'IT6'/T dirr~ ~ tlroV ® 1D @ffiJ® ®IJ){66lfl<Jj ®<Jj~il6lflrn

6lJ6'/Trr i)6lfl6'/T i!!J~ 5

tfl6lfl~UU@6lJW

~!)t..DUwrr$lwCD~.

UI!)<Jjrrrn U@6lJffiJdi6'/TrrdiU Ulrf)~~ a!Drr di$lUf6Yr61Trrrr. 1. 2.


3.

6lflWUJwrrdi 6lflru~<Jj Qa=UJiJurr@di6Yr e!;P~w @G1irUW6lflLUJ 6TUaurr~w <!:P6lflGUUfw. @ffiJ® :LLGlS)coiJ UI!)<JjrrGU :L6'/TrTilUJrrGU urrGlS)UJcoiJu®tI t.D ~ 6lflW an rn CD • us su ffiJ di yf) 8; ® ib ~ <!:p6lflGU$lmCD~. @j<Jjw !D!) ib L/ di G1T 6T rn urn @rn u a=6lfl<Jjdi G1T , ®<Jj~il6lflGU G!Drr di$lu QUUJrrru6lfl<Jjdi dirr6'W <!:PlS/-$IGirCD~·e!;Pw£r)J ruUJ~
eu 6lfl!) ® <Jj ¢l6lfl ~ U u@ru

6lJrruJ6lJy9 @muu ®<Jj6lJy9 @~uu

u@ruw U@6lJW

Oral Stage Anal Stage Pliallic Stage Latent Stage Genital Stage

urrcoiJ :L£r)JUL/ @muuu@6lJw W6lflCDtfl6lfl~ @muuu@6lJw @GU6ill@~iI urrcoiJ @WUUU@6lJW

Qa=UJiJurrLlS/-m
to tjJ

e!;P~w ®1J)[66lfl<Jj@WUW6lflLUJ

4. 5.

£r)J tb

Q u @ffiI ® L roiJ, CD • @!E ~

~ @ ~ <JjfiJ di @jd; ® G1T 6'/Trr 6lJ <Jj n f r 6}"tjJ u@anrn


tJ) if> di rr ~ ffiJ di GYfI roiJ

e!;P~ ib tJ) G1T 6lfl6'/Td; ®


ui

¢l6lfl ~ 6lflW 6lfl UJ$ di rr !) 6'W W rr di 6lflru ~ ~

a di rr u tb ,

crfI W 8=

an, ~

6lfla=di G1T ~W

au rr rn !D diy51~w

:L6'Wrr5.i1~6Yr6'/Trrru<Jjrrdiu

tS/!)rTlUL ®c6IutS/@$ImCDrrrr.
43

42

U uf) rjJd/ILJW @Lllll!Jrr

tu ~:i)roiJ

67 rjJu@$I1Oir fJJ~. ~!Jwu

u(!!j611~:i)roiJ

~~a;£Icl/@611fJjrr~w.

fJjW~ fJjrr,u

w~ 67~W

Jlf!)l CBa;rruw 67iJU@fJj6u CBWiJBin.fJJUULL CB611~@w. @!J~@ d){UULilcl/(!!jib ira; ~ 611Gl5iILJf!)libil

a;.fJjfl;:i)!Jwrr a; @fl;fEL611Lil-8;6"6Ia; fELfl;fJj CBurrirs»w cYJ6"6I6M$1m- fJJ~· a=eyJa;ib:i)Wlm !616"6I@)6"6I tu


~ I::P U

d){fJjm- U/m-6Mfr uu5){ixfI Q a=iii tu ~!Jwuu

eyJ @) u: us @)r6Ja; yfI d; ~ tb Q a=Ul!D U rr@ a; 6"61 IT <F 6

t1I m 6"61 IT 6
@fl;fJj @m-u

@fl;fJj :L6IT {i/6"6I@)u5)WlrrLrra; 67iJu@£Im-fJJ~' :L6IT !6I6"6I@)a;(€!Jjw 67 iJu@611~ fELa; a;rrcl/L {i/m-fJJrrit. CBfE!JLil-UJrr urr :i)uUl6"6I6M 6M L rr roiJ U1m 6"61 Yruf)1Oir 6
lOT

fJj6l5lfr a;a;u ULcoi;

U/m6"6l6IT QurjJf!)l8;Qa;rrm(€!Jjw U/!JmuL

:i)fr a;rr @) ~(€!Jj6"6lW


IOTro "U/!Jrr,uL"

uu5)rjJJI fJjrrm- @6"6IruG/Ul6M Jl8;w~L d){fJjrr611~ "@L" 67iJu@£Im-fJJ~· cYJ!J~ urr@ Qa;rrm6"6la;u5)Gl5i(!!j~ @fJj6Mrrcoi; "@L" 67rjJUL@

~cDtuU/@$Im-fJJrrfr.

67iJU@ ib~w

u usrr 6M !616"6I ) ~ IOir fJJrra; a;.L LiI-a; a;rr L@$IlOirfJJrrfr• @ :L(!!j611rr~w w@)ffiJa;ySI~w ~Lil-uu6"6lLu5)coi; a;L@uurr@

{i/6"6I@)"a;.ufr /'FGa;rr" a=eyJa;fEiJu~LJa;romm-

- (Latent Stage)
6 - 12 611Ul a;rr@)w :L m ~ ~cDtu U1L@m6ITrrfr.
6'ff

wrjJf!)lw "a;.ufr /'FGa;rr"

6l1I~ @6"6ILuS/coi;
6116"6I!JW6"6lfJJ!6I6"6I@)U u(!!j611wrr a; U/!Jrr,u L JLL~coi; ~(€!Jj6"6lW @fl;fJj u(!!j611ib t!roiJ U1m 6"6I6Yruf)m :L6Yr wiJ f!)lw

u fJja;Grf/u LJa;~m 6ITrr611~ cYJfJjm- cYJ6"6IfJJUlrr a; U1rjJa;rr @)~:i)roiJ 67 rjJu@ib~611fJjrr a;u "U/!Jrr,uL"

@ u u(!!j611~ :i)CB@)

6f rjJu@$I1Oir fJJ~. @~

6116ITfriFd/8;~ CBfE!JLil-Ulrr urr irUU/6"6I6M 6M CBws»w 6l1I rf/a;£I1Oir fJJrrrr it. u

~(€!Jj6"6lW 6l1l(!!jibiru5)coi;6l1I6"6I!J611rrro){U/6l1I(!!jibir 67iJu@£Im-fJJ~. d cYJUlcoi;6116"6IfJj @uu(!!j611ibircoi; a;rrlO1RST@)rrw.

67rjJU@W wrriJfJJrfua;6"6I6YrW6"6lfJJUUfJjrjJ~ U/m6"6l6Yr JI@) a=!6fJjfruuffiJa;6Yf)<aU

03. urr6'il !L[!)Iu4 li)6UrUUU®61.IlD


eyJ Gir f!)l

(Phallic Stage) 05. li)6UT~®~~


U1m

urr6'il li)6UrUUU®6lJLD
guu6"6lL611fJjm

(Genital Stage)
U1m6M1r 67iJU@t.b

611us :i1Gt57 (!!j d; ~

Bin.LiI-tu

611tu Q fJj 6U 6"61 @)

@ d; fJj 12 611Ul:i)iJ~U U1m6"6l6Yra;w U1fJJuLJf!)lu LJa;a;Grf/coi; 67 iJu@$ImfJJ


urr6l5lUlcoi; uxt iJfJJffiJa;6"6I6Yr@ffiJ~

t1I m 6"61 ITuf)Gir :L 6ITW a=rr Ir u rr <iitSlUJroiJ~ 6"61 =aim ~ c616"61u a=rr Ir d; fJj 6 a t
611@)tu~ iI!D ~ "U1!Jrr,uLLil-m" Q U Ullr <F dI tu rr 6116"61 a; rr I01RST Bin.LiI-iu fJjrr a; JL m 6IT~. fJj d; a;(!!jib~uuLiI-

u(!!j611ib:i)iJ~Lu@£IlOirfJJ~·

~cDtuurr a; fErrm- smb, zgfl;fJjrrw 611Ul~a;romcoi;

~ !lflU
a; ~

t1I L comb . @d; fJj u (!!j 611fi; :i1WI m t1I m 6"61 uf) Gir u rr 6U 6IT
a=a;ir 67 iJu@£Im-fJJ~ @ro61ll(!!jfi; guu6"6lL611~Lm a;1r U UW6"6lLUlGlfW
Bin. fJJ@)rrw

@fl;fJju u(!!j611ib:i)coi; U/m6"6l6IT fJjW~ ~cDtu5)coi; fJj ro ~ a; 6116M~ 6"61Jj Qa=S» ~ ~611~ W f 8i6lJ6MW Qa=coi;@)rrwcoi; "@Q@)a;L!Jrr a;rrL@w d/a;a;coi;" @fl;fJj u(!!j611ibjlcoi; U/m6"6l6IT a;~ @ircoi; lOTirfr urrcoi; ~

@m-uibiriJa;rr6M

.. 6116Yrfrfl;fJj6116MrrU/m6"6l6Yr6"6lUJa; a; ~rjJ fJJ ~ @d; fJj 611UJ I i <aU • JL fJjrr !JI01RST rr a; @!6fJj W @LuSI(!!jd; $IGir fJJ~.
lOT

~ 6"61 = 6"61611 U ~ W d){fJj!D ~ a U a;rrlO1RSTMm.Lil-UlfJjrra; :LW6IT~. @(!!juu~ a;.LLil-8; a;rrLLuu@£Im-fJJ~.

uu iI rjJ~

iI Q a=iii ILJW
~~a;(€!JjLm

6116ITIr iF d/ Ul6"61L 6116"61Jjd; f Qu~U/m6"6l6Yr Qa;rr~ Lrr~ a; rr @) d; a; L. L fi; a;6111r Jla;~m iF 61lI6Yra; ~$Im

611UJiI <aU @d;fJjd;

urrGl5iUlcoi; QfJjrrLfrLJ

"I'FLil-W;tiJ d/a;a;roiJ" (Oedipus Complex) wiJf!)lw "I'FLil-u<>riJ" Jla;a;coi; IOTmfJJrrcoi;U/m6"6l6IT fJjrruf)Lw QwroiJGl5iUl 6"6I611!Jrr a;$IUlw U1!Jrr iii L_ 611<iitSlILJ~ f!)l Qu~U1m6"6l6Yr fJja;uu~flLw wa;rorrroiJ fJja;uum 6ITrr Ir. "@Q@)d; a;rrL_@w 44

(Electra Complex) CBurrmfJJ :L6ITU U1!JiFd/6"6I6Ma;m 6frjJu@$ImfJJ6M. uiJf!)l, ~6"6Ia= 67~Qwrr


lOT

iI~ t1I m 6"616IT


uut ib:i)

cYJ fJj Gir cYJ 6"61JJUJrr a; f

IIrt u

rr 6U

6Yrrr 6116"6IfJj d){611fJjrr J/a;a; cYJLiI-6116"6IfJj"U1!J mis L._" IOT@ib~ s fJJrrIr . d){~ !JwroiJ@) U/m 6"616Yr@a; a;rr @)~ ir Wl61T UtTL._JI~u urrfruufJj!iJ«!j a; urrGl5iUlcoi;fEL611LiI-~a;a;6"6I6Yr ~t.b

a;rr!J101RST a;~ fJja;u U6"6l6M 67 rjJa; wf!)la; $/m fJJ~. @ffiJ ~ uut

(!!j

w~ a;rr LLUU@611fJjrra;
L_ !Jrr"

ucoi;(]611f!)lUUL.L @(!!ja;~t.b

illLJm

d/ d; a;roiJ

Gir u~

cYJUlcoi;£/m-fJJ~. U/!JrrtiJL Bin.f!)lGlffJjm-uLil- "@L._" rE!6"6I@)6"6IW tlJia;/b ~!Jwrr 611Ul fJjrra; a; a;~a; @uu(!!j611ibircoi; 45

d){mLJ,

urjJcDt6Mrrcoi; fJjrr6"6lUl

U1m 6"616Yr a;(€!JjL61ir

8i6l..l6MLDrr8iGlJWJ'r!E~~6MUJLW1w

QuiJC8!Drrfr Qa=UJiJUL C86l..161%rl4-UJ

li\Q6\J0!5L..!J1T 6i0!5d'>6U (Electra Complex)


QU61%r tSrm~m 61uC8urr~w ~8iUUrn

sureouxt 8i 6l..I6l5IUJ(f)J~~UUL@mm~. t.B~ uiJ(f)J ~6l..IUU~Lrn


Qurr!Drr~LD. ~mi.J

r:r·Lpu6T'i:l #0!5d'>6U (Oedipus


@jaJt @roiTu r£I~6lJU tSrm~mQUJrrrn(f)J ~LD~ ~8iUUrn ~~L~~

Complex)
C8urrrn(f)J ~~ ~'Ol1uu~W1rrLrr8i "FFl4-UW" ~rr~UJ ~~LUJrr8i ~LD~

uJ~ 8irrL.@t.iJ
"@Q6lJ8;L[Jrr" w6lT~mUJt.iJ c!:p~6M$lrn!D~'

Q6lJ(f)JU4~frGlJ. J'r8;8i6lJrr8i tSr[JrruJL @~i>8irr6M

C8urrroiT!D6l..Ii>~!D ~8iUJrrm

611IUrf/8;$Irn!Drr it, @n.iJ@j QU61%r :Ld;tl8i~m8; ~rr~UJu C8urr6lJ uueuese« LD61%rtSrL@ ~UJrrrf/~~roiJ. @!E~ @j~rrwa=n.iJ8im 8irr6lJn.iJ8irDYf1roiJ urrtluw~6M

U@6l..I~tlroiJ @jaJtut..f)LL~ ~[JGlJW

Urr~8irru4

~LD~ ~rruSl!D® ~rn4W.

QU61%rtSrm~m ~t18iLDrr8i~ :L~rr[J~LDrr8i ~~roiJ @tlroiJ u@~~~roiJ.

t.B~ 8irrL@W QLDroiJ6l5IUJ Qurr!Drr~LD :L~frGlJ


tSrGir~m ~~i>@jd; ~8iUUrn c!:p~6M6l..I~LroiT 61rn(f)J tSrm~m 8i ~6lJ~~

Qa=uJUJc!:p~6M$lrn!D~' QUrrw~LDQUJrrrn~!D ~rr6lJrrL@U urr@~roiJ Qu61WW6lT~m8i61f)Lt.iJ QU61Ww6lT~muflroiT ~iJU@~~QLD6M

~rruJ C8urrrn(f)J a=rrrf/ ~~!E~

J'r8;8iroiJ 616M tSr[JrruJL @jaJtutSrL@Girmrrfr. Q8irrGir6l..l~i>@j @@UU6l..Ifr ~LD~ ~8iUUrn @!E~ r£I~6lJ~LD~UJ Q~rrLn.iJ@j$lrn!D~' UUJW ~iJu@$Irn!D~' QLD6iJ6l5IUJ 88irru~t1~6M C

J'r6lJ~rr@jw.

8i@~~ Q~rrLn.iJ@j$lrn!D~'

~i>UL ~@:9~LD

C86l..161W@QLD6M "w[JrriJL." 6lJmfr~cf)8;@jU

~l4-UU~LUJrr

t.B~ ~iJu@w
Q6l..IrDYf18;8irrLL~ ~@

6l..I6l5IUJ(f)J~tl6Mrr @UUl4- fEL8;8irr611lLLrr roiJtSriJULL ir. @6lJfr C8LDS2}W 611Im8;$IUJmmrrfr.


~®~~fiC)LDU4 ~§!m)I@@fiC)m

u6iJC86lJ(f)J l..Il4-611I6iJ 6 tSrm~m

@n.iJ@j ~LD~ ~8iUUrn ~~rr'Ol1~ ~8iUUrn

t.B~ ~61%rtSrm~m8;@j
LDrr(f)J$lrn!D~'

~LD~ ~61%r@j!DJ~UJ Q6l..ILLq.. (Castration 8i "tSr[JrruJL" fEL~~~6l..Irr~8; C88irrLUrrL@8; @jlflrr~LD ~wtSr~~ @~UJrr fErrL~LlF @~ ~ ~6lJ~~'Ol1fr 1878 C8a=fr!E~ @6l..Irrrn fEGM@j snut: {!6M 61rn!D -1958 ~LDrf/8;a:; :Lm6l5JUJroV!DJ@i6Mrr6M C8m.UI. G0rurrLa=rn (J.B. Watson) ~ 61rnU6l..lrr[Jrr@jw. @~eD$I~LrPl6iJ U6lJ ~[JrriJ ~ cf)8i6lT ~6lJt.iJ Qu6iJ(]6lJrr (Ivan OPavlov 1849 - 1936) 61rn!D a=~t1[J J'r$llF~a= ~6l..I~t1UJfr ~~@jc!:p~!D~UJ 'Ol1mfr~~mmrrfr. Qa=iJ ~ ~8i~~rruJGlJ 61rn!D C!:p~!D~UJ urrrf/UJ ~mGlJ ~uJGlJ

611I@6lJrrC8[Jrr61rn!D UUJW u~8ilDlfluurr8i Anxiety) @!E~ U~8i6Jf)UtSr~6M ~l4-UU~LUJrr fEL~~~ ~8iUUrn Urr~8irrU4 ~8iUUrn

€I".

!DL§;fiC)~

8i ~6l..I~~ tSrm~muSlrn

"Behavioural Modification Approach"

tSr!D!:p6l..I~L6lJ~iJ@j ~tl8iLDrr 8i @Lu51@uu~rr

C8LDS2JW j!DJuUlLLrrfr. @8; 8irr[J~ if;tIrn rE/u5I~w J'r6lJa=~fruun.iJ8iGYflroiJ @

t.B~ ~iJu@w
:L~t18i~m

C88irru~tI~6M

Q;urDYf18;8irrLLrr~. ~8iUUW1Lrn :LrjJa=rr8iw ~~L 61@uu~rjJ8irr8i C8urr61ir(]!D~LD~ C8urrrn!D @6iJ6l..Irr(f)J

~i>(f)J~LDUJrr8i

@@uu~rjJ@j

LfIGir~m ~6lJ8;8iroiJ.

~8iUJrrm C!:PiJu@$Irn!D~' ~

a=rrutSr@~roiJ. uiJ

~~~roiJ

fEL6l..Il4-8;~8i8i~m~ ~~~6M8;

~rrc!:pw Qa=uJ6l..I~iJ@jc!:p~6M$lrn!D~'

"FFl4-UW" J'r8;8iroV tSrm~m 8i@:98;@j~iJUL 8iL@Uu@~t18; ~@:9~LD 6l..ImfrlFJ'r~61%rtSrm~m8;@j aTLl4-8; 8irrLl4-UJmmrrfr.

C86lJ61%rl4-UJQ~rrrn(f)J 61rn(f)JW

"Q'Ol1rrL. a=GM" :Lm6>.f'lUJcoV 6>.f'Ir§ @irr6Md; ~~

Q8irr61%r@ Qa=UJeDu@w C8urr~ fEroiJ6lJQ~rr@ ~iJu@'Ol1~rr8i "tSr[JrruJL" C8LDS2JW

611Ic§@irr6MLDrr8ieuat [JlFQa=uJUJ C!:pl4- J U rrQ~6M aTLl4-8; 8irrLl4- UJGir ttit, m "tSr[JrruJL" :Lmu u@jUurruJGlJ8; @jlflrru516Mirc!:prn~6l..I~~ :Lmmw 6161%r~ 8;8i@~6lJ "Q6l..IrrLa=rn" rE/[Jrr irf/~~rrfr. @~'Ol18i~m 8 6161%r~ 8;8i@6lJrr8i @6l..Ifr ~iJ(f)J8; Q8irrGirm611l~6lJ. ~rfI~LDrr8i :Lm6l5JUJroVl5J~rr6M~roV 6 61rnU~~ "Q6lJrrLa=rn" @~L8;$I~L @@~ ~8idY.oUULL 6l5J@j@irr6M ~@w

@!E~ 6161%r~ 8;8i@

aTLl4-8; 8irrLl4-6Mrrir.

46

47

!uirl5YT :1i:il6ir Qa:Ul cDurTl~ 61fIL lLl5YT 6>SIc§r§ rHi1$TQWrT6ir {lJrT8.i Q6l.IrT La:6ir
6J" cD!I)J8i Q8.irT sfr I5YT tfJl c'M {l>cD8.i t 8.i w..m {l> [EL:1i 61fI{l>uSl61fI6'1$T tr t ~tU
Q/ 8.isfr ,

(!flUlm-!I)J t5'r61fl!jJ6>SIL@ 8.irD®w (88.irTLUrTLIJI-mtfJl tt 6'dr L~ ~(Qt)w


IL

~(Qt)w 6J"tfJlaWrTfr (§lfJroV

8i®

U su C!:p 61fIfJJ t5'r61fl!jJ tutt 6'1$T tfJl(Qt)ffiI8.i61fI15YT 8.irTL@6l.I{l>m8i

urf'i(]a:rT {l>61fI6"Ifr 8.isfr, c'M6l.I{l>rT ..mULjMsfr


a, I5YT>SIUl 6 ~

~(Qt)W

UrTLm:1itfJl

U U tt it UU {l>cD®

t5'rm- 6'1$T c'M(6{l> lLuSI rfl6rrr W a:rAUl tt 6rrr61fI{l>8J 8.irD!I)J8JQ8.irTsfr6l.l{l>rT®w. it WrT 8.i fP C!!)(8a: tr cD!I)JU t5'r6ir 61fI15YT: tt ut5'r@w a

lLtj;a=rT 8.iQW@~tfJlsfrl5YTrTfr. @tfJl 6TUUIJI- @C!!)(6{l>1r~w


6ir

~c§r§rT6'1$T rT:ilUlrT6"Ifr u:1i{l>rT 6'dr@ @6'1$T:1i61fl{l>iF


tu tt £I:1itfJl

{l>rT[J6m" WrT 8.i m!I)J t5'r6ir 61fII5YTQUl 6ir !I)J8i® ~[Jwu tt @Ul(Qt)rrwcD au
tr 8.i(Qt)rT . w

c'M IJI-U U 61fIL 61fIUl UJW c'M{l>61fI6'1$TU [J6l.I if Qa: tU 6l.I{l>cD®W

uffiI 8.irT61fI6'1$T Q8.irr@:1i{l>rTroV c'M{l>61fI6rrr t5'r6ir 61fI15YT a:rAUl IT6rrr (!fl61fl fJJuSlroV 8i 8i® a:rr U t5'rL 8.irT(Qt)i.J(]u
tt 8J$lroV

[EL :1i61fl{l>6l.IrT :il8.isfr Qu rfltfJlW fP:1itfJl61fl!jJ:1i{l>6'1$T Q6l.IrT La:~6ir it,

8.irT(Qt):1i :ilcD®u

t5'r6ir "@6l.IrT6ir

QU61iJ(Qt)rT"

Q/w ~wrfl8i8.i

(!fl61flfJJ61fIUl 8.icD!I)J8>Q8.irT 6ir £1m- tfJl·

(8a: fr (6 {l> E. L. (8 {l>rT6'dr L uJ 8i 6T 6ir U6l.I®W Qa:uJ{l> ~[JrTtUiF.!I8.isfr 6l.II5YTfr iF.!I8i®


U tt rflUl U ffiI£l61fI6'1$T ~cDa5l1L

6>SI(Qt)ffiI®8.i61fl15YT lLU(8 sfrl5YT tfJl.

@(6{l> [EL:1i61fl{l>611rT{l>8> (88.irTLUrTL@

®!jJrTu5'I6'1$T[JtfJl

6l.IySl6l.I(6{l> 8.irDfJJroVa8.irr LU rTQL m- utfJl 611rrW8J61fI8.iuSlroV.!I(Qt)6l.IrD61fIfJJlLuSlfr


W [J tt raJ) 8.iGirT 8.icD[!)l8; Q 8.itt GirT 6ir fJJ6'1$T. @{l>r;iJ ® U aD [EL 6l.I1JI-8i61fl8.i8.j~ W c'M{l>6ir (!fl:ilfr

~ IT 6l.I 8.icDfJJcoU

iF.!IUJ W Qa:roV6l.IrT8i®iF Qa: ~:1itfJl611{l>rT 8.i

"(8 {l>rT6'dr L uJ 8i " 6>SI(Qt)fiI ® f Q{l>rT Lfr LjU u@:1iil

W cD!I)JW w..m {l> [EL:1i 61fI{l>8.i61fI15YTfP 6ir {lJrT8.i ucoU(86l.1!I)J tfJlrT6'dr L coU8.i~8i®8i W 6lff) {l> [E L fi; 61fI{l>8.i

"a {l>rT6'dr LtU8>"

8i-LIJI-8;

8.irTLIJI- UJ6ir15YTit, rr

Q6116l'fliF (§!jJ~coU

aD 61fIL

8; ® ib

tfJl su ffiJ 8.j!iiiJ 8.i 61fI15YT 61fI611fi; tfJl


61fl

m
,

{l>6!f1iT L 61fI6'1$T; a 8.j rr L urr (fjl 6T m U tfJl {l>6!f1iT L 61fI6m" ~5ffI fi; {l>~ ib , 8 urfla:GtflUU{l>m8.icD W8; ®W ~(Qt)c!:pw lLuSlfr8.i6ir 8.icD!I)J8iQ8.irr6ir~w
(!fl61fl{lJQUlrTm

WrTcDfJJW61fIL6l.I{l>rT 8.i a[E[JIJI-UlrT 8.ia6l.l 8in.a5lUJuitl5YTrTfr.@{l>GirUIJI- 6J"tfJlawrrfr 8.icDfJJIOl5) 6ir w..m{l>WJW,


c'M IJI-U U L uf)!iiiJ [E L

[6I61fI(Qt)61fIwUlrr®w.
@8;a8.jrrL

fi; 61fI{l>8.im W tt !I)J U@611{l>rT8.i


~611fr 611~UJ!I)J:1i:ilUJsfr

Q/ W

c'M:il8.iwrr 8.i 8.icoU6l1I:1i tfJl61fl{lJuSlcoU U rr La: rr 61fI(Qt) .iGtfIroV t5'rGirT 8 61fI15YT 8i® 8.i~

WrT cDfJJW61fILUliF

Qa:tU tueotnb

6T 6rrr Q/W

I5YTrTfr •

~L U

fJJrT8.i

UrT(fjl

6>SI(Qt)ffiI®8.i~w

{l>wtfJl 6l.IrTW61fl611[ELrT :1i:iliF Qa:coU(Qt)c'McoU(Qt)tfJl 8.irT[J~8.i~~ tfJl(Qt)ffi}8.i61fl(Qt)8> 8.jrrLL


a, sfr I5YT tfJl·

t5'r[JCBUlrT £IMuu(fjl£lm-fJJtfJl. c'MIJI-MIJI- uuSI#18.i6ir a{l>fr iFmUl61flLUl .!I~rr{E{l>WrT~w.


£I61f1L8i~w

(!fl6irQ6'1$T@:1itfJl8=G)a:coU(Qt) tfJlrT6'dr@w
(!fl61fl6'1$T 6l.ItfJl @UlcoUUrT8.j8i

8.irr 6m" 8i8in.1JI-tu {l>rr8.i

@{l>cD® 8i-W~UULL

{l>WtfJl

Qa:tiJ6lJ{l>m- ~(Qt)W @{E{l> 8.i!bfJJroV [EL611IJI-$61f)8.j8.i61fl15YT uuSlrD.!I8i (88.irTLUrT LIJI-6ir @{l>WJL6ir a: WU (6 {l>U U L L ~rDVW

tfJl(Qt)ffi}8.iroV urrm-61fIW61fIUl {l> m 61fIW 61fIUl


6J" cD U@

8.irrLL

fP® [6I[J{E{l>[J8.i!bfJJ6l5Im- ~
Q 8.i tt 0IT 6l.I{l> tt 8.i [E L

Qa:tUUl(Qt)rrw 6Tm-UtfJl
~61fII5YTUlrrLlJl-61fI6rrr

fi; {iJ8;

fi; 61fI{l>611tt {iJ8.i

Q{l>6l'fl6l.lrT £I6ir fJJtfJl. 6l1I61fII5YTUl L@ tt UUl6irUrT@ c'M)'iI8.iWrT~W. ~6l.Ifr8.i6ir

fP®

6l.I6l5IUJ!I)J~j)UJ6ir15YT6rrrfr.
"Q {l>tt 6'dr 61fIL 8>" 6T 6ir U 6l.Ifr [EL:1i 61fI{l>8i 8.icDfJJ~ 8i ®

c'MIJI-MIJI- uuSlriJ.!I Qa:tiJ6lJ{l>m- ~rDVW

Qa: coU6l.Irr 8>£I61f16'1$T ~8.il5YTrr6'lJ61$T.

Qa:~~w
1.

~ffil<F,6ir

u(Qt)6l.IiJmfJJ ~61fl6l.I~6irl5YTrTfr.

"@611rTm- Qu6iJ(8(Qt)rr"
61161fI[J cl) su 8; 8.i 6m"
c!p m 61fI6lJ 11;tfJlm

"Q{l>rT6'drLtU8>61fI8.i"

6>SIL WrT!I)JUULL

11; 61fI{l> [E L 11; 61fI{l>611tt {l> c'M ~

~ (!fl 61fIfJJuf) 6ir ~ rDV W

(!flUlm-!I)J t5'r61fl!jJ6>SIL(fjl 8.irD®W a8.irT LUrT(fjl 6l.IySl6l.I(6{l> 8.icDfJJroV a8.irr LU rT(fjl


{l>6'drL61fI6rrr8> a8.jrTLUrT(fjl

I5YTt IT. Q U Gil a (Qt)r Q/ 61fIL Ul ~[J rr tU if tf)8.iGirT ~ rDV t r t..iJ {l> fPC!!) tfJlrT6'dr(fjl{l>~8i~ 8.irDfJJ t5'r[J)'iIu"d;6]ut5'r61fl6rrr ~~{l>roV
8;£I8i Q8.irT6ir6lJ{l>rT®W.

2.
3. 4.

@UlcD61fI8.iUlrT8.i c'McoU(Qt)tfJla:rrLLI}ULrr
~tfJla:rTLLUULL ~L:1i61fl{l>uSl61fI6rrr IL6'drLrT

e!fJ(Qt)W Lj)'ilUlQ{l>rT®

uuSlcD.!I8i a8.irrLurr(fjl
48

@{l>61fI6'1$T 8.icDfJJc'MroVrDVtfJl

49

8'fTLLUULL ~~LfT®W

!5161Jr5.J8;;67J)6IJ$ 8;;fTL@QJ{DW1fTLfT8;; 6TIOlITU{DfT®W •• @!51 aWS2}W ruJurfi{D{DfTfr.

LJiJUlQ{DfT@ {DL{D67J){D

a u: rjJ Bin. IJ)U U L L Um8'fT ~UaUlfT

U rfla 8' tr {D67J)00- 8; ® ~

8' W W tt 00- @1OlITW1a W tt rT (YJUlGU


@ f:P 6V

8;;rjJlJ) .!!){6V6IJ!51 8'fTLLUULL

{D67J)OO-67J)UlJ. B. QQJfT L8'b5r


tt iii

{DLfT {DiJlLf6fr6fTfT it, @r5.J® :wI!51 ~

(DL{D67J){DUlfT8;;Qu6in6IJfT ~fTmrL<oi>

~ 61ir 67J)IJ) ~!J

~ cf) 8;

Q 8;; @ ~!51

6lSI uf) 67J)00-

£i{D!516fr6fTfTfr. (YJUlGU .,....---_..

Stimulus

S------~
aWrjJBin.IJ)UULL
a, 6m"

cf)~{DfT!6{D~ilb5r wfJa (y)6IJW !51fT~LGU

U'-9- Qu6iJa6IJfT 8' tt {D67J) 00 QUIJ)UU@W


~

{DfTQUlfTb5rcDlrjJ®

:,:51 @i1Jl'" ,;>.61-,.•.-•,."' ....., .•.'"


52
unconditioned Unconditioned
@{Db5rU'-9- 51 ~fTmrLS2}$® 6)"tjJu@w

:~w
w£iEP5.fi

QJGYf)U U {DW1 tt a L

61ir67J)J) Q 8' ciJ!51m 6fTtt rT• I !5161Jr5.J8;;67J)6IJ ~cDl!6!51$

@{DW1fTaL

Q8;;fT6fr6fT ~tjJ8'fT 8;;QW@{D!516fr6fTfTfTfr.

Stimulus Response
{8'fTLLUULL

Rl! LJiJUl 8;;rjJIJ)Q6IJfTb5rlJ)fT®W.


!5161Jr5.J8;;6fTfT®W.}

....

~r5.J8;;GU
-,

".'. .......

'

........
....... ~II'

{No Response} R1
QJfTuS/~@{6!51 ~u5)l:PtCfr QJ'-9-{DrotJ R2 ~67J)8' 8T!J 8; 8;;~

~ 6fTQJ6fT ~!5167J) ~ 8;;rjJf!)J$Q8;;fT~L @6V6IJfTW6IJfT$8;; ~67J)LMi.Ju@6ll{DfTM

cf)af)~ 67J)8' ufl61ir au ~b5rlJ)fT8;; aQJ~@W. ~8;8;;

tt !51 @Ii; {D LJfiJUl

8;;rjJ IJ)67J) IJ 6 Lf)67J)6m"uLJ ~lJ)fTL

aQJ~@W. @67J)QJ

51 R2 Q{DfTLfr67J)U ~QmfTb5r~

S R Bond

~6m"6lJGrf)~

---

Q8;;fT6ir6fTi.JU@~IJ)!51.

52
5
1 -

QJfTl:P$67J)8;;uS/roU 6)"tjJu@w .!!){ '-9-67J) Ul tr {D6V au W UUlb5rU@{DiJ$ .!!){~®(YJ67J)IJ)$®

.!!){1F8' a{DfTciJ, {D!JWLJ a{DfTrll {Neurosia} @{6{D$ ~{DfT!J6m"WfT 8;; W!51ruJtjJ~ @{6{D (YJ 67J)J)67J) l U I U {DL{D67J){DQJfT{D 8;;rjJlJ)rotJ .!!){rotJ6IJ~ {DL{D67J){D U1!J IF cf) 67J) 0-8;;~ 8; ® 0

8;;tjJlJ)6IJfTroU ro;ItjJU@QJ{DfT8;; 8TL'-9-$8;;fTLL6IJfTW. R2 LJiJUlQ{DfT@ 8;;tjJlJ)6IJfT 8;;$ Q8;;fT6fr6fT6IJfTW • .!!){{DfTQJ!51W~ lLuSJ E:P
tr 61irIJ)

a 8;;L L 6lJ L dr {Dtt 1Lf67J) Ul QJ tr uf)rotJ @@Ii;!51 L Q {DfTLr5.J ® af)61ir IJ)!51. @ ~ {D67J) ;;Ul ruJ 8 @Ii;{D

JC rT

Q8;;fT6fr6fT6IJfTW. awa6IJ FF.6TrotJ. Q{DfTmr67J)L$ .!!){!51 aWS2}W U6IJWfTOO- W6fr

ruJurfi$8;;UULL

c§ (§ tt 00- (YJ 67J)J)8;;GYf)61ir (y) 6IJLi:J I


Bin.cDllLf6fr6fT Lb5r !51 6T00- @QJrT @6V67J)6IJ

6Tb5rUQJfr LJiJUl 8;;@{D!51$8;;6Yr QJ6fTfrlF.fiUl67J)L{DGU,

{DL{D67J){DuJ)67J)OO.!!){6fTruJL (YJ'-9-ILfQwoo- "Qu6iJa6IJfT" {§167J) 6IJ67J) lL6fT U u® UU fTciJrotl!W16fr W


tr fro

U6IJQJtjJ67J)1J) (YJb5r67J)QJ{D{DfTfr• .!!){QJ!J!51 8;;@{D~UU'-9{DL{D67J){D ~~LfT{DrotJ, @rotJ6IJfTWrjJaUfT8;; ~UU@QJ67J){D QJS2}uu@{D{D6V

QJ~ILff!)J{DiJlLf6fr6fT

{Reinforcement}
ro;ItjJu@w fjl@

8TL..rq..$8;;fTL..rq..OO-fTfr. @!51 @f:P~W16fr

50

51

U tt :il U U tt 8i @6l.Jrt 6l.J~UU@~$h~!iil.J 1. a[EirLDrT6lfT wm

Bin.!J)l af/61li- CD rt. tt

@6l.J [J~

8i.(!!Jth ~ U IJI- uJ

m-

tSi[J$hrT6lfT @([!j U@jjl8iGYTrT8iU tSirfl8;8i!iil.JrTW. 6l.J~UU@~$h~

Positive reinforcement Negative Reinforcement

2. et jlirLDLDrT6lfT wm6l.J~uu@~$h~ @~ucDc61

u.t3.

GYiJ.$I6lfT1T (B.1. Skinner)


@6l.J [J~

ueo urflaCFrT$h~6lfT8i~GYT
uJ
'f? ([!j6l.Jrfl61li-

a LD cD Q 8i tt G7WL tt rt . 6l.J~ U U@th 8iL@UU@th$h!iil.JrTW U rfl a CFtt $h~ 6lfT a[ErT8;.$IqQCF~!iil.J [EL~~$h~Ul ~6l.J~~ QPIJI-IlJW ror6iru~$hiF ~$h~6lfT @$hcD8irT8i QCF~!iil.J8; tSirfl~~q [EL~~$h

U rfla CFtt $h~ 6lfT GYf) 61li- U IJI8i LDth ~ aTLIJI-8; 8irTL..IJI-6lfTrTrt. fil ~ Q LD tr ([!j

maWtD ~~~LUl ~t..bCFr6Ja;m a QJ~ @t.D • wm QUrT@~Ul C8[EirwrT~ Q8irT@~roiJ a~@w. r;6L~{fJ si)@iDiJUl~WULJ ~~UlU Ul!f)tPGlJ8i~GYT Ul~UlrT£i~ ~L8iGYf)dr @j!6l~$hUULIIwm QJ~UUL~$h~ QUtD!J)l8;Q8irT@8;@jW 6l.JUlfPJ~~~W
et 6iJ !iil.J QJ cD tt

$h~!iil.J LD tr cD

{!fl iu ~

[E L th ~ $h~ tu 8; @!6$h ~!E15 aUrTw!f) @$hcD8irT8i 8iL.@UU@~ 'f?([!j @!iil.J8i~8i $t6irCD~. <dP/UUIJIa[ErT 8i$tiF IL!J)ljlUlrT si)CD~LD. Q)/([!juLJ. Qru!J)JuLJMm. @!iil.J8; ~ 8i

u.n 61li- U IJIQPIJI-IlJW

ror61li-u~$h ror6iru~

'f? ([!j6l.J([!j8; @j

IL!J)lituU@$t6irCD~.

LDrT(iJ!6IUl~LD~~

'f?([!j6l.Jrfl6ir [EL~$huSl~6lfT

w~

cl)aCFLWrT8i

urfI#!iil.J~~

QCFuJfPJ jlL.LuSILGiJ

aTL.lJI-8; 8irTL.lJI-llJmGYTrTir. @$h6irUIJIa[ErT 8;$tiF QCF~!iil.J QPlJI-llJw ror6iru~ LDrTcDCDw QCFuJUl QPIJI-IlJW ~!6I!E~8iQ8irTmir@ UIJI-UUIJI-UlrT 8i ~~6'W
et 6lfTGlJW clIGYT;$tllJmGYTrT 8

~ru

6l.Jtt !J)J Q CF ILl ib us

C8 U tt fPJ

{!fl!D (f!j t.D


QU!iJ!J)J8;

tflc61Ul ULll-8iGYTrT8iU Ulrf)~ QJ~uu@~$hGiJ

rorG'ix;;vrTUULll-8i~MrTa;GlJW

ror6iru~w ~$h~6lfT

(Postive Reinforcement)

QCFuJllJWaUrT ~

@!iil.J8;$t~6lfT

Bin.IJI-Ul 6l.Jy5I~UlU QCFuJUl QPIJI-IlJW

U UrT8iffiI8iGYTrT8iU

IT. !L$hrT [J6'W LDrT8i


@!iil.J8;@j Ttb $h[J~it~ it8i [JLDrT8i QU(iJ!J)l8;

t.1Im-~GYTQUlrT61li-!J)l ~6l.J8i$t6irCD~ @([!j!E$hrT ~ QPlJI-uU$hcD@j Q8irT@UU$h6ir QP6ira6lfT

8i.QUrT.$h

(CFrT/[JW) $h(iJaUrT~

.!lth:ilUl~LUl tSim~GYT it([!ju IL$hcll8im

uGiJaQJ!J)JUUL..L

[EL~~{fJU

WrTtD!DlUl~W8;8i6IJrTl.b. IL~LUU$hW e!:P!iil.JW


et ci !J)J

ror6lfT8i Q8irTG"ira6l.JrTw. 6l.J[JclI([!j8;@jW

QQJrTroiJu (Wol pe) rorW!f) f6L~~15QJrT 15 ILGYTQ)/Ul6IJrTGYTir Bin.tD!J)JuuLII(S.R. Bond) fPJrTmirL~ r;6 L i; ~ 15uf)~ ~ 8irTLLUUL@mGYTfPJ. uGiJaQJ!J)JUUL..L fPJ6IJr6J8i~6IJ !L15rT[J~LDrT8i @@:EfPJ Q6l.Ji>~6IJ8; @~ULJ ~C861JrTCF~~ fPJ6IJffiJ8iGiJ Ul~~u~u filfPJQWrT@ ~CFrT{fJrT[J~ fPJrT~LGl5)W r;6Li;~158;8irT8i ~8i aQJ!J)J ~@QJ@8;@j ~@ C!fJ61li- a ~ !D crf19 Q CF !iil.J C!fJLll-ILI ib 6iJ

8irT!iil.J ~jI~6lfT ~~6'W

8; 8i6'W 8;Q8i@ ~~

uffiJ@j8iGYTrT8iU

UIrfI~~ ~$h6ir

'f?([!j 8iL L ~it~6lfT

w~

f6~LQU!J)JW u@af)G!iT!f)fPJ· QJySl8;@j Ulw UlG!iTLJ

a$h~6l.JUlrT6lfT

6l.Jy5I8irTL.L~

15!iJaUrTjI@8;(f!jW ~!E{fJ !fi~6IJu51roiJ WrT!D!J)J

fYJ!iil.JW @ja518ia8irT~GYT @j!6lutSiL.@mGYTrTir.

a[ErT 8;£1 tSim~GYT 8;@jiF QCF~!iil.J

WrTljJ!J)JQJfPJ S.R Bond wfPJQ)/!iJ(f!j ~LII-~WUlrT~

8itmf)8;8iU

QPIJI-IlJW ror6irU~$h8;

cl)@15~!iil.JUl~LQJ15!D@j

QCFuJUl!iil.JrTW. LDfPJQ)/!iJ@j usi)6IJrT8i C!fJ156lJ 8iLL~si)roiJ Bin.Q!f)rTG!iT!J)JwUlG!iTLJ "aTQ)/W8iW" ~w!J)Jw ~15i>@jU !L~u15ljJ(f!j QCFuJUl ~6l.J~fPJ

U~LQWrT6ir!J)JW

52

53

@~6llQUJ

tt roir ~

~ UJ(] W em LJlSIL tt !fJJ @(lJju u ~rj; ® u (Jl®~6V


wmj)~wa;8; ®c6luuLrDVrrw.

(IJj

w~

6ll~UU@~~w

~6lf)6M!fJJ !JjL~~~

L/~vrfl
01. a;fJUQurr~~rr~6Mu . a;fJUQurr ~~rr~6Mu a;fJuQurr~~rrW1~LUJ udJc6l6l1l6MrrQJ~roiJ uiJc6l 10

!JjL~~

f)(IJj~f)UJ~WUL/ ~(lJj6ll(lJj~LUJ

~@)1(:!!jQfJ~~u1lroUlSl-

.4n(Jl (:!!jc6luuLuu@w
QfJlSI-UJw.

02.

~~wut5JroiJ 1. 2. 3.

!JjL~~th~UJ

(]WS21W QfJroa6MiJ~

eun 8;$IUJQwrr 6ir!J)l 6T~!fJJ~roiJ.

20 30

03.
@roiJrDVrr !JjL~~~a;~6Yr ~ @(lJj8;$I6ir~ @(lJj8;$I6ir~ Qurr(lJj~~wiJ~

ULQwrr6ir~ID

JL6!WLrr 8;®~roiJ.
@roiJrDVrrwrj; Qa=rU~roiJ. (]WS21W QfJ~6MiJ!J)l~coiJ. wrriJcDlUJ~w~~roiJ

unit ~~roiJ 04.


05. 06. 07. a;~ 08.
09. 10. a;fJuQurr~~rrW1~LUJ 6T@~!fJJU unit ~~roiJ a;fJuuQurr ~thrrW1~LUJ ~ro6Iu1l~6M 8;

!JjL~~~a;~6Yr !JjL~~~a;~6Yr !JjL~~~a;~61T

uLQwrrro~iJ

~a;u1lroiJ

40
50

4.

(]a;LLroiJ
@thiJa;rra; UroVa6ll!J)lUULL ~iFa=
6)" [J)l

~Lu QfJ~IDa;w JLu(]UJrr $IMUU@6ll!fJJLro


!JjL~~~a;~8;(:!!j
SUD ~~rr6ll!fJJ ~a;6llUJ8; ®(Jluu(]wdJu@~!fJJW 1D1f)6M!fJJ ~ a;1D1f) L/ U U (]a=~6ll !JjrrlSI-UJL roir

6l1I~61TUJrrL@8; ~6ll~!fJJu ~~~6MU

a;fJUQurr~~rrro

~ro~ID8;

$IL..(]L
60

(]!JjrrrU

(]urrroirlD

.:f)8;a;rDVrr6M t5)~I:P6lJ

unit ~~roiJ ~6ir~~ !fJJrr(]fJ ~6ll~!fJJ urrfr~!fJJ8; Qa;rr6!WlSI-(lJj~~roiJ UlSl-uulSI-UJrra; ~(IJj(]a;

(Subjective Units ofDificulties)

JLu1l(lJjW61T a;fJuQurr ~~rr~

{tI~~

~rDV®a; ~ 6Yr t5) fJ(] UJtt eft 8i a; rDV tb, Q6ll tt 6VU ~6llfr tt U@j,ilUJ6rT61T a;~6Yr

70
80

~c61QfJa;u ~W1U6llffiJ

@!6 ~ QfJ~ID
tt a;u

~(IJj

~!5~8; a;fJuQurr~thrr~6Mu
Qa;rr6!W@6llfJroiJ a;fJuQurr a;fJuQurr ~~rrW18;®iF ~thrrW18;®

.:f)[J)l u®ila;61T

t5)rf)~!fJJ

a;rDV!5!fJJ~fJUJrrlSl-u ulSl-uulSl-UJrra;

~!5~

t5)~(JlUJrr6M

!JjL~~~a;~61T

a=wuwrr a;iF Qa=roiJrDVroiJ ~(IJj(]a; Qa=ro!J)l ea thrrfJmffwrr a;u

90 100

a« thrrfJmff r£t~rDV8;®8; Qa;rr6!W@ 6lJfJQfJlSI-UJw.

uttit ~!fJJ8; Qa;rr6!WlSI-(lJj~thw.

~UU\u1T6t.b
JLthrrfJmffwrra; r£ta;I:PQ6llrrro~~ !fJJ~ mff (]6ll6!W@w. ~(IJj~wuurr@w (]~lSIe;.urr6ll~~~UJw a;fJuQurr~thrrW1<i®u
(IJj eu (IJj L

uUJuu@~r;;i)

uiD!D?UJ uUJ!5~ eur

(]wiJ

a;rrL..LUULL
@(lJj8;®W

SUD ~ut5JUJrra=~f)~~iF UUJ~f)~~

Qa=rU«.fW (]urr!fJJ (]<F~6ll

Q~rf)6lJ Qa=rUUJw (]urr!fJJ a;fJuQurr~~rrW18;®

!JjrrlSl-8;®w

t5J~(Jlu1lro c6l ~c6l!5!fJJ8;Qa;rrw61T UlSl-a;~61TUJw (]urr!fJJ. a;L!5!fJJ w~ a=rfiUJrra;6lJt..D, @(IJj~UJ Qa;rr@<i®w

!Jjtt lSI- ~

6ID-

a; rDV !fJJ~ fJUJtt lSI- ~ eu fJ!fJJ u UJ!6 ~ !6


uiJcDI ~(IJj Ifrwrr6M~f)rj;® r£t~rDVu5)~ uUJ~ilro (]urr!fJJ (]a=~6ll ~

QfJlSI-UJw. ~~iJ®

(]wrDVrra;

~6iJQ6llrr(lJj

r£t~rDV~W~UJUJW 6lSI(]a=Lwrra;

6ll~U

u@~

thr;;i) QUiD!J)l8; (]!JjrrrUa;w

@!5~ u~a;6lf)uL/

f)(lJjuf)UJrr

a;6lJw Qa=rU~roiJ (]6ll6!W@w.

.:f)rDVa=!5thfr uuffiJa;6lf)w 6T6ID- ~~ u

!JjrrlSl-8i@jw, JL61T6ll61T~mffUJrr6YrW18i@ju51~Lu1lroiJ ~ @(IJj~~rDV6ll.:f)UJwrr®w.

!Jjr;;Vr;;vQ~rr(lJjJL~QJw ~fJWt5J~f)~6M (]urr8ia; (]6ll~ir@w. Q~rrLfr

(]!JjrrrU (]urr~ID

JLW61T (]a=~6ll

!JjrrlSl-8;® @~th~~wUJrr6M

~u

J)UJrra=~

tl~6M

Qa=.u UJ QfJlSI-UJwrr

urf'L.Il~!PI

~!6~

@L~il6V

@(IJj!6!fJJ ~UUUJ~iI~6M

QfJlSI- ru@~~roiJ (]6ll6!W@w. Q

~~wUQurr6ir~~ ~roiJrDV!fJJww

6ll®~!fJJ8; Qa;rrw61T (]6ll6!W@w. 6llS21UU@~~roiJ QuiJ!J)l8;Qa;rr@~~roiJ

~!5~!5~ ulSl-a;~8i® 55

54

[fJLif,6m{l) j;!®~j;!UJG"6lWUL/ uroiJCBruQ)Ju ULL


[fJrrlS/-uJlw {l)~U ~cm

~~®c!pG"6l~G"6lUJU

ucbc61u urririn@jw

CBurr~,

{l)rr (J6W [fJL~G"6l{l)G"6lUJion cbQ)JwCBurr ~

CBa=G"6lru

~{i;~
c!p G"6l ~

CBUJrr£I c!pG"6l~QUJrr G15r G"6l~ Ul uCBUJtt £I~~

1960 ~Gmfr LGYTcli..v {l)GYTirfilJU uuJlcbcf)


8in._

ULL

cliu (JrfiJ8iG"6lGYT a=rflUJrr 8id; 8iGmfr(£l {lir wrr 61fT ~j;!cb®

~G"6lW~~d; ~LrfiJ£lu.[mGYT
ust ~j;!(Jw

Q8irrGmfrL ~~8i

cliCBa=L

ILGYTUurfl8irr(Jwrr8i

ru®{l)roiJ CB6lJGmfr(£l W. @{l)cb£lG"6lLuJlroiJ 8i !OVtt a=tt U


~ ti: a=ffiJ 8i 6fT ,

CB [fJmu 8im U I:J).$ 8i

ueo CBrug)Ju U LL 6lJ !:p .$ 8i ffiJ 8i 6fT {l) to ~ Q8irrmGYTroiJ 6lJ G"6l u..fI coO 8i

8i G"6l .$ Q 8i tt ro- GYT!OV W . CB tt ci) GYT tt UJ


@wQ)J UluCBUJrr £Id;8iuu(£l£lw~~. fLmGYTLd;£Iu.[mGYT~.

c!p G"6l!D8i gf) roiJ

(£l :!f>!OVr 8i r
c!pG"6l1J) a:rfiJ8im

U tt (J tb u rfIUJ

u®j;!8iG"6lGYT §>~d;.$I6l1lL(£lILGYTU @!OV®rurr61fT

urfl8irr(J

CBU tt 6lir ~ G"6l 8i @j.$ ® 6lJ


U~G"6lUJ5Qa=uJUJ

~ Q)J8i 6fT

6,l rjJ U L tt {l)

{l)GYTirfilJ ~uUlUJrr

CB6lJGmfr(£lw er WUG"6l{l) W61fTt/roiJ @®~t/d;

U!OV u®j;!8iG"6lGYT c!pG"6l!D8i m , ~

{l)GYTirfilJU uuJlcbcf)

CB6lJGmfr(£lw. "QrurrroiJu" Theroy)


"'~U6lJfr c!p6lirG"6l6lJ~{l) CB8irr Lurr U(Jm,U(Jd;

fP

{l)G"6la=

rf t/ uJI!OVtt 61fT {l)GYT filJU U uJI cb cf) 8i m u518ifilJib fr


c!pG"6l!DUJrr8i QrurrroiJu ®c61uUlL(£lmGYTrrir. 6,l~CBwrrfr

6l1lCBa=LWrr61fT ~uUlUJrra=

CB8irrLurr(£l

(Reciprocal

CB{l)G"6lruUJrr61fTt/~G"6lW8iG"6lGYTU UllS/-6lJrr {l)wrr 8i uuJlcb{!)J6l1l~:!f>roiJ (Assertive

U {l)8iGYf)u L/L 61fT 61fT [fJL ~ G"6l{l)8im , Ul!DfP@/ tt


!D~. §>(If) rfiJ.$ 61fT @G"6lUJurr8;8i lLuJlrflroix>urr {l) ",w!D 6lJrruJUL/d;8im

[fJL ~ G"6l{l)8iG"6lGYT

Training) "'wu~
~{l)G"6l61fT

~@jd;®

8i~LrfiJ8im

6,lcbu(£lw

(]urr~

uxt cbQ)J6lJt/roiJ @6lJ(J ~ C!p d; ci) UJ uur ci)~

L(£l rf t/UJrr61fT -dPIlS/-UUG"6lL8im u518ifilJw [fJL

Ul (JCBUJtt 8i rf tiluJlroiJ Q6lJ!DeDI Q8irr m ru{l)!D ® CB {l)G"6lruUJ tt 61fT

sh G"6l{l)

sr W u~ @(J;{l) a=rr@/

j;!~G"6lWG"6lUJ uuJlcbcf)uJlroiJ Q8irrGmfr(£lru(J5 Qa=uJ:!f>!OVrr®w. umiu51UJroiJ~!OVffiJ8iG"6l!OV 6,lcbu(6l~~6lJ~W urfl8irr(J c!pG"6l!DUJrr8i "!OVrra=frm," "'61fT"!OVrr 6J"~Qwrr® c!pG"6l!DuJlroiJ-dPIG"6lw{i;{l) ~:!f>rr6lJ~ ~!OVffiI 8iG"6l!OV

Qurr®(J;{l)rr

{l) {l)®j;!UJcbfJJ,

8i®~t/G"6l61fTUJ.min@jw.

!E1G"6l!ovuJI..v@®di@jw

§>® ~@jin@j
Qa=..vSHwGurr~

U~6lJ{!)JUULL
6J"!Du(£lci)w~

Ul~W@/ [fJL~G"6l{l)8;
uuub @{l)!D8irr8i §>@IliJci)61fT "Q6lJrr..vu"

®c618im

QruGYf)uu(£lw

ILGmfr(£l. fL{l)rr(J6WWrr8i

",rnuruir

®c61uUl(6l£lrn!Drrir. 8i U{l)8i.mUL/
6l1lGYT ; £161fTtt fr • @(i;{l) 8

6llQLrr~eDI!D®

urrroiJ 1L6W frfilJ8iG"6lGYT ~rrGmfr lS/- ulS/-uulS/-UJrr ®G"6l!Du u~ a=fr m," CBwSHw "eott a=irm,", urfiJ8i.mUL/ c!pG"6l!DG"6lUJ6llGYTfruuj;!roiJ ILGYT6l1lUJroiJ~c61@jfr

@G"6lUJurr 8;8i [fJL~G"6l{l) ~c61®c61QUJrrrn!Drr®w.

~~®
CBurr~!D

u {l)8iGYf)if L/, U {l)8iGYf)u L/L61fT tt 61fT ~!OVrfiJ 8iroiJ8i@j8;® @G"6l6WU G"6l IL G"6l U U L
U{l) rn

@G"6lLCBUJu.[mGYT

"QrurrroiJu",

uGmfr@(Jrr"

f!!:P!OVLiJ @ ~ [fJL

sh G"6l 8i G"6l usa iJ !D {l) GYT

8i.mrn

W!D8;8i c!plS/-UJrr {l) §>G15r!Drr@jw.

C!PlS/-u.[QW61fT ~ CB!OVrr a=G"6l61fTin._{!)J£I~!Drrfr. 8 @{l)cb8irr61fT UlG"6l6WUG"6lU ILG"6lLUU{l)rj;@j et t/(Jrr61fT ~!OVrfiJ8iG"6l!OV ~!OV~ CBUrrLlS/-u.[L61fTrr61fT ~!OVrfiJ8iG"6l!OV ILGmfrLrr M CB6lJGmfr(6lw. "Qrurr..vuUlrn" CBurr~u.[L61fTrr61fT ~!OVffiJ8im Ul(J{l)rr61fTwrr61fT f!!:PrnQ)J

VI.

a;rrrrEitrnr6l.Jrr~

~§!IDI®@fiU)m ~~@fiU)m) -

®6U(;\6\)6tIliTEitrnr

8LEitrnrrr~

Rationl Approarch
u U Ul (J{l) tt 61fT tt 8i u: @6lJfr8i@jd;®m "'Gmfr6m d;

CB8irrLUrr~rnulS/!I£l5G"6la=8im

8i tr (J6W ru tt {l) ~~®


UrfiJ8i.mUL/5 "eteout':

C!p G"6l!DG"6l 8; UJ

8iL lS/-QUJ@u

f!!:P!OVw wrr!D!D!OVrrw. Qa=uJ{l)..v. Qa=uJ {l)..v

Qa=uJ{l) 1L6IT6l1lUJ!OVrrmir 8im

U!OV(Jrr®w.

",GlS/m," ",rnuruir

c!prnG"6l6lJ~{l)

CB8irrLurr(6l8i@jW,

1.
2. 3.

{l)GYTirfilJU uuJlcb!l8im

8i®8;8i@jW [fJL

u518ifilJw c!p8;£IUJ~~6lJW 6lJ tt {i/8i

QUQ)J£lrn!D61fT.

CB{l)G"6lruUJtt 61fTtil !DG"6lW8iG"6lGYT uuJIcb!l U

urr GlS/UJroiJrf j;!UJ tt 61fTU rfl8irr urfiJ8iG"6l6IT cbu(£l~{l)..v 6,l

sh G"6l {l)

ro-

8in._{!)Jru~

CBu tt rn Q)J ~

tt roW

L roiJ - ~ su IliJ 8i coO


uut

~lS/-uUG"6lLuSlroiJ
8irr(J6W6lJrr{l)

w~{l)~rn

[fJL~G"6l{l)uJlroiJ 6,l cbu(6lw


6lJrrj;!8im wQ)J:!f>GlS/~m6ITrrir8im.

Q)J{l)roiJ8iG"6lGYT wo~fI{l)~~

-dPI~®c!pG"6l!D

56

57

d) £i; fD~

6M d)/ crf1~ a; onE t1 uJ~

ufI ® £i; fD d)/6lJ fDtt 6M{h t1~ 6MILftiJ ,

wUJrrast

(Jean Piaget 1896 - 1980) d)//I


tt ro6ra!D

(!j)8;£IUJ @L:{i;/I~6MU aurr~ fEL~~fD ILfW 6lJ6Yrfr{i;~8; Qa;rr6ir 6Yr : i1!D~LD 6lJ6Yrfr5!)~ C8LD~W 8i-LlSJ-8; UlUJrra~

(!j)MlUJ~6lJdI~6MILfW

@6lJira;6ir 6lJrorSilLf{J)ldllLf6ir6Yrrrir a;6ir. a;rr[JmJf6lJrrfD

QU{J)l£lr06r!Drrfr. ~rr61WL~8;® (!j)8; £IUJLDrr6lJ~ au d)/61~a;

~rovffiJa;~rov8; a;rrL@w /I~!D~LD~UJ

d)/ ~ ® (YJ ~ !D 8; ® d)/ crf1~ a; fD L {h ~ fD 6lJtt fDtb st Gir {J)ltiJ d)/ ~ !::p8; a; u u@ afI Gir !D~ • IfiJ 6Mrom r;;V fj) @ 6lJ@ ~ L UJ et r;;V su tt Q fDL:{i;~fDa;~8;®w d)/ru6M~ cfI~fD~6M Q<'rGiJ6lJrr 8;®5 Q<'r~:{i;~6lJfDrr a; 6lJrorSilLf{J)l:{i;~6lJil6Mrr rovrr®f-b. 19tiJ ~rrrj;!Drr6WlSJ-Gir ~[JWU:{i;~Lr06r a~. ~[JtiJu fiTr06r.~rriruL a;rrrov{ht1~ @£i;fD d)/~®(!j)~!D

a6lJ61W@QLD6Mt..5)UJrra~ 8in..!DI6Mrrfr. ~rrQ!D~eoi.;

. . a;rrLlSJ-6Mrrrr.

<'r8;/I uSIa; (!j)8;£IUJLD~L6lJfDrra;

WUJrra~u5)6M~

"y:{i;/l6lJ6Yrfr5cf1 fiT61WmJf8;a;@" t..5)[JfDrr6MLDrra; rrr06r® fD d)/~6lJa;6Yrrr6lJ6M.

(1776 -1845) fiTr06r!D fD~~6lJ!@rr~ d)/f1)1U6lJt..D,d)/616lJ LD,m.)fD,m.)r06r odPIfDtjyF.rr6M lL6ir6Yr im d


cf)~

u®i1a;6Yrrr a;u t..5)m8;a;uuL@6ir6Yr~.

Q<'rrUfDa<'r~6lJa;6ir d)/6YrUumUJ6M. lLrova;:{i;i1eoi.;..5)uGUJrr Q<'rUJtjJurr@a;6ir t a; :J§!lLrr a; LD,m.)fDr06r QUrjJ{J)l8; Qa;rr6ir~w Q<'rUJrjJu rr@a;m fDL~fDa;6tf'leoi.; urr i1Ut..5)~6M IfiJtjJu@~6lJ~Lr06r LDrjJ {J)lW ~ 8; a; ~fr 6lJLDrr6M Q<'r~:{i;~6lJfDrra; (!j)C!:R~LDUJrr6M Q<'rGiJrurr8;~a;5 8i-LlSJ-8;a;rrLlSJ-6Mrrir. a;rr[JmJf6lJrrfD d)/~®(!j)~!D~UJ lL6YrUU®uurrrU6lJ d)/~®(!j)~!D Qa;rr6ir6Yr(!j)lSJ-lLfwfiTmu~ ~6Yr6lJ aLD~W @@uwUJ~ @~6lJ rurrfD d)/~®(!j)~!D' a;@~rr®w. 6lJ~UU@M>roiJ

fD~6M 5 <'r ;"a; 6ir 8 aLD~W

"~rrfruL"

@[J61WlSJ-6M~W 8in..LLrra;8;
Ll);;ir

cflrov lL6YrcilUJeoi.; ciI~rr~a;6tf'lr06r

@~ fiTUUlSJ-@@ut..5)f1)1w LD,m.)fDrT a;6tf'lm a;tjJ!D~~ <'r8;i1uSim Qa;rr6ir6Yr6YrC8ru@8;a;tjJ!D~8;® d)/lSJ-~LDUJrr6M6lJrT a;~LGir @@~~ fDuUl8; Qa;rrma6lJrrfr

(!j)MlUJLDrr6M fD6i.xovfiTmUfDrr@5Lb. lL6ir6Yr /eoi.; lL6ir6Yrd)/c61~a; # d)/i1 (!j)8;£IUJLDrra; lL6ir6YrQfD6M aurrt1~tiJ ~ aufr LD~U @@8;a;:{i; fDrr6ir ®c61ut..5)LL eair. lLfDrr [JmJf uxt a;5 cflrovir d)//la;6Yr6lJ LD~6l5)rjJ® u!::paflUJ fEwuSlGiJ d)//la;w LD~UUrr6lJ~6Mu5)GiJ

Urr6lJ~6MUJrr6Yrfr a;rorA6ir Qa;r§8i-fD~8;®LULrr

Q<'rrU£l6ir!Drrfr a;6ir. @fDtjJa;rra; {lfrLDrr ,m.):{i;~ Q<'rUJrjJUL @6lJfra;m LDa6Mrr lL{J)lil u~L:{i;fD6lJir a;6Yrrra; @@8;£Ir06r!D6Mfr. rgp@6lJ[J~ lLm6Yr :{i;i/GiJ lLm6Yr d)/c61~a; <'r8;i1ILfW d)ffD~6M 6lJ6YrUu@:{i;fDrovrrw fiT6iru~ utjJc6I ~[JrrrU5cf1a;m 58 fiT6U6lJrr {J)l ..59

Q<'rrUfD6lJfr ;6tf'lGiJ..~6ir a

aWiJ

a:;ITLLU

U LL

~LL6lJ66l6m"uS)61ir

UIJI- uk;ir 66l61r a:;GYf)GiJer iJu(£l

ib

WIT iJ {DLb ~(D)1j (D)1j JIm 66l61r a:;GYf)61ir~ P/GlJ, a:;GiJ6lS), ~p/66l JI[JWIT6m"UUIJI8in.1JI-8; @j66l{D6lJ)1j1Ta:;JlUJIT(]3? JIm

a:; a=8; /luS)61ir W UJW <ifmg)J

6lJ6l5)UJf!)J~/l @®UU.fbjL61ir

4~iI
1.
t51put516iJ @®(D.fbj

fillU'fTfr iHfJ U

UIJI-fillffiNJ; fiir /

U@fillrilc9ifiir

~(D)1j

WL L ~ /l(]rDV

66l61r uS) 61ir Qa=UJ iJ U IT(£l ~66l

WIT!Dprilc9i~t.b

Ulu{lj1T~ ':~1!6)®!6Ic9i~ti
[dl[D{lj61flGM U~61rGMwrrc9i @@!6{lj

@jp/utSlL(£lm61rlTrr.

@[Tmr@
6lJ®Lrf.Ja:;m

(jurr:i):gww

.!)~{lj UlJ1-

6lJ66l[T

61flGM QCJjrr6'irmmruJrn 8>

~iF cf) rDV W

a=~rruuffiJa:;GYf)GiJ

rE/$@Lb tSl66lI:J)UJlTm a:;iJtJJ~66l{D


(yJ 66l {D a a:;L ITm

a:;IT[J6m"WIT$
FF (£l U L

QWIT iJl61flUJ8> 61flc9iUJ rr~w. LJ~6lri@UJ8;c9i Qa=UJ[iJ ulT(£ia;6'ir ~tila;rf18; ®w. U rr fill61flGM Q a=III us (YJ [iJ u@w. ~IT~
.!)~{lj61fl~8>®

6iT 66l61r a:;6iT cf) rDV

U;L::h 66l )1ja:;61f) r;;V

(yJUJiJiluU)1j1T

a:; JlUJlTa 3? 6lS)urfI~~m61rlTrr.


(Jean Piaget)~(£l~)1jUIJI-UJIT$ 66l6lJ::h ~

"gq~
~~

WUJlTa3?8;@j"
@j(yJ66l{D66l

$IT[J6m"6lJIT)$ 1L 61r

2.

26lJUJ~

(YJ{lj6iJ

7 6lJUJ~ 6lJ61flU

(YJdJUL.L

U@fillW

8rUJ[D~(YJw, {ljITW {lj~ UlITa:; ~wu6l5)8>®W .!)~{lj 61fl~ ILl W U lJ1-U U lJ1-UlIT c9i ~:i)c9irf18>®W. LJ~rn @Ul8> a;w U dJ{!5) {ljir 8>c9i rT:i)Ul rr~ a;@i>~8>CJj6'ir iL@fillrr®w. 6lfJ at ffiuil8; Q CJj 6'ir 6lJ tillDiJ rr 1L 6'irm:i:i)6iJ 8isl.lJ1-Ula;6lJGM ib IL61SlirLrr®w.
{ljfr 8; CJj Qc9irrm

UJ ~ IJI-U U 66l L UJIT$

cl1~ ~
(David

ITm

~~@j(yJ66l{D8;@j

uffiJa:;GYf)uL/iF Qa=riJ)$ "(]L6lS)L

~8i-uGiJ" ~[T~

Asubel)

u5/ a:;GlJ tb

Q U f!)JW

fi/

6lJ ITriJ(D)$ a:;®~.fbj 8; a:;66l61r UJW, ~~~L61ir

<ifrmT 6m" 8; a:;® 8>a:;coir

w~ U cD{DGiJ
~66l

UrDV6lJiJ66lpUJW (yJ61ir 66l6lJ~~m61rlTrr.


<ifrmT 6m" 8; a:;®

~IJI-QUJITL.IJI-UJ
6ll1T riJ(D)1j)1j1T .g;

u5/a:; GlJ W (yJ8;.$rUJ ~ ~6lJW

w.$r ~ {D~ • @(D )1j(] a:;ITL U IT(£l W UJITa 3? UJ66l L UJ " bYIJ 8; .$r WIT"
<ifrmT 6m" 8; a:;®GlJ 8;@j Qu

( fi/{D61r 66lWU L/) a:;iJ{D~W,


U;L~)1j

a:;iJ{DGiJ Qa=UJiJUIT(£la:;66l61r WlTiJ{DLb @~


<if~6m" fJ®

~IJI-

rfI~ W fJ ~)1j1T )$ a:; 1L coir 61r~. U U66lL UJIT$ 66l6lJ~~ rE/a:;@Lb


e!JlrDVW 6lS)UrflMUU(£l.$)61ir{D~. (]UIT~ QU®WUIT~W Qa= ~~~w
L/

3.

76lJUJ~ 126lJUJ~

(YJ{ljGV 6lJ61flU

rT :i) UJrr c9i

I§} 6lri- 61fl P

1161flGM{i; {lj~ W , 6lfJ ett lliui)8;

M®6lS)61ir QUf!)JW

m~w, ®Wu U e utr euib , ~6lJa=u{i; ~fr WITGM!!iJCJj~8;® fill®W ~6lJ6iJ IL61SlirLrr®w.

1L)$IT[J6m"WIT a:; @j(£lLbu~/lGiJ ILUJrT 6lJITm


@66l61rUJ6lJrr a U IT8; ~66lLGl/a:;66l61rU

e!Jl~)1j tSlm66l61r U;61ir@j a:;GiJ6l5)uS)GiJ a:;tj;g)J

a:;@§w
~

~6ID)1jU

tJ)61ir U iJc6l a:;GiJ6lS) (EITLLW


(]

.£i 66l m
(]w~w

6lJ )1jIT6IJf) <i, a:; Gil) ITW • cf) Gil) fJ®

6lJ 66l 61r a:; 61f) r;;V

:il

UJ

4.

126lJUJ~ 156lJUJ~

(YJ{ljGV 6lJ61flU

<i CJj® <i a; 61flett ~61flw{i;~ci, QCJjrrm ~w @~L..!)UJ:i {ljrn 61fl ILl W , W 6;J~ Qwrrrn61flp udJ{!5) {ljirM til UJrr GM 1L m {i; ilp 61flW ~®:itlUJrrciJrn!D~'
et 6"61Si ~

~@lU6lJffiJa:;GYf)@llTaL "~8ruGiJ"

{Eurr 6,liJu(£lLb

~rr i>)1jW1;{D rE/66lGil)8;@jm61r1T6lJ)1j1T$ a:;iJ{D~w Qa=GiJ6lJ1T8;@jLb wm

@jp/utJ)L(£lm61rlTrr.

1. 2.

a=e!Jla:; ~lTrmTLrDVlTGiJ

If

Qa=GiJ6lJ1T 8;@j e!JlrDVW 1L@6lJ1T@jW fJ61irp/66l6m"UL/W,


a:;LL66lWuL/Lb

3. 4.

eueait iFmUJ66lLUJw ~)1j@lcoir


{EL8;@jW

~p/66la:;
(EL~66l)$

WIT /lrfl WlTcD{DLb. 61

60

!L~rr[J~LDrr$ QCFiiillQJrr$(!!j

~~

CF~j5jIf1)JViir@Jw, c!:p$ci)UJwrrci)W!D~.

r§w6l51f1)J~W QU6YTfi,~

67!iJu@w w~fi,{i1iiill

"!iiTGiJUL !iiT6l516YiJ" !iiT~UQJIT (Albert Ellis) @~!D(!!j


$(!!j~M61n6YT

(]LDGUrr$ uGiJ(]QJ{J)J

uf)$

C!fJdr 61nQJ~6YTrrir.
4---

(5 _~rr~LGiJ

C_

~~$

t51[J6YiJ~rrt.5J8;a;uu@w. "CFj5jI (!!jUJu mrr ~UJ" @[Jmr@

!iiT~!D mrr fb$iJ:, $61n~ [91rr~

UlJI. $@W LJUJrDlJrrGiJ c!:p(!5)tE~ ru/@tE~ LD[JiDf;iGiJ@(!!jtE~ $/6Yf)iJ:,(!!j@ar$6YT

~rDlJrlli;GiJ 5 -----+ C

@(!!j f;i61nCF$6Yf)GiJiiT(!5)UJUUL@ ru/@tE~6M· @f;iGiJ ffl(!!j (!!j@ar !


~@!J;{D (!!j@ar $ViirQJir$@J61nLUJ ~ rr IiWir L 6iJ 67!DU L.. L

~!Dru/ ffl(!!jQJ(!!j61nLUJ~cfJ[JLDiDf;i~w,
(!!j61n$QUJrrdr(!5)~w UrrQJ61n6M~ (]umu ei)GYf)$ (!!j c§ ar ~~ f1)J61nL UJ r§w ~$ Uyxihu61n~UJW, ~~ ~@$$Wrr6M

Ul dr 6MIT ffl (!!jQJrf) dr ~!lf) 61n CF :i)u11dr $ 8;


wrr{J)Ju@ci)dr!D~. (]urr~ ~QJW1$ !L~rr[J~LDrr$ (!!ju urr6iJ t51W61nW ~~$61nUJu ~61n$u5)f1)J6YT

roJ'i@tE~6M. $6YTQJir$~1fLw ~cfJ[Jwj5j1GiJ

~$UULL
QCFrr!D $)6Yf)iJ:, !!j~ (

~lJI.UU61nLuf)6iJ

~GUffiJ$6iJ uaD

(] $!D U $@61nWUJrr6M ru/@~

WstT 61n6YT$@jU
(]~61nQJuu@$Idr!D~.
wu<]UJrr$/.i$/dr!D~.

67 cD u@w

~~u
~~dJ$rr$

QudJ!J)J.iQ$rrww

~L$$

$61n~$61nW$
r§W!D ~rrmrLGiJ

$61n~fi,~61nLDUJW

t51W61nW ~@$/dr!D~.

roJ'iurH9;$UUL@Viirw~. ~rr.i$w

@(!!j $/GYf).i(!!j@ar$@J.i@jW
~dr61nW

WW61nwu5)~~61nQJ

QQJ6Yf)uu@!J;{Duu@$/~IJ)~.

QCFGi;QJrr~iF QCF~j5jIUJ61nLDUJL~ w!D{J)Jw r§w~8;(!!jUULL

~~f1)JViir @61nQJ8)w$rrL.t.q.UJr§wGiJ roJ'i~UJ Wrr{J)JUULL 1960 $rrGUrlli;6Yf)GiJ ffl(!!jffl(!!jQJ~ @(!!jtE~rrGiY ~61n[J (]~@w !iiT~U~

~UULL

fDLj807n~UJ

wmj){f)JQJ~$

Q$

tt IiWir L ~rr(!!jUJ .

@QJIT $ W ~

~P161n$

CF :i)u11w U lJI. [DL fi, 61n 8; ~

iFardJ(!5)UJ6YT6YT r§w6l5)dr ~t5Iut51[JrrUJLDrr$ o$(!!j~~UUlJI.

~rrliWir LGiY uitt !D!Du ULGiY

LDrr{J)JUULL

C!fJ61n!D @tE~ mrrfb$.i

$61n~u5)f1)J6YT ru/UrflMUUL@WW~. @tE~ !iiT~~.i$(!!j "cfJ.i$/wrr"

tElGUru/ JtE~~. ~6MrrGiY CFWo$rrrDIJ Q [DLiD61n~61nUJwmjJ{J)JQJ~tjJ@j


~~(!!jc!:p61n!DuSlGiY $rr[J~QJrr~ !L6frW ~

!LwroJ'iUJGiY ru/@C§rr~$6YT WUJrr(]mu5)6MrrGiY c!:p~61nQJ.i$UULL !iiT~{J)J ~wMuu@$/~!D~. lLwwiDf;iGiY @(!!j.i$GUrrw ~lJI.U !iiTmr~.i$(!!j . @ ffi~ U U LW 6YiJ8;£lLDrr"!iiT~U~ 6)"~W ~UQJ~W 61~{J)J aa..lJ)uu@$/drlJ)~.
~CFL

~@J61nLUJ .f)~61n6M61nUJ~~
~WCFwrr(f!jliJ.

~(!5)61n0$CFiJ:,f;i61nUJ wrrdJ!D (]QJ~@t.b


!L~rr[J~wrr$

@~ $rr[J~QJrr~

67dJU@UJ ffl(!!j Qurr~iDf;iLLLDrr(!!jw. ~f1)J UQJ~ :i)dr (!!j lL~6l.f)UJrr$

@~ !LWU ULWrr$
cyJ GU W :i)(!!jw

~~rjxf!j .f)!D~

U CF u:

c!:p61n!DuSlGiY!L6YTW ~P161n$ CF IT [DL~ 61n wrr!D {J)J~ #lei)~ 61n 61nUJ tt ~ CF (Cogntive Behavioural Therapy - CBT) (!!j(!5)uwLGUrrw. !Lu(]UJrr.i)iD~ @rfiJ@j ~(!5)61nQJ

u61nLu11iiill ~[JrrriJQJ~!D

@(!!ju

U61n~ @ffi ~
"6YiJ.i$/wrr"

cyJrDlJWo$rrLlJI.UJwwrrir.

@(!!jffi~ (]urrf;i~w.

[DLiD61n~ wrrtjJlJ)w [D61nLQU{J)J$/dr!D~.


!L~irlOlf !iiT@lJ:cfJ QCFuJUJlOlfw C!:PlJI.l1./w.

rE1[l{D~[lLDrr6MQ~rr~IJ)GiJGIJ. @~ ~UQJ~Lf1)JUJ LDrr{J)JuL.i aa..lJI.UJ~rr(!!jw. wUJrr(]m ffl~!Drr.i$/ ereoeon (]$rrLUrr@$61nwUJUJ,

LJf;iUJ o$dJlJ)~LW1w

61GiYUL !iiT6l5)6YiJ ~ITo$6YT c!:pm-61nQJiD~ $rr[J~QJrr~


!iiTmr~8;$(!!j.i$61nWUJUJ LJ~f;i QJwir iF#l61nUJUJw ~LD~ w[JiF#l61n6M61nUJ LJ~f;i.i ~6M~ ~ir.i$rTiJUJrr6M

#l$/iF61nCF (Rational Emotive Therapy - RET) c!:p61n1J) cyJGUw (]CF61nQJ [Drrt.q. aa..IT61nWUJLdr u(!!juumulOlf LJiDiJ61nUJo$LlJI.QUJ@uuIOlfW
tt rfJUJ~ ~

W6fr61nW $GYf)dr u(!!jQJffiJ$61nwUJw,

~~~UlJI.

t51~QJ(!!jLDrr{J)J ru/w.i$/UJ6YTwrrir.

@~ f1)Jrr(] L
Q$rr6frQJ~tjJ(!!j d){61nLD$)~!D~.

Ul [J~ #l61n6M61n LJ~:i) CF UJ tt~

L dr

6l.f)w rfiJ $).it


@~~ut.q.

(]CF61nQJ [Drrt.q..i(!!j d)/Gl.J$rrCFW$/61nL.i$/dr!D~. @tE~ urfJ$rr[J

~ #l rfJUJIT ffl (!!jQJ rfJdr U tt ~ f;i [J~ :i)!D (!!j ffl U U tt $ @ ffi~ #lei) ~ 61nCF
c!:p61n!DuSlGiY ffl(!!j [DU61n[J LJ~f;iI1./6frw
63

62

cilrovffiJa;fTa;d; a;~jh~ a;fT[J1OrRfT rfilUJL~W

{ljLrul.S/-d;tOma; 61@UU~W QCFUJ iJU@wrutOm[J

~fD~ {ljufr LfjhilUJL~W


eutr f:jJ

LD£iWiFcflUJfT a;

C!:PI.S/-UJw

01. LD.$IWiFcfI 02. uUJroMUfT@m6YT 03. uUJ~m6YT ~a;ruL Q~fTLfrLf 04. ~roMLfW, UltOmlOrRfTULfw 05. UJ~fTfrjh~jhtOm~u -

~d;a;w ~ySl6lJ ~®w UI~f:jJUJfTGM cf!fD~~GM a;@tOmLDUJfTGM aUfT d;@) @)iJ!DLDiJ!DruroM61roM!D ~roM~LD / arUJ {ljrovjh ~6iTtOmLD

61roM[!)J@fD~ 6161W1OrRfT d;a;® arLI.S/-d;8'ifTL@.$IroM!D~'

~6tfuJrr61i"
(Concept

umofw

6T6tJlfr6UlSl'.$c!5®

(Concept of Person)
~®rutT ~GircDI~GM a{ljtTLDLDfTGM (Positive) aru61W@W. ~[6{ljufr U UJ67ir

LfrflfD~d; Qa;fTm6YTroV-

of person)

~~UJfT6rT

~l.S/-uu~Lu5IroV a;fT[JlOrRfTjh~L~W, r£l6" LDtt ~ ~®

61roVrovfTruiJcDlroMw~w LfjhilUJL~W

a;ruGMw QCF~jh~

a{ljfT8i@)~roV aru61W@w a LD!D a;fT L L U U L L ~rucflUJLDfTGM


eteoeott

61roMUtOm~~mudJcDlUJ

6161WIOrRfTd;a;®cil6YTd;@)£iroM!D~' @~~m

U U eu [J tt a; 6l/ ti: ,

il!D 67ir

{ljroO Qrov ~ ~LD~

IOrRfT~t.iJ CF a;6rT eu tt f:jJ a; ~ ffiJ rufTw8itOma;~UJ ~6dluuLL

a; 8;

@)

!L 6rT 6YT [J tt a; 6lJ t.iJ eu


6}"

~I.S/-UUtOmL

~wCFffiJa;6YTfTa; @)cDluUlLUUL@m6'tTGM. @@

ULiEa"m._I.S/-UJru!JfT;6lJw ~a; a {ljU rfl67ir cflfD~~GMaufT

C!:PI.S/-UJw1roMU~ Q~GYfIrufT£/roM!D~' ~ila;LDfT a; 6

W6rT tOm6YT U ® eu~ U

ilroO

~La;~8;@)t.iJ

rjJ u@t.iJ

a; tt [J IOrRfT rjJ !D LD a; 61roVUL 611Ol516YiJ 6167ir[!)J {lj6'ir@)

a;61W"lOrRfTfTl.S/-a;m ~LfT ~® ~W6YTfr ~61W"Jfr ruf:jJffiJa;uu@4J6'ir!D~' £/tOmLih~a~ ~LD8i@) £i~Lih~ r£ltOm!Da ru rjJ cifI.$ @~61W1OrRfT

a; a{ljfT 8ia; C!:PI.S/-UJw. !L~fT[JIOrRfTLDfT ~fT a;cilLfTrli8i@) a; aa;Ld;a;UULLaUfT~ @d; ~tOm[Jih ~W6YTfr ~61W~U [JfTrufP C!:PI.S/-UJw. a{lj[J i;{ilroV ~tOm[J i; ~w6YTrr ~61W J @®8ia;6l/w ~LD~

d;@)W UliJa;fTrovjhilroV ciI®jhilUJtOmLru~fT @~iJ@)6rT IOrRfT a;6rT ffiJ 6}"iJu@w

roJl6YT8;£/UJ6rT6YTfTrr. @~iJ@) 8in.!DUU@.$IroM!D~' a;fT[J1OrRfT LDiJ!D 61 ~ uiluUI~GM


~~6tJ)LD

CFey:;a; a;iJ!DroO Social Learning

a;fT[J1OrRfT rf{ilUJfTGM ~roVrov~ ~d; ~ {ljU®8i@)

616'ir[!)J LD4Jf:jJiFcf!UJtOmLUJfT~ ~tOm[Jih ~w6YTrr ~61WmTfr ~6YT6l/L6'ir {iI®u{iI ~~Ld;~ a~tOmrua;~6YT

t.5liJ a;fTrovi;{ilroV

~fTaGM 4JtOmLih~6rT6YT~ 61GM {iI®U{ilUJtOmLUJfT~

6}"iJu@ih~ru~fTa;

~UJ[!)Jih~uUL@m6YT~.

Q a; tt 6rT ~ t.iJ ~ 67ir tOm tOm LD UJ ~ ~ tOmLDU u!D

umn5\u

!!f1

6T6tJlfr6UlSl'6;c!5®

8ia;® e!jJrovw cil6YT8ia;uu@$IroM!Df6J.

(Concept of Personality) g.~.8'. C3c!5rrLUrrCB (A.B.C Theory)


a; I! [J1OrRfT eutt~ ~~@)C!:PtOm c!:p8i$./UJi;~ruw !DuJ)6'ir UI.S/- ~6dlUJ ~~tOmLD
tt 6rT

• ~~tOmLD

u5)a; 6lJw 1970w ~cilarov ~~@ @8i aa;fTLUfT@ ul.S/- ~®rurr c!:p6'irtOmrud;a;uuLL 6}"~QLDfT® aUfT{iI~w 1991 @~ ~ LDf6J 6}".U.§.I!2..FF.61U 61roM[!)JaLD~W ru6'tTfriFcflUJ~L~m6YT~.

QU[!)J£/6'ir!Df6J'

ru6YTfr iFcf!u5IroV {ljroVQrov61W1OrRfT ~~tOmLD {ljroVrov uUJ~m6YT

rf{ilUJfT GM 61 61WIOrRfTffiJa;tOm6YT !Lm6YTL8i£iUJ !L6rT6YTL8i4JUJ Qa;fT~L~fTa; cil6YT8ia;uuL@m6YT~. cilurfl8ia; C!:PI.S/-UJw. ~~tOmLD ~ySl6lJLGMfTGM CFey:;a;i;il!D@)

~ 67ir!D tt a; ~ ~ LDeu~ L 67ir {ljroO Q rov 6W IOrRfT !D !D 61 6W IOrRfT a; tOm LD ffiJ 6YT ItOmLDUJfTGM uUJ6'ira;tOm6YT8i uUJ6'ir~[JfT~ ~6'ir!DfTa; ~tOmLDd;f6l

aa;fTLUfTLI.S/-6'ir a {ljtt .$ @)t.iJ !Lm6YTiDiI~GMUJw, @8iaa;fTLUfT@W

UI[JiFcfltOmGMQUJfTroMcDI~GM Q8'lU~ Qa;fTm6lJ6lf)1S

6lJ'I~ ~

il6ri1GM il

® ~ f6J eu~ fT@)t.iJ. . ~ ~ rjJ a; tt a;

cf!~tOmGM CF8;j;/a;6m6YTUJw ciI®iDiI cilUrfld;.$I6'ir!D~' 65

@tOm~ @[J61W@ UI[J~fTGM cf!d;~tOmGMU UlrflrufTa;

64

Disputing {lj6lJ)!OI.J @ uJ

Intervention

6TID7irU!f» a;rr[l6m"6lJrr{lj roU/urf'lMuu@,$)m-!D!f».

cf)Ji;{lj~!01ST ~!Oi:}(;;I.J!f» ~{ljrr6lJ!f»

Q 8' ell {lj!Ol.J (!!Jtb . @!f» rr

Ul[I {ljrr !01ST~ roil f!)J U (!!JtJ UJrr a;

@8;(]a;rrLUrrLLq_mVllJ-

c.

@tl;{lj

{tla; W 6l.f a; rr [16m" u: rr a;

!OJ" tjJU

LL

W !01STQ6lJ(!::piF 51

If i/UJrr!01ST

1. Q6lJrorf)uU@~i/8; a; rr [16m" W

Qa;rrsir!OlTroiJ (Detecting)

• (]8'6lJ)6lJ {DrrllJ-8;(f5 {ljw!f» U

{DL~6lJ){lj wrrtjJ!Dw D. E.

~roiJ!OI.J!f» roU/6lJ)!OIT6l.f (Cognitive Change) {lj6lJ)!OI.JuJ@ (Disputing Intervention) 51Ji;{lj6lJ)!01ST(Effect of Effective

tjJ !D 6T 6lRlT 6m" !!iJ a; 6lT 6T ID7ir !01ST6T roil u!f»

tjJ!!fl

(] {ljllJ- 8;
(] {lj6lJ)6lJ

Qa;rr sir 6lJ{ljtjJ(f5 lL{ljroU/iF Q8'uJ6lJ{ljrr (!!Jw. @1!iJ(!!J (]8' 6lJ)6lJ {DrrllJ-8; (!!J 51!OI.J a;rr[l6m"6lJrr {lj 51tl;{lj6lJ)!01ST!OI.J!f» ~ LJi/UJ {lj~!f»6lJW (] 6lJ6lJ)!OIT; rorfJroiJ {ljw!f» a o;rtjJuL!OI.Jrrw. ~roiJ!OI.J!f» LJi/UJ a;LLrrUJ Philosophy) U U@~{ljU U LL
cf)Ji;{lj6lJ)!01ST UJ W rr tjJf!)J6lJ{ljtjJ(f5 6lJ)

@flil(!!J a;LL6lJ)!OITu.J'iLroiJ U!OI.J6lJtl;{ljUU@~{ljroiJ (]urrm!D a;@6lJ)wUJrr!01ST 6lJ8'!01ST flila;sir , a;(!!j~!f»8;a;sir

(]8'6lJ)6lJ {DrrllJ-u5lm- 51tl;{lj6lJ)!01STu5l!Ol5)(!!jJi;!f» ~a;tjJ!Duu@~!D!f». (New Set of Feeling) 2. roU/6lJrr{ljw Q8'uJ{ljroiJ (Debating) 6T~6m"flila;sir, (!!J!61uWLUU@6lJ!f» B
C

F.

LJi/UJ lL6m"ir6l.fa;sir l]a;rrLUrrL6lJ)L

(]8'6lJ)6lJ {DrrllJ-u5lm- a;rr[l6m"wtjJ!D w!01STuurrflil(f5a;sir

IUJ utjJ!61

ABCDEF A

.:row

a;(!!j~!f»8;a;sir,

{Dww8;6lJ)a;a;sir,

(]urrm-f!)J

a;~{lj

roilliurr {ljw Q8'uJ{ljroiJ. 3. (]6lJf!)Jurr@ a;rrL.@{ljroiJ (Discrimination) a;rr[l6m"wtjJ!D 51{i;{lj6lJ)!01ST

«!fJiMf/[I iMfitjJCf5

wrrcD!D!OI.Jrrw.

~WULJ8;a;6lJ)!OIT E

wrrtjJ!61 {DroiJ!OI.J 51tl;{lj6lJ)!01ST6lJ)UJ o;rtjJu@~{ljroiJ. l]a;rrLUrrLLq_m-UllJ-I]8'6lJ)6lJ


ui

I]wtjJa;rrLLUULL @{lj(ba;rra; ILm!OlT~ (y)6lJ)!D6lJ)UJ 51!Duurra;

{DrrllJ-u5lm- a;rr[l6m"wtjJ!D @w. @6lJ)6lJa;6lJ)!OITwrr(bf!)J{ljroiJ

6T6l5ir6m" flila; rorf)roiJ U llJ- U U llJ-UJrr a; A u5lm- a;rr [16m" uut a; B 1L(!!j6lJrr 6lJ{ljrra; ~ I] [I U U rr ir 6lJ)6lJu5lroiJ U rr rr a; a; 8in.llJ-UJ{ljrra; @(!!jtl;{lj I]urri)~w 1L(!!j6lJrr(!!J6lJ!f» l]a;rrLurr@
A

rr tjJ!Dflila; sir Q8' uJ {ljroiJ I] 6lJ~

51~!01ST,

~!616lJ)a;, 8'~

UJ{ljrrir~{ljwrra;

~{ljrr~8;(!!Jwl]urr!f»

I] 6lJ6l5ir@w • IL !OIT6lJ!OIT ~!f»6lJ) 6m" uf}1D7ir I] U rr!f» a;rr [16m" eutt {lj ~~(!!J uUJm-u@~{lj!Ol.Jrrw. a;L..IJJ.- UJ(!::puLJWI]urr!f» Q U![J51#J I]W(b8in.!DUULL Qgs[Jw uer!jwir QutjJ!D ~!616lJ)a;

A u5l!01STrrroiJroiJ!OI.J B u5l!01STrrroiJ ~ {ljrrm-

6Tm-U6lJ){lj @tl;{lj

roU/!OIT 8;(!!J,$)m-!D!f». ILf UtjJ!616TW8;(!!Jsir

@(!!j8;(!!JW (DWW8;6lJ)a; a;rrLLUUL@sir!OlT!f». ~u5l6lJ) I01ST a;rr[l6m"6lJrr {lj ~(!P6lJ)!D6lJ)UJ :!Jj~!f»ru§rr~a;m IL!OITroU/UJ!OI.J ir a;m ttea lL!OITroU/UJ!OI.Jrr!OlTira;~8;(!!J ~@~{lj{ljrra; Qu f!)Jwi)u5J8;a; Cfi(!!j~!f»~a;sir,

~ti;{!) U![liFcf1rolnlO1ST6lJ)UJ 8;.$)UJ (!P6lJ)cvuJkirUllJ-I]UJ l]{Drr

+-

--+ C U!6lJ)6m"UU!6lJ)101ST!P!61~!f» 6lS/(j;l6lJ!f» @iF8'tl;{ljiruu~i)roiJ (


Wlu5l6lJ)101ST~:!Jjrr:!Jj [Juut a; Qa; rr ~@ 1]6lJ6l5ir@w. @{ljWlrrI]L

51!Dtl;{lj:!Jjrr(!!Jw. @{ljtjJ(!!J

{Jeram Bruner} l]a;rrroiJ uir8; (Kohlberg) (]urrm-!D

wrrtjJf!)J6lJ{ljtjJ(!!J ~tjJ8'rra;Qw@~:!JjroiJ Qa;rrsir!OlT!OI.Jrrw 6Tm-f!)J 6Ti)irurrir

E ILfW (!!Jw

6T6l5ir6m" 8; a; (!!j 8; a; sir

fljroiJ!OI.J (!p6lJ)!Du5lroiJ6lJ!OITirF51UJ6lJ)LILfW I]urr!f» i MUU@,$)m-!D!f». 66

U![J iF516lJ)I01ST6lJ)UJ~ ~!f»8; lir

67

U Gl.)6lJtjJ6"6)J) a a=IT~,{5J ~srf)~,{5J"" I


UJUJfTa tJS6l1fT tJa;6ir

SfT~ IT• @~ tjJ (f!j a W Gl.)r a; !Jj6>l~ t c!:pv;ir6"6)6lJiJs~~ir.

UGl.) aQJ!!)JufT@a;6ir
~~~ w~uufTv;ir6"6)wa;6ir

@(!!juu~fTa;

@QJira;6ir

aw~w

aTL.Ll1-8; a;fTL.Ll1-~ir. W tjJ!!)JW

UrolJa6lJ!!)J ~~(f!jc!:p6"6)IJ)8>6"6)SfT
~§l!IDI@@6O)ID

tt rolJ LSfTruJUJrolJ

UJ [Jq.1)6"6) ~ a;6ir

a !JjfTlll a;""

ruJ [J 8; i/
tt ,{5J

6,JtjJu@QJ~cix!!J

@LWJ(!!jUU~fT

a; @6iJ6u~(f!jc!:p6"6)1J)
uf) ci au
tt L.

VII. Qd)6TULIT6\)L. Gestalt Approach


"Qa;WLfTru:.. ~(!!j U~fT(f!jW.
ruJ~w, ~ ~6"6)WU'-I, 6Yf) ci

e!Jl Gl.) b i
~~6"6)~

aT

L. c$ a; tt L. Ll1- u.t"" SfT~ IT • Qa=rU~rolJ @~(f!j


~@:96"6)W,

L SfTQJ SfT~,{5J 6"6) ~


'-IGl.)8;a;

a=WU (!;~u U L. L QJ(!!j8; (f!j UJ6"6)EJlUJtt~ #[JfT8;a;W tOTv;iru,{5JQ~irWl;;~UJ a;(!!j~ QWfTyS/uSIGV ~W~ @~dJa;fTa; GUfTwlJ) ~~UJfT6ir

cf) rEJa;w(!; iI(!!j (!;~fT rolJ

@LwQu!!)J.$)v;irIJ),{5J.

~c!:p6"6)IJ)" @~v;ir SfTib

!l... -,;roir6"6)wUJfT~

QJLl1-QJW, WfTtJrf/, Q~rf/u.tw

@jfTua;w,

'-IGl.)a;a;fTL..!l,

'-I~tJ,

a;rolJruJ
Qa=rUUJ

~6"6)~iJs,{5Jw

tOTv;ir!!)J UGl.)QJfT!!)J ~6"6)w.$)v;irIJ),{5J.

~(!!j Gl.)

L""

tOT Q U tr c!::p,{5J U t..D ~(!!jQJIT

~ (!!j

c!:p 6"6)J) ~6"6) W I 6,J~WfTW6"6)1J) ~Ill

u Jla

!JjL~6"6)~a;6"6)SfT

tJ(!!j~iI tOT U,{5J ci

~6"6)WUU,{5J

~6lJ.!lUJW

G QJ ~
1880 _

Ll1- UJQ ~ tr ci !!)J 1943)


OJrf/~

Q a; GYU L. L tt 6V L.
6"6)6lJ~ir"

QJ tt flI a; 6Yf) ci (Max Wertheimer

Qa=UJtjJu@.$)cilJ),{5J.

tOTuruGUfT,{5Jaw tt a; U UJrf)~,{5J

~roiJGl.),{5J

~OJuOJ[JfTUJWfT(f!jw.

@(!!j~fT~W tiiTWUQJIT

"Qw8;6rU

Qu

tt (!!jQSfT

tt W 6"6)1J) u(f!jila;SfT

6lJ Qa=IllQJ6"6) ~ruJL


~wi£JufTv;ir{6iv;ir

6,J,{5JQWfTW6"6)1J)

GwGGl.)fTL.LWfTa;.!l!!)J uroiJ(]6lJ!!)J UJ[JfF.!l6"6)~a;6ir, @6lJir ~w{6i6"6)~

c!:pc!::p6"6)wUJfTa; ~rU6lJ cf)IJ)UUfT~

Qa=ti.J6lJ~cix!!J lL6irSfT ruJ(l!jL.IJu L6irSfT,{5J.

~~SfTfTa;

'-IGl.)MfTL..!l a;fTmru~

@Gl.)L.a=~wfTa;

@(!;~

~{6i6"6)a;uSlWJfTaL

UGl.)
udJ{6i

(f!j6"6)lJ)ufT@a;6ir

6,JdJu@QJ~fTa;fF

aTL.Ll1-a; 8>fTL.Ll1-~fTir.

UJ [J # d)6"6) ~ a; ""

(f!j6"6)J)U fT@a; "" I


6,JtjJu@w

tOT EJl C!:p Ll1- u.tt..D

C!:p c!::p6"6) UJtt 8> U W

c!:pc!::p6"6)wUJfT G!JjfT a;a;rolJ a; (f!j{6iUOJL.@6irSfTfTir. ~~fT


~(I!j

an ~fT[J~WfT~

~fT @rolJ6"6)Gl.)UJfTtiiTv;iru,{5J udJ{6i


LSfT rTtJUJfT~ ~WJuQJ~a;6ir @UJMWfTa;6lJw, Qa=~~15

UfT iru UtJWJfTaL Qa;WLfTrolJL. 6,J~WfT(!!j


8>fT[J~WfTa;

UGl.) UJ[J fF.!l6"6)~ a;6ir


ruJSfTa;(!!j.$)w

.!la;a;rolJa;6ir,

eteosott ~~UUL.L ruJ~~tJGGl.)

~~(f!jc!:p6"6)1J)

IJ),{5J.aa=6"6)QJ !JjfTLl1QUJfT(l!jQJir

c!:p6"6)lJ)uSlrolJ WUUfT8> ~ ~6"6)w(!;~ tiiTw!!)J

@(!!jUU~fTrolJ ~
~~,{5J L~fT [J~WfT

UJ[J fF.!l6"6)~ 6"6)UJ aWaGl.)fTL.LWfT

a;u

UfT ir~,{5J c!:pLl1-6lJa;(f!j


ruJ6"6)SfT6lJa;6ir

cf)lJ)uufTa;6lJw GQJ~@W c!:pa;w

a;QJ~~6"6)~
8>

QJ(!!jQJfTa[JUJfT ~fTroiJ ~~WJ6ir QJfTW8;6"6)a;

6,JdJu@w
QQJ!!)JuJltjJ(f!jW,

c!:p6"6)lJ)aa;LfT~ ruJ[J<'ii/8;(f!jW

(f!j{6iu UJ@.$)v;irlJ)fTir.

~(!!jQJ(!!j6"6)LUJ rolJ ~(!;~ L~@,


e!Jl8;(!!j,

LL.UL

,{5J8;a;~ i/6"6)~u.tw, c!:pa;~ilrolJ a;w~w

a;QJ6"6)Gl.)6"6)UJu.tw a;fT L.@QwwlJ)fT ~6"6)W(!;,{5J6irSfT ~~a;~a;SfTfT~

6,J.{5JQJfT.$)v;irIJ),{5J tOTv;iru6"6)~ ~~c!:p6"6)1J)

~u.t!!)J~.$)v;irIJ),{5J.

!JjU(!!j6"6)LUJ a;mra;6ir,

'-I(!!jQJW,

~6"6)QJa;GYf)w
~v;irlJ)fTa;

tOT6lJGl.)fT a~fTdJlJ)~tJ6"6)~u.tw ~~dJa;fTa;

.$)tf)WLl1-UJW

OJ.

tOTUQ[J8; ~6lJU8;

tiiTWUQJir

18606lJ ~{6ic!:pa;uu@~tJUJ
OJv;ir~ir

~~iJs~~UJfTa; QWfTiJs~wfTa;

u(f!jUUfTrU6lJ Qa=rUQJ,{5J lLa;(!;~~rolJGl.) tiiT~6lJw,


c!:pa;iJstJ6"6)~ a;6W)~,{5J ~il6lJ Qa=rUUJ arumr@Qw~ Gw~w

Qa;WLfTrolJL.

lLSfTruJ@j@jfT~

~(f!jc!:p6"6)IJ)6"6)UJ

1912 ~ruJrolJ
aw~w

QQJGYf)a;a;fTL.@w
aTL.Ll1-a;

"QQJfTrolJa=wa; Qa;fTGl.)[r" (Wolfgang Kohler 1887 ...1967) a;fTirL. Qa;fTua;fT (Kurt Koffka 1886· 1914) aUfTv;ir1J) LSfTruJUJ6lJ ruJ@j@jfT~a;6ir
QJSfTirn~ir.

LSfTuSlUJrolJ'-Ia;6"6)SfT u(f!jUUfTrU6lJ a;fTL.IJ1-u.t6irSfTfTir •

@(!;~ ~wa=~8>@:9a;(!!j
~(I!j

aWGl.)fTa; tOT~IJ)W

6,J@ja=rolJ, a;irL. Qa;Gl.)Ll1-wLl1-~ U tt ,{5J U(!!)ila;SfT


~fTUJ GQJ~@Qw~
fT a;

!Jju ir 6,J~w

tt W 6"6)J) c!:pc!::p6"6) UJtt a; '-IGl.)8; a; tr L..!l I W

a;fT~

U ~dJ(f!j

et W UQJIT a;6ir

6,J,{5Jw LSfT U UJ[J fF cf)6"6) uSlwG ~


tiiT@~ c!:pv;ir6"6)QJiJs~fTir.

ruJ (!!jW '-I cfJ IJ)tr IT tOT u,{5J Q a; 6fiJ L. L tt roiJ L. W ~fT0f)~
c!:pv;ir ~ir a;fT.m-u6"6)~

QJ tt i/a; ""

a; (!!j~ ~ tt (f!jW •
c!:p6"6)~

OJrf/a;a;fT,{5J UJ[JfF.!l6"6)~6"6)UJ QWfTiJs~wfTa; ~w,{5J a;(!!j~~

'-Irf/~8;Q8>fT~W

68

Q8i sN L LIT 6VL


Q])@j@ITOO8i@W <:!J){j;l8iWITG~1T

eu IT~

i> ,,6"6> ~

(YJ6'ir 6"6> fOlli> ~

et

6VCOlJ :L 6'IT IT Q})UJ6V


<:!J){j;l6lJ cf) fJJU U IT 8i

G8?irw6'ir ir Guir~ro

[DITLLfOllir8i6'ITIT8i

@(!!j9;~~Lro

l..j6\)d:.diITL6U UrIm5\u 6T6lI1SrmsT d:.c!5® (Concept of Perception)


sr ~WIT
G[DITUlu tSJ!lf[>IT~ :LU

U6lJ8i6"6>COlJ8ifJJ8ii>6"6>~"6>WUJWIT8i 6"6>fOllj,~ 6

U roiJG eu £!)/ ~!l1T


<:!J){QWrf)8;8i 4COlJWQUUJir9;~ ~WrfJM

til cF cf) 8i 6"6>'IT Q ~ IT L 6

ffiJ afI UJ 6lT 6'IT W 6"6>


tSJd:>ULL

ro 6"6>fJJucqjj;l8i6'IT1T U tSirf)j,~
4rfJ~8; Q8iIT6frfOll~ :L6fr6'IT~.

U lTir UU6"6>~Q])L
UlTiruu~

QWIT j,~WIT

8i

cqj6JuUL8;a;,,_LiJ.-UJG1~lTrofJJlTcqjW. cqjLiJ.-UJ!lcf)if;cqj @fOllir8i6fr

~~IT6lJ
:LUJ!T

8iITCOlJffiJa;61&iJ ~U1UJ

ro;rd:>fJJQ~~ 4COlJMITLcf) 'iiTmrfiimM(!!jruJro QWIT~WIT8i 'iiTLlJUIT~W ~w£JrofJJ~ <:!J){~ 'iiTrou~

8i6VQ})8; cqjW , ~!llTtilcFcf)8;cqjW


<:!J){~cqj(YJ6"6>fJJ6"6>UJ~8;£)UJ ~COlJW <:!J){9;f[>:!J){~cqj(YJ6"6>fJJ <
8' til

8i(!!j~8i

Q8iWLLIT6VL
U!lUtSJUJ~ro

ucqjj;l8i6'ITIT8iU

UlTiruU6"6>f[>ruJL

(YJUlUJWIT8i

cqjLiJ.-UJ!lcf)Wl6fr@W

Q8iWLLIT6lJL
@c;;ix;;vITiJ®UU~Lro

fOlllTj;l8i6Yf'Jro tSJ!l~IT~

~(!!j 'iiT@G8i1T6'lTITcqjw. 4COlJMITL.f) 8iLL6"6>WU4


":L(!!jfOll(YJW rfj;lUJIT~ G[DIT8;@j rfj;lUJIT8i [DLUU6"6>~ 8in.L@fOllir8i6ir <:!J){~6'ir tSiro~~UJw" @~WlITGL @COlJcqjfOlllT8i •

:L COlJ8i ITQ})UJ 6'IT

rf'"uf)roiJ

U !lQjfOll ~ if; cqj eu ySlQ

UJU U L @6lT 6'IT ~.

[DLfOllLiJ.-8;6"6>8i8i@8;cqj 'iiTuGUIT~W
~ ~wu4 8i1T!lfiim WIT 8i (YJro6"6>fOll8;£)rofJJ~ir.

Q8iWLLIT6lJL
@fOllir8i6fr

fOlllT ~cqj(YJ6"6>fJJu5Iro ~

cf)fJJUtSJUJ6lJ4 'iiTro~Q6lJ61irfJJlT6lJ

8' IT~1T!lfiim

:L 6'lTQ])UJ6lJ, tSi6fr 6"6>6'IT 8i6fr :L 6'lTQ])UJ6lJ, tSi [lGUJIT 8i Q])@j@IT~W wd:>£!)/W


8'~8i

:L6'lTQ])UJ6lJ, WIT~L

Q])@j@IT~W

GUlTrofJJ

4COlJ8;8iITLcf)u5)dr
'iiTuGUIT~W

cf)fJJUUIT~

~(!!j 'iiTmr6"5lJf8;8i(!!jfOlllT@jW.
4rf)9;~8; Q8iITv;irfOll~1J@j

UITLriu8i6"6>6'lTUJw fOll6'ITirUU~d:>®w

Urf.J8i6Yf'Ju4 Q8'Ii.J~6fr6'IT~ir.

(YJ@6"6>W6"6>UJu

<:!J){6"6> WfOll~1T 8i Q8isN L L IT6VL QWITj,~WIT8i tSi!l ~IT~

eu IT"8i.m6'ir
6"5IJf

<:!J){w U W !lITUJ WlTcqjw

Q8isNLLIT6VL
£!)/

:L6'IT Q])r§@IT~

<:!J){~cqj(YJ6"6>fJJ6"6>UJ

:L(!!jfOll(YJW,

w6'ir~~UJw

'iiT6'ir fJJ 'iiT~

8; 8i(!!jQ])6'ir
ro;r~WlTir

.f}fJJU WUJ6V tSJdr~~UJ

LJ

~ro

mi6iu;"@Jf 8;8i(!!j8;8i6fr ~L

<:!J){6J9;~8; Q8iIT6fr6'ITCOlJlTw.

'iiTdr~fOlldrfJJlT6lJ <:!J){LiJ.-U U6"6>LUlIT8i

4COlJ8;8iITLcf) 'iiTLlJUIT~W
6"6>fOllj,~

<:!J){~if;cqj <:!J){LiJ.-UU6"6>LUJIT8i @(!!juu~ ~@6"6>W 'iiTroUf[>lTcqjw.

4COlJ8;8iITL.f),

8i6VQ]) w1J£!)/W

<:!J){6"6>WfOll~lTcqjW.

@~ ~

4COlJ8;8iITL cf)
~@ QWITj,~wlTa;

[DLfOllLiJ.-8;6"6>8itflfJJw, 4COlJ8;8iITLcf) 'iiTdrfJJ @!l~@8;cqjW .f}fJJUUW8'WIT8i @fOllir8i6fr GUIT~

QUIT~fOlllT~

cqj!61UtSiLL~ir.
Gwd:> 8in.fJJUULL [D1T6'ir@j

@rufOlllT£!)/

GW1J 8iITLLUULL ~ Q[D(!!jMWlTfOllG~

Q])LUJM6fr,

'iiTmrfiimM(!!jM6fr

~~UJIT6fr

[DLj,mf[>

~ITLcf) @6'ir Wlw G'ta;WLLIT6lJL

a;1T~w

<:!J){LiJCFriu8i~$@j 4fJJwulTa;

@~

8i1T!lfiimWIT8i ~w~fJJ~.

ro;r~w ~dr6"6>fJJ

UJ!l f[>1T~

Ga;1T L UIT@8i6lT Q8'6VfOlllT8;cqj

4COlJ8; 8iITL d)
Q8'Slli>~fOllfl>lTa;

4COlJ8;8iITL.f} 8i1T~U~W

<:!J){6lJCOlJ~'rf)UJIT~ 8
4rfJ~8;

<:!J){6lJCOlJ~Si6"6>fJJUJIT~ t
Qa;1T6frfOll~W ~(!J1OllrfJdr (YJ@

[DLfOllLiJ.-8;6"6>8i8i~8;cqj

G[D!lLiJ.-UJIT8i

<:!J){I.JI-UU6"6>LlU/6'i; ro;r~w §>@ ruJLUJj,mfl> 8i6'i;Q]) wd:>£!)/W <:!J){!61Qj WLLj,j;ldr


[DLj,m~u5)Sllw <:!J){f!>d:>a;IT8i QurfJ~w 6lJ6l5)UJ£!)/dJUJ6ir6'IT~ir. :L~UJIT8i

fOlllTj;l8i6fr 8i-LLiJ.-8;8iITLLiJ.-~ir.

~fOll8i6'ITIT~

<:!J){6'lTQj <:!J){9;~ ~@6"6>LUJ ~ooUJIT6fr

Q8'<DOO.JIT8;cqj8= Q8'Sllj,~fOllf[>ITa;Qjw @(!!jUU~8iQjw

~@6"6>W fOlllTiJa;6ir @fl>dr tSi!l~IT~ 8i(!!jj,~IT8i <:!J){6"6>WfOll~8'WWIT~ cqjQ})UJCOlJITa; 'iiT@i>~ fOllLiJ.-fOllj,~Ldr 8ifOll6lff)U u~if; 8in.LiJ.-Ul cqjw,

Qa;WLLIT6lJL

QUIT(!!jL

8i6"6>6'IT ~(!!j

4COlJ8;8iITLcf)u5I6lJ R'@U@fOll~d:>cqjW
8iITL@fOll~IT®W. cf)j,j;I!lw :L~IT!lfiimWIT8i

fft(!!jfOllir <:!J){j;l8i Q])(!!jU4W,

~8;8i(YJW

~mr,

Qumr

uLriua;6"6>6'IT 8iCOlJ9;~ ~@
QUIT@j;lSllw

~COlJW 8iITLcf)8;cqj 8iITLLUULL

UIT6lJ GfOll£!)/

70

71

urr LlSJ-ro Ut.1J- Qu~ 46l.J8;8ifT LJluS/~ (YJUliJ.ilUlfT®W.

8i61f'lW a611!DfT8i@.!W, ~~

8i61f'lW a611!DfT8i@.!W 61(j)l8;®W 4. Q~fTL;riF.il Q~fT®iJuS/ro Q)/iJ 61roUfbI .d9{iJQ)j(j<FL .d9{iJ8iLDfT8i ~uS/rfiUl~ ®crSlLllJlLu Q)/<§C§fT61ff 8ifT!l~UlfT8i f6!lw 4

,..(j)lu(j)l611~iJ®

reft(!!j61161f'I!l ~(j)l611~iJ® fblfT

W (!!j~fbl611 Q)/@jc§ fT61ff :iI~ ~ .d9{Ul.,v 6l5):iI f} U 461f'1LD 6l5)tl u!D

U L (j)l6ir W fbi· @fbI @~iJ® 611fT iJ8i6ir

.d9{61f'IwuQUfTro!DfT 8i@.!w, Q<FUliJUfTLfT 8i@.!w 8ifTLLUUL(j)l6irwfbI· "Q8i6YiJLLfT~L" <FLDWfT61ff ~ fblw reft(!!j

afI us

a 8i fTL. U fTL.lSJ- 61f'I 1ff6l5)L 6 @(!!j8;®W QUfT(!!jL8i61f'l6YT Q8i6YiJLLfT6VL 61i.J(jUfT~LD

w(!!j~~611

Q)/@jC§fT61ffUUlSJ-

LDfTf!)JUULL~fT®W @fbI LDfT~L ~~, Qu~

• .d9{~fT611fbI~61f'IwuS/~ Jl!DU4~

8i(!!j~iJ61f'I61ff (YJro61f'l6118;®W QUfT(!!jL8i6ir ~6l.JfbI

reft(!!j®Q)/Ul6l.JfT 8i 61f'I611~fbI46l.J8;8ifT LJl 46l.J8;8ifTLJluS/ro

Q<FUJ611~iJ® fblfT~(j)l611~fT®w. ~ro61f'lWUlfT8i ufT;r8;®WaUfTfbI aLDa6l.J 8ifTLLUULL ~(!!j611W 61ro61ff 61rof!)J • .d9{~roUlSJ- ~~, aUfTfbI.d9{61f'I~ UfT~

.d9{61f'Iwut.f)~ reft@ffiJ® (YJ61f'I!DUlfTi 61f'I6118;8iUUL(j)l6irw 8 QUfT(!!jL8i6ir Q~fT®iJQUlfTrof!)J Q~fTL;riF.ilUliJ!D (YJ61f'I!Du5'Jv;U LJ6l.l8;a;fTL.ilQUf!)J6l1~fT®w. ~(!!j611(YJw .d9{~ro t.f)rolDM~ f6!lW4 LD~L6l.J U ~ iJ ® Q<FUliJUfTLlSJ-ro

~6l1f)~~6l1f)UlfT61ff reft(!!j8ifTLJlUlfT8i

611fTiJ8i6ir 8rLlSJ-8; 8ifTLlSJ-IDM;r. ~~fT!l~LDfT8i ZL(!!j61146l.J8;8ifTLJl61f'lUlU 8ifT~U~~ reft(!!j~(!!j611~iJiJ® .d9{r§/iDfbI46l.J8;a;fTLJ) Qu~ £/LlSJ-Ul~fT 8i ZL6ir6YT ~~~

@~~
61~~8;

t.f)!l~fT61ff 8i([!jQ)/~

.d9{W<FLDfT8i ([!juUfbI @ LD6l1f)~ ~L6l5)6l1f)~ 61roU~®W.

.d9{lSJ-U61f'ILuS/~

fblfT~Luu(j)l611fT;r ®r§/Ut.f)LUUL..t.SJ-(!!j~W ~~8i61f'l6YT

.d9{@J611fTf!)J46l.J8; 8i fTL cf) 8i fT~

reft([!j611 (YJ tu iJ cf)8; $)1Dir !DfTfr fr

a<FfTlSJ-8iWfT8i.ilUJ!l~

a<FfTlSJ-UlfT8i 8ifT~u~!D®w QU~8i61f'l6YT ~lSJ-U61f'ILuS/~ 46l.J8;8ifTL.il 6161ff8; 8ifTLLUUL(j)lfiirW~.

reft(!!j Q~fT®:ilUlfT8i@!W, QUfTfbl611fT8i Q8i6YiJLLfT~L ~6l.JW ®r§/Ut.f)L(j)lfiirW af6!llSJ-UlfT8i <FWUtE~UUL .d9{ fT 611fbI ~ 46l.J8;8ifTLJlUU(j)lW .d9{~6l.J~ 8i([!j~Q~fTro ~6YTQ)/Ul6l5)ro Q)/<§~fT61ff (YJlSJ-UJw 61roU61f'I~ .d9{tE~ f6u;r 8rLlSJ-8; .d9{~®(YJ61f'I!D 8ifTLL6l.JfTW • .d9{W<FMm reft([!j611(!!j61f'lLUl ~6YTuU)!l iF.il61f'l1DM 8;®

f}(!!j Q~fT®iJUlfT8i@.!W

61161f'I!lUlUULlSJ-(!!jtE~fT~

Q<FUJ611~iJ® reft(!!j611;r (YJUliJ<fI Q<FUJ611fT;r

er fbi W reft(!!j Q U fT([!j 6ir .d9{~ 6l.Jfbi reft([!j f6U fr reft(!!j611([!j8; ®


Q)/~~61f'I~ ~~611W ~~UlfTfiir 611fTiJ8im W!laUlfT UiJr§/Ul reft(!!j LD61ff ~(!!j61f'l611
~IDM

r§/61f'I61ffer iJU(j)l~iJ8; .d9{~6l.JfbI awSllW

Q8ifT~(j)lm6YTfT;r.

fTGU

reft([!jQUfT([!jfiir J)r§/~ 8i (YJr§/@.!8i~LuL(j)lmw61f'ILD .d9{~61f'I61ff (YJ@61f'IWUlfT8iU ZL~fT!l~LDfT8i .il~iJ!lW .d9{ffiJ ® ~~, Qu~ 46l.J8; 8i fTL

uiJr§i8; 8i~UlfT

fbi reft([!j

46l.J8; 8ifT L Jl Q~fT®tlUlfT8i U~a611f!)JUULL Q8i6YiJLLfT~L ~ iJULL

g!l~

@~ 6l.JfT:iI([!ju U iJro
U®iJUlfT8i 8rLlSJ-8;

.d9{lSJ- U61f'ILuSlcoV U af6fTci®611~lDMfTcoV ~iJu(j)l611~fT8i

<fI 8ifT~

(YJUl!D <flu U ~fT ®w.

af6fTci8icoV

.d9{lSJ-U61f'ILuS/~ 61161f'I!lUlUuL(j)lmw

~6YT;;iJUlfT61ff t.f)!liFJl61f'l~8idr

reft([!j 611tf)61f'I<FuS/a6l.JfT, 611LL~iJ(j6l.JfT 8ifT~ u~iJ® f}(!!j611;r 8ifTL(j)lW ~L8ifiir

61161f'I!lUlUULlSJ-(!!jtE~fT~ ~;r611wfT®w. .d9{ffiJ® ZLm6YT

8ifTLlSJ-IDM;r. @~W1fTaL !ffiL. U

611L. LW , 611 L Q W fTro !DfT8i a611fT 611 L rfi61f'l<F U lSJ- s fT8i a 611fT U u @~6l.JfTW~ 611rfi61f'l<FUJ0UlfTrOir!DfT8i .d9{~6l.JfbI (YJlSJ-£irOir!DfbI.

U~a611f!)JULL

ZL6YTQ)/UlGULi)!l iFJl61f'l1DM 8i61f'l6YT@ySJ611fT8;£/8; $)ci 8ici 8in.lSJ-Ul ZLW611W ~fbl61f'I~ ~WQ)/Ul~ .d9{~® (YJ61f'I!D61f'IUl8;

46l.J8;8ifT Ltf)8; ~L8imllDMfT~

Q8ifT6IT 611~!D ® Q8ifTmw6l.JfTw.

f}GiiJ611fT;r ~WfT8i
~IDM

(YJ61f'I!DQUlfTro!DfT 8i Q8i6YiJLLfT~L

611LLQwfTrOir!DfT8i 46l.J8;a;fTL.il 8ifT~U~~ 61i.J(jUfT~W·8ifT~ 7J

Q)/(!!juu~iJ61f'I1DM ~mlW1~6YT

73

VIII. l§l)®uU\.uro ~l!f>rrLurr<B (Existential Approach)


Lw6l5lcg(§rr~ c:!)f~ aa;m:"'UfTI.":"'@8; @jl:PrrGlwrr6"6rIDrr a;GlJw, Sb~~611wrr a;GlJw, a Sb tr em

UJ!J8=cf)<;1f)~a;<;1f)W §J(!!j611(!!j8;®Gir

6l5lW8;$)

U@juurrlllGlJ u!Dt§!UJ

QlrIllSbr;;vrr®w.

c:!)fjla;wrra;

@IDU<;1f)U

a;(!!j~~8;a;Gir

6Tl:P @Lc!:p~@.

c:!)fSbPa;rra; "611rrfP8;<;1f)a;<;1f)UJQSbrr Lrr611Sb!D@j w!JGm W Sb<;1f)LUJrr a;r;;vrr ib:" 6T 6"6rD LGm rrGlJ c:!)f1S/-8;a;1S/- l:P @Lc!:p~@. I 6T cf)r;;vrr QlrUJr;;v PID611rra;w tt a; 611tt
ui

@8;a;rr!JGm !!iJa;GYf)~ rrar;;v @(!!juUJUJGlJ 6T6"6rU~ c:!)fiT~Sbw aurrwlD

@j C!:p <;1f) §'! em ID tt a; GlJW ID wrr~fL

:rfl UJ

@@

u tf) UJGi>

611tr ~

c:!)f~®C!:P<;1f)ID<;1f)UJ Sb~UJrra; a611[J)Ju@~Sb c!:pIS/-UJrr~. ~wua;rrr;;v~jlGlJ @~Sb c:!)f~®C!:P<;1f)ID 6l5l~(§rr~ Lw6l5lUJGlJ ~(§rr~ wP[J)Jw @@uUJUJGlJ611rrSb LW6l5lUJGlJ @Sb~rrGlJ c:!)f~®c!:p<;1f)IDUJrr a;u UJuGUJrr $)J;a;UUL.L~..

tJ a; G1T c:!)f@

tt [J)J611Sb!D®@Lu5)(!!jUUSbrra;

~ Sb ui rr a; Iiilf) U rf) ~ ~ G1T ~ iT. u: <D1rf) SbiT a; G1T U rjj er "611rrfP8;<;1f)a; u5)a; c!:p8;$)UJwrr~~" ~G1T @~ 6Temu~

:rfl

urrrr8;®Waurr~

[Drn® [DcoVr;;v

QSbGYf)611rrafJemID~.Sb<D1rf)UJrrGir [D!Du~'_', {ljcoVr;;vQSbrr(!!j 611rrfP8;<;1f)a;<;1f)UJ a;.L..@$)rnID~. 611rr~a;~ 611rr~a;u51rn ro;r~wrr(!!j ~L ~a;m @Sbpa;rr$ ro;rpu@w Sbrn<;1f)W aw:gww

e!P6"6rIDrr611~ lr8;jlUJrra; ro;r!D[J)J8;Qa;rr~L~rr. wrrtDofL 6l5lrf)QJrr~ Sb~wrr6"6r[J)J .• @~Sb Sb~~611tiJ

@~Sb ~®C!:P<;1f)ID<;1f)UJ @£i;Sb aa;rrL.UrrL..@8; @(!!juUJUJGlJ @@uuIJSb @8; 611rr b S

c:!)fjla;wrr~611rra;Gir ®l:Prr u5)p®Gir UJ!JSbrr~ a;(!!jibJ!<;1f)~8; Qa;rr~L

c:!)ff:P!6l/[DL(6::5rrGlJ c:!)fSbff)lrriJL w;;ofISb 6l5l(!!jibJ!UJ<;1f)L611Sbrra; ~urrGlJ a;rr!J~a;<;1f)w 6l5lL ~~ 6T~ aw:gww QuwJja>

u5)a;u urr rflUJ~W

wP[J)Jw

@SbP®U

Irrr~SbaU ®c6JuUJL..Lrrrr. a;rr!J~a;~8;®6'iTG6YT


etr

a;rr!JGmwrr®w

aa;rrL.urrL.IS/-<;1f)~ iLuaUJrra;UUL..L~. (1712 • 1778)

611rrf:Pa;<;1f)a;UJ!Jur;;vwrr~~

a;L.J..q_QUJ@UuGlJW, 6l5l(!!jibJ! QmL1UJGlJW c:!)f~wrra; UJurrrnGYiJ urr~rrL..6ljtrr, 6T@~Sbrrw a; L IS/-Q UJ@ {ljrrL.<;1f)LQ alrrr£i;Sb u!J~

~Sba!J ®c6JuUJL..Lrrfr. "uSba;GYf)u'_''' tsusunta: 6T~U~ SbW8;@j~

~w
Sbrra~rr,

Q3?8;®a6YIJrr

@(!!juUlUJGiJ6lJrrSb ~®C!:P<;1f)IDuS1~ulS/Sbrrw c:!)f!D[J)Ju aurra611rrw 6TrnlD @SbPa;rra; ~~t..Ba;

Ula;rra6YIJrr,

§JGYiJa;rr <;1f)611GlJL..aurrwlD

6l5l6YT8;a;UUL..@Gir6YT~. M!JL..LUUL.@ ~IDrrL r@ovGlJ<;1f)a;


uf) Gi>

rr a;Gir, [DrrLa;6l5lUJr;;vrrw

ir a;Gir , ~6l5lUJrr a;Gir §Jrn [J)J air rr~~


611WrrQcf)8;® @(!!juUlUJGlJ c:!)fjla;6YT6l5lcoV LSb6l5l~ 611rrjla;Gir 8in.c6J~fr.

uLf) UJ

us tt <D1rf) L 611rr Sb Sb~ ~ 611ffiJ a; G1T tf)!D a; tt r;;v~

tJ Gi>

c:!)flS/-uu<;1f)LuS1GlJ §J@611rr aurrlr<;1f)Gm ®c6JUUlLUU@£i~ID~. w~Sb ~ ~ L6YTruwGlJ Ulu8=&~

6lJ61T!J8= lrli..J6lJ~ u51a;GlJw ~UJwrr$ Q 611rrf:Pa;<;1f)a;uS1ff)lGir ro;rPU@w ~ c:!)fu au Sb <D1rf) <D1rf) Sbem

@(!!juUlUJcoV611rrSb ~~@jC!:P<;1f)ID 6Trn[J)J QUL..rfl8; 19·:W~w {ilL..a6YIJ aurrrnlD

c:!)fSbrr611~SbtDof'JwtDof'JSb {iI<;1f)r;;vuUrrL..<;1f)L8; $fP @ID8;£i6l5lL8in.IS/-UJSbrr@jw.


tr ~
ui

uJ a; c:!)fIS/-u U <;1f) L
SbtDof'Ju L. L611rr U aurr ~

us ~

!9JrrpIDrr~@a;GYf)GlJ

611wrrQcf)UJ<;1f)L~Sb ~a!Jrruurr QSbrr~

@(!!juUlUJcoV611rrSb 6T!!iJ®W u!J611~ aSbrrGlJ~ 8;

c!:p~p®L..u@~

Qurr~rra;

IEJa;f:PouSbrra;~<;1f)ID

611rrjla;Gir U Sba;GYf)u '-I

c:!)f~®C!:P<;1f)ID ®[J)J£iUJ a;rrr;;v~jlff)l<Diraw QSbrrLru£iUJ~. aurrGi> @SbP® 6l5lalrLWrra;U QUL..rflJ; e tt ~ a!J, 6TGi> QUUJrrQa;c!:p, {ilL. air,

c:!)fUlu UJ!Jrr UJu u@$)rn

ID~ rr . @Sbff)lGir

uffi/a;GYf)u'_' QI:Fli.JSb611rra;~<Dir~

er pU@611Sbrr a; GlJW, c:!)f~ c:!)fjla;rflJ;@jw

UGlJa611[J)J UJ!J 8=cf)<;1f)~ @~ {iI<;1f)r;;v<;1f)W8;® @<D1rf)UJwrra;GlJw, c:!)flrrrSbrr!JGm

aD,

L(!!j611rr611Sbrra;6l/W aw:gww LLULL LL.ULr;;vrrw. §J(!!j611@8;@j @Sb~

®c6JUUJLUUL..@GirW~. 611rr!:p8;<;1f)a;
ists:

Qlrrra!Jrn£iUJ£ia;rrL..,

wrrL..lS/-rn"llllS/-a;rr

aurrwlD

Q611[J)Jw

@(!!juUlUJroU 611rrSb Sb~~611 (§rr~a;Gir @(!!juUJUJGlJ @(!!j{6 Sb~

c!:p8;$)UJ @L~Sb

611£i8;£i~ID~rr. 6T~Gm 8;a;@611rra;

Q611[J)J<;1f)wUJrra;6l/w QSbrflIL/W. @Sbrn Quf!)IJulDrra;

§'!(!!j611rr UJIDfPGlJ [DL~<;1f)Sb8;@j

§J(!!j ~<Dir 6Tuaurr~w

611rr b c:!)f~®c!:p<;1f) IDuS1rn UJ!J Sbrr~ S


us <D1rf) Sb 611tt !:p 8; <;1f) IL/ W a;

{ljL~<;1f)Sb iLGir6YT611!Jrra; 6lJ61Trr8=cf)UJ<;1f)LUJ C!:PIS/-IL/w.

c:!)fSbff)l L em

Q Sb tt L iT u tt ~ 75

74

~ CF ~ rr fJ v;m .fL6YT UJroJ) r;;i) 6lf)(] CF LDrr a; rr 6lf) L (]a;rrLUrrLLrr6YTir "6lf)8;Lir @~!D£J~LuS1IDU (] urrliilir fJJ6lJira;@w ~wuflr;;i) QCFrU~ a;sfr (!jJ8;£JUJit>~6lJW UlfJ~rr~ UlQfJ61lTa;r;;i)" @L~:il~~

@ (!!jU Lf) UJr;;i) 6lJ rr ~ 6lJafi8;afi61lTfJJrriT. (]6lJrua;ir UrrCF~fJJ uf) a;

01. 02.

.fLsfr6YTrrir~~

ITiluS1r;;vrr~

~r;;v~

lL6151ir~l.DUJrr~ (]urrr;;6)UJrr~ ~@~l.D. ~@~l.D

~@~l.D.

QU[f)J£JliilirfJJrrir. @6lJira;@8;®sfr SllGlSJI..J1-8;, w6'IiJ u [brreft ~fJJU 6lf) u fJlliJ a; IOIT ~!D~fJJ

Q6lJGYfi6lJrrrf)uJ)r;;vrr~ ~r;;v~

~ir.l..J1-. Qr;;vru, (]fJrr(]r;;vrr,

.fLGir6YTrrir~~ UJ~rrir~~LDrr~ UlGir ~ 6YT;sfr a ~ir<'FJsfr

ITiluJ)r;;vrr~

~1DUr;;v~ lL6151ir~LDUJrr~ cf)tEiluu~!D®w, ~!Du(j)iw

~ila;LDrr

a; #)[f)J rrlDU

U!fJur;;vLDrr a; 8; a;(!!j~u u(j)i£J1iiIir fJJ~ ir. GlSJ(]CFLLDrr a; ~Lr;;vrflliilir ~fJrrrU8=cf)uf)w UI..J1- cf)~fJJci; ~a;tJa;GYf)w

cf1[f)J U!sfr~6YTa;GYf)Lw a;rrv;m8; 8in.I..J1-UJ~rra;Lsfr6YT~. @~!D®8; l (!jJ~fJJuf)r;;i) ~~LlLJw(]urr~ (!jJUJ r;D ror(j)iu U rr ir a;Gir ror61lT ~~ 51 U rr eott ®w.

a;rrfJv;mw ~~

"GlSJ8;Lir t..Sr;)fJGlfra;roiJ" rorliilirfJJLD(!!j~ir 6lJ rr fP ci; ~ a; uf) WJ IOIT (!jJ8;£JUJLDrr~ ~rr®w. ~it>wa;~ a;6W(j)i

QCFUJr;DUL6lJW UIDU(]6lJ[f)JUULL

Q u iJ [f)J ci; Q a; rr 6W L 4fJJwurra; @~WJIOIT ror(j)i~~

6lJUJ~~

CFe!fJa;

@~IiiIirUI..J1- ~(!!j ~GYf)1iiIir .fLsfr6YTW, .fLLIDU l.D!D[f)JW U!fJUr§CF ~~® e!fJr;;vw uSIa; eftfJJUUrr~ ur;;v~~ tseo ~thCFri.Ja;~6YTdi (]CFir~~Gir6YTrrir. (]urrliilirfJJ6lJ!D~fJJ U!D!DI ~GYf)1iiIir

LDr;D[f)JW lL6YTQ))UJr;;i) (]~~6lJ<'FJGYf)61lT ~I..J1-UU~Luf)r;;i) Q6lJGYf)6lJrrrf)UJrr~ U rr CF rrlliJ ® ®!D1uU!L(j)iGir6YTrrir. @(!!j ~1DUr;;v~ (]urr6l5)UJrr~ .fLiJ CFrra;w ~@~LDuf)IDU ror(j)iu u~rr a; QCFrU 6lJ~iJ ®

~6lJrt<'FJ1OIT [bI..J1-UU~!D®, "Qr;;vffi./ ci; "

~1iiIir~LD @~6lJa;~6YT .fLr;;v®8;® FFtE~rriT. ~@~LD

(]~rr!DfJJLDrra; a;~uU!(j)i6lJ~Glfr (!jJ~fJJdia;rra; ~l:Pl.Drra; a;rrLI..J1-~rrir. 6lJrrlP8;~a; !liL~~~a;@8;® a;rrL..1..J1-~rrir.

UlQfJ61lTa;r;;i) @tE~

u51a;6lJw (!jJ8;£JUJ ~wCFrua;sfr ~uJ6lJ ~ QCFuJ~ @6lJir Qa;rrGir@w LD~~ ~(!!j ~sfr ~cf1UJ~~~ ~(!!j

6lS)(]CFLLDrra; ~~UJrrsfr Q~GYf)6lJrra; ~!D1~~

LD!D[f)JW [bL~~~

u Lf) UJr;;i)6lJ rr ~
ufla;

~ @ll® (!jJ ~ fJJ u iJ

ufl

a; (!!j{b ~ ci; a; ~ 6YT ILJw , ~6lJiT @t5~ BTLI..J1-8;

~rrliilir tuttir rorliiliru~ urrir~6lJUJrra; ~(!!j

ror~v;mM(!!jM~6YTILJW <'FJ(!!j~~ (!jJ8;afiUJ ~~®(!jJ~fJJuf)61lT

(!jJIiiIir ~6lJiMf, ~
@L~:il~~ ~I..J1-UU~L

(]urrroiJ CFrriMf,(]fJ rorGlfrU6lJrfiliilir QU[f)Jafi61lTfJJ~· ur;;v6lJr;D~fJJ

[bliilir® Q6lJGYf)uu(j)i~ildi BTLI..J1-8;a;rrL(j)iw ueo ~CFrr~rrfJv;m (]LDSllw BTLI..J1-8;

.fL6151ir~LDUJrr~

~wCFIliJa;Gir

~1DUr;;v~ ~~ ~(!!j6lJiT

{i1~r;;vuurrL~L ~6lJiT

a;rrL..1..J1-lLJsfr6YTrrlr. ~6lJa;6YTrr6lJ~. I. II. ~~UUL:_L @(!!juu~rr®w. ~~UJrrsfr, !liLULj ~~UJrrsfr 6lJrrlP8;~a;8;® lLGir6YT Qurr[f)Ju4 .fLr;;v<'FJur ilrf) ~1iiIir!D1!D®sfr ~(!!j ~sfr u

"U!(]fJffiJa;IDU" ~~

~UUI..J1- ~a;rrLDIDU @(!!juu~~rrlDU .fLGir6YTrr6lJ~~

~lr.l..J1-. Qr;;vffil$ rorGlfrU6lJlr QCFtiJ~ ~fJfTli.J~efta;sfr !liQ)~ LD~~~1iiIir 6lJ6l5)ILJ[f)J~iI~ 6lJ6YTrtuu~r;D® !Lsfr6YT U!fJ~rr~

ur;;v6lJ!D!D11ii1ir Qu£!)lGUfJrr<'FJ

II I.
IV.

BTUJLjr;;v8; a;rr Left {i1<'FJIP <'FJrrr;;vw. cf1fJJuurr~ LDiJ[f)JW ~~ GlSJLUJffiJ<'FJsfr ~Lru£JUJ ~~UULL ~(!!j lLr;;v<'FJW

lLGir6YTW @fJ6151ir(j)i u®iI<'FJGYf)IDU ~LffiJ®6lJ~rr<'FJ Qr;;vrudi @(!!juU!UJIDU6lJrr ~ .fL6YT GlSJr§(§rr~ ~I..J1-UU~Luf)IDU ~~UJrrGir 8in.[f)J6lJ~ (]urrliilir[f)J ~iI~~

nit, lL6YTGlSJUJIDUD(!!j~~6lJfJrr <'FJ cf1~~LDrr a; ~tiJ6lJa;sfr L U!fJ rorlDUr;;vrr~L<'FJ@di®t..b


SL 6151ir (j)i.

ur;;v6lJ!D~fJJ [bL~ilUJ QCFuJ~Gir6YTrrir. @6lJir

UIDU(]6lJ[f)JUULL

uffi]<'FJGYf)ULj8= !LGir6YT~ilWJGir

~t5 ~

lLr;;vafiWJGir lLr;;v<'FJW

~ (!!j ~ Gir 6lJ rr (!pw

(!jJ ~ fJJILJW ~t5 ~ 6lJrrfP8;~<'FJ8;®

~@~LUJ (]urr<'FJ6lJw

U®iI<'FJsfr c£Gf:j) ®!D18;<'FJUU(j)i£JliilirfJJ~.

@~LuS1lDUuroiJ(]6lJ[f)J U!fJ8:cf)~~a;sfr @L(!jJ6151ir(j)i. LjilUJ~6lJrr<'FJ6lJw ~~LDUJr;;vrrw. T7

6J"!DUL6lJW CFLD{i1~r;;v @1DUr;;vrrLD!D ro;rr;Du(j)iw U!fJ8=#)~~<'FJGir ~(!!j6lJ(!!j8;®

(]urrliilir(]fJJ

~~8=

#)fJJuurr~

76

Ut[f 8:cf)~61fT 8)@!jW 6T1J! @L(!fJ6l5ir!$l.


~@!jc6@j 6)"dJu!$lw

~(!!j ~6l'f)6U

@(!!j(5f5J @61irQ61fTIT(!!j
~(!!j611(!!jc6@j ~(!!j611ir @(!!jUU{ljIT8)

1.

~uSlrfiUJ6U
@~L{b

6l1Jr.§C§ IT61fTLGlJa;W
Q{ljITLiry LGlJ8)W ~GlJ8)W

Ut[f 8:cf)~61fT c6@j @~Llill6U 8)(!!j{bf5JM6fr f5J.

II. III.
1.

U[f6YUU[f LDIT£[)JUULL 6l1J6'fT UUL!$I6fr6'fT M

LDdJ£[)JW Ut[f8:cf)~61fT8)6fr

BTUJ ~@!j~LD LuSlrfiUJ6U


@~L{b

LGlJ8)W

6T6UGlJIT ~L8)@!jc6@jW 8)L~LD8)6fr

~ira;6fr

UdJ!DJUJ 6111TY;8)~8)U
~(5{lj

QUIT£[)JUYc68)6fr,

3. 2.

BTUJ ~@!j~LD~GlJ8)LD
Q{ljITLiry LGlJ8)W (88)ITL...UITL...LIT6'fTTr8)6fr 8in.£[)J6l1f5JC8ulT61ir£[)J ~(!!j

UGlJ @(!!jc6.$)61irCD61fT.

QUIT £[)Ju yc68)~6'fT

IFrfiUJIT61fT a;

(!fJ~CDu516U QlFriJ6lJf5JW, QlFIi.JUJITf5J 6l1J1$I6lJ{lj61ir ~GlJ(!fJW

U~611£[)JUUU_
@(5{lj ~~@j(!fJ~CDu5161ir

Ut[f 8:cf)~61fT 8)6fr 6)"dJu L @L(!fJ6l5ir!$l.


@(!!j ~ {lj1T Q, ~~ {lj ~cf) rfiUJ ir

L{lj1T [f~LDIT

8) ~(!!j ~cf)rfiUJ[f1T

@j!lfJu Ut L. L LUJir

@GlJc6 £iUJ @L!$Ic6

~ liHjlJ)~ 61fT
Q8)IT6fr6'fT6U

~ Gfr C8LDC8GlJ UfGfr 6'fT ~w


QlFUJdJUL6U ~(5{lj @(!!j~

IFffiJ8)Gfr IFWU (5 {ljLDIT 8) ~(!!ju5l{b {lj C8[5IT8;@jL61ir cilr.§C§IT61fT LGlJ8){bil~61fT lFrfiUJIT a; udJ!DJUJ cil6'fT8;8)(!fJW
~(!!j ~@!j~LUJ ~61fT

C8LDdJQ8)IT6l5ir!$l ~(5{lj ~!DJ~611 C86116l5ir!$lr.b.

LDL.L{bildJ@j

C86116l5ir!$lw. ~uSlrfiUJQ,

~Gfr

cil6'fTffiJ.$)8; Q8)m;IT611f5JL61ir {ljLDf5J ~L6U C86116l5ir!$lw. ~L{b BTUJ ~@!j~LD ~wlFffiJ8)@!jGfr


Q{ljITLTry

~GlJ8)itiiJ~Gfr L6'fTuUt[f udJ!DJ8:

"BTUJ YGlJ/J; 8)1TL...#r' 6T61irUf5J {lj{b{ljl.Df5J 6111T~~a;~UJ Q8)IT6YT611f5J ~@jw. ~@!jL~W, 6111TY;c6~8)~UJU @61irC8CD6U @(5{lj
ILGlJ~8)U

lFrfiUJIT8) cil6'fTffiJ.$)/J; [5WLf)8;~8)UJIT8) ucD!lfJUfw C86116l5ir!$lw.


@(!!j~6U

ILGfr6'fTW (!fJ~UUL...LIT6U
@L(!fJ6l5ir!$l. 8)1TL.LUUL.L

ur;;i:l]611£[)JUUL...L LGlJ8)W

8)Gfr 6)"dJuL C8wdJ ~!DJ(5f5Jc6

~f5J UdJ!DJUfw

LDIT~I1[fLDQ,GlJ ~6YT6'fT ~!DJ~f5Jc6

~ffiJ@j

6T61irUf5J 6T6UGlJIT ~L...8)@!jw lFrfiUJIT8)

{ljW(!fJL~W

Q{ljITLTry

LDcD£[)Jw ~UUI.fI-

{ljW~LDU C86116l5ir!$lw.

Q8)IT6fr6'fT

Q8)IT6l5ir!$lGfr6'fT611[f1T 8) @(!!j~6U LD.m1~ 6111Ty;a;~ ~C8[f ~[f(5{!)[fLDIT61fT ~~6iJGlJ. ~~~ITf5J

~6YT

{ljW~LDU

UdJ!DJUfw,

{ljLDf5J @1J!6l5J6U L6YT6'fT C86116l5ir!$lw. @(!!jc6.$)61irCD ~{ljIT611f5J @riJ @j ur;;U(8QJ£[)J IF(5{!)frUUffiJa;6YfIr;;U LD.m1~ ~uC8ulTf5J ~~w. ucD!lfJ
{lj 6"ir LD~{lj~~LUJ UGlJ LDlTdJCDffiJ8)@!j8;@j

udJ!DJUfw ~(!!j lFrfiUJIT61fT 6l1J6'fTM{bf5JL61ir tE18)!:p8)ITGlJW 6T61irUf5J ~(!!j ~@!jc6@j

~L...u!$I.$)61irCDIT61ir. 6T61irUf5J ~$@j LD[f~{b~{ljU

[5LUY

@uC8ulTf5J

~{ljdJa;IT8)

~6ir6'fT
C8LD !i!2I Ii;

6l1I6'fTc68)LDIT@jW. @f5J QU6'fT {b{lj LD{lj{bil61ir IF rf) UJIT61fT C§ ITU 8) ti: 6T 6"ir £[)J

uLg.. "lFWLDIT lFiI"

lF611lTQ,

LD[f~LDIT@jW.
~611 ~ ~{ljGir ~GlJW

6TuC8ulTf5JC8LD

61lJ6'fT8; 8) U

U L. !$I 6YT6'fTf5J • Q {lj61f) 611IT61fT

rfi ~
~611ci

61fT U {ljIT6i; U

~ L UJ {lj cD 8) ITd) 8) ~

~ LD

ell~

{lj~ 61fT L Uf

6"ir

Q IF UJcD U L Q,

C8611~

!$I Q LD 6"ir U f5J

611!i!2luu!$I£iGirCDf5J. cl'I6'fTffiJ.$)8;
~(5{lj

u6iJC8611£[)JUt[f8=cf)~61fT8)6ir, @{lj~Gfr 6)"dJu!$Iw


@(!!jUU{ljdJ@j

cf'IMr;;Ua;<Dlf)6'fT
u{lj8)6l'f)uy

6lJG'6JUf£[)J~uu!$I£i61irCDf5J· ..t§61ir C8U IT6U IF IT{bC8o" 6T61irU611rfi61ir 8in.dJ£[)Ju U Lg..~(!!j ~ Gfr 6111T;.$)61ir CD Y ~61ir£[)J ~GlJ8)ffiJ8)Gfr udJ!DJUJ ~WlFffiJ8)Gfr
(!fJ61ir~611c68)UUL.!$IGfr6'fT61fT.

Q8)ITGfr£i61irCDIT61ir. ~Gfr QlFUJdJULITf5J

8)1T[f~LDIT8)

@Lu5l(!!juu{ljlTa;

''IF 1T~C8[f" 8in.£[)J£i61irCDlTir. C8LDC8GlJ 8in.CDU UL.L


LUC8 UJIT£i~

~6lJ8)6'fTIT~.

~wlFffiJ8)~6'fT

8)QJ61fT{bilGiJ

6T!$I{bf5J @(!!juUtUJQ,
~LU

6111Til8)Gfr ~6'fT6116'fT{bf5J~~

udJ!DJUJ cl'IC8lFLLDIT61fT

(!fJ~CD<Dlf)UJ
(!fJ~ CD

{ljf5J L 61ir C8611£[)J L 6'fT61lJUJQ, 79

61lJ§

C§ IT61fT ~ L. U

73

U SV6l.Jif> 61flIJ) @6l.JrT a; 6lT U UJ61ir U @ ~ ~ af/61ir IJ)ITrTa; 6lT.

~ {lj th !ffi L

(!JJ61flIJ)a;VilTITGW6T. 1. srUJITf£~ (]<FrT~ fiT61fr~ fiT61fr!J)l~r§/~~a;IT6'frVilTr;;V.) ~th61fr

8in.L@iF

II. II I. IV.
V.

6l.J61fl[J6lS'tsv8;a;lDWw(6l.JIT~61fla;

a;iJ!J)l8;Qa;IT6'fr@9thr;;V,6lS'tVilTffiuf/8;Qa;IT6'fr@9thr;;V,fi/LLu5IL@
~lJ1-uu61flLuSlr;;V

03
L61T&U61T mmt6tD6DM
(INTRODUCTION

thW61flLD LDlTiJr§/8; Qa;IT6'fr@9thr;;V. tL6'frViIT ~6l.J61flSV f!j)sv(!JJw


8in.L@thr;;V.

gir ~D51(!p8i1b
COUNSELLING) (Philosopy) @~6l.J
@@u
u~

thfr 8;£/UUthiJ(:!!j tLlDWfr ib~6l.Jthm LDITIJ)!J)lthSV•

TO PSYCHOLOGCAL
6lS't<§(§IT~W QthlTLrT

~1T~@6l.Jthm

f!j)sv(!JJw

~@6l.J61fl[J

tLVilT6lS'tUJr;;V (Psychology) thib~6l.J @[J~

lJ1-~w
~

{ljroO svQthlT@

o;rif>!J)l8; (!JJ1J1- ~. UJIT


!fj)@

(]LD(] SV (:!!jc61 u uUJm u@ibfi/ th~~

oIL UU L L
~@6l.JW161flLUJ

ILVilT6l.JViIT~61fl1DW ~ Q{lj@8;$@

!ffiLU (!JJ61flIJ)a;61flViIT U
(]ulTm lJ)6l.JiJ61fl1J) @@uUlUJr;;V

Qa;1T6'frVilTUUL@6'frViIT ~. a;iJ(:!!jw(]ulT
~~lTroO

~thlT6l.J~

tLVilT6lS'tUJr;;V6lS't<§(§IT ~ ib fi/61fl6'(U8;
~~8;$)6tllL

U tha;6ff)u4

thib~6l.J

6lS't<§(§ IT~ ib fi/61fl~

<FIT thlT[J1DW~@

LD~th~1T

a; c!JI6l.J61flW ~~6l.JthiJ®

ILVilT6lS'tUJr;;V ~@ 6lS't<§(§IT~ IL ViIT 6'tT ~ 6l.J

6l5)<§ (§IT ~

UIT LLDIT a;(]6l.J Qa;IT6'fr ViIT u@ $1m UJ~. U

6l.J1T fi/a;6'fr (!JJUJiJcf/ fiT@ib~WViIT ITit a;6'fr.

tLVilT6l.JViIT~~61fl1DW ibfi/~@~~
61flIDW ~

(Psychological

Counselling)
~t..iJ<FLDITa; ~(:!!jw.
6l.JIT rT @@UU~

(]thlTmr§/UJ ~thif>(:!!j

~@ a;61flsvUJITa; ~fi/a;LDIT~6l.Jfr

a;6'fr

a;1T~af/61irUJ~rT.
~

Ut[JthlT~LDIT~ ~

tla; LDITa;

L a;@9L61ir ~

IL ViIT oJ) c§ (§ IT~


~@

{ljL6l.JIJ1-8;61fla;61flUJ Q<FuJUJw UITLLDIT a; @@UUth~lTr;;V @61ir

~6'fr

Q ~ IT @

@9 8; (:!!j
~@

(] 6l.J!J)lU L L 6l.JrT ~6ff)m ~W1U6l.JW th~ib

th ~ IT roO

tL6'tT6l.J6'tTib~~lDWuSlr;;V Q<FuJUJw (]UIT~ (]ulTrn!J)l

thm61flLD
~@ ~@9Lrn

(Scond to None)
~~6l.JrDiJa;6'fr
~@9d;(:!!j ~th

fiTrnlJ) 6l.J<F~W ILU(]UJIT £/8;a;UU@£/rnlJ)~. o;riJu@w uUJrnu@j,th (!JJIJ1-UJIT~.


U if>

@mQ~IT@

a: ViIT 6'tT ~ 6l.J

61flIDW

ufl

su rT

su

a; @ ~ ~ 8; a; ~

6'tT UJ W

6l.J~ [JuJI su 8; a; IDW ffiJ a; ~ ViIT tb (!JJ 61ir61fl6l.J~ ~ UJ

6lT ViIT rT. QUIT ~ ~

6l.JITa;

UlTfrd;(:!!jW(]UIT~
~@

ILVilT6l.J6'tTj,~61fl1DW fiTmu~ c!JI6l.J~L(]LD LD61flIJ)~@~W

UI[JiFcf/61fl~d;(:!!j

ILLULL

~@98;(:!!j

6l.JVilTLDIT~ fi/lJ)rna;6'fr,

usvw
th

af/ UJ6l.J 61fl!D Q6l.JGYf)8; Qa;1T IDW rT6l.Jth 61ir f!j) su tb ~6l.J@ 8; (:!!j ~~ if>

UI[JiFcf/61flw61flUJ f£fr ~d;

Qa;lTw6l.Jth!D®

6l.Jy5JUJ61flLDffi§Jt~ ~'fj>@ ~

81
80

Qurr!DI c!:p~fJJUJrrdi ~~LUJrr6mn


~Ldi~8;@jW
6)"

dirr6m"r;;vrrW. @tl>~ di@ihfMUULSJ-6Troovrr

OwOr;;v

:Lm6YT GlJ~[JroJ)r;;v8;di6m"~ ilrjJ@j


6T6liru~

Owr;;vrr

di

IL6YTGlJ6YT ~~~6m"

@@uu~rr U/[J ~ .!1~m

~rrGlJ~ I§)@ W~fJJtl>~ it{D~Wdi~W, $146m" ~~GlJc!:pw diliilJW ~~GlJdi~6YT QGlJGYf)8; Qa;IT6m"irGlJ~rn- f:!:Pr;;vw ~tl>~
di~ 8;@j i£ir IiilJ QUrjJ[!)J8; QdirrmGlJ~rjJ@j

6TmfJJrrroU 6T6lirm?

urjJcDI uroUOGlJg;u 6lJ~[JroJ)r;;v8;di6m" r!iJ dim ~6lJdi6YTrrGlJm.

c!:prn-~GlJ8ia;uuL@6ir6YTm.

C!:PLSJ-U.fW [!)J 6Trn-

GlJroO!U.f[!)J~UUL@6ir6YT~. ~Qwrf)
8; dirr s: 6YTGlJ6YT :$~~6m"
9'r!iJ di:$"

6lir GlJ~ [JroJIr;;v8; i6m" U u LSJd

~6YTGlJ6YT~~~6m"uf)~ c!:prn-~GlJ8ia;uu@JiJrn-fJJm.

J)[J~rrmwrrm ~~GlJdi6YTrrGlJm

f:!:P~ [!)J

@GOd;@jdi6lT

• •

1§)@6lJ@~LUJ

ilfJJ~w

a=8;iI~UJ roJ)@~iI

Qa=,u~ QdirrmGlJ~rjJ@j

Qdirr@8;@jW I§)@ :L~roJ)UJrr@jt.b.


I§)@GlJ@8; @j ~GlJ[J ~ Qdirrm6lJ~dJ@j U/ [Jq .!1~m ~ UJ
~6lJ

[Jrr diOGlJ

i£ir :$ ~8;

Qa=,uJiJrn-fJJI§)@ :L1h6l1lUJrr@jw. ~~
Jl8ia;roU l§)rn-cDlroU~diUUL@6ir6YT :il@u


03.

OI[J5J1~m
~coiJ GO ~

1§)(!!j6l1@.$@j

@j@roJIrjJ @j ~coiJ GO~

W8; di ~ 8;@j u 6W 4 rf $CrTwrrmffil

"uS)

coiJ

~tl>~ O!6rr 8;JiJ~m c!:p~fJJdim 6Trn-m?

~~LGlJ~i;@j

6T@8;diUU@W

6l1Iit

OWGOrrm~w Ow~ urr@6lT6YT

:ilUJrrm~wrrm

di~6YT

~6lJir di6YTrr iOGlJ 6T@8;di d


@r;;v8;@jdi~6YT

I§):$~rr ~a= 4rflU.fW I§)@ 6lJ~diUJrr ~

G'ia=UJrjJ UrrLrr@jt..D. @~UJ~iI~~U.ft.b

OO~

:LLQ)/rjJ

@jW,

OWrjJ@jc61UU/LUULL

O~LSJ- ~cDltl>~
a=ffildi~rn-

~~rjJ@j

uitroU

~m6YT:$"rjJ@jw,

Oa=ir~~8;

G'idirrm6YTd; 8in.LSJ-Ul

O~@GlJ~@lrrLrr
6Trn-u~~m diL.~Ldi~8;@j

di

!6roUr;;vQ~rr@ ~6YTGlJ6YT ~~~6m"


6T ~ U ~

Qa=,uGlJ~rjJ@jC!:PLSJ-U.fw GlJ~[J6l1IG08ia;6m"UULSJ~~GlJdiGYf)roU @@!5~

Qa=UJroU!6L6lJLSJ-8;~diUJIT@jW.

GlJroO!U.f[!)JifiilU.f6ir6YT~. @~

~ 6YT GlJ6YT ~ ~ 6m" ~

GlJ6YT 5 cf) d; @j C!:p [J6m" rr di C!:p L.. @d; rT @~ ~LSJ-uu~LlDlroU

c!:pdiW G'idirr@8;@jWOUrr~
~~IiilJ~roU ~@jw.

JL 6YTGlJ6YT :$~~6m"

6T 6lir u~

~c61IiilJ~u

u dirT6lJO 1hrr ~coiJGO!fjI

6T~a=rfl8;~di

Qa=,uru(]~rr

~roUGO

Q;udJcDlUJ~LGlJ~rjJ@j

urrir.$@jw Qa=VU.fW I§)(!!j6l1U~ OI[J~JI~muSlrn~GYf)uua~rr, ~~ Jl8ia;roO!rn-Ourr~ ~coiJr;;v~ ~ l§)(!!j6l1rf1rorrGiJ O!6[JLSJ-UJrrdi i£irliilJ Qdirr@uu01hrr ur;;vGlJtl>1hUu@~~ru<]~rr
6T6lirUGlJrT

Ourr~

~6YTGlJ6YT:$~~6m"

~~roJI G'ia=VU.fW, ~~r;;vu1@

!6LGlJLSJ-8;~di l§)rn-fJJrrdi 6l1I6YTffilJiJ8; Qdirrm6YT C!:PLSJ-U.fw.

i£irwrrmr!iJdi~6ff

t..fIrf)~~rr~UJ
!6L6lJLSJ-8;~di

!6rrL..~Lq 6T6lirU~

Oa=rT!5~ "6T~ "a=8;"~UJ


6Tm

O~rr6lir6'fiJ"

~6YT6lJ6YT:$~~6m"

QUrjJg;u8; Qdirr@8;@jW
Br@d;diWrrm

G'ia=UJroU ~cDlliilJ ~roUr;;v~


@~ diroUroJ) QUrjJ[!)J8; Qdirr@uu~

l§)6lirfJJrr@jw."

~LSJ-UU~Luf)coiJ

6lJ~[J6l1IG08ia;6m"uu@~U.fm6YTrrir.

wrr:$iluw

~roU(ijl)

I§)@ @1hwrrm

1h~r;;vuJLrr@jw.
83

82

J)r:r 8= cf'r~GlfT~Ul

cff)froVGU~

cf'r8;8l~GU

~LDUlLDIT

8l ~ru~~

cff)ffEJrn
'fY@ 8lLiJI-

U ITL 8' IT~ GU8l6tT

U r;;V 8l ~ GU8;

8l!:p

8l ~

8l6tT

U IT6ir

fJJ

et GUGUIT 'fY@rufr

w~ 8lLlS/~m

~@uuuu(6lw
'fY@

fbLrulS/-8;~8l

'fY6!irfI)lLDroVGU.@~

cff)froiJr;;v~~L8l~6lT
@GUd;a;W

~LDUlLDIT 8l8; Q8l/TIiilir(6l cff)ffI>6!irw~ Q8'UlpUITLIT@jW. QfEJlTf:ii/roV cff)fUl~@~tI

iflfI)l eu GlfT~ 8l6Yf)@/6tT @j W IL 6lTru6lT ii ~ ~ fiW Ul IT6lTfr iflUl un 8; 8l U U L (6l Q fEJTy5l r;;V 8' ITfr IL 6lTru6lT ii ~ ~ fiW I
ru!:pri.J8luu(6l.$)rnfJJGlfT . ~ r:rITriJ 8= cfI
~~6m"8;8lIT8l rf't1 u.ft GUITGlfT @~

IL fEJ lfI8l6tT 6

~@uuuu(6lw a8llT~ru 8'ri.J8lw) aLDaGU


@j6lUJ)LUULL ~rnu~

(QLDITy5't QUUlrTU48; a8'~6lJ8lm

14 @GU~8l

!L

6lTeue«

ii~ ~ 6m"
~LD

roir U ~

!L

6lTeae«

ii

Up6IUl
8l 6lT ~

J)r:rfEJITGlfT ~r:rlTuJ8=cf'r
Ul r:rfEJTGlfT 8lL I

fbL6lJlS/-8;~8l8lGir et roirGlfTQruroir

~GUGUIT ru~r:rcllGU8;8lfiWri.J8lGYf)rn

UlS/-U/W
~@JGUIT

Q8'

iii ru fEJT@jW • @rurT I

fJJlT@J

IL6lTru6lT~~~fiW

fEJ~GUu1(6l Q8'uJU/W 4GUGlfTlTaftroirfJJ~.

'fY@

Qrup6l8lr:rLDITGlfT UGU~~fEJ

IL6lTru6lT ~~~6m"

8'WU:EfEJUULL

uroVarufI)l

~r:rlTuJiFcf'r8lsir

Q8'uJ~ QfEJlTf:ii/roV

Q8'UliJUITLIT@jW
~L8l@j8;@jm@jW

~roiru~
'fY@

6l5Ia8'LLDIT8l

cff)ffEJrn {'!jlGUw ~~fJJ8;@j

.$)~L8;@jW

QUfI)lauiJ~fJJ

IL6lT6lJ6lTj,~~6m"

UGUW @@UUfEJlT8lGlJW @:EfEJ~r:rWU


fEJLlS/-8; fblTlS/- @j 8;

a8'ir j,fEJGUIT@jW. 8liJJ)8;@jW clIa8'LLDITGlfT cf'rGUir@@8;.$)rnfJJGlfTir. !146m" rT8l6lT1T cff)frurT8l~6lT 8l Up6IUl


UITL~dj6tT ULL~8lGir, 8;

~roVGU~ @UlroVJ)(]GU @@8;@jW @:EfEJ UGU~~fEJ


{'!jlGUW cff)f:E fEJ a8'~6lJ fEJ:E

Q8lIT(6lUUfEJrn

fEJLD~

J)

r:riFcf'r~GlfT ~Ul

IrTj,~8;

!L6lT6lJ6lTj,~~6m"~Ul
8lmf/8;8l

Q8llTmrufEJP@j
6lly5)8lITLL@J

cff)f6lJcf'rUlLDITGlfT ;ilfJJrn
IL6lT6lJ6lTj,~~6m"

8l~6lT

aLDaGUITri.J8liF Q8'uJrufEJP@jW aru6W(6lW.


'fY@ ~@ @/I~@~~

QfEJlT y5'troV rT;ilUlIT GlfT IL6lTru6lT j,~~6m" C!:PlS/-U/w.


!L6lT6lJ6lTj,~~6m"

'fYroirfI)l Q8'uJUluu(6lfEJ@J LDPfI)lQLDIT@


6lJ~8lu.fl@J

8l@JclI~UlU

QUpfI)l8;

UlTrT8;@jWaUIT~
@@uu~Lroir

~roiru~

clIr§r§ITGlfTLDIT8l
8lmf/8;8l clI6lTri.J.$)8;

Q8lIT(6l8;@jW
{'!jlGUw

UITL8'IT~GU,

uroV8l~GU8;8l!:p8lri.J8lsir

LDtjJfI)lW !lfI)l6lJGlfTffiI8lsir
aUITt18;djUUL@ ULLUUlroir

8l~GUUlIT8l 8l

IL6lT6lJ6lTii~~6m"8;8lITGlfT

C!:PlS/-U/QLDGlfT :EfEJ cff)fW8'ri.J8l~6lT cff)flS/-UU~LUlIT @


Q8llTm6lT

~6lJj,~

8'1T6ir!DIfEJl:P8lGir, 8'lTrnc6lfEJ~sir
{'!jlrn

lS/-Ua6lTITLDIT 8'WU:EfEJLDIT 8l

UlS/-u4

C!:PlS/-.$)rnfJJ~. tlIr:r fEJlTGlfT {'!jlrnfI)l


8lL~LDdjGir

aUIT6!irfJJGlfT~MuU(6l.$)rnfJJGlfT.
@@UU~

aLDtjJ ®c6luUlLUULL
f'F(6lULlS/-@8;8lW @jc6lUJ)Lj,

fI)l

u@j;il8lGir

fbL6lJlS/-8;~8l8lGYf)roV

QfEJlT y5'troV8'lTrT IL6lT6lJ6lTj,~~6m"uS/@/Gir {'!jl6!irfI)l 1. 11.


111. u@j;il8l~6lT

cff)f;ilclla8'LLDITGlfT !l46m"ir8lsir
IL6lT6lJ6lTj,~~6m" 6)'rn

@ri.J@j

fEJ8;8l~. fblTW

~L8;£)U/sir6lTGlfT. ~6lJcf'rUlLDlTaftrnfJJ~
~rnu~

utjJ6IU/w

uuS/ tjJcf'r Q8' uJfEJroV ~r:rlTuJiFcf'r


djdJUI~6iJ fbL6lJlS/-8;~8l8lGYf)roV

djL..LITUlLDlTdj

~c6lfEJroV aru~(6lW.

cff)ffEJtjJ8lITGlfT 6l5'ta8'L cff)fW8'ri.JdjGir .f/GU

f'F(6lu(6lfEJroV.

.£(]!:p fEJr:ruu(6l.$)rnfJJGlfT• 1. fEJ~UlIT


8l

{CrT~~8;

Q8l1Tsir6lT

C!:PlS/-UlIT fEJJ)r:r iFcf'r~GlfTQUlIT

6!irc6ltjJ@j

uuS/tjJcf'r Q8'uJfEJroV~6!iru~
!L6lT6lJ6lT~~~6m" fblT(6l 8l61F/@J st

'fY@ IL6lTru6lT j,~~6m"UlIT6lTrT

'fY@6lJrT a8'~6lJ 11. 111.


Qru61F/

:£irQrulT6!ir~fJJ

afEJlS/-8;Q8llTsir6lJ~. 8lLlS/-QUl@U4fEJroV.
tjJ@j

fblTlS/-U/L6!ir fbL6lJlS/-8;~dj8llii1f)roV f'F(6lULroV

~@jW.

@fEJtjJ8llT8l ~8'LLDIT8l QfEJlTy5) tjJ 8' IT~GU 8l6tT ,

fEJ~UllTsir ~@j~LD~Ul
ru@~

~~Gl)Ulnil8lGir roirfJJlT@J LD@ ~ ~ru8'

~~LD8;8lUUL..(6lGir6lTGlfT. IT~ GU Gir, 8l

tlI r:riFcf'r~GlfT Ul ITGlfT 8':E fEJrT unil 8lGYflroV 8' rflUl ITGlfT {CrTLDITGlfT u j,;iI 85

IV.

Wi U 6lJ W

@6llT 6m LD <J; t [f 6W LDtt <J; CF UJtt ~ Q 1D 6llT6m {D t rf) tt

fliruU/@6lJ1DdJ®
v.

C81D6m6lJUJrr~ CF8:.j;l6mUJ~U/~®~j;I
Q CF roO tt ~ (y) UJ-UJtr 1D ~ ®

QCFriJ1D~.
6lf) L UJ~ 6m 1D

LD!D!J)JQustt ® 6lJ® 8; ® !JjW U/8:.6m<J;UJt ~ t ~6mLDj;lUU@~~1D~'

~®6lJrflLw

&..!J)J6lJ1DtOire!Jl~W

~W 6'ff~6m1D

04
~@j8:.®

~tOir {DrrL ~/I<J;LDrr~ ®@WUW, !LL..UL~rrt..iJ :L

eutt /:P8:.6m<J;u1!Wiw ~®
:L6'ffuU/[fiFcf)6m~<J;w
®C!£l ~roO ~~ 6T6llTU6m1D @f!iJ®

flir 61/ <J;rr W (Y)UJ-UJ 1D 6 tt


~@

5J"!DU@6lJ/iWirrLrr<J;

~W,
U/!D ®

§j6lJf1WIT&ir Lm61Jm ~!l6tJ)6tJUT


(Individual Counselling) :L6'ff6lJ6'ff ~~6m6m'u1!tOir ~U/6lSI®~j;I~
~UJ-UU6mL

6TroO eott CFe!Jl<J;f!iJ $@jW

urr tlu

BrL..UJ-8; <J;rrL..L~rrt..iJ.

~~rrroO

at 6lJ 6'ff~ ~ 6m6W uJ) 6llT e!Jl su W

~ ~ 1D6m <J;UJ J) [f cF cI) 6m~ $ 6m6'ff


~~
~@'!j8;®

~t.bCFLDrr $ @®UU~ @j;I~


~UJ-UU6mL

1D67lTlUJrr6ir C8!Jjrr Mffi]$61r

®6m{D~8:.Q$rr~@ QU!D!J)J8; Q$rrW@jt.b ~1DWirrC8L U/[fiFcf)6m~ CF$rrUJW


~tl$

5J"C81Drr §)® 6lJ6m<J;uSI~ UUJWiW6'ff ~6lJrrtOirc616m~ 6lJrrlUU,-/ ~®i;/I $I6mL8:.$ItOir{D~. LDrr~/lLD~~ (y)UJ-$ItOir{D~. CFrf)UJrr~
§)®6lJ[f ~ §)®

6m$ Q$rr@uu1Drr®w.

cf)~ $rr6W8:.&"UJ-UJ1Drr$ :LW6'ff~.

~6m6lJ<J;6'ffrr6lJ~.

1DtOJIUJrrw ~@j6mLD6mUJ 1£ir io« ~ i;/liJ®w,

QCFuJ~ Q$rrW6'ff

CFt61DtTUUf!iJ$GYf)roO ~t61D flrr 61/8:.®t.b 6lJ®6lJ1DiJ® ~®6lJrfLt.b QU!D!J)J8;

1.
11. 111.

1D67lTlUJrrw!Jj~tOir$6m6'ff C8LDWU@~1D~' LD67lTl1D6m~LD67lTl1D~rr J;LDj;I~~ <


:L61T6lJ61T~~6m6WQCFUJ6iJ C8!Jjrr8:.c£)~6lJ6m~ ~ $L..L6m6'ff @@w !JjL6lJUJ-8; 6m$$61T @~8; 6m$

(Y)li/-$ItOir {D~.

!JjWU/8;6m$UJrr~

&"{DUUL..@ Q$rrQj-6lJ1D!D®

~1DWirrC8L

~!J)J1D6iJ

CFt61DtTUUW
IV. 111.

@L..@iF QCF~~t.b

C8!Jjrr8:.$I6m~8:. Q<J;rr~L~.
<J;8:. $rr61WUJ-®[51D~' Q

c£)6mLiI;£tOir{D~.

Brurr6lJw Q$rr61WL1D~~.
~UU6mLUJrr

1D67lTl !Jjuir Q$rr6'ff[f6lJ~j;l6m~ :L6'ff6lJ6'ff~6m6W !JjL6lJUJ-8:.6m$UJrr$ @®~1D~'

:L et

euetr ~ ~ 6m6W uJ) 6iJ e!Jl6llT!J)J J) [f 1Dtt ~ 1D67lTlUlmir:L6'ff6lJ6'ff~~, :L6'ff6lJ6'ff ~~6m6W

J) rf) 61/$

Qj-

a, 61T6'ff~ •
IV.

~tOir!J)JL6"6r ~6"6r!J)JQ1DrrLir,-/6mLUJ ~® Q1DrrLir


6m LDUJtt ~

~<J;6'ffrr6lJ~
®@ ~6'ff6lJ6'ff ~~6m6W

®@tlJu !L6'ff6lJ6'ff~6m6W, QCF~~ (y)UJ-ILJW.

6TtOirU1Drr®W. @iE1D e!JltOir!J)JU/rfl61/<J;61f)WiW@jW

!L 61T suet ~ ~ 6m 6m' Q 1D y5l6iJ 6lJ rr ~ tt 1Drr~Lrr j;I®~~. ~UJ-u

LDL.. L ~ (ffi 1D:$

!JjL6lJli/-8:.6m<J;$6m61T(y)tOir !JjLrr ~/liF

:L6'ff6lJ6'ff~~6m6WuJ)6llT @L~j;I(ffi~U u!D

U6mLUJrr~~w

J)[f1Drr~wrr~

C8!JjrrMri.J<J;61f)Wiw 1D67lTlUJrrir ~6"6r<J;6m6'ff C8LDWU@~1D~ 6T6"6rU~ (y)iI;£Ul QU!J)Jc£)tOir{D~. ~j;I$


$

CFiE1DirUUri.J<J;61f)~ 1DLD~ 6lJrrW8:.6m$ (y)6m{Du1!6iJ


cf)~~

e61lLJ tb U/ [f 5 cf)6m~
~~rrroO

UiJ

e61lLJ ib ~c6161/ rf/I UJtt ~

C8!Jjrr8;®6lJ1Drr6iJ
@L(y)~@.

uroOC86lJ!J)J J)[f5

$61T. CFcF F[f61/<J;W 5J"iJUL C !JjL6lJUJ-8;(ffi$u1!@IrrLrr.z5

:L6'ff6lJ61T~~6m6m'

86

{lj~UJrr6ir

~IDV.ira;6ir a;L.LrrUJWrra;

a;ru~8ia;uuLroiJ wjl~Gill ~@d;a;d; ihfP/~row WrrL.LrrfP/.

(]ru~@W. (]a;rr~ruu5)~w

~fP/

wrrd/[fl..DlDi.xov ~@ ~~m QU[J)l$/.ir~fP/. a;L.L~mu5)@ a;L.L~m ruroJ)ILf[J)lih {ljU U L.@6irmfP/. BTUJ6lS/@UUUUIJI-(]UJ sn.uteuu:

~@ ~mrra;(]ru

DI[f{ljrr6m'wrra; ~~L ~ @ (] U rrfP/ W ~rrlJle!PIDVW (]urrfP/(]LD

8in.[J)l£/.ir~rrir. u~ru[J)l

~{lj!D® (]~[fIJl-UJrra;lF Q8'~rr~ .~rururr

Q8'~~fP/W

a;rr[f~a;Gir (]urr fP/

@fP/ U!D!6I lLmrumihfP/~row {ljGill lLa;~{lj{ljGillIDV lLmrum (Yl.ir(]6m'rr8i$/ ~ffiJ® @@d;a;

cf)IDV®!6IuDlLUUL.@mm6m'

[J)l Q8'uJUJuuLrr

it@8i®w

a: ett rum ihfP/~6m' u5)Wl6ir

DI[flFJ/~6m'a;Gir 6JeDuLIDVrrW. {ljowflUJrrir~Dl6'5I@d/6JeDu(£id/d; ~!D~ (]ru61ffrIJl-UJ IJI-UU~L ~ L

e!PIDVW(]8'~ru a;L.L~m

Q a; rr 6ir eu {ljiJ a; rr a; @@t5 {ljrr roO ~ t5 {lj ~ ~ m 8' rf) UJrr 6m' eu
it@u4ru{lj!D® @ t5 {lj s: et rum (]ru~@w. ® row rr W 8' IliJ a; 6ir ,;;J) (] 8' L W rr a;

ff1uf) roO
{ljroO

Q8'Gillru{ljroiJIDVrrfP/ ~@

~W8'riJ.Ja;m UrDIJLmm6m'. l

Q {ljrr y57 roO 8' rr rT


to t5 tI@i;

UJ{ljrririh{ljLDrr a;6lfw ~Dl6lS/@ihit tiirwrr6m'ihit!b<f5 (]8'~ru


~@

~IJI-UU~Lu5)~W

6T~{lj ~@ ~@§~w

i;fP/ ~

row UJrr m ~

W a; L L rr UJus rr a; ~~

ru@ru{lj!D® (YlIJI-UJrrwGill (]urr £/w~fP/. 4rf1~fP/ Qa;rr~@ (Yl~~LDUJrra; ~{lj67Hrr a; ~fP/

~~rua;mrrru6m'.

~rrlJl- BTUJ6lS/@LILSI.ir UIJI- t51[flFcf)~6m'~UJU a:a;rrUJi;tI~6m' ~~Lt5fP/ Qa;rr61i"m #)~uurr67H


d; a;{lj6lfa;6'ir itrp(DC8{lj @@~

1.
2.

(]wrr8'IJI-UJ!D~' UJ{ljrrir~wrr6m', {!fIu~{lj~rowUJiJ~ <$~ a;rr mrf)u~ulLfw w!D~ruir (]8'~ru

(]~ir~wUJrr6m' (a:rr{lja;)

~@ru[frra;

@@~{ljGill.

(]~rTwwrr6m'

6T~rowlliJ<$~mlLfw ~ib~roiJ 61S)L.@

lLmrustr ~ wtli;{ljroO ~LrulJl-8i~a; @~L(]UJ ~LrulJl-8;~a; (]8'~ru~UJ (]8'~ru t..f) [f ~ lLmrum

~@ ~~m ~w8'wrr®w.

6l5I@ihit Q8'uJfP/ Qa;rrmmGill. 61S)mffiJ$/d;Qa;rr6ir~w BTUJ~ihw ~[frruJ5cf)d;® {ljW~w

JLmrumi;fP/~rowuf)6ir (]8'~ru ~rrlJl-d;®W, (]urr®w.

3. 4. 5.
6.

a;6Yf/.ir lLrowir6lfa;~m a; @@ih{ljGill. a;@ihfP/6irm ~rrlJl-~UJ

wrr ihit[fwroiJIDV ~.ir [J)ld;Qa;rr.ir[J)l ~~LQU[J)l$/.ir~fP/. {lj~LUUL.@ 8'rflUJrr6m' (Yl~~u5)Gill 67H UJ ~ rTi;fP/8; ~

8'WU~{ljLDrr6m' tC~L ~{lj!D® uffiJa;w

Q{ljrrLir Q8'UJroiJ

lL~LUJru[frr 6l51@{ljGill.

lLmru6Yri;fP/~rowUJrr6YrWl8;®W 6J!DUL.LrrGill Qa:UJGill @itroiJ @{lj67HrrroO lLmru6YrihfP/~row @{ljW a;rr[frowLDrra;

6l5)(g[frr{lj w6m'uurrw~w @~rrw!D Q8'uJ{ljroiJ. BTUJ~~L6l5I!D®

~d;.$/[fu5lU4~

(]urrw~ru~!D

Q8'uJUJ (YlIJI-UJrrw!D (]urra;IDVrrw. Q a; rr 61i" m (YlIJIUJrr LDroO {lj~UULL

!hrrlJl-8i® uUJ.ir

6JfP/w 6lS/~6YrUJ WrrL.LrrfP/.

lL6irmrr {ljGill. ~@ruir u5la; J/[fWihfP/LW a;L.IJI- 6T@UU

dl~

(] u rr a; IDV to . rr
cl1@U4

ihfP/~row

6TWUfP/ a:w~irrowLDrr ~@ ~LrulJl-8;~<$UJrr®w. ~~rowu5).ir

a; Q{ljrry5)Gill LDL.LihitroiJ <$L.IJI~@ (]urrfP/(]w

BTUJ~~L6lf (]ru~

6TWlw Qurr@fP/

6T@UUUULL Qru[J)lu48ia;6ir 6lS/@u 4,

IJI-UJrff/~IDV~wUJrr®w.

~{lj!Da;rr a; 61S)@ihit Q8'uJUJd; 8in.IJI-Ul U6l) ~a;mrrru67H. ~ita;rf)ihfP/ Q<$rr6ir~{ljGill {ljW~w~UJ . Q8',ufP/8;

Q{ljrry5)Gill8'rrir

lLmrumihfP/~rowu5)Wl6ir

~t.ba=ffiJ<$Gir @@8i£/w~67H.

a;rrrow (YlIJI-UJrrfP/. lLm6llm (YlIJI-UJrrfP/6T.iru~{lj

~@M 6l5I@u5lUJffiJ<$6ir lj~UJrrir { u5)roO ~L6lI1J1-8; a;~<$ 6T@8;<$

Qru[J)l U 48; <$ 6ir ~IJI- U U~L 6l5I6Yr8i$/ILf6irmfP/.

L 2. 3. 4.

Qurr[J)l~wu5)w {ljrr (Ylw {ljW~W


~L~.

~m~ru

W!D~ruir a;@§w 6J!D[J)ld; Qa;rr6ir~w 6l5I@~it Q8'rUfP/ Qa;rrm~{ljGill {lj.ir~w~UJ

..a;rr roiJ (][frr lJ!rTOO" {lj~UJrr6ir ~6Yf/Wl~LUJ 6lS/@ihit

~t5I61S)@ih it

6T~

row d;<$@UuIJI- ~@

rff/irwrrrow a:8iit~UJ @[f<$cf)UJih~{lj Qa;rrm@§{ljGill.

@;wroJ)Wl6ir(]m

~~LQU~

(]6lI~@QLDW[J)l

urrfP/<$rrd;®w

6lS/@ih{il

88

89

5.
6. 7. 8. 9.

~/:pL.Drr~

~GYf)~L~

Q$!)rrLfr[J)~~

~Lrr~il8;

Qa;rr6ir~w

!L$!)6lJru$!)tjJ~w,

QCFclIL.D@u U$!)tjJ~w !LmTfr6lJ

@6ir WlOL.Drrfr

~~8;

~GlT

$!)6'lir~L.D~UJ 6l5I([!j~iI L.DijJlJ)rufra;~8;a;rra; t/@ut/~UJU.fW, @$!)UJ~$!)rr~w, rurrwa;~a;~UJu

QCFuJ~8; Qa;rr6irmroU.

a;L@uurr@6irm
OCF~ru QCFuJU.fW $!)~L.DU $!)W~L.DU

!L@rurr$!)roU Oru6W@W.

6TroUr;;vrr La;@9w ~ @$!)WlrrOL


L.Diluu@

O~fr~L.DUJrr~

a;ru~u4L6'lir

uijJ6I $UJ ~[JrruJ8=!luJlroU FF@UL !LrfI~L.D !Lmr@. CFmUJ ~ tt uijJ!DI ~ila; Ifr 6lj8;~ L.Diluu@ QCFuJru~W ~~IJ)6lJrra;

$!)6'lir~L.D~UJ 6)"ijJU@~t/8;

Qa;rr6ir~$!)roU. Qa;rrm~$!)roU. ,§>@ru[Jrr$!)roU.


Q~aflW5cf1ti ruySla;rrL@w tllJ)~$!)~W

'§>@ru@8;~

ru[J C!:pllI-iutb. 6l5IOCF LL.Drr a; ,§>@rufr UJ$!)rrfr~$!) ITt/uJlroU '§>6'lir6l~~u $!)Ii>1lfIUJrrGlT~t1)clI@~il~UJ @6'lirQ~rr@ ~a;~~

L.D£)W8=!I~UJU.fW 6)"ijJU@i5t/8; !L6ir L.D~~$!)rr~w U!Dcrf) ~L.Drr~

QCFuJru~W $!)6l5Ifr ;a;uuLroU 8

Orumr@w.

urrfr~$!)coU

Oru6W@W.

@$!)WlrrOL

$!)6ir ~L.DUJrr~ Qa;rrm~$!)roU.


10. {fir usnemb

L.D~U urrffiJ afI~~ L.D!D[f)lw

clI@~ il ~a;

QCF,u~

6)"ijJu@iM&I8; Qa;rrmmr;;vrrw. $!)6'lir~L.DU.fL6'lir ~$ururr$!) ~6iruffiJa;6ir QCF~~~W QCFUJijJurrLrr~w. 6)"tjJuLr;;vrrw. !Lm Qa;rr6irm

~O[Jrr $!)L.D~U urr6'lir~L.DU.fL6'lir ~8;£)[JLEtu4i5

@@uuQ$!)6'liru~

~~8;~

QCF,uU.fW ~6ir4

6T@.$ ~w

~Lrulll-8;

6T@8; ~w

@$!)Wlrr(]L ~L..a;~m

urrrflUJ Or[J8=!I~~

tf/4mT ~~ru~iI~~ OL.DijJ ~!DIUULUULL @@!E~ QUijJ[f)l8; QCFuJ~ Qa;rrmm Oru~llI-UJ

eueait ~~8; sreoeon

Qa;rr6ir~$!)roU. '§>@ru@8;~ @~ (:f!!;/:PcoJ/roU 6l5I@~iI

O~CFW ~ru8;~w a;li>1lfIrurr~

L.DL..L~il~~U.fw
Oru6W@W. clIila;~w

@$!)UJ~il~~U.fw

a;rr[J~a;~w

6)"ijJu@~il8;

@$!)tjJa;rra;

L.D$!)iF (:f!!;/:ProUL.DijJf!)Jw

Qa;rr6irm

c!:pllI-U.fL.Drra; @([!j!E$!)rr~w ~wCFc!:pL.Drr~w.


6)" tjJ

Q$!)rry;flcoU '§>@8; a;rr!Df!)J


QCF~M1£)6'lirIJ)~.

QU@L.Dm6lJ
(y) su W

QCFcoU rurr8; ~5
'§>@ruWl8;
(f!j

'§>@ ~m
Wou Oru[f)l

O~fr~L.DUJijJlJ), UJ$!)rrfr~$!)L.DijJlJ)§>@ru[Jrra; @@!E$!)rrroU , ~@~ t1) [J 5cf1~ ~ a; 6ir

8r UJ ~~

L clI!D ~

§>@ru6ir

!L GlT er tt eu $!)6ir

U L!Ol) tt W • @ ~
tf/~r;;v~UJ

$!)L.D ~6ir GYf) 8; @!E~ ~~LUJ8;8in.llI-UJ O~iTL.DL.Drr~

L6W~L.DUJrr~ Ur;;vruijJ~lJ)8; Oru6WllI-UJ Qurr[f)l~L.Du.f)6ir

$$!)fDii[J~$!)U.fw,

L.D£)I:PiF!I~UJU.fW ~L~8; ,§>@rufr ~Or6l5l@~ilu

Qa;rr6Yrm ullI-a;6ir

!L([!jrurrru~ rurruJu48;a;6ir

Ourr6'lir[f)l @$!)~rrroU '§>([!jQJfr $!)L.D8i@jw, (:f!!;/:ProU CF(y)a;~t/~w C!:pllI-tun $!)ru[Jrr £) 6l5I[J8;iI !L@rurra;r;;vrrw. ,§>@rufr @@8;~W !L~LUJru[Jrra;

c!:pllI-U.fw. @!E$!) !6t~r;;v~UJ u6W4a;6ir

~~LUJ

c!:pa;ffiJQa;rr@8;a;

a;Li5$!)roU Oru6W@W.
@([!juu$!)rra;

~$!)ijJa;rr a; 6l5I@i5i1 QCFuJ~ Qa;rr6Yrm

6TUOUrr~OL.D
ru~[J

8rLllI-8;

a;rrL..LUUL..@6irm~.
6)"~QL.Drr([!j @@~$!)rr~w

(Positive) 6T~mTffiJa;m

@@~$!)roU Oru~@w.
$!)~UJrr6ir

~8rururr$!) 6l5I@~iI @roU~r;;v"

~m6lJ

'§>6iJQrurr@

$!)1i>1lfI ~U@8;~W

6TilfrL.D (Negative)
6)"

6T~mTffiJa;m

~~L.DuJ)roiJ
Or[J iF!I~~

@UJcoUurra;Oru a;6ir
6)"

~~L.D~~

~ila; rrroiJ urrrftUJ,


§>6'lirlJ)rr~w.

tjJuLrr ~. "6T~ 8;~ '§>6'lir[f)lOL.D QCFuJUJ(!PllI-UJrr ~." $!) '§>@ru~rr~w".


6)"

"~rr6'lir uut ~[JU.fw

5!E$!)fr u uffiJa;GYf)roiJ~~

Ourr ilUJ$!)rr a; ~~L.DUJrr~L.Du.f)~ ~~a;u.J)~rrroiJ ~~ilUJru!lUJL.Drr~ Qa;rr6irru~

~wurr

"6T6'lir~rrroU '§>([!j t1)~UJrr CF~(!PW ijJuLLrrroU @ru~~


~rua;rrCFw uS/a;8;

ijJUL @L(!p6W@.

Qurr f!)J~L.Du.J)6'lir

6T6'lir1J)$!)rrW6lJ8= !l8;a;roU
'§>@ru~rra;

atr ~t/UJL.Drr a; !I!Eil8;~W ~~lJ)rurr~w.

~m~ru

6l5I@~iI Q5uJ~

L.DrrtjJ[f)lru$!)!D~rflUJ

@$!)ijJa;rr a; ~!DI6lJ, ~Wluruw

L.DijJ[f)lW ~i5L&;w @!E$!) !6t~r;;v~L.D8;~

Ourr6'lir1J) ~w5ffiJa;~6YT 5WUL.Drr a;!Ol)rrw. 8rUJ t1) IJ)@W 6J" ijJ[f)l8; c!:p$!)ijJa;6W $!)W~LD

L.DtjJ IJ)rufr a;GYf)6ir !L mT fr 6lJ a; ~m

clIm ffiJ.$)8; Qa;rr 6ir ~ $!)roU6T6'lir u~ 6T6W mT ffiJ a; 6ir L.D tjJf!)Jtb ~ru~ ~
#)r;;v

6l5I@~iI Q5uJru$!)6'lir(y)!Ol)W ~~L6l5l6'lir


Qa;rr6ir~w 4rf1~~8; ~llI- u U~L

'§>@ ru([!j ~L Oru~ma;GYf)6iJ


6l5I[J8;il8;~W

UJ L.D U U tt ffiJ ~, ~ 6T6irUrutjJ~1J)


'§>@rufr L.D~8;

~mT tt W5L.Drr a; $!)rrc!:pw, ~!DIuOrL!Ol)rrw.

6Tilfrurrfru48;a;6ir

~crfi{6~

Qa;rr6irru$!)rr~w.

ru~a;uJlroU ~~L.Dru~$!)
Oru6W@W. Qa;rrwm Oru~@w.

6)"O$!)WlW

'§>@ t1)[J5#)~~ !LLULllI-@!E$!)rrroU

a;rr[JmTL.Drra;

6l5ImffiJ£)8; Qa;rr6irm

@$!)WlrrOL

$!)rrw

uutit 6T6'lirU~$!) $!)rr6'lir


$!)W~L.D

~/:puu~ilijJ~w

~ru@8;~

UJrr$!)rrirti$!)L.Drra; 91

q;;Jlj; IJ)8>Q $
LJrfJ~liimirGl/ QU{!)lW (]6lJ~ @W.

tt

m 6lJ{lj6ir

e!::P IiiVW @:E {lj !El615)iiV615) J ~615) L UJ (Yl1JI-u.tW . I U U®UUUJGl/, G6l1dJPI @@8;$ (]6lJ~@W.

6l5l(J~,

~MW, W£Iy:iFcflUldJlJ)

{lj6'6r615)W 6,ldJUL @L(Yl~@.


et roV (]

ILW6trrTir{5{!j
IL 6lfir

~~WL@WroiJliiV

roTroiJliiVrT CF[h{ljirUUffiJ$6YfI:iJ,2lW ~{ljrTOOULJ, e!::PIiiVWwdJlJ)Q1ir$615)6tr 6,ldJ{!)l8; Q$rTW6tr {bU@8;®W "{§Iir WrT Iiim~~IJ) 615)W" et 6ir U~ lLiJ CF $W tt uY;;®6l1{ljrT®W. roT@U U {ljrT®W.

rT iI u11roV 6lJ ySl $rT L L roV

et 6M U~

rDIJ rT@8>®W (]6lJ~@W. U

615)WUl tt GifT

(Yl615)IJ)u1/roiJ L{lj6l5l QCFUJ{ljroiJoT6'6r1J) @~il615)GifT 1 r $ QCF,u {ljroiJ {b6M(]GifT tt 8>£rroiJ ~615)w[hil@~{ljroiJ §)@6lJWl8>® LJilUJ~wrT ~cflUlWrT®t.iJ. {broVliiV UUJ6M$615)6tr af/615)L 8; af/ ~ IJ)~ • 6lJ rTY;; $ 615) 615) JU $ U 6l5l@~iI

BTLIJI- {§IdJ£r6'6rIJ)~. 1L{lj6l51 ~{ljWlIT(]L CF:E{ljfruuw tllJ):E {lj~ tiJ Q$rTm@P{ljroU 1L{ljGl/{ljroiJ, uroiJ(]6lJ!J)J

§)6l£J6lJrT@

t5l6'6rGifT~u1/roiJ {§IirWrTliim~~IJ)6'6r §)@6lJ6'6r

LJ~UJ615)6lJ$615)6tr LJilUJ615)6lJ$ 615)6tr uY;;®@J{lj6'6r

QuiJ{!)l8>Q$rTm~w

(] {lj@6lJ{ljiJ® cflfDiruu{ljdJ® e!::P IiiVW

~roV rDIJ ~

i;crfl
QCF,u~

LJ~UJ615)6lJ$615)6tr cfI[b~uu{ljdJ® ~PlGl/


et 6irUGifT

GifT615)6lJ$615)6trroTroV(]rDlJrT W @

LJiI UJ615) lJ$ 615) tr QCF,u 6lJ{ljiJ ® 6 6

CF:E{ljfr U U W @UJroV U tt $ (]6lJ §)6'6rlJ)rT6lJ{lj6M e!::PIiiVW

G6l16Yf1UU615)LUJrT $8; $615){lj~roiJ, WGifTW ~IJ)~ QCFUJ~ Q$rTW6tr (Yl1JI-u.tW.

£r615)L 8>£r6ir IJ)~. {ljir 8>8;W, LJ~iI, (]W:iJ,2lW @{lj615)GifT 6l5l@~iI @(J$cf)

G6l16Yf1UU615)LUlrTGifT {bL6lJIJI-8;615)$ roT@~{ljroiJe!::PrDlJW §)@@J@~ @J615)$u1/roiJ1L{lj6l5l, ILU$rT(JW

QCFUJUl (YlIJI-£I6'6rIJ)~. 615) u.tW W st roU(] rDIJ rf) L (YlW tt {ljW 8; ® W tt ~ @@8> $

Ul ~ {lj6ir 615) u.tW , ~@P W


Iiim tt tiJ

(] 6lJ mT IJI-Ul ® (]6lJmT@tiJ.

CF $ 6tr n ® tiJ • @ ~ ffiJ (]6lJ6lfir@w UrT~$rT~~8;

tl(JW roiJ rDIJ

{CirWrT ~~{lj6l5)GifT ~w, $@~ roT@~~ ~ir6lJWrT

QCFUJ!bU@~{lj6l5)GifT ~W

{§ILJIiim ~~6lJW

roT6'6rU{ljW ;$irWrTGifTW ~ u!b!DI

6,l615) UJ6lJ@8>®W GifT

@@8>$

st 6M U615){lj 6,liJ {!)l8> Q$rT

m 6tr

ILLGifTIJI-UJrT$Gl/W,

CFrfJUJrT$Gl/W 6,l~QWrT6'6r615)1J) udJPI~ 6,l!bUL 6lJrT,uULJ~@. {bL6lJIJI-8; 615).$ 6l5l@~iI

$ QCFUl!bU@{ljrDIJrT®W. Q$rTQrfiff @8;

!L6tr6lJ6tr ~~615)liimu1/W(]UrT lL{ljrT(JIiimWrT.$ roT@U u~tiJ

~uCJUrT~{ljrT~ ~Y;;WrT

@~QGifTrT@6lJrf)~ Q$rTWfiff ~6YfI615)L~ Q{ljrTLirL/UL@ !L{ljrT(JliimWrT

{lj6"6flUUl .. :_L _ (Yl1JI-u.tW. ~6YfI615)L @~ Q{!jrTLirLJ roT6'6rU~ roTroiJ(]rDlJrT@LWlW ®@WU~il6M

@~CJUrT6M1J) .fLLGifTIJI-UlrT$ ~~ilUJ6lJJ)UJwrT

CF[h{ljirUUffi./.$Qr

6l5lLUJffiJ$615)6tr @(J$cflUJWIT$ Q{ljrTLir UJroiJ ILQrfiff ~~~UJ6lJcflUJwrT$~

{lj!bQ$IT615)rDIJ QCF,u~

(Yl615)GifTu.tW CJCF615)6lJ{brTlJI~@6lJir ®liimrTWCFffiJ$615)6tr

GifT{lj6M615)W CFe!j)$WrT $ 6lJrT@wQUrT

{fir WrT6"6flu U~w,


aDrdr IJ)~. BTUl ~615)L Gl/8>®

(]{lj6lfl@jUU@£r6'6rIJ)~.

QCF,u6lJ{ljrdr
st 6MU615){lj

"{bW §)6l£J6lJrT@6lJ@8;®W@615)Lu1/roiJ {b1OiJ1iiV (Yl615)IJ)u1/roU6lJrT[jJ@J{ljrT®W." ~6YfI615)L~

e!j)rDlJW ~:E {bU@8;® ".$rTQrCJ(JrT 8?6fiJ" {ljw~ roT@~~8;

QCFroVrDIJ (Yl1JI-u.tW.

$ ~@

{lj6!Jf)UJrTQr ~UJ6l5l@~iI

roT~1iim 8>$@

{'!;PIiiVW

Q{ljrT Lir LJ (Yl!6l6lJ615)L u.tW(]UrT ~

{ljrTUJ ,{lj$U U6'6r, CF(]$rT {lj(J, GifT roiJ tt

$rTL..@£IrdrlJ)rTir. @rdr $@~UUIJIUrTrfJUl QUrT{!)lULJ g(JliimWrTGifT !Lfiff6lJ6tr~~615)liimUJrTfiffrfJLW ~Ut6l51@~il8>® ~iI .@@M

CF(]$rT {ljrfl$Qr roT6MU6lJir $6YfI8;£r615)Lu1/1OiJ UJ(JiFJ)615)GifT1L@6lJrT£I ®@WU $

L.. L 615) U LJ §) @ffiJ af/ ~ W

crfl ~

615) af/ ~ IJ)~ • ~ W

@!6 {lj

"$rT6ir(](JrT~" (]6lJ~IJI-UJ
~@

®@wu~ilWlQr ®@wu~illOiJ ~~~L6M 6,liJ U L @ {ljW~

cF(JrTGifT ~6YfI615)L Q{ljrTLirLJ 6l5l@~ilUJ615)L[h{ljrTlOiJ ~[h{lj §)dJ{!)l615)W, {b1OiJ:iJ,2l1J)Gl/, w£r[jJiFJ), (Yl6M(]GifT iJ IJ)~ 615) {lj {broUliiV $6lJ~ UJIJ)@8>$rT$ {blOiJrDIJlj$6lJdJ Q{ljrTLirLJ {

udJ!Dl 6lJGl5lu.t{!)lMl£r6'6rlJ)rTir.

~wL..@LDcoixou 61llCJCFLWrT67f1

w6!Jf){lj6!Jf)rdr

6151 @~ iI QCF,u UJ (Yl1JI-£16M IJ)~.


U615)Uu.tW, ~6lJ{ljrT GifT615){lju.t W ~

~ ti: CF $ 6fT ffiJ

cf) IiiV 615) lj (Yl ~ 615) lJ {5 ~ 6fT { 6 {lj:E~Qr6""fTrTir. @@8;$

er tt ir. @ {lj~ U IJI- (Yl@

Q CF:iJ,2l ~ {lj roV (]@J6lfir @W • et roV (] IiiVtt fr ~ t5l~UJrTCFGifTWrTGifT~WrTGifT ~{ljrTGifTMl615)GifT (YlUJrDIJCJ6lJ~@W. ~[h{bUrfl6M w£I[jJiFcflu.tw, ~rT ®@WU~ilWlQr ~lOiJrDIJ~ 92

uJ~ W (Yl 8; aD UJW tt GifT W , ~


QCF:iJ,2lMl ~ir$615)fiff ~a9UJ

w6!Jf) {ljGifT 6lJ{lj!b® ~6lJJ)UJ tt CJ(JrT8?W $rTLIJI-~

WrT GifTUJ (J{ljrT GifT rT GifTe!j)6'6r {!)l $rT (J~$615)6""fT W

$rDIJ(Ylw (Yl!6l[h~ QCFUJIOiJULLrTlOiJ ®@6l5lWlQr UrTrflUJ ~6tr6l5l1OiJ

1.
2.

fPfr ~~8>®Qr

CJ6lJmTIJI-Ul illJ)[b{lj §)@6lJ(JrT{ljlOiJ. 93

W67f1UUrTrdr615)W

{ljrT6'6r {bWUJ8;615)$8;®rflUl

3.
(]W!DCTm..!DUULL ~~8; w6Muurrroir~w Q;$rrroir!Drr@jt..iJ. @6'iJGlJ~8;uf)6lJ ClfJ6iT(]6M!D!D:2>~;$ 8;rr[J~8;~611" 516lJGVrr ~(!!jGlJfr ~~L{i;~ Q8;rrGirGlJ;$6iT ~~LUJ @®8;8; ey;GVW ~(!!j tI!D~;$ ;$6M~ ClfJlSI-UJrr~.

(]GlJ6W@W.

@;$6iTey;GVW

{1jroVGV~r,;yf)';'L:2>

Q;$rrLfr~UUJW

Q;$rrlflroV

Q;$rrLfrQurr6iT(!5I~6MUJW @j ClfJC!:R~wf}j ;$roir~w~UJ ~L8;~8;@j6tT~tiJ ;$roir W6M~8;@j6tT ~ ClfJlSI-UJtiJ. W~!DGlJrr8;(]GlJ Q;$rrLif ;$clI[J clI(!!j:2>t/ .. (] [J tt U L

8;LlSI- QUJC!:iJut.5I8i Q8;rrGir611" ClfJlSI-UJW. (] U tr roir {!)J

8; rr@jU " 51 roir !D SL 611" UJGVtt 611" 61l) roir CTm..{!)J GlJ~
10m" UJtt 611"71) L 6

(]GlJ~lSI-UJ

SL 611" lJ611"}j ~ ~ G f QU{!)JWt/UJrr6M

tiJ

@®8;

8;

(] GlJ61W lSI-UJ ufI 8;1Olftb

U6W48;Gir

lfIGVGlJ!D~!D8i

@j(!5lut.5ILGVrrW.

6lS)LUJriu8;~611" ~M/®8i@jw

GlJ~[J {1jWt.5I~8;8i@jrf)UJGlJ[Jrr;$roV ~GlJ~flLt..iJ

Qa=UJeD u@t..iJ(]urr

8= cf)UJrr6M
Qa=rU~ ~GlJfr8;Gir

• • • • • • •

W!D!DGlJfr 8;o;rf/6iT (]GlJ;$~6M~UJ ;$LbtliLw

4rf){i;~8i

Q8;rrGir611"8i8ialSl-UJ t/!D~W

8;rrlOm" ClfJlSI-UJrr~. @;$~6M:2> u6W48;Gir

GlJ®W (]a=~GlJ {1jrrlSl-8;~611" {1jroUGV ClfJ~!DufrroV GlJ[JGGlJiY.DroiJ.

Q8;rrGir611"8iCTm..lSI-UJ ~~~WU

UGVGlJ!D~!D (][Jrr~6YiJ

(]{1j[JlSI-:2>;$6iT~w. (]urr6l5lUJ!D!D:2> ;$6iT~w. 8;®:2>~8i8;~611" ClfJC!:R~wUJrr 8; QGlJo;rf/0u@:2>;$ @LW SL(!!jGlJrr 8i@j;$roiJ. ;$rrWt/d;8;rrwroV ~roVGV~ Qa=rU;$roV, (];$~GlJd;(]8;!DU @j(!5l:2>;$ (]{1j[J:2>t/(]GVrr SL 10m" if GlJ~ (]a=~GlJ{1jrrlSl~ f}j ~ ~(!!j6lJfr Qa=rU~
10m" if

ClfJ6iT~GlJ:2>~Gir611"rrfr 8;Gir. ~~GlJ8;611"rrGlJ6M. • • • • .fI$I~a= .fI$liF~a= ~UU~;$W~ ~o;rf/uUGlJ~6iT 8;L~W8;~ ~(!5I~8i Q8;rr~;$roV. {1jroVGV w6Muurrriu@j. Q;$rrLfr4. ~GlJ6M~ {1jL:2>~;$ufrroiJ ~~~WUJtiJ ~(!!jGlJ6iT B"rClfJ nott 8; s 8;1Dlf) W L

Q8;rr@:2>:$roV.

51 t/fr GlJrr;$:2>t/~6M {1jLGlJlSI-d;~8;8;~611" ~iFa={i;;$fruu:2>t/(]GVrr, 6l1/(El;$roV.

{1jU®8i@jGir611"{1j6iT{1jL:2>~;$ ~~wu4. {1jroVGVQ;$rr® SL611"GlJ611" :2>~~IOm":2> Q;$rrlfl!D ~~~W ~GlJ6M~ GlJ611"friFlfI ~t/8;Wrr8; W6M

~®GlJW1~LUJ {1jLU U;$rjJ @j cf)GVif

UI[J tIU <Dt5l d;@jt..iJ {1jL:2>~;$U


8;rr[JIOm"Wrr $I6iT!D~.

UI!D E:P sutt 8;(]GlJrr , a=tt ;$rr [J1Om" ut 8; (]GlJ tt u rEI~GV~WUJtiJ, ~~~WUJ~LUJ ~GlJif

W rjJ !D GlJif 8; 6YfI roir 516Muu@£I6iT!D~. t.5I[JiF.fI~6M~UJ t.5I[JiF.fI~6Mufr6iT Q8;rr~ Lrrif

(] GlJ;$ ~ 6M 8; ~ 611"

IOlf

(Empathy)
;$6iT~w~UJ 51roir U~;$

~;$rr6lJ~

;$W~ ~~

SL;$rr[JIOm"Wrr 8; @j~!D{i;;$ Qa= 6lJ GlJ;$eD(] 8;rr ClfJ6iTGlJ[JWrrLLrr6iT. ;$~GV~W:2>~GlJU lfI£liF~a= Q8;rr6tT;$6lJ

SL611"GlJ611" ~~IOm"UJrr611"(!!j8i@j (]a=~GlJ{1jrrlSl-

ClfJ6iT~8i@jLl(8urr~ 4rf)~~8;Q8;rr6tTGlJ;$rr@jw.

ClfJ6ir I06f't~GV uf)6lJ

a=rf)UJrr8; SL611"6lJ611" ~~IOm"UJrr611"fr

6lS)611"riu$l8i

8;GV{i;~~[JUJrr@GlJ;${b(]8;rr ~~~W 8;L~W~UJ {1jLGlJlSI-d;~8;d;@j 8;L~W8;~611" lfI£liF~a= 516irU~;$ ~~~~

SL 611" GlJ611" :2>~~6m" u~Qurr6ir!Drr8; ~r,;yf)u UGlJ6iT (]GlJ~@W. (]GlJ6W@tiJ. lfI£liF~a= (][Jrr~6YiJ ClfJ;$6l51roiJ ;$W~ SL611"GlJ611":2>~~1Om" ~{i;;$6YiJ:2>~
uxt M/[JWroUGV

{1jLGlJlSI-d; ~8;ufr6ir

(] U rr~ 4rf){i;~.$

~ :2>~6m" if 6lf u518;lOlfw ~ f}j ~


10m" iT

Q U {!)J W tIufI GlJtt IiI !6 ;$ (]a=~GlJ (]urrGlir!D {1jrrlSl~crflUJw

;$ roir ~ W UJ tt @jW • (]urr~ Q;$rrLfr4,

6lf

ey; GVW
516iTU~;$ 61l)®f}jtl, @;$6MrrroV

CTm..(!5IUJGir611"rrfr. @;$6iT UlSI-

SL611"GlJ611":2>~~6m"UJrr611"6iT ;$W~WU Q;$rrlflroVGlJrr~~wUJrr6M

Q8;rr6WLrrfr

@~L6lf)~6M {1jWUl8i~8;,

ClfJ6iT SL611"GlJ611" :2>~~IOm"UJrr611"6iT ;$W~ ~ {1j6lJGVw6Muurrriu@j L ClfJ6ir ~GlJ6M~

6J"!D{!)J.$ Q8;rrGir;$roV,

iF a=rf)UJrr8; SLlOm"frfr,il®~roiJ ~o;rf/uUGlJ~6ir Q8;rr ~

51roUGVrru t.5Irf)6lf8;~W

{1j6iT@jGlJ611"friF.fI~L6lJ;$i>®

8;L~W8;~611" {1jroiJGV

ClfJlSI-$I6iT!D~· .SL611"GlJ611":2>~~6m"UJrr611"~6MiF a={i;t/.$8; Q8;rrGir;$roV 51uaurr~w GlJ®W (]a=~GlJ {1jrrlSl-~UJ 6J"!D{!)J.$ (]~@tiJ. @;$~6M

Qa=rUGlJ;$!D@j SL;$6l1)UJrr 8; ~~WUJW. {1jL:i; ~;$8;Gir

~r,;yf)u UGlJ6ir

uxt t/rf)UJ tt 6M ~(!!jGlJ6M tt 8; @®:2>;$roiJ

{1j~LClfJ~!DUU@~UUL

94

95

c!:p6ir lir ULf Qa=uJUJfT~

6JiJ!Dd; Qa;fT sfr6lJ~ WfT~1!fIlJwroiJGlJ a;~~~ ®tiJ. [ELd;a; IkLfT

uS/a;6l./W c!:pd;£/UJWfTfitfT ffJl. iL6ff6lJ6ff~ffJl~~UJfT6ff6ir u67f1irLf [E~Q~fT@ Q~fTlfiI<OiJ UL..L a;(!!jw fitfT Lf lL6ff6lJ6ff~~~~ awiJlk!Du ~6"ir~WUfL6"ir Uf£!)J~ ~ Uu(j}l £/6ir !DffJl.

• •

a=rf) UJtt fitfT C!:p~!D uf)roiJ a; @ ~ ~ 8; a; 6ir Qa= rU 1!fIa; ~ 6ff Qa;fT(j}l~~6U. tSl6"irWlfT LL <OiJ iJaSld; a;rfla=~fitfT Qa;fT sfr6fT' <OiJ. U Q a=UJiJ U tt (j}la; 6ir Q6lJ

Qu

iJ£!)J8;

(Non Judgmental)
a[Eir~6ir~wUJfTa; Q~fTLrT Lf8; [EL6lJl4-d;~a;u1rWlsfr

~~

c!:pa;~d;(]a;

® 6lJyfJ6lJ®8;
6J~w

aUfT~UJfTa; ffJl 6r6iru~

a, 6fT' 6lJ et ~ ffJl65l ~

iJuf1 UJ65l L

UJ [E roiJGlJQ 16 fT@ @ffJl a; @@d;

a: 6ff eue« ~ ~~ ~
lL6ff6lJ6ff ~~~~UJfT6ff6ir a;@~~ wiJ£!)Jw

fJ ®d; a;

cl11!f1a; GYf)roiJ 6lJ~


lL67f1ir~W~ QUiJ£!)Jd;

C§!:P ~ GlJ~

Q 16 rf).611' . Q a=rU ~

Q a; tt 6ir 6fT'

a 6lJ 61mT (j}ltb . UJtt 6ff Wl8; ®

6rU(]UfT ~w

Q~ tt y5lroiJ 6lJ tt 61mT 65l W UJtr fitfT a: 6fT' euett ~ ~ ~ ~ a6lJ67f1irl4-UJ a;L65lwUJfT®W. ~!:pa;fT fitfT @LQWfT6ir!DfTa; !fjfTl4-d;®W,
iL 6fT'6lJ6ff~~

WfTiJ!DroiJ a6lJ67f1ir(j}lw. "8TUJ G'I6llrorfluu(j}l~~a;" 6l1Iu IJffiJa;~6ff tSl6irfitfTrmf1~UJ ~UJfTiru(j}l~~<OiJ dtb®w. [EroiJGlJQ~fT@ a;(!!j~~d;a;~6ff

6r6"iruffJl aa=~[EfTl4-u1r6"ir Qa;fTsfr6lJ~iJ® @~L61l)~fitfT~ a~~6lJUJfT Q~fTLrT a; 6rfl;~QrufT@ aa=~6lJ

lL6fT'61I6ff~ffJl~~d;® Q16rf)6l./ ~~ ~166ir

WfitfT~16 a;6lJIJd; Ikl4-UJ

Qa= uJ 16roiJ a6lJroW (j}ltb, aa= ~6lJ a;GlJ{5ffJl~IJUJ fT(j}l6lJ16iJ® Qa=6lW(j}l ~6lJ~ffJl a; aa=65l6ll a!fj tt 8; £/ iLua;lJ~ffiJa;65l6ffUfw lL16fTlJ~WfT C!:pa;w

cilaa=LWfT

UJtt 6fT'Wl d;®W ~l4-UU~LUJfTfitfT a6ll~(j}lw.

[EfTl4-8; ®uS)~Luf)~tiJ a;Ll4-QUJ®uuUULLfTroiJ [EL 6lJ l4- 8; 65l a; uf)Wl6ir lLUfTUJ c!:p65l!Duf)~w ~fl;~ ~~

aW65la=QUJfT6ir£!)J 65161l~~ lLrflUJ 160016fTa61l~a;65l6ffUfW a!fjir ~ i1UJfT a; ~6lJ~~d; [E tr l4-

WffJl ~!:pa;fTfitfT ~iF

uUJuS/6"ir!61 Q6lJvrf)uu(j}l~~

c!:pl4- Uf tiJ • ~ ~ fitfT roiJ 8TUJ Q61IGYf)U U (j}l~ ~ ~ a; tt

a: 6ff suet ~ ~ 65l ~ et U au tt ffJl W i1 a;!:p a 6lJ~ l4- UJ fJ 6ir !DfT® tb.
8Tc!:pa;WfTa;6l./w, LfT a;
et 1!fIir 611fT 1!fI65lfitfT 6JiJ u(j}l ~ 1!fI ~~WlfT ~~

Qa;fTsfr6ff6U

a:er 6lJ6ff ~ ffJl651 ~

UJtt 6ff rf)6ir

C!:pa; ~ ~ 8; ® ud;a;~i1iJ®

er i1ir6lJfT ~w 6r6"iruffJl tSI~!:pUJfTfitfT Qa=UJiJUfT(j}l re;>6"ir!D~.


aa=6516lJ[EfTl4-u1r~ WfTiJ£!)J~roiJ dtb®w. Qa=uJ~roiJ a6lJ6lW(j}lW. lL6ff6lJ6ff ~~65l~ UfT ~a;WfTfitfT 6l1)~6lWLfT

lL651IJUJfT(j}l6lJ16!D® 6JiJufT(j}l Qa=uJUft..iJ(]UfT~ aa=65l6ll !fjfTl4-u1r6ir C!:p~fitfTfT6U UJ6"irfitfT<OiJ ~<OiJGlJ~ a;166l./ @(!!jfl;16fT6U ~fl;16U aa=65l6ll ®61f)~w !fjfT l4-d;® !fjfTl4-d;® 65lW16fTfitfT~i16U dtbiJ£!)J~ ~651!Da;a6fffT UfTir~i1@d;®W a;65l6ffaUJfT aa=~6lI Qa=GiJruGfitfT 6l1I~6ffUJfT(j}lw tSlsfr~6ff

611fT WfTfitfT a;@~~d;a;65lfi1T ~ Qa=uJUJ a6lJ6lWl4-UJ6516lJa;65lfi1T @ffJl

a=fl;~iruu~i1aGlJ aUfT6"ira!D

Q16rf1UJd; Ikl4-UJ16fT a; @@~fT6U a;fTrflUJ ~1I6U

a;fTGlJw ~fTW~~<OiJ IkLfT~. c!:pd;£/UJWfTfitfT U6lWUfT®W.

WfitfT 65116 re;>(!!j(tl65lGlJU u(j}l~i116w~ a6ll6lW(j}lW. ~~~L6ir


a, 6ff

[EL6lJl4-d;65la;u1r6ir

Ff(j}l U fT(j}l Qa;fT sfr 6ff C!:pl4-UJtt~ au tt a;GlJfTW. ~16fitfT tt 6U 6JiJ!D re;>@ C§!:P6U ~~wd;a;uuLroiJ Q~fTffiJa;6l1ILuULl4-@d;®W 61l) er w U IJ ffiJ a; 6ir Qa;fT

~~UJfT6ir,

®(j}ltiJ

iub, ®~

6r~!D

~l4-U

U65lLuf)roiJ

ctla;®w

U L ffiJ a; 6ir UfT ~ ffJl~~ a6ll6lW(j}lW.

suet ~ ~ 65l ~

uf) roiJ

R"(j}lU tt (j}l

lL6ff6lJ6ff ~ffJl~~ cfI!DUuwa=ffiJa;sfr

[EL6lJl4-~a;uSlWlsfr UGlJ.$(]!:p

QUfT ~6lJfT a; c$6lI~d;a; a6lJ6lWl4-UJ

67f1ir l4-(!!jd; ®wa

!fjfTl4- u1)6ir a;~ lL6ff6ll6ff a; ~wirfl;~d;Qa;fTsfr~W

a;GYf)roiJ U LfT 16U l4~6516W clI16~II~fitfT

~lJuu(j}l£/6"ir!DfitfT. Q~rfl6l./ Qa=uJ~ Qa;fTsfr~~6U. QWfT 1fiI[E651L~UJU Qa;fTsfr6ff6U. tSlvaUJfT £/~166U.

65l6lld;a;UULl4-@~166U @@ 1.

~~~~UJfT6ffWlW

• • • • •

!fjfTl4-UfW a;GlJfl;~65lIJUJfT(j}l6ll~iJa;fT [E<OiJGlJQ~fT@ C§!:p~GlJ ~65l~[EfTl4-~UJ "Q16fT~" 6JiJ£!)Jd;Qa;fTsfr6ffUULL a1665l6lJUUl4-6"ir c!:p~!Da;61f)<OiJ dtbd;£/d; aW65la=uf)6ir ~wuoo

Qa;fTsfr6ffGlJfTt..D. c!:pa;~lIiJ® c!:pa;w a!fjfTd;$)UJ

[E<OiJGlJ c!:p~!Du1r<OiJ 6l1I61f)~~<OiJ. UiJ!61d; a;6lJfitfTWfTa; @@~16<OiJ.

@@ud;a;~II~w

wiJ£!)Jw "iLiFa=rfluLf" ~uJ6l./ 6r(j}l~~d;

a;GlJfl;~65lIJUJfTLIOOI<OiJ R"(j}lu(j}l~<OiJ.

96

2.

Gw~a=uf)6ir [ErriJa;rr~~UJ

@L~
~6lJ~~

u8;a;~filiJGa;rr, c!:pa;~ filiJ ®

6lJr;;v~ c!:pa;w

u8;a;~filfDGa;rr G[Err 8; a;rr ;'DulJI6TdrlJ) Ufbw (]6lJ~®w. c!:p@~wUlrra; LJIJ)r5Ja;~ :L6lJfr [fffr ~6lJr;;v~ [EdrtODffr wdra;@]j8>® ~r§/£i;~ ~!fVjrur;;vfr :LUlfr (]6lJ~®w. u®~;'DGU wrr~iluaLD ~6lJ~iI(!!j~fbroiJ (]6lJ~r;;v8>a;fT :L~[JUJrr®6lJ~ £/[Jrru5)Ul

a;r;;v(D~~[JUJrr@;'Dr;;6]roiJFF@ULroiJ. I/r;;v (]a=~6lJ [ErrlJl-a;m a;mr@!1)JiE@j

a;mr

G[Err <i aD @®:E~

JLuIJUlrra;uu®cildrID~· 6Tdrf!)J urr(!!Ju®~iI

@£i;fb tfi~r;;v~wa;~m

a;r;;v:E~~[JUJrr@6lJ;'DiJ

uxn.Lutit a;m. ~(D;'D a=(D;'DfruuMlroiJ @t.i:(!p~fD~UJ Qa;rrmmroiJ.


[E GiJ r;;vQ;'D tt ®

® 6lSl®wu !}... Lt:8UJrr c£I~8;

:L;'Drr[JlDtRffwrra; [E~ uir ;'DruJfr~~8> Qa;rrmm Qa=rriJa;~m uUJ~

rfI

:LUlfr£i;fb, ;'DrrfjJ£i;;'D QwrrySl[E~Lu5)roiJ

Q])(g8'LWrra; wiJf!)Jt..D

6lJrr@w urrw[J IJ8'~[ErrlJl-a;~

ey>drroJ~r;;vu5)roiJ LJrfiUlrrfb a;®~wUlrr~ 8FL...t.J1-8; a;rrL..L_roiJ

6lSlGYfl ~ ;'DGiJ

:L m 6lJ ett ~
6lJ®wGurr~
~~6m"

~ ~ 6m" u.f) W

Utt ~

ufIa;

~niJaDr;;v~ (]~®tiJ. "Qfbrr~" ILWru/Ul6lJ a;~r;;vILJL~ (]UfT ~ ~~

c!:p8;c£lUJwrrc£lwfJJ~·

Ga=~6lJ [ErrlJl- CfP®6lJfr lLm6lJm~~~6m"UJrrm~GMiF c!:p;'Dr;;vrr6lJ~ ~wfr6l1lroiJ ~(D;'D [EL6lJ1JI-~a;iE@j ..wrrL.!J~w ILuGUJrraD8;a;8; umflUJm6lJ ;'Dri.Jc£lUJ6lJfr",

Qa=rrdJa;~m U)u!JUlrr£/uu~

8in.Lrr~ 61WU~;'D @~

a=(DjlUU;'Dt;D® rEI~r;;vUJ~jlt;D®

~~m

6l1IGYfIiE@jw C!:P~fD lLm6lJm Qurr~ GurrwfD Gurr~

lL;'D6lJW CfPwfDrr®w. "lL~;'DWIT" !L~[JUJrrLr;;6]w ~6lJ~[J ~w~fDILJW

6lJ!:p8;c£lwulJI-

:LW6lJm

~~~1DtRff

Q8'UltiJurrLlJI-dr Qurfl~w (!!JWuuw

IJurr ~

a;(!!j~~8>a;~m cfJIDUUfTa; ruJ[J8>ilILJLdr :L~[JU1fT@tiJ

6lJa=GMffiIa;~m ILri.Ja;~m

8in.Lrr~.
6lJ~

urflwrrr§/8> Qa;rrm6lJfbtiJ®

:LuIJUlrr a;uu@£/drlJ)~.

[Errw 6Trururrf!)J 6l1IGYfI8;a;r;;vrrw.[ffri.Ja;m

U)[JiFcfJ~~a;GYfI~fTroiJ

~~L£i;~

6l1I®wU)UJ C!:P~fD 6TWGM? 6TWf!)J Ga;L@ 6l1J61F1~;'DroiJ G6lJmr@w. 8in.fDrr~ "6lJrr®ri.Ja;m", Gurr~ ~~!:p.$a;

~® CfP®~wuurrL@iE@j

W.$)fPiFJ'iUltiJf!)J@([98i(!!Jw (]8'~6lJ[ErrIJl-ILJL~ a;~tDGlUJfT~~1J)

~ esm roiJ c!:p;'DroiJ ~wfr "~w®ri.Ja;m" C!:PlJI-lLJw.

6l1JroiJ @~

QtDfT~

u5)a;6lJw c!:p8>£/UlWfT~ fbfT®W. cfJr;;v a=£i;tDfruutMa;6lf)roiJ

6TWf!)J u5)a; 8Fc!:pa;wrra; 6lf)(]a=Lwrra; ~~!:puu~

t.fi1a;6lJW(]8'fTa;wfT~ :L~roJuufTa;

IJ8'~

[EfTlJI- !:p~~UfT~ c a;~~ QfbfT~UlLDfTiY.6I lL~[JUlfT@fb6lJ IJ8'~6lJ :LW6lJm

!Lm6lJm~~~6m"<i® lLW6lJm~~~IDtRffu5)6ir @~r;;v.

GJa=6l5Iw@UU~L~

!LfD6lJ C!:P~fD Q8'rrroiJ~

QUfT(!!j~fbLDfTGM c!:p~IJ)u5)roiJ ~6lJfra;@]jLw ~tDIJUfTdrf!)J @drQ~fT(!!j !LcfJtDWfT~ 8'£i;tDfruu~il6lJ 6)"~w

(]ru~@tiJ.
[EfTlJI- CfP(!!jrufr [EfTlJI-

~(]ru8',
~fbtiJIJa;tiJu 6,lt;DCO6ll~a;u5)roiJ 6l1JG8'LWrra; QWfTy5l[E~L~UJ Q;'Drfl6lJ Q8'tiJ~

:LlDtRfffriF.!JILJLdr

CfPdruSl~~

c!:pdr~6lJ8>®wIJUfT~
~~~1DtRff

QfbfTroJQUlfTWr§/~~ 8'£i;fbfruu~iltiJ®

8'(D;'Dfruu~jlt;D® Qa;fTmm

Ul[JIJ UJfTaD~ tDGU ro;JlP fJJwfT~ fb fT(!!Jw • @{i; fb tffJ~ r;;v~ w Ul[J(] UJfTa;
rfjlUJfT~fbfT(!!JtiJ.

G6lJ6W@W.

~(D;'D u®fila;61F1roiJ GU8'UU@W ~c61(D:i1®~;'DroiJ G6lJ6W@W. 6TwfD 6lJ8'GMW ~(D;'D 8'e!fJa;~jlroiJ

~~fTroiJ

6)"tiJID6lJfTf!)JQfbfT~" " (]~®tiJ. ~®w. tD8>uu~

(Tone)

Qwrry5l[E~L

ut;Dc6IlLm6lJm

~~~6m"UJrrww

.!JIJ)UUfT~ c!:p~IJ)u5)roiJU)u!JUlfT£!MUULroiJ rgpuJG)6lJ@~;'DroiJ 6TdrU~

Q;'Dw u®jlu5)roiJ GU8'UU@W 6,lt;Df!)J8;Qa;rrmmuuLL


uut a;fT6m" ~jlroiJ

"CfPG~

6lJ8'GMWfT®w. a;~8;® u®w Qwrryfl<i

~GMfTroiJ ~(D;'D 6lJ8'GMW w~jlUJ


6lJ8'GMwrr®w. Qwrr ~(D;'D

C!:P1JI-6lJ8>® Qa;rr~@6lJ(!!jtDroiJ

~~fTroiJ
rgpliJ6lJ
61~~

lLmm6lJfr

urfliF8'UJwtiJfD

:Lmrum

~~~1DtRff

u5)~

IJu

tt~

8' {i;fbfr Uu~iltiJ(!!J

6)" tiJIJ)6lJrrf!)J

u®f!fIu.f)<OiJ UI[JG;'D8'~jlroiJ

GU8'U

6,liJ fDulJI-

yfl~UJ
6T6irf!)J

Qa;rr@uu~

~Ulwrr~fbrr(!!JtiJ.

:LtDrr[JlDtRffwrra; ":LW~ [ErrlJl-~Ul urrfr~8> ~6lJtDtj;(!!j


g.:)

UluGUJrr a;uu@~;'DroiJ G6lJ6W@W. @wWGwrrfr a=~w8;a;uuLL

lL;'Drr[J6m"WfT a; a;6WlJI-u "wrr!fVj6lJ" u®jla;lD1f}roiJ "wrr~6lJ"

Qa=UJ£/IDrrfr" ~rrf!)J t.fi1a;6lJtiJIJ8'rra;wrr~ ~~

(]a;L...(!!Jt.iJ(]urr~ IJ8'~6lJ [ErrlJl- u5)a;6lJw ~MWfT~ Qa;rr~IJI-(!!j£i;~ QtDrrL~tiJ U)dr~fr 8'£i;;'DfruufdIv;V

6T{6;'D a;cDl8;®w

8'rrUllOl5lroiJLm6lJm~~1DtRff !

Q8'rrroiJr;;vuu@.$)wfD~.

~GMrrroiJ a;~u!JUJrr[Ju 98

61fI611~irUJ(g!lrr "{lja;uurn 6lf)~rr8; ~aQJa: 'ifTrn~ a;~GYr ~rowfriFcf) Qa:tiJ£!rnlJ)rrfr", Q{ljrr(j}lfi,~ "~uSI(!!jLrn (gLD61Ji" WSHW a ~U:::urr~ @roV~r;;vUJrr" (gurrrnlJ) aa:~QJ[Drrl.!J-~UJ LDrriJlJ) (!pUJroV{ljroV @Ii;{lj (ga: 61fI611[Drr '4-ILfL (gurrGirIJ)

~roiJ6I)~

ro a;61fI{lj8;®w
u.f) 6ir

(g611[!)J 'ifT[b{lj ~@

Q{ljrrySl61fl6l) Qa:rUuQJ(g[Jrr Qa;rr~L (gurrir~w

(g u rr~ {ljrr irwrr it a;m, a;ffiJa;rr6lmf)LDrrrr a;m

fYJrnlJ)rrW

[Durra;61fIGYru (ga:fr~~8; (g u rr~

cf)[JLDitif;lixf!jWGYrrr~{ljroV 8in.Lrr~.

(ga:~QJ[Drrl.!J-ufuir aQJ~~

:L 6fTQJ 6fTi;~ 61fI row

fYJ 6ir IJ)rr W [Du ITa; 6lT (g a: IT i;~8;


6lf)@uS)UJrbI a; 61fI6fTU

@j~IJ)ILfW QJ~a;uSlroV {lj~r;;vu~u

Qa;rr m6fTUu(j}l611irroiJ61fI6I). ~{lj<WTrrroiJ :L6fT 611GYr ~~61fIrowUJ rr GYrrn Q{ljrr ySltOiJ


L.D

a QJ6l5M(j}lill. cf)r;;v a:!E {ljITU u ffiJ a; GYf)6iJ ~61Ji" ~~[JUJrrL~r;;v [DL~/liF

~ IJ)UJ a {lj~ QJ8; @jrf)UJ

L L::t ~ 6ir

:L UJIT!E {lj w

rjJ [!)JW ~ @8; a;,

Qa:roVQJ{ljiJ@j (!Pl.!J-UJrrwiJ (gurra;r;;vrrw. Qa:UJiJULroV (grum,(j}lw.

UlGirU!D[!)Ju611<WTrr a;~w, @@~$htOiJ !J611~@W.

~fff)lU611(!pW

(g!brr61flwlI../(!pm6YT ~@6l1<WTrra;@./w

rt1~6I)~LD~UJ
~{ljrnul.!JQ a: iii ~

a:~ {ljrru u ~ /liJ@j

et iJ IJ)QJrr !)J Q]}GYrffiJ£!.i Qa;rr6l5M(j}l [

~6YTQJ6Yr~~~rowUJrrGYrrn
~r;;V

r;;v ~

Lf) 61Ji" Wl fTL. L ~ r;;v

Q u cD [!)J8; Q a; rr 6YT 6fT6iJ umrurr@jW. ~{ljrrQJ~ 6J"iJuLrr15 @ ~ L uf) r;;V

~6fTQJ6Yr~~row a;6I)Ii;~~[JUJrrLroV a;@~Mw ~LDUJrr{lj~Lrn


to rr fi,

[DLQJl.!J-~a;uSlWlw

a;L.LrrUJu

(g a: ~ QJ [Drr '4-11../ W

:L 6fTQJ6fT::t ~ ~ row UJrr GYr l8; @jW W (!p[Jmrurr(j}la;w

Q{ljGYflrurra;blJw, a;(!!j~~ ~~[JUJrrLroV

QJ~ a; uSI roV J) u(] UJrr $Ii;{lj6iJ (g QJmr (j}ltb . Q]}6fTffiJa; rr {lj, Q {ljGYf)QJJ IJ) i Qa;rrmrL [DGiJrDl.JQ{ljrr@ Q{ljrrLrrLJ (!p~IJ)UJrra; ur;;vuJ~uu(j}l£!rnlJ)~. ~!E {lj ~mr(j}l. J)rnWlrrLL~6I)U (!prn (g 611 [!)J [DLrr i;/liF (!p~1J)61fIUJ ~ Q{ljrrySlroV Q{ljfTLfrLJW
61)

£1[J to r;;V

Lf) 61Ji" Wl rr L. L ~

61)

a: !E {ljITU u fi, £1r;;V

QuiJ[!)J.iQa;rrsirC@}w QUiJ[!)J8; Qa: 6iJQJ~

a:Ii;{ljfruuffiJa;C@}w

Qa;rrWQJ{ljWlrr(gL @r;;v@jQJrr@jw.

:LGYrQJ6YT i;~~row~UJ 61115 @j ill ~r;;V cD ~UJ~W r;;v ~

.j)r;;v a:Ii; {ljITu uffiJa; GYf)6iJ [D~L ~L£!6irIJ)~. urf)#,r;;v~~

LDrr cD [!)JQJ {ljcD @j W,

r£1[!)Jfi, ~

£1~

a: 8; @j

i!@Ul..JQ1{lj!D® t.5)6irWlrrLLc;;V (gWcD8in.IJ)UUL.L :LGYrQJ6Yr~row Q a: r;;V QJ {ljcD @j Qa;rr~LQJ~rra;

~wa:ffiJa;~GYr

Qa:liIlI../waurr~

Qa:UJGiJ [DLQJ'4-~a;~UJ
:L 6fTQJ6YT ~ fi,

G'J.ruiY.6la;[Jwrra;~

~ row UJrr GYr1Ji" (!p 6

£1IT!E {lj

ii» u

'ifT(j}l~ QJ W

@(!!jjt;{ljroV aQJmr(j}lw. /l1J)~W {ljffiJ cfI UJ6YT 6YT • ~

~6fTQJGYr~~~rowUJrrGYrro)rn [DLQJl.!J-8;~a;uSJrn {ljrom UJrr IT


Q}') a a: L to rr a;

~{5I!OlJ, w~uurrriJ@j,
Q QJ cD

cifl

w~ ~6VQJ6YT~~~row
@@jt;{ljroV aQJmr(j}lw. 100

a {ljrr r;;V Q}')

~GYrQJGYr~~~rowuSlroV ~GYrQJGYr~~~rowUJrr6fT6ir Q{ljrrySlroV tTi!uSlroV:LUJrr WLLjt;/lroV @(!!juuQJ~rra; @{ljiJ@j a;;[Jroww

101

• •

6T~GlJrr ®(jj)wu~{iI!IJ®w tfj)Gil Q6lI rr (!!j ® (jj)tiJ u fi; Q6lIGtftuu~LUJrr ~ Q8irrm~8i, ®(jj)WU~~8;® urr~UJ~ (] u rr Gir p #wrr~w,~ ®(jj)wuw {fJGir~w,

~{iI

<f)puurr~

®(jj)wu

JDGirw{ilULJ

6l51@u51UJrbJ8imtfj)Gir{f)Jm6'ff~.

tIiJ ® tiJ

{fJ 8; 8i fi; ~ {fJ 6,l iJ u (jj)fi; ~ ti: rr 6lIS21tfj)Gir{f)Jm6'ff~. U!:Jl8;8i6ll!:pMrbJ8i61r ~GirLJ, ~ {iI!IJ®8; OI~tOrn"uLJ ®(jj)wu

05
®(!)1Du
Q{fJrrf:PI~rr~~wUJrr~ ®(jj)wuw, 6l516l1rr !L6'ff6ll6'ff ~~~tOrn", 8i !L6'ff6ll6'ff ~~~~, !L6'ff6ll6'ff ~~~tOrn", !L6'ff6ll6'ff~~~tOrn" (l:PliI-U.fw. ~~rr~ {fJc;ofIJDuiT@ ®(jj)wu, (l:P~p8iGff urr~UJ~ (]urrGirp ®@

!Lm6'ffrrfr(E{fJ ueouxtea

• •

8;8i 6lIf:PIurr(jj)8im, Qurrprrv;mn, ®(][Jrr{fJw,

L61T6U61T ~{5J6tJ)6tJUT

(]6lI{f)JUL(jj) ~~wUJGlJrrw. CF 8if@Jw ®(jj)wu ri.J

(Family Counselling)
!L6'ff6ll6'ff ~~~tOrn"uSI~ OI[J{fJrr~wrr 8i {fJc;ofIJDufr, (]wGlJrr8i Qu~ 8im Qurr (!!jGff sml:«:

6T~ eott ~w

ti:

Wrr{f)JULL~wUJGlJrrw. tfj)(!!j ®(jj)t..iJuw w!iJQprr(!!j ®(jj)t..iJu~{fJ6l51L wrr{f)JuLL~wUJGlJrrw. tfj)(]U' ® (jj) W u (l:PliI-U.fw.

®@ 6T~ (!pGir{f)J OIrf16lJ8i6'ffrr8i 8irrLLuu(jj)6lI{fJ!IJ® OIm~6'ff 8im !L6'ff6ll6'ff ~~~~, ~~~tOrn", c:!P{~wuOl~ (]urr~{fJu OIrA~~ SL6'ff6ll6'ff ~~~tOrn", u~(]6lI{f)J 6lI6'ff(E(]{fJrr fr !L6'ff6ll~

aD [Jrr to tb ,

Lf) [J(] {fJCF W

u: iJ {f)JW

JD L. (jj) 8; ® rr

m 6'ff

6lIGlJW ®~p(E(]{fJrrfr

8iL(jj)8;(]8irrULJ8;®Gff @{fJdJa:;rr8i ~{iI<f)puurr~ tfj)@8;8iU u~urr(jj)

u~(]6lI{f)JUULL

wrrdJpri.J8iGff

@(!!j8;8iGlJrrw.

6l51@u51UJ c:!P{~wUQurrGir{f)J 6TGirU~ ~(E{fJ(E{fJ W8;8iGtft~rr~

@(!!jM

@(E{fJ 6T~GlJrr OIrA6lJ8iGtftS21w SL6'ff6ll6'ff~~~tOrn" U 6TGirp (!pGir{f)J OI[J{fJrr~ L6'ff6ll6'ff ~~~tOrn" 8in.Lrr~. WPM8;

6,l!IJg)J8;Q8irrGff61T d;

(!pGlJ(]w QCFuJUJUU(jj)$)GirpQ{fJGiru~{fJ

8in.liI-UJ JD~GlJQ{fJrr u !:p8;8i6ll !:pd;8iri.J8iGff, CF (!!j wOl [J{fJrrUJ ri.J8i61Trr @(!!jd;8i 8i (l:PliI-U.fw. @~ (]8irrL..UrrLrr®w. W{fJ~~LWlw, 8iGlJrrCFrr[J~~LWlw (]wdJ® tfj)6Iirprr 8i w~ OI~~(E~Gff61T tfj)@ L{fJrr[J~Wrr8i JDrrL..(jj) {fJrruJ, {fJ8iuu6lir, ~(!!j(E {iI @{fJwrr6'tfT @{fJwrr ~ {fJ!IJ8irrlilJ

®(jj)wuw !L(!!j6llrr®w ®(jj)w

6TWlw(]urr~

CFLL rf{ilUJrr8i(]6lIrr, 6T {ilfrurrlilJrr(!!jLGir

~~GlJ~

CFLL rf{ilUJdJp ~{fJ6'tfTrr~ 6T~ @GlJri.J~8i

(l:P~puS/(]GlJrr

tfj)(!!j roLliI-WlGff OIGff~6'ff8i~61T LJ (l:P~pu

6lIrrWou~w

U/Gff~61T 8iGff tfj)6Iirprr 8i @(!!j(E~ 8iGlJ~~[JUJrrL~8irorf1~ $)[Jrrw~{ilWlGff L~[JU1rrL~8iGtft~ 6lIrr@w

urr~8irr~~8;Q8irrGff6ll~w uts. uSl8i6lJw

FF(jj)uLLrrS21w

@GlJrbJ~8iCFwt5i[J {fJrrUJuulil- tfj)@.

u ~~·l.DU

8r(!!j8; 8iwrr 8i 8i(!!jfi;~ uf:PM @(!!j8;8iGlJrrw.

®(jj) wuri.J 8iGff tfj)Gir prr 8i ®liI-~~ Q8irrGff61T8;8in.L {fJU18;8iW~L6lIfr. eutt @w(]urr ~

Q~MUU(jj)$)Girp~. 6lI!:pMri.J8iGff, ®(jj)wu

6Tru..vrr 8; ®@illJUldx::5t..iJ ~{iI cflpuurr~

FF(jj)U(jj)6lI~ tfj)(!!j LJpu51(!!jd;8i ®~p(E{fJ61T6lJ tfj)Girprr.$ @(E{fJ 6l5)@u5)U1ri.J8i~61T

tfj)@8;8i 6l51@u51UJri.J8iGff, 8iGlJrrCFrruu~LJ8im (]6lI{f)JUL(jj) c:!P{~wUJGlJrrw. ~{iI

(!p~(]{fJrrfr 8i@jLGir ~wfr(E~ CF(!p8i(l:PW ®(jj)wu~{ilWlGff ~WlCFrfluu~ ®(jj)wu <f)p(E{fJ{fJrr®w.

6l1!u [Jri.J8i@jW u !:p8;8i 6lI!:p8;8iri.J8i@jW

tfj)(!!j ®(jj)wu~{iI~(!!j(E~

@GirQ6'tfTrr(!!j ®(jj)wu~{iI!IJ® 6T~GlJrr ®(jj) wuri.J 8i@j8;®W U~LJ8iGff

cflpu urr 8i SLGff61T {fJc;ofI~{fJ6Iir~w LGff61T~.

8iL(jj)d;(]8irruOldJ®Gff @6iJ6lIrrg)J QruGtft~(]{fJrr!IJ!Dwrr8i6lJw

cflGlJ Q6lIGtftuu~LU1rr8i

(l:P8i ui rr 8i 6lJ(l:P Gir 61T CF 8; 8irr[J~wrr8i ~(Df[Jd;

11ufI WI Gir

wmUJ

@(!!j (E~
(l:P~L~

6,l dJ u(jj) tb Q CF eutt 8; ® coO ~f:PI6lJuurr~~

®@illJ ~WULJ
103

102

@L.(£i5QCFGiJ~W
:L 6fT 6116fT ~

CFtj~riruur6J<F>Gfr <F>6lir(£i ~tj{f>

@GiJGlJlTwGiJ

@GiJmGlJ.

@j(£iwu {EGrirmw

~ m mr u.f) ~ CBU IT~

. ~ fj, {f> @j (£i tb ~ ~

II m

6"6T CFrf) UJIT<F>

u6iJCB611!!)Juu L.L CB{f>m611$m6fT u6iJCB611!!)JUL.L @~LQ611GTf)mUJ

CF(yJ<F>,:Lu1IrflUJGiJ, 6lSI@j@j1T6"6T wcD!!)Jw QCFGrir{D{f>6"6TTGiJ @j(£iwu8; I $6IT 67 cDUL LJ611{f>i>@j Q{f>1TLffiJ.$rGrir. @j(£iw U

:L6fT

rfj/UJIT

@Sf

~mLUJIT6fTW

{f>1T 8;<F>r6J<F>6YF/WlITCBL :L6lir

LIT@jW

{6/m{DCB611cDcDl8; Q<F>ITGfr611{f>cD@j @j(£iwU~j/cD@j UI[l5.fim6"6T {lfl[lU

Q6116YF/CBUJ

ff m

W<F> 6fT U m

6W U IT6"6T (!pm {Duf/GiJ Ul [lCB UJITail~~


'fPGrir{DIT@jW. 'fP@ @j(£iwu ~mwuulT$ 67 cDu(£i~{f>GlJlTw.

QCF UJ i> u(£i {f>GiJ

WIT i>!!)J611 ySI <F>Gfr CB {f>lSI-5

8"m.L. (£i {DGJlWI Gfr 6T6"6TCB611 tj{f> ~ :L6fT6116fT~~m~

~~j/UJ6lJ.fiUJWIT6"6T ~~ WIT~j;I[lwGiJGlJ,

UITGiJCB611!!)JulT(£i, :L6fTGJlUJGiJ uS/$6lJw {f>611{DIT6"6T cf/{f>{DGlJITLb. @j/6iJ

~611cf/UJWIT <F>~CB{f>m611UUL.L~. @GlJ!6Jm$uf/WlGfr @j@WU 8"m.L.@{D6lJ U@jUUITIU6lJ QCFuJU.fwCBulT!9J @j@WU urotJCBurr

QUIT{DlTmw,

@jCB[lIT{f>w, ~GrirLJ

QUITGrir{D uGiJCB611!!)JUUL.L @jcDIuUlLGlJlTw.

6lSI@j@j1T6"6T8; 8"m.!!)J<F>6IT 8;$~m{f> {f>1T UIT~UJ6iJ ~{f> Q{f>ITLrrLJ

c!:p8;.$rUJWIT6"6T 8"m.{D1T UITGiJ CB6lJ!!)JUITL.mL8; <F> CFWUJW uS/$6lJW UIT~{D6lJ 6ll!!)JmwUJIT

CFwUI[l{f>ITUJWIT6"6T @j@wu!6J<F>m6fT

6lSIL c!:p@~w @j@WU

WIT!!)JUL.L ~r6J<F>~/l6"6Trr ueo

<F>1T[lmrwlT $ .fiGlJ @j(£iwuffiJ$6IT <F>1T[lmrWIT$

Qrulil-~

8"m.L.(£i{D6lJ 'fPGrir!!)J {E6l16"6T@j@wu~j/Wl6IT

CB{f>lTcD!!)J.$rGrir{D~. (Extended

6"6T:L{f>6lSIUJcD{D @j(£iwUffiJ$6YF/GiJ8"m.L CFtjCB{f>IT~wlT$ 6111TI:P611m{f>U.fw ~ @ffiI @j GJl6111T $ 6l1I6lJ1T$ :L6fT6lJ6fT~mmr" dJ)/611dJ UJ w wi>!!)Jw

Family) 8"m.L.@8;
@@uulTrr$Gfr. @j(£iwU!6J$6IT 6l1IGCFLW$ .fi8;$6"6TWIT$
:L @6111T6lJf,5/

@j@wu~j/@JGfr @mmruLJ

j/@uj/UJIT6"6T

@j(£iwUr6J$tDtf)GiJ 'fP Grir{DIT $ ~$rr

(Joint Family)

@jcDIuUlLGlJlTw.1970 6TGrirU{f>6M <F>@~ {E IT(£i $ GTf)r;;V :L6fT6116fT ~f,5/mmr @j@WU @j@WU $1T[l~$6IT

<F>ITGlJffiJ<F>6YF/roiJ "@j(£iLbuw
:L 6fT6lJ 6fT~

'fPGrir{D1T 6111Ty;£r6M{D6"6Trr. ~6"6TlTroiJ 6TroiJeBrotJlT@W:Lml:fJ~f,5/ $ 611{f>i>@j c!:pm 6"6T {DITrr $Gfr • .$r @j(£iWU!6J$6Yr QUIT~~{f>Grir~LD <F>ITu ~ s
:L 6fT

CBwroiJ{E1T(£i<F>6YF/roiJ <:!9{cDIc!:p<F>uu(£i~UuL(£i6IT6fT~. ~ m mr u.f) ~ {Df,5/. dJ)/{f>6"6TTGiJ @j@WUW I ~.

@6'lJrr <F> fr 6T GiJCBrotJlT@W G


~@ $6fT@jcf/UJ~j/roiJ

<:!9{{f>@J6IT QUIT~611IT6"6T 'fP@ {f>6MmW cf/{DUUIT6"6T dJ)/Wa=WIT@jLiJ. {f>1T~UJ!6J<F>m6fT CBCF<F>rfI~~ ~[5{f>8; (yJrotJw @!6J@j ~@ Q {f>GTf)611ITaf)~ {D~ • <F>6IT@@{6{f>6"6Trr. CB{f>IT~ LJ [lIT {f>@Sf <:!9{6'lJcDm{D ~$rr6lJ{f>Grir {E ~ @j

Q{f> tDtf)6lJ1Td; <F>Uu(£iailGrir

@j!!)J.$rUJ $ITGlJ~j/WlGfr

UGlJ {E1T@$tDtf)GiJ CB{f>m6lJUJIT6"6T {f>cD<F>ITGlJ~j/GiJ @GlJffiJm<F>8;@jW

Q{f>1TySlroiJ CBCFm611UJIT dJ)/~wtjf,5/6IT6fT <F> 6l1I6lJ1T :L6fT6116fT ~f,5/mmr $ :L6'fT6116fT~~mmr

t1r;;V
$

uS/$6lJW CB6116lirLuU@.$r{Df,5/. <:!9{mL6'lJ{f>cD® UI[l{f>IT6"6T 67f)$~Q{f>lTySlroiJ LJ[lL.cf/, @j@wu~IIWlGfr QCFGiJ6lJ1T 8;@j 67cDUL.L {E6ll@Sf CBu ITGrir{D

:L6fT6116fT ~~mmrUJIT6fTrr

@611rr <F>6IT@j(£iwu~j/@J6Yr,

ail [lIT W ~ j;I WI Gfr @9w


6lf) c§ @j IT~

!61UJ

{f>m rotJ611rr $ 6fTIT@jW •

GJI UJ roO
61i

dJ)/j/ c!:p8;.$rUJ~~611W

$ 6fT IT$

:L 6fT6116fT~

f,5/ m mr

cf/GlJ QCFroiJ611IT.$@j5 QCF~~~.$rGrir{D6"6T. $GiJ , 6'lJrr~{f>$wUJwlTd;$GiJ uGiJCB6lJ!!)JUUL.L :L{f>IT[lmrwlT<F> CFwUl[l{f>ITUJ~ @j@WU ~@ Qu~~Grir :WL$

Q CFriJ UJIT6lf) L. L IT~ W


611y5I{ELIT~roiJ<'T.>m6fTU.fw w@~~611rr $LmW$m6fT CFL.Lihi/m6"6T6lSIL {f>~UJITW, @j@Lbu, CFWUJ~ dJ)/j/$WIT

Lf) [lCB UJIT$ QCFriJ6'lJj/roiJ $5

rf'1I uf/ GiJ

Q {f>ITyfI rotJIT$

@6lJrr

dJ)/!616lJ m [l $ m 6fT U.fti: , :wrflroiJ ~cf/rflUJrr, QCFITGiJCB611lTrr @fj,{f> ~

:LrotJ$WUJWITd; 67 cDUL.@Gfr6fT QCF~~j/@Sf. WITi>{Dw, $1T[l~$6fTITGiJ ~£Iu11@~

QruciJ!61$~L6"6Trr.

CB6lJ!!)JulT@<F>Gfr @/lroiJ UIT~j/[l~j/@J6IT uj;lGlJIT$

{f>mrotJ6lJrr <F>Gfr, 611ITd;@j5

QCFuJ6lJ{f>cD@j c!:pUJGrir!!)J6IT6fT6"6Trr. dJ)/Grir!!)J6IT6'fT CFWUI[l{f>ITUJffiJ<F>W,$LmW<F>W

Q{f>lTylI~d;@j

67i>UL.L

uf:P~f:PMri.J$6IT, @j@ :L6fT6116fT~mmr

Q{f>1TySlGiJ!9IL. U WIT i> {Dr6J<F>6fT., @[l6lJ $ITGlJW @jm{D~

$IT 6lJGiJ CB6'lJmGlJ$Gfr

'fPruQ611IT@611rflGrir CBCFm611<F>(@9w,QUIT !!)JULJ8;<F>(@9W ~67f)w{6{f>mwUJlTroiJ d!)/6lJcf/UJWIT $u1I@M6lSIroiJ6rnG>IJ. QCFroiJ6'lJ{f>cD@j$1T[lmr @j(£iwu WIT $ ($@d; {f>Grir67f)LD @[6{6/mrotJmw @j@wuw) UI[l {f>1T 6"6TWIT<F> c!:p{l5I611mL{6~ dJ)/mWUmU8;

<:!9{ffiJ$~j/6"6Trr $6IT @j@WU

8"m.L.@{D6lJ8;@j6ITCB6fT

dJ)/{f>WlW @j@W ~~;"<F>6YF/mLCBUJ

{E6l16"6TU.f<F>~j/roiJ 67cDUL.(£i6IT6fT

(Nuclear Family) {f>~8;

8"m.{DGlJlTw. @{f>6"6TITGiJ QUITf,5/~ 105

104

e!JlYJebLq..8;$UUL(£l,,"6YT tMLrn
"[Jj

"[Jjrrw" 6Trn!D 6T~

6'm"8;$@61l)6lJ 6l1/L(£l (] [Jjrr 8; $ 6lJ W , ~6l5f/~~rn61l)W

01.

®<BLDU

~6lJ)Lc;lQJ6TfU

UrfWlT6lmLD

rr roir " 6Troir!D 6T~

6'm" 8; $@ cl)~ rr roO ~ roir !!fl61l)~

Family Spatial Dimension


@rfu(!!j LlIUfErr~ ~<'rLwrr~ (!!j(£lwu~~rjJ(!!j a;@~fErra; @@uutM ~~cfI!Duurr ereoeon (!!j(£lwu~~rjJ(!!jw
!f)>@

Q<'rUJrjJUL6lJW @6lJfr$,," (!p61l)~{EtMm6YTI51fTfr. fEW/rr(]L @ (]w(]r;;vrr ffiJ$IUJ ~rn IL@6lJrr .$!UJm6YT~. @{EfE ~Lq..uu61l)LlDlcoiJ ucoiJ(]6lJ!l)JU ULL ~~~rrcoU (!!j(£lwu urrfr8;(!!jw (]urrtM (!!j(£lwu~~W/m e!Jl eotb ucoiJ (]6lJ!l)J U U L L

<'re!Jl$ LlIu 8=cf)61l)~ $m

ILr;;va;w ~rn!l)J @@uu~rr(!!jw. <'re!Jla; ~61l)WULf8;$,," 6lJrr{jJ6lJtM ~~fE~{Jj' ~Lq..U61l)LuJ)roO

1Lr;;va;w 6TrnutM ~{E~{EfE @@UUfErr(!!jW. IL6IT6l1/UJcoU sreoeott


~@

6trr u!:P8;$ 6lJ!:p8;a;rfua;,,", <'rwLllu fDrrUJrfu$,,"


8in.!l)J6lJtM(]urrrn!l)J

6TrjJuL(£lm6YT

Qurr@6ITrr~rru,

cf)8;$coU$,," , LlIu 8=cf)61l)~ $,,"

$rr U6'm"uxt a; (!!j(£lwu

6l1/c§(§rr6l5f/ (Kurtlewin) "(]a;irLQr;;v6l1/rn"

IL61T6lJ61T ~tM61l)6'm"uSlrn ~6lJcf)UJw [Jjrn(!!j IL 6'm"U8;8in.Lq..UJfDrr $uSI@{EfEtM. LlIu 8=cf)61l)~ a;61l)6YT ifr U u fErjJ(!!j ucoiJ(]6lJ!l)Ju ULL ~Lq..uu61l)LuSlcoiJ U r;;V (] 6lJ!l)J ~61l)w{EfE 1L61T6lJ61T ~tM61l)6'm" Q ~ rr yfI r;;V 6lJ rr ~ 61l)W UJrr ~ STMFI IL61T6l1/UJcoUl1/c§(§rr~ 6 (!p61l)!D $ 61l)6YT

~L$@§W

~@§8;(!!j ~61l)W~tM

6;Jr;D!D 6l1/@wwUJ ur;;V(]6lJ!l)JUULL

@61l)LQ6lJ6YFiuSlcoiJ ~(!!jw. Qurr@~fEwr;D!D

~{EfE @61l)LQ6lJ6YFi8in.Lq..8; (!!j61l)!D{E~ ~r;;vtM 6lJ!iit5lUJ!l)J~~~rrfr. ~fE~rrcoiJ @{EfE (!!j(£lwu~~rjJ(!!j "(!!j(£lwu


eutr 1:P8;61l)a;

U)uiFcfl61l)l51fT$m 6;JrjJu(£l6lJ61l)fE @6lJir (]w~w @61l)LQ6lJ6YFi (Space) IL~Lrr£Jrn!D~·@fErnuLq..

1L61T6lJ61T ~tM61l)6'm"UJrr 6YTfr $,," LlIu(]UJrr $I8;.$!rn !Drrfra;,,". @fEW/"" cfI£J8=61l)<'r!p61l)!DQUJrrrn!Drr(!!jw. (


~[!)Jri.Jam6\) uNurf\orrQllll' ~GLDU
6!ii}efimll

(!!j!l)Jrfu$rrr;;vucoiJurflwrr6'm" (!!j(£lWu cf)£JiF61l)<'r (!p61l)!D u5/$6lJW (!p8;.$iUJwrr~

(][JjULq..UJrr urr ~uLlI61l)151fT 6;JrjJu(£l~tM.$!rn !DtM. a; Q$rr,,"6lJ~ Boundary)

@61l)LQ6lJ6YFi61l)UJ (Family Life Space) [JjcoiJr;;v (yJ61l)!DuSlcoU~61l)W~tM8; @rfu(!!j 6l1/6YT8;a;uu(£l.$!rn!DtM. (!!j(£lwu 6TcoiJ61l)r;;v$61l)61T (Family ~!!fld;tM Q$rrm 6lJtM (!p~r;;vrr6lJ~ Q<'rrll UJu UL 6T~ "Qr;;v6l1/rn" 8rLLq..8;a;rrLLq..UJ,,"6'ffrrir.

(Short term multi Diemensional Family Intervention) (STMFI)


~Q w rf/8; a; rr Q fDrr yfI roO<'rrr IT
IL

(]6lJ~Lq..UJQfErrrn!l)J

6YTlJ6IT~ tM 61l)6'm" UJrr 6YT a; 6Yf) ~ rr r;;V 6 IT ~LL_u5/LUUL(£l~ ~~W/rr(]L ~~8; U~Lf

02.
(!!j(£lwuw ~fE61l)~

c;lLDIT~~U

Urf\olTQIlIJ'LD

-Holistic Dimension
8in.L(£lfErrU~w ~coiJr;;v.

~f}Sl(!pa;uu(£l~fEUuL(£lm6YT

@~fE cfI$l8=61l)<'r (!p61l)!DuSlW/,," (!!j(£lwu 6TrnutM ~@ Ulrf)6l1/coiJ~Lrfu.$!UJ ucoiJ(]6lJ!l)JUlrfl6lJ$,," ~LffiJ£JUJ ~Qa;rrrn!Drra; ~r;;v (!!j 8; (!!j"" (!!jf}SluUI(£lfEcoiJ IL "" 6YT 6TcoU rr r;;v

UluiRfl61l)~ a;61l)6IT (!!jc61uU)LL_ a;rrr;;v~W/m 8; 6Trn~6lJrn!DrrcoiJ <'rrr ~ rr U6'm" W rr $ (!!j(£lwuffiJ$6YFiW/m @§6lJ~®f!E ~<'rLwrr~ (!!j(£lWu <'r~61l)UJ ~f}Sl~ ~rfu$~~~fr (!!j (£l W u

Qa;rrm6YT (!pLq..UJw.@{E~ cfI.$!8=61l)<'r (!p61l)!DuSI~m61T (!p8;.$iUJwrr~ ifr ~tM8;Qa;rr,,"6lJfEr;D(!!j (!!j(£lwu

UluiF.i)61l)~61l)UJ

Q u rr @ ~ ~ (!p61l) L UJfErr ®w • (!!j (£l tb u ~ffiJa;~~~ir ~rn!Drra; (]<'rfr~tMu urrfruutMw

$61l)6YTFf(£lu(£l~fEr;;vrr(!!jw.

$6YFiW/61l)LUJ QfErr LirLf wrjJ!l)Jw 6TcoiJr;;vrru Ulrfl6lJa;61l)6ITUJw u(!!juurrrU6lJ Q<'rrU6lJtMLl?Qwrr~~u

t1I u q ell 61l)151fT~ roir!!fl6lir (] u rrtM ~ d; fE~ fE


uUJrnu(£l.$!rn!DtM.

~{EfEb'fiJ~tM <'r8;~ (!!j61l)!D$lrn !DtM· @!:p{EfE <'r8;~61l)UJ urjJf}Sl~f}Sl{EtM8; Q$rrm6lJfErjJ(!!j

urflwrr6'm" ~6YTsfJL._tq..rn e!Jlr;;vwrr(!!jW•• ®(£lwu ~r;;v.$!rjJ(!!j,," cfl8;a;r;;vrr~ @61l)L6l1/6lri~~ QfErrLfrLf (Inter

t..fxorW(£lwQur;iJ!l)J8;Qa;rrm6YT ®(£It.iJu IL6IT6lJ6YT ~61l)6'm" (!p61l)!DuSlrn e!JlQ)w (!!j(£lwuw ~6IT~$W

ueo ILu(]UJrr $Uu(£l~~uu(£l.$!rn!Dl51fT.

Relation ship) rfJr;;v6lJ.$!rn!DtM. [JjcoUr;;vQ~rr@ @61l)L6l1/61l)~QfErrLfrLf 107

106

@([!jci ®tiJ 6l.I~ 17 ®@tiJ u ~"Wlm Qa;rr~lJj..([!jci®tiJ. ~~ cflcia;roiJa;m, U'l17 iFcfI~GM a;m a;rr1767SMW@t.bu~/lWlG1r ® r§/r;;o@j6l.l~rr®w. ~~wu~u rpyuU'lL..@ urriruu~ cfI{D~~GM rpyc!::prilla;~wu~u uW<i a;u u@{h~6l.I~rr®w.. rpy~a;~wutSl61fr
uxt iJl)Jw~L£i61frI)J~.
6)"

~roiJ r;;oQ~rr ([!j rpycD {J)l~W cDU@£i61frI)JGM. ~~cD®


ett ~rr1767SMllJrr a;@jW,

@([!jIh~
L

~6iJ6l.Irr{J)l @roiJr;;orr~(]urr~ cfI~~GM

uroiJ(]6l.I{J)lUUL..L <!pci£iUJwrrGM

6itTlOfT @5!1fl uJ'L @

@5~

tt w

CF w

§!

ro !1fl ro

c!9IlJj.. u 61fIL U

uf) roV

GlCFUJ!DU@ci)6irI)J~. ~~~

@5!61uJL..61fIL ~lSI-UU61fILUJfTa;

61fI6l.Ii;~i;

rpyc!::prilla;~wu4 (System oIThinking) cfll)J~ <!p~I)Ju51;gJ.llw QCFroiJ6l.I~cD® dl{E~~GM <!p~1)J iL6t1"6l.I6t1" ~~67SMu51;gJ.llw @~ wrr{h il17wcoU su ~a;~GMrf161fr ~L~~

(]~61fI6l.IUJfTGM ~a;6l.I!D Gl~rrLirL/ ~61fILDUL/ @5@wui;/lc;;V :fir;;oQ_J£iroN!D~' @5@wui;/lcoi; @61fIL6l1l61flGM Gl~rr Lir 4, LD!D{J)lW~~6ir :fir;;oQ_J61fIa;61fIUJ @5!61uJ@ e!jJ6tJW <!proN61fI6l.I8;a;C!PlSI-UJw.~~~ .!'i!DUUfTGM @5!61uJ@a;w L6"6ir@. iL~fT17~LDrTa; @5f!5JuJL..@5@w UL~61fIGM @ <!PLlI-'4w. ~fw, @5cDiuJL..IJj..61fIGM'4W LU(]UJrr£i~ QCFUJ6Uu@w C!P61fI )J61fI a;. L.. LlI-8; a; tt L.. L 1 UJ /11)J61fIwUJrra; ~Li; @5@wui;:iI!D@5 ~~iF ciIGw @5!61uuLuu@w LilgGUJrT £1M ~ @5@wu~~w C!PLlI-'4 W . @5crSluJL.. L 61fI @®~~6U (]6l.I6"6ir@w.

~~/lUJ6l.IcflUJwrr@jt.b. ~~

a;rr1767SM /lulIroiJ ~Lrr ~/liF If

iLIOfT6l.I1OfT ~61fI~UJrT6t1"Wl~

Qu{J)lC3ul)Jrra; ®@tiJu Qurr([!j~rr ®@tiJu

iL~rr1767SMwrra; ®@wu~/l61fr ~ri.Ja;~/lGMir U'lG1r~6t1"a;roff/~ ~~~ @!J!:pcFdla;m ~GM~ ~6l.I~GMci

~~r;;o6l.lGMrr a;@jG1r6t1" ~17~61fr~W a;~LrrroiJ ~{D~ ~w~ dlr;;o

~a;uu61fr

®@tiJu~~
1..CJm6M~

~ ~U::t5/~a;u.llirir~w,

/18=

QCF6U6l.I~!D a;rTa; @®{i; ~,7roV ~c;;V6tJGl~rT® @5!61uJL..61fIL ~61fILUJfT6t1"W a;6"6ir@ ucoi;(]6l.Ig)J@5!61uJ@a;61fI1OfT

iL~LUJ6l.IGMrra; ®@Wu~61fr @~~~a;UJ ~a;u uWl<i tlIm~6t1"a;~w ~a;uuWliE@j

@61fIL6l1l61flGM Gl~fTLir4C!P61fI!D @5@wui;:iI~w LIOfT6l.I1OfTi;~61fI67SMUJfTlOfT6ir ~{i;~ Gla;rrW6lJ~LroN ~ @5@wU LIOfT6l.I1OfT ~61fI~uSJ61fr

<!p~I)Ja;w wmp}J<!p{J)lt.D. QCFtUUJ <!PcDu@6l.Irr. ~~~GM

CFIh~rruu~"roiJ ® 6Til17rra; ~crSlIh~ ~17rr ~rr

w~GMIOl5I wcD{J)ltiJ tlIm~6t1"a;m

LU(]UJfT ci)i;~coi; (]6l.I6"6ir@w.

CFIh~,.;-uul!iJa;rorf)coU

~rrUJ~LUJ

a;6itT6t1"<ia;rr~coU Q~rrL";-J)~GM ~a;uuWlci® w~I)J~~ ®@wu.$ CFrr~rr17~ @~~UIJj.. (]~17IJj..UJrr~ @5@WU ~rilla;i;/lGMira;~8;£/61fIL(]UJ Gl~fTLir4 @®i;~coi;. ~c;;V6tJGl~fT®

a; <!P17L..@~~GMwrrGM QCFUJroiJa;roff/GV /'F@UL@jW r§/~r;;o~wu5)WlG1r rpy([!j(]urr~w ~rf1~rr£t~@t.D. 6J~w ®w (]urr6l.l~iJ®w @L<!p~@. ~rill® a;rr~u~ iL6t1"6l.I6t1" ~~~~

~UJri.Ja; WrrL..Lrrira;G1r. ~GMrrGV @~~~a;UJ 8in.L..@I)J@jcfI~!DI ~Ef!{D~


~.$a;

CFWUJ~GV 6l.If::Pri.Ia;uuLrr~LLrrroiJ

~~~wUJG1r6t1" ®@WuG'iwrr~~I)J.$ Q~61f)6l.Irr6l.l~ urr /luU'l~~ @([!jIh ~rrcoU <!pc!::p<i ®@wuw 6JiJu@~~w
1f~1T6OT

CFrr~rr17~ Gl~rTLir4 §!61fr!DrT@5w. ~6t1"Q_J j)1)J~ §!roN!DcoVr;;o (]~61fI6l.Iuu@W(]UrT~ WfTMl17w Gl~rTLirL/ ~L~!D~' 6T{6~ Q~rTLir4w <!P61fI!DUJrT@5w. @coi;61f)fDl). #17!D!D~6l.Icoi; Gl~rrLir4

6T61frGMG'i6l.l61fr I)JrrroiJ®@wu~"roiJ eioueuuxt


~6O)Lc;U16O)QJT

rpy([!j U'l17 iFcfI~~

QCFUJcD urrL@<i a; @~

~~wUJr;;orrw.

03.

®~L...CB

Q~ITLir4U urf\oIT6IIun..o @5@wui;/lcoi; @61fIL6l1l61flGMi; Gl~rrLir4 @5@WLl .!'ii;:il17W §!roN!DfTa; ~8;a;uu@w(]urr~ (]W!D CTm.!DUUt:::L @5!61uJL..61fIL LU(]UJrT£ii;~ urflwrr~uuLlI~{b~ ®@wu~/lGV
109

(Symbolic Interection Dimension)


®crSluJ'L@ ®@wu~/lGV rP"UJrr~ @~LIOl5I~~ G'i~rrL";-4u
~L~~~

~rilla;~/lGMir

rpy([!j6l.l([!j~LUJ
108

GWeD 8>1TL.LUUL.L
®PlUUlL.LQ{EITLIrUl~6!fr ~ffiJcf8>rfl.:i8>UUL.L 8>1TL.L C!:PlSJ-lLfw. {E~6!fr% @

UrfiLDIT6l5M(!pW, @~L6l1I~6!fr%

Q{EITLIrL/W

<fJ!Dfv{E

{EQ))[TGWS2/W

C!:P ~!D

uII roiJ

8>L t..q. 6T Q£l U L/ eu {EcD ®

®@W U d)/ IliJ 8>:'i>t/6!fr fr 8>~ 6lT c!:pUJeD<fJUJ IT8>


~(!!j

®PluJ@8>6IT U6IJ :L6IT6lT6!fr.

~IT 615ir@ruG{E

®@WU

:L6lTru6lT %~61S)6l5Mu.1IGM~[TWU

d)/61S)w£iGM!D~. 04. ®@WU$


6E!:P6)U

<fJ6IJ 8'fv{E1rUUr5J8>6Yf)roiJ ®@wu

d)/6IJ£iW/L.®6IT

urf\oomsn..o {Social Dimension}


@{EGMUISJ-

d)/ ffiJ 8>i;. t/6!fr 61S)T d)/ ISJ- U U 61S) UJIT8> 61S) u i;.~ [ L e

:L

etreu 6lT

i;.~ ~

6l5M

ruWr5J8>UU L.@ C!:PQ£l ®@WU ~t/6!fr ~W t.5I[T iF<fJ61S)6!frUJ $I61S)iOI)61S)LD61S)UJ IT6!fr


8in.L.@%{EITU6!frW 8'fYla; ~iOI)£iroiJ tfj}(!!j uffi/a;IT®w.

{E6l1I1r~~

if. Q 8>IT6IT61f

C!:P1SJ-1Lf tb. <fJiOI) 8' WUJr5J8>6Yf) oiJ 6TroiJiOI)T ®@WU r I

UITIr.:i®wGUlTfPj 8'fYl8> ilf!)Jru6!frffi/a;6IT ®@WU%t/W/6IT Q{EITLIrL/u@£iGM!D6!fr. d)/{E6!frlTroiJ{DroiJ6IJQ{EIT(!!j ®@wu


8>L.!SJ-6T(!:pUL/ru{EIjjDl8>GM!DlTroiJ~fv:'Efv:'E

G{D[TISJ-UJIT8>Gru
d)/6IJ® tfj}GM~!D

d)/iOI)®8>6Yf)6!fr~W
@~ STMFI @LW

d)/r5J8>~t/6!frir 8>W d)/roiJiOI)~ <fJiOI) uir 8>6IT @{EeD8>IT8>U G

ur5JG8>eD8>iFQ8'uJUJ C!:P1SJ-1Lf w. Qu@£iGM!D~.

t.5I [Tif <fJ61S)6!fr u.1IGM{EGM61S)W61S)UJQUIT @~~ U

8'fYl8> iI!!)J6lJ6!frffiJa;~R~LuSI<oiJ @~

[D6iJGvQ{EIT(I!j Q:'EITLIrUl~6!fr

6)"eDu@~roiJ Grumr@w.

dPlt/8>61fciiroiJ

~UlWIT6!fr {§I!J)JGll6!frMGYfiGM ~L Q{EITLIrL/ 8>L.!SJ-6T@uuuU@rufPj C!:P$r£)UJWIT 6!fr{E1T®t.D• :L {EIT[T6l5MWIT 8> etG W :L 6ir fifT U L i;{i/~ 6l5M
8>ITLL6IJITW.

c!:p61S)!Du.1IGM c£!:p :L61fru6lT ~~61S)6l5M

Q8'uJlLfw

GUIT ~

d)/fv{Efv~

d)/r5J8>~t/6!frir 8>@jiF.8>IT8> d)/t/ ~8'LWIT6!fr

@iOI)$®iF. G8>lTir61S)ru~GM61S)!D

G8>lTImroiJ ~ £i[TITW G8'~ruUJlTfifTlr ---+~ 8>lTrflUJIT6IJUlW

~UJlTrfl8>8> Gru615irIJl-UJ 8'fv{Eiruur5J8>6IT :L615ir@. ~~ru8>fifTlTru6!fr.


1. 11.

t
~6liJU%t/rfl

.,_

UITL8'IT~6IJ

!6~ L

8>ITGVW®@wu~i16!frir

8>6IT ~GM@ 8in.1JI- eutt !:p:$roiJ.

tfj} bilQru IT(l!jru(!!j$ ® u5)8>GlJ Qru6Yf) U U 61S) UJIT6!fr c!:p61S)!D.1IroiJ W L u


Gru~61S)6"61, d)/GML/ GUIT GM!D :L6l5M irGlJ8>61S)fifT Qru6Yf)u.1I@~roiJ.

HI. IV.

~6iJQruIT(l!jru[T~
Q8'~~~~roiJ.

~romUUL.L

:$GM61S)W8>@j8>®W wt/uu6Yf)~{EroiJ.

~6iJQruIT(l!jrurfl6"61~W

6l1I(l!jUL/, Qruf!)JUL/8>W UeDuSId)/t/8> 8>ru6"61W


Q~ITLfrUIT8>

05.

6)6\)1T6ITIJ urf\olTmno

{Cultural Dimension}
v.

®@t..iJu

{DLrut..q.8;61S)8>

~6iJGrulTfr

®@WU

6TroiJ6tJlT®@wu

~®8>~$®6IT~W @!E{E ~t/8> @(I!j$®W [lfJ~iOIJ~W

QUITfPJ6UIT6!fra;iOIJlT8'lT[T~L/8>6IT u ®@wui;{i/!iJ® wPl$ ®@wuw ~ffiJ8>%t/6"611r8>6IT


Q8>IT6W@ vu,
Vi.

d)/r5J8>~i16"61ir8>@jW :$W~ 8>(I!j~6lfI~iF. 8in.!D @LW6Yf)~:$roiJ. ®@t..iJu QUIT@uL/$8>W 8'LDWIT8>U

@(I!j$aD~!D~. wITf!)JuUL.L~WILfW. ®@wu%ilW/6IT


~~ru8>~6lT

8'fv{Eiruuffi/8>GYfiroiJ®@wu 8>iOIJlT8'lT[T U6WL/8>~6lT

Ulrf)!6~

Q8'roiJru~cD®

ruIfJ/UJ6lfIW{D:$roiJ. G:$6lfIru8>6lfIfifTILfW, d)/ru<fJUlr5J8>6lfI6lTILfW 8i-~fvi1[TwlT 8> Qru6Yf)u.1IL :LeD8'1T ~L@:$roiJ. 8>


Vlll.

uroiJGruf!)Ju

UL.L

QUIT(l!jL.U@%{ElTfPj Q8'UJdJu@w (JUITfPj ®@wu%ildJ®6IT Ul[T ;Hf)~6!fr 8>6IT 6TW rumuu L/6W@. :L{EIT[T6l5M WIT8> {E@GlJ{EroiJ,@{EW/LGM 8'WU{D{EUUL.L
Q))WIT$8>6IT

Gruf!)J w{E%iI~6!fr%

®@wu

d)/r5J8>~t/6"61ir 8>6Yf)6lfIL (JUJ {DroiJGVQ~IT(I!j Q~ITLirt.5l6lfl6"61

if,

®@Wu~W/6IT {DL~, QurflfPjw c!:p~Lru{EdJ®

GUIT6M!D 8>1T[T~8>GYfi6!frITroiJ ®@wu


ruITlUUUl(l!jR6MfJJfPj. 110

8in.L.@fJJGlJ

8>L.1JI- 6TQ£lUL/:$roiJ.

III

lX.

®@W w~,

~ffiN.b~jl61rrir(Jj@j$® aurr6"6l~U QUrr(!!jL$6fr

~6lJir$SfT~

IiiTjlirurrirUL/8:.$6"6lSfT

02. 03.

$rrrDVW WL@UU@~ULL
®@ cfl.$(56"6lCF

®!::puuw

CFrrir[6{lj cfl.$(56"6lCF(!p6"6l!D

W$6lJW Q~6YFI6lJrr61rr Ni£!u1JcoiJ Qru6YFIu1J@6lJ~cix§ @LJi,I;)$rr@~coiJ.


X.

wciJ[f)JW urr6l5'1UJcoiJQ{ljrrLirL/$6fr

U eDi!fI UJ $ (!!j ~ ~ 8:.$ 6"6lSfT fillturf)~{ljcoiJ.


Xl.

uSI $ 6lJ W

Q ~ 61fI6lJ rr 61rr (!P 6"6l!DufI roO fj(!!j uciJaSl @{lj~ ®@wu ~{ljeD® $@iE~ CFrr{ljrr[f6W ®@wu $aSfTrr iLSfT6lJSfTiE~6"6l6W fillti£! (!p6"6l!DUJrr@jw. ®@wu $6lJ61rrW ~ffiJ$~i£!61rrir QCF[iW~jI $6fr 'iP@ruiJ[frr @~~ !I£liF6"6lCF 'iP~i!fIWJm

IiiTroOarDVrr(!!j8:.®W CFWWrr$ ~6"6lWUJ8:. 8in.Lq..UJQurr~6lJrr61rr 'iPc!:p8:.$ ~6"6lWut.5I6"6l61rr 8:. $LLq.. QUJ@UL/{lj6iJ. ®@WU ~ffiJ$~jl61rrrf)6"6lLaUJ $(!!j~~ (!p[f6lRirurr@$m, QCFfillt W@~~

iLSfT6lJSfT~~6"6l6WuilWJ6fr awciJULL6lJrT

XU.

$rDV[6~6"6l[fUJrr@{ljcoiJ.
XUL
XlV.

(!p 6"6l Dufl6iJ {lj6"6l DV ! r u1@ QCFriI UJ (!pLq.. UJw. 6lJrrW~6iJ. ~Lq..6"6lWUULL 6f cD U L. @ {lj$UU61rr w~6lSI!D® w!D[f)Jw Q.$rr6frSfTrDVrrw. Mrr.$ ®@Lbu 6lJrr@w

s: {ljrr [f6W ustt $ w~6lSI ciJ®


~rDV®, ~.$uu6ir,

iLrflUJ (!p6"6l!Du1J6iJ fj(!!j6lJ(!!j8:.Q$rr(!!j6lJir ®@WU ®@WU Q$SfT[f6lJW ~~UJrr6fr wjlUL/ iL6Wi:rQ6lJrr~6"6l!D8:. $LLq.. IiiT@UL/~6iJ.

®@wu

uciJaSl 'iP@ CF8:.jl6lJmll[6{lj Q~6YA6lJrr$

m SfT

~ 6"6lL.D U L/ (!p i!fI6lJ

f!fl6"6lrDV W 6"6lUJ 6"6l

® 6"6l!D~ ~ 8;
®@wu @~!D$rr.$

Q$rrm6lJ~!D$rr$ ~ffiJ$~jl61rrrT.$6"6lSfT FF@U@~8:. ®@Lbu ®@Lbu 1iiT@~~8;

~Lq..6"6lWUULL

XV.

urr~jI[fffiJ$6YA~

{DLq..WffiJ$6"6lSfT (D~®

CFWU~~UULL6lJrT.$6"6lSfT

fillturf)~{lj6iJ. ~wrf) 8:.$Q~rr

y)/roO eutt 6lRir6"6lWUJrr 61rr


iLSfT6lJSfT~6"6l6Wu1J~ ®@WU

a, SfT6lJSfT~~

6"6l6W UJrr SfTrT$6Yf)~ aWiJ

iLSfT6lJSfT~6"6l6W ~.$(iJ® Qru~UJ Q.$rrm@jw

~r6J.$~61rrir.$6fr

uxt ~i£![fwcoiJrDV

CFr6J$W, ®@t1Ju $rrLLUULL aurr~

$W (!p~6"6l6lIMUUL....®6frSfT
Q$rrmSfT

@(!!jUU6lJfr$6"6lSfTUJW CF~{ljrTUUf!iJ.$@j(!p6l5ir@.

ILSfT6lJSfTiE~6"6l6W ~61rrrrG'iJ

8:.®

@rDV8:.®$6"6lSfT, ®@WU

iLSfT6lJSfT~~6"6l6Wuil~ weD [f)J W QCFtll~ ®@w U

.$rrrDVw

a{D[fLq..UJrr$ iLuaUJrr.$(~~8:. $@j6"6lLUJ ®@WU

(!pLq..UJW. t.5I[f5cf16"6l61rr6"6lUJiE u5/$6lfW aweD

WL@UU@~{ljUULL (DLrr ~uu@.$(~!D!9l.

®!::puuw

CFrrfr[6{lj cfl.$(56"6lCF (!p6"6l!D, wciJ[f)Jw @j@ a 6lJ [!)J U U L. L (!p 6"6l!Duf) G'iJ

a {ljLq.. ~ i!fI ~ ~ ~ffiJ$~jl61rrrT {DroOrDVQ~rr@ 8in.!DUULL

Lf) [f <!F .i)6"6l61rr fI m u

~m 6"6lu:

.i)$I<!F 6"6lCF (!p 6"6l!D @6"6l6lJ.$ 6"6lSfT6lf) L

rE/6"6lrDV6"6lW6"6lUJ U®UUmll6lf @!>!::p6"6lrDV ~6"6lW~~8:. UUJ~U@~~rDVrrW.

Q$rr6fr6lJ~eD®

@rDV8:.$ a$rrir6"6l6lJuil6"6l61rru

02.

c!DrT6UW LDL.(BUU(B§;§;UUL.L
@6m[!)

®!:Puuw

6rTiTffi§; 1f~66m6

@~

STMFI

(!p6"6l!Duil~

£w

uUJ~u@~{ljuu@W

6l5laCFL

®@wu ~~ {lj6"6lrDV1@ u 06 @~

STMFI cfl.$(56"6lCF filltjl(!p6"6l!D$6fr


e!:P~[f)J u®jI$SfTrr$

UrDV IL6frSfT61rr. ~6"6l6lJ$6"6lSfT t51[f ~rr61rr (!pLq..UJW.

cfl.$(56"6lCF(!p6"6l!DQUJrr~!Drr®W. ®[f)J.$(UJ $rrrDV~jlW1m 6T@ ~~ Lf) [f if QCFtll6lJ{ljrr®w. £I!::p6"6lw.$m

@r6J®6frSfT cfl!Duurr61rr u6lRirurr.$ 8:. Q$rr @LW

t51rf)iE~8:. $rrLL

!I.$(56"6lCF8:.® ®@wuwrr.$

~6"6lrDVuSlL@ (DL6lJLq..8:.6"6l$$6"6lSfT

!I 6"6l61rr$ 6"6lSfT ® 6"6l!D ~ . ~


lFrr~rr[f6W

m 6lJ{lj!D ®

@@~{ljrr6iJ

@{lj!D$rr.$ @@uu~rr.$

~SfT6lf

.$rrrDVw IiiT@UU{lj!D® 113

112

a=wu!iJ~LDrrw ®(j)lwu a~~6lJU

~[JrrtUiF~ !D~.

f§>6'ir6l6'ir e!:P~w Q~6Yf)6lJrr$l6'ir!D~. eIlafl<i=~a= ~[JW

Qurf/UJ

07.

®@~~~~6lJrr
6J" ~ w UJ

(Team Leader) ~~~6lJ[Jrr8;

Qa=UJrj;u(j)l6lJ~Lrn LDiJ [!)1 W


6J" ~
W ILl

~~®
u(j)laf/w

f§>6!ir!Drr8; @®!iJ~rr<DiJ 31/2 LDrr~8;rr~ @6lJrr8;~61T

~6lJ8;rra=W

ell af/<i=~ a=UJrr 61T 8; 6tT iT


6lJy5I8;rrLL<OiJ®@~

U/u U~iJ ® C!:PW wiT

:L61T6l5'tUJ~rr61Trr8;r;;yf)wrr<OiJ fEL6lJlS/-~8j8j6ir ®61uUlLL a6lJ~

aLD~8;rr6ir61Tuu(j)lw. 8;~!iJ~~[JU1rrL ®@6l5'tw[Jrr<OiJ

!L61T6lJ61T~~1iilRff i/~~UJ#l!iJ@j 8in.LLQLDrrrn~!D

~w~

®(j)lt.i:u rrti/uS/<OiJ

~~~6lJ[Jrr<OiJ fELrr~~uu(j)lw.

~Lrr ~~ ~L6lJlS/-8;~8; 6T(j)l~~<OiJ 6lJ~(j)lW. a i/[!)16lJW ~ti/W/6ir @~rj;8;rr 8; ®@~ ~~~6lJrr

(T.L) 6T<DiJ~rr ~LDir6lJ8;6Yf)6'ir @[!)1ituS/:gww Qa=U1rj;urr(j)l8;uYrU®uurrtU6lJ fELrr ~~uu(j)lw. ~~~6llG[J


03.

lS/-UJ ~wa=riu 8;uYr 8;6lJ6lSf'I8;8;U L (j)l !L61T6lJ61T~~1iilRff U ~ Qa=uJ~<OiJ, ~$IiF~a= @it<OiJ ~~~6lJ[Jrr 8; Qa=UJ!Du(j)lU6lJ®W ®@~

!L61T6lJ61T ~~~1iilRff

f§>®6lJir (Team Leader) {bIUJu5I8;8;uu(j)l6lJrrrr. c!:p~~rr6lJ~ aurr~ ®(j)lwu Ul[JiF~~W8;6ir 8;6lJ~LD(j)lMuu(j)l$lrn!D~. 01.

8in.LL~itrn

a=wu!iJ~LDrr8; .$i::Pru®w ~Wa=riu8;uYr urj;61 (®(j)lwu 6lJ[J~rr[!)1, ®(j)lwu~itrn

(T.L) ~®w.

®(j)lwuw 6Trn!Drr<DiJ6Trnw? ~lS/-UU~L @UJ<OiJ4) ~~~uf)(j)l~!iW c!:p~!D8;~W

®(j)lwu 02. W, cIJ$liF ~a=uf)6!ir a~rr 8; 8;c!:pW LDrj;[!)1W 6illit

~riu8;~itwrr8;~61T 6llIaa=Lwrrw

f§>® ®@6lJrr8; 6T(j)l~~ !L61T6lJ61T~~~1iilRff

Qa=tU~<DiJ @!iJ ~ c!:p~!Duf)6!ir Q8;rruYr61TuuLL ~8j6'fTrr6lJrn.

<£I:P fEL 8;$I6!ir!D~.


10 ~Wa=riu8;uYr

crow ~[Juu(j)l$l6'ir!Dm.

~~rj; 8;rr 8; 6J"!D [!)18;

04.

f§>ruQ6lJrr® ~ffiJ8;~"w®d;®W !L6tT61T Qurr[!)1u4d;8;6tT, i/U!iJ;$~W8;~61T ~61~8; Q8;rr6ir61T<OiJ. ®(j)lwu~

&i/riu® :L61T6lJ61T ~~~IiilRffUJrr61T ®Lrn 8in.lS/- ®(j)lwu cf1~"[J~~~ ~~W8;8;uuLL~rn

®(j)lwu

~riu8;~~6lJrr 8;6ir f§>rn{!).I ®(j)lwu cf1~it[Jt.D &i/UJ<OiJ4,®(j)lWU~~8;@j ~riu8;~itwrr8;~8;@j

~~wuurrir8;6tT. ®(j)lwu

05.

tim-

W[J<i= eIl~W8;6tT

a=w u~ ~wrr8; ~riu8;~itwrr8;6Yf)rn

6T!DU eott 6lJUJ~

Ul6'ir Ul[JiF~~wuf)6'ir

~riu8;~itW®8;®W ~6lJ[J~

;$6lSf'I~ ;$6lSf'IUJrrw ~$IiF~a=

~6Yf)uu6lJrr

6J"!DULlS/-®8;®W @6'ir~!DUJ Ul[JiF~~w 6l5't61Triu$l8; Q8;rruYr61T C!:PlS/-UfW.


02.
@<BLi>U~~L6Ur

f§>®6lJ~[J i/UJu5I~;$<OiJ. riu® ®(j)lwu @ ~!iJ~6YiJ~~,8;<OiJ6l5't,

Q;$rrtf/<OiJ a=e!:P8;~it<OiJ~6lJ[J~

wituUl~w 8;6lJW ~it<OiJ 6T(j)l~~ ~;$rj;8;rr 8; ~$IiF~a=UJrr61Trr f§>®6lJ~[J i/UJu5I~~ Q8;rruYr~~<OiJ


06.

CSefrffi~

~6\).$@~6U)61T

c!)t6U)LD~~a:,

Q~rrm61T6U ®(j)lwu~it<OiJ @~8;®8;~61T 6T1OiJ~rr ~riu8;~itwrr8;~8;®w ~~W~~8; ~6lSf'IUJrrw ~!Duurrm 6T1OiJ~rr

®(j)lwu

Ul[J iFcf1mw

a= wufij ;$LDrr8; 6J" ~WUJ

Q;$rr tf/<DiJ8;6Yf)1OiJ

FF(j)luLlS/-®UU6lJfr 8;~61TUfW FF(j)lU(j)l~;$IOiJ.:L;$rr[JliilRffwrr 8; (rCit ~!iW6lJ~rr8;6ir, @~!D6lJrf/ !L~itaUJrr8;~;$fr8;6ir, fE6'ir~L~~;$ ~:gw6lJ<OiJ8;6ir,LD®~~6lJrr 8;uYraurr 6'ir!D6lJrr ;61Trr®w.) 8 114

Q8;rr6ir61T C!:PlS/-UfW.@;$W/rraL

115

05(E)wu cMrf,N.JjitJj;!GMrr i6mWILfW UI!]" ;F<fl~GM6mUl Irr itJ:{!)I8;Q8ifT6'ff6lJf[>rj;05 8 FF(E)UfT(E)Q8ifT6'ff6lTiF G'/8'uJf[>~fT05w •• @:{!)I UUlW6'ff6lT ~([!j c!:p~!DUlfT05W.

~C!:£lrfu8i~LDULJ~8;

Q8ifT~(E)6lJ(!!j6ll:{!)lL~,

cM{!jrj)a:,fT c!:pGirUl([!j{6{!j [bcoix.;v 8i

@~L6l5I6mGMitJ QfJ>fTLrr,j)~GM j;!([!jL.bU6lJW 6l5I([!jitJj;! Q8'uJ{f>CoV6lJ~(E)w. a


07. ®C5Li>u 6TC;\)fim6\)o$6IT ~~6Ur o$m(!)l
o$LLfimLDu~.!i;,a;6IT

@~6\fuJ
umoi'

6l.IIDfim[D a;6l.I6mLDlTo$ ~fimLWIT61TLi>

a;1T1imc;\). ~~
~6l.IAUrC5Li>.

8iLIJI- 6TC!:£luUlUl @~8;058i6mW @ffiJ05 !fj~LQug)J£I~!D:{!)I. cMaSI~LLuuLroiJ 04.


®muut.L6l.IIT
Q8wmuC5~ro

cM~LtE:{!)I

Q8ifT6'ff6lJf[>rj;05 6l5/(]8'LLDfTGM ~UU~LUU:{!)I 6frj;g)J8;


08.

6l.i'61T.$a;~~L6Ur

Q8WmULc;\)

8iL6mLD8i6m6lT cMtEf[>tEf[>05(Jj)wu cMrfu8iitJj;!GMrr 8i@j8;05 Q8ifT 6'ff6lJf[>rj;05 C!:P1JI-1Lf GM 6lJ6m8iuilroiJ 05(Jj)wu LDfT a6lJ~(Jj)w.

@tEf[> 8iL~LD8i6'ff 8rUl 6l5I([!juUI~ulJI-

Uc;\)~6l.I(!)IULL

ulT!J'Li>urflw @fim[D.!i;,®

QUIT®~~LDIT6m

cMffiJ i itJj;!GM rr 8i@j8;05 8

6l.Ifima;W'c;\) U)r~WIT ~~~ro

!Lf[>fT!]"5m"LDfT cflriu8i6lT f[>u5IW '-W6lJ([!jL 6.>1IWfT~6lJ UW8;8i6lJW8;8iriu8iW, 8i


a;fim61T 6l.i'®~~rr61TIT a;61T1T; a
a;6U'Of'~~

8'wUI!]" f[>fTUlrfu8i6'ff UfT:{!)I8ifT8;05W 6lJ~8iuilroiJ !fjLfT itJj;! 05(Jj)wuitJj;!W/6'ff @:{!)I6lJ~!]" tI([!jWU6lJW @6V~fTtI([!j~f[> :LmirLfT @~Lcl)~GMj Qf[>fTLirLJ cl)([!jjj;!~Ul
>

8;$18; Q8ifT6'ff6lT !Lrj;8'fT 8iW 6T(Jj)itJf[>roiJ.

UI!]" iFcfI~GMILfL6lir

8'WU(fJf[>LDfTGM sreoeott a8'~6lJ

!fjfTlJI-8i@jW 6l1I([!jjtl u(Jj)u:i. cM~ f[>tEf[>


09.

Q8'uJUl a 6lJmir IJI-Ul cl)([!jjtlUl

fTwir 8i6lTfT8i 8i~.$8iU

6l5I([!jitJj;!8'tEf[>rrUUrfu8i6'ff LDL(Jj)W 05~!DUfT(Jj)8i6'ff LDj;!UU(Jj) Q8'uJUlUU(Jj)W. cflffiJ8i6lT f[>u5IW LJjf[>fT6WlJI-6lir aUfT:{!)I Q6lJrj;aSI~~
05. ®C5Li>u6l.i'fim61TWrrL(5.$a;fim61T
UW6UrUC5~~~6\) 1P~6fim8

8r([!j6'ff 8i6'ff Q8ifT(E)j:{!)l

@fim[DWITa;u

LD6lir6l5f)ULJa6lJ~1JI@tEf[> 8'tEf[>rruuitJ~f[>

tb/rj;Uf[>~ (!P~W UI~UlfT £Iuu~f[>

Q8'uJf[> f[>6lJ~!D j;!([!jitJj;!8; G'/8ifT6'ff6lT :Lf[>fT!]"5m"LDfT 8in.!D~fTW. 8i

05 (Jj)tb U j:{!)l L 6lir cl)~6lT


tu tr L

8' t..D U

~ f[>LDtt GM cl)a!fj
tr 8i

tt f[>

6lfI~ 6lTtu tr L (Jj)8; 8i ~ W


tu tr $1.$ 8i~fTl.iJ.

(Jj)

8' tEf[>rrU

U c!:p~!DUl

UI!]"a

cM~ f[>~ 16 cMtlc$LDfT GM 05(Jj)WU cfI$liF


~8'

05(Jj)witJj;!w6'ff c!:p8;$IUlLDfTc$ 8i([!jf[>Uu(Jj)w 6l5/(]!fjfTf[> 6l5I6m6lTUlfTL(Jj)M6m61T @f[>rj;C5fT UUl~U(Jj)itJf[>~fTW. c$


06. ®0Li>u
~fimLDUfimU

j;!LLitJj;!6lir

au fT:{!)I Ul6lir WfT LL<OU Qf[>fTLrrLJ

8iLLfTUlLDfT 8i tb/c$Wf[>roiJ 6lJ6W(Jj)W. !fjroiJ~Qf[>fT([!j ~61FI~LitJ a

6lfI ([!jj
6J® 6J!!>r6Ja;fimLDUU'ro
LDITm(!)l~c;\)

tI,

05(Jj)wu

c$L L ~LD U LJ

tI([!jw

U 8i L IJI-QUl C!:£l U U UL (Jj) U U~ LDfT rj;!Driuc$fm61T f[>fT@jw. 6lJtEf[> U1:P8;c$ Q8'uJ:{!)I

LDj;!UUfTuJ6l1Irj;05 :LLu(E)itJ~roiJ

a6lJ6W(Jj)W. @riua8i

8'tEf[>rruuitJj;!rj;@j 6frj;!D6lJfT£f)l !fjLitJ~f[>roiJ ~cflUlLDfTGM @ffiJ@j 6Teoeon 05(Jj)wuitJj;!W6'ff@jW 6lJW8;c$ffiJc$6'ff, !fjroiJ~ @fmL~fmGM
117

05(Jj)WU ~C!:£lffiJ058i6'ffc!:p{!5I6lJ~LtE:{!)I @([!jUUf[>GMfTroiJ @.$c$LL6mLDULJ LDfT £f)lu UL(Jj) @([!j~f[>fT6V cMf[>iJ8ifT c$ j;!([!jWU6lJW
116

U tt:{!)I8ifT.$8iUUL(Jj)

05(Jj)wujfmf[>

~([!j

Qf[>fTLrrLJ8i6m6lT 6l1I([!jjj;!

Q$rr sir GllfljtjJCf!J (!PllJ-1LJ uur $ (] Gll6lflST@W.

@®tEfljrr

roO ~fljeD $rr $ @j@wu~;iI~

$ Gll6"6TQw@ ~ fljroO

rEI[J {6 flj [J us rr $

!E L rr i;tI Q a=roiJ su 8; 8in.llJ- UJ Q flj rr L IT Lf


$

GllrovUJ~;iI<WI6"6T;;!; fljUJrrrftu !ffi rr 6lflST llJ- cll@fljroO :L 6YTGll6YT i;!ffi <WI ~ ;ilCD<WIW$61Trr@jLD.

UfljeD$rr

(]a=<WIGll !Err llJ-$<WI6YT

ffl ® .:f)CDtEflj Qflj rr y5) roOeu rr 6lflST<WI UJrr 6"6T @j@WU W UJrr 6YTrfJ L W @®.$ $ (] Gll6lflST llJ- UJ 6lf/(] a=L

®@

06
1f~W16UIT6tJ1' L61T6U61T~~6tD6IJDT
(Group Counselling)

Qfljrr y5lroOeu rr 6lflST<WI UJrr 6"6T :L 6YT W Gll6YTi;!ffi <WI~ <WI J ~[Jrr U flj~UJrrsir @j@WU Q $ rr 6lT6YTU u@ UluGUJrr$ls$$UULL @j@ :L 6YT Gll6YT~!ffi~~

ILJW (] U rr ~ $8; U @j@W

an~

WeD{f)lW CD!ffi • (]urr!ffiw

@j@

:L6YTGll6YT ~!ffi<WI~ a=(6 flj IT @j@

UI[Jfljrr6"6Twrr

aD rov
~rr{f)l

U U ffiJ$ 6lfI roiJ

:L 6YTGll6YTi;!ffi <WI ~

uf) ~

(] U rr !ffi

:L 6YTGll6YTi;!ffi <WI ~ Qa=uJUJUU@Gll!ffi

(yJ <WI D C

@j@WU;;!;<WIflj ~6Mrr <aU

@j@Gllrr $ 6T@~!ffi :L6YTGll6YT~!ffi<WI~ @fljeD@j Q$rr6WLfljrr@jW. ueo Qa=UJeDurr@$~61TILJW flj~UJ rr <WI6YTcllL @j@

Qa=uJILJW (]urr ;ilrovrr@jw.

uut eDCDwrr 6"6T (] {hrr 8; $ffiJ $<WI6YT ILJW.

(]u tT $<WI6YT 6T@~!ffi

:L6YT Gll6YT~!ffi<WI~uSl<aU

FF@U@Gll!ffi {h<WIL QU{f)l$lm FF@UL ~[Jwu~ (!P ~

:L 6YTGll6YTi;!ffi ~ ~

6T 6"6T U u@

an~

CD!ffi·

@!ffi

(!P <WID UJrr $ 6lJ W • !

(!P <WID UJ tjJ CD!ffi ui rr 6"6T ! eu [J rr roiJ


Q a=UJ tjJ

(!P <WID $ !

arfIliiJ

CD!ffi. (!p<WI!DUJrr6"6T fflm!Drr :L 6YTGll6YTi;!ffi <WI ~

$ @j@ :L6YTGll6YT~!ffi<WI~uSl<aU

tiL L

ffiJ$ <WI6YT

;il6l5I®tE!ffi $rrrovw

$<WILJlGll<WI[J ;ilLLu51L@

Qa=uJGllfljrr@jw.

@ffiJ@j
6'fT' $

$ 6V!6!ffi <WIJ UJrr L [ Gl5ILUJffiJ$sir, 6T~ u~ ~~ ;ilLLt..fjLuu@$I~!D!ffi'

U u@w
(]urr~

flj raJ) UJrr 6lT. $ su tE!ffi <WIJ UJrr L [ !D6TroOrovrr :Lsir6YTL8;$ffiJ$@Jw ~6"6Trr6iJ

U U L @sir
(!p<WI!DUJrr

(!p<WI!Da=rr[Jrr flj @j@ :L6YTGll6YT;;!;!ffi<WI0iW •

;ilL.. Lu51Lu

tu.:« flj (!p<WI!D uSlroO a=tEfljtT UU ~;ileD(]$eDu6lJrr!!)J

GllroO$ ~ 6YT Qa=

IiI !ffi :L 6YT6lJ6YTi;!ffi <WI uSl roO FF@U@Gllfljrr@jw ~

118

119

@ffiJ (] a; ILJW ~UJITrf)8;a;uuLroU ®~

6;"~ (] W ITIT (!:PtDir (] 61fT U ITL @ cD (]6l.J~@W. ..6TroUJ)!JL

8i-

(!!j 8; a; ~

i1L

LW

@6ix;vlTw(]rDlJ ~61fT~ Lfif;iluS/61fTlTroU Jl!J~<f/~a;tDYfIr<>!5I(!!j~ (!:P~&ir!D~.

6l1I@UL

a: 6YT6l.J6YT ;$~~6tWuui>c6I
8= cf) uf/a;6lJW

6TLrDlJir"

6T6!irU6l.Jir Q5Ii.J~ .6lf)(]a=LWIT


a;

4.

@ ~ 6!ir &JrDlJW ~ 6lff) UJITm

~J)clI@j;$

/luSI~61fT ~ir

6T U (] U IT ~(]W

~!JlTtiJ

(!:P8; af!UJ~6l.JWIT61fT~IT®W

6T:ilirUlTir a;a;rDlJlTw.~(!!j6l.J!J~ ~Jl6l1l(!!jif;ilILJW

uUJ6!iru@;$:ilUJ
Q a; IT61W @

J)6ff~6YTa;@!jL6!ir a: 6YT l.J6YT 6 1iJ~~


®~

Qa=ti.J~ ®~ ~6YT6l.J6YT;$~~6tWuSlW1IT(]L
6tW uSlroiJ @rDlJ8; ®

@6l.Jir ®~

(!:P~ !D a; ~ 6YT ILJW @GiT~WIT(!!j6l.J(!!j8;®

(!:PtDir

WIT i1rf1 UJITa; 8;

~6l.J8; a; (]6l.J61W~ UJ (] {lj1T a;ffiJ a; m 8;


(lUff~

~6lJfIUJIT6ff ,:!)fJ)6l1J(!!j;$/I~UJ

@~6!ir <!prDlJW

<f/rDlJ6l.Ji>~!D(!:p6!ir~6l.J;$~6ff6YT ITit, ~~6l.Ja;6YTIT6l.J61fT.


IL 6fT6lJ6fT

~~61fl(i651uS167ir

~Q)d;®

61fl6lJd;d;d;<'ktJJ..U1

Qa=ti.JUJ(!:P~ILJW. @~i>a;ITa; Q~ITW/roU rfjluSlrDlJlT61fT ZL!D6lJa;~6YT (]wcD Qa;IT6ff61f (!:P~lLJw.


@~@lIT(]L

(l~ .$ d; til d; vii" tt

~6lff)UJIT6ff ~J)6l1J@j;$jI~UJ

{lj6!ir® ~jl8;rf);$~8;

Q8;IT6ff6TT

~ILJL.D. 1.
®~ ZL6'fr6lJ61f~~6tW

~jl8'iWlTa;

<f/.$1~

rfjluSlroU ~~'fJUJrDlJlTw. ZL6Yr6'fr~;$~ @ffiJ®


~6Yr61f ® C!::P ZL et 6l.J6'fr~ ~ ~ 6tW

6)"~W ~(!!j 6l.J~a;uSlroUa=WWIT61fT Jl!DlP6lJ {ljL~~a;6Yr 6l.JUJ~~L Q~rfl6lJ


®~8;

(!:P~ !D~ UJ

{!f)a; W ITa;

ZL 6'fr 6lf) UJroiJ

UJ ®~clI61fT

ir ,:!)fLffiJ $/UJ6l.J1T ®~8;a;~6'fr [f)l @ffiI® J)!DlP6lJ {ljL;$~~ UJ cf)$/8= ~a=

clI@j ~IT 6lJfIa;@!jw

!L6'fr w(!!j;$~6l.Jir a;@!jw,

Q~IT W/roU6l.JlT6lfir~WUJIT 10M

Qa=ti.J~roU (]6l.J~@W.

ZL6'fr6l.J6YT ;$~~6tW6l.JUJIT6YTir a;@!jw ~jla;6'fr6lJ


a;ITGrUL (Gazd), r<>!5Iu~GiT(Liftin), ~UroiJ(]6rUW

~U(]UJIT $/8;.$16!ir!DlTir a;6ff.


boltz), QUITLIT(Potter), (]uITGiT!D6l.Jira;m(Oblsem)

a;1ii1f)6!ir ~ffiJ a; 1iJ/161fT (!!j ~L

(] a=~6l.Ja;~6'fr U7!J~IT61fTwlTa;~

8=

@6l.Jira;@!j8;.$1~LuSlroU ®(!!jW (]UlTroUL6YU (Krum uSIa;6lJW (!:P8; $/UJ WIT 61fT ~!J1T1iJ 8= cf)a;m ZL6YT6l.J6YT ;$~~6tWuS/@l6Yr

Qa=tiJ ~roiJ,

®~

~6YT6l.J6YT~~~6tWu..f)tDir

(]~ITi>!D8;am_~UJ ~GiT!DIT®w.
®@ ZL 6'fr6l.J61f~ ~ ~ 6tW u..f) tDir (] U IT~

UrDlJ6l.Ji>~!D ®~ J)!J~IT61fT @(!!j

rf /lUJ IT10M u®jla;61F)6iJ

Qa=ti.J~61r61flTir a;6Yr.

~i1 a; W ITa;

U7!D!:P 6lf

®~

~roUrDlJ~

a=&Ja; ZL61f6l.J6'fr;$~~6tW

{ljL1iJ~~a;~6'fr (]UIT~~U

WITi>c618; Qa;lTvfr6'fr
QUIT(!!jLa;@!j8;®

(!:P~ILJW.

~~IT!J6tWWITa; Ulvfr~6'fra;6'frITa; wiJ[f)lW &JrDlJW

~~.$1!D~. 1.
2.

~~~WUJIT61fT

@(!!j!MJ;lTroU~!J6l.Jira;@!j8;.$1~L(]UJ ~W1u6l.JffiIa;~6'fru ~iii~ a=IT~ u.$1iriii~


@

a;rDlJ~~!JUJITLroUa;61r 8; ®~!D;$~8;

<f/[f)l ®~
Counselling)

rfjluSlrDlJlT61fT ZL61f6l.J6'fr;$~~6tW (Small group Counselling)


(Marathon group

Qa;lTvfr61f 6l.JlTliJuu61F)uu~6!ir ZL 61f6l.J6'fr~ ~ ~ 6tW

UrDlJ(]uir a;@!j8;a;IT61fT ®@ ZL6'fr6l.J6rr ;$~~6tW

i1UJffiJa; m

J)~WUJIT61fT {ljL;$~~a;~6YT

Qa;1T61r6l.J~iJa;lT61fT (!:P~!D u..f) GO

{5~

a;1T6tW8;am_~UJ~1T a; ZLvfr6'fr~.
3.

1.

6'mJ

®!!,

rf~6\)ITQ1f

~61T6l.J61T~~QI)QRJI'

(Small group Counselling) ®~6l.J1T a; 8; a;rDlJiii~~!JUJIT@6l.J~GiT &JrDlJW ~6l.J!J6l.Jir {ljL;$~~uSl6iJ ~vir6'fr ®~!D #~!Da;~6'fru
$/~Ld;$/6!ir!D~. 120

QUIT~6l.JITa;8;

a;rDlJiii~~!JUJITL

a= ~ir UUW iii

@~61fTlTroiJ ~6'fr6l.J6YT;$~~6tW

6l.Jir
121

@GmLuJ)rovfT~

@j@6l1)~Gm[J

(]8'ir~~8;

Q8;fTW6lJ~

Q6lJ(iJ{6I8;[JLDfT~ @ffiJ@j

2. 3.

@jGmIJ){h~ 8'ryJ8;~ LD~, (]UfTGm~u

illJ)6"6r 8;Gm61T <:!9(t5IciI([!j~iI QUfT([!jL 8;";"

Q8'uJ6lJflj(iJ8;fT 8; (]UfTdr IJ)Gm6lJ8;~8; @j

(lJJGmIJ)UJfT8; ..6Teoi.n': 6TLrovir"

<:!9(6lJir8;W @j{6lut5I(El£/6"6rlJ)fTir8;W. Q8'li.J~@j@ c:fI{f)l6lJir

!LW61T 6l5/(]8'L ~6"6rGmLDUJfT8; Q~rfl6lJ ~ ~flj

8'ryJ8;8; @j@6l1IGm~6l1IL @roiJrov~i/roiJ U tt Gl5IUJroiJ 8;8;fT 8;

<:!9(L4-GmLDu(El6lJGm~ @jGmlJ)uu~dJaifT 8;

~6"6r GmLDuJ)roiJ <:!9(GmLD~rovfT@jW.

4. 5.
6.

UfT6l5IUJroiJTiluJ)rovfT~ r

!L61T6lJ61T~~Gm~ LD(iJ{f)lW 8;

8;8;fT 8; @j(Elwu t51[J if cflGm~6I5)61T8;

8"r[J6"6irLSll8;@j !LLULL 6T(El~~8; 8'LDLDfT~ Q8;fTW6lJ~6"6r !L61T

t51WGm61T8;Gm61T @j@ !L61T 6lJ61T ~~Gm~ ~LfT8;, <:!9({h~ @j@6l1)ww Q8;fT6"6irL

cil6lJfT 8; 1L61T6lJ61T~~Gm~ @j6l5)1J)~~8; Q8;fTm6lJ~(iJ8;fT IL 61T6lJ61T ~~Gm~ <:!9(t5IciI([!j~i/ Q8'uJ~

uroiJ(]6lJ{f)lUULL :LGmLUJ

LDLL~i/Gm~8; Q~rfl6lJ Q8'li.J~8;

~L~Gm~8;Gm61T

cfI£/iF Gm8'8; 8;fT a.; flj61Tir Q8;fTm6lJflj(iJ8;fT 8; 8;

6lJ

<:!9(uwUJfT 8'r6J 8;615)61T

t51WGm61T8;~61T

Q8;fTW6lJflj(iJ@j (lJJL4-UJW.

7.
3.

~~6I5)LD

~t5I6l1)([!j~il8;8;fT

@!!> 1L6fT6lI6fT§;~QJ)(iGUJ (Marathon group Counselling)


U6\lCSuir <!6@))a:.am6m Q8;fT6"6irL @j@6l1)ww ~~flj @riJ flj6"6rGmLD Q8;fT6"6ir(]LfTir
tt (]

8. 9. 10.
u5)8;6lJW
6)" ~ (]

UfTL8'fTGmrov !L61T6lJ61T~~Gm~ QfljfTffi/roiJ6lJffi/8;fTLLroiJ ~GYf)GmL~

~L6lJL4-8;Gma.;a.;~8;8;fT 8;8;fT 8;

a.;

1L61T6lJ61T ~~Gm~

Q~fT Lir L.J8;~8;

@jrflUJ i/IJ)GmLD8;Gm61T

~t5I6l1)([!j~:i1

urov (]uir

Q8'uJ6lJ~(iJ8;fT a.;

@jGmIJ) 6lJ fT@jtiJ • @jGmIJ) £6 <:!9(L4-u UGmLuJ)roiJ ~~~ 8;.QUfT.~ !LUJir~[Jw

~~

@j Q flj rf/6lJ

6lJ tr rT

LD tt rT 8; (] LD(iJ8in.IJ)U UL L @j@ciI~ir8;Gm61TUJW ~GmIJ)8;~8;8;fT 8; c:fI{f)l @j@ciI~ @L(El8;

fljmGmLD

!LGmLUJ6lJir

8;61TfT@jW..

ILfljfT [J~LDfT

it 8;Gm61TUJW 8'ey,a.;
Qa.;fTm61T (lJJL4-UJw.

UuJ)Sllw

UfTL8'fTGmrov ~6"6r{6l6"6r LDfT~6lJir <:!9( UU GmL L4~~~

@j@6lJfT8; GmLD8; 6ir !LuJ)rflUJroiJ

1L61T6lJ61T~~Gm~$@j

@([!j IE ~ tr GiJ <:!9(r6J@j @j@clIW6ir 8;fT~UULLfTSllW rTi/UJfT~~LDfT~

~dr

@6lJir8;~8;£/GmLuJ)roiJ urov (]6lJ{f)lUfT(El8;w

!L61T rTi/UJfT~~W, @L(lJJmr(El.

flj6l5flUJfTm LD(iJ{f)lW @j(Elw 1L61T6lJ61T ~~Gm~GmUJcilL (lJJ8;£/UJ @([!ji> UfT~i/[JQLDfT6"6r{6lGm~ fljGiJ ~6lJcf)UJLDfT@jtiJ. @j@ @j@ @riJ@j

~iI

cfllJ)uufT~

~@

@([!juu~(iJ@j

1L61T6lJ61T~~Gm~UJfT61TrflLW

@j@ !L61T6lJ61T~~Gm~uJ)6"6r 8;roiJclIGmUJ QU(iJ{f)l8;

<:!9(i/8; 8'{h~iruUffiJ8;~6"6r

cfI£/iFGm8' Q8'uJ~roiJ ~L6lJL4-~8;8;m

U tr ~

:i1[Jr6J 8; GYfldr U L4-

£y;,

@j!!flu J)LU UJtt 61Tir

u(EltiJ

:L 61T6lJ61T~ ~ Gm~

8;([!j LDLDiT!D!!J

Q8;fT(El~fljcoiJ 6r6"6r1J)@([!j 6lJGm8;UJfT~ 6TroiJrovfT @j@

(]6lJmr(Elw.

Q8'uJUJuu(El£/6"6rIJ)~.~~fT~ @6iJciI[JmrGmLUJw

!L61T6lJ61T~~Gm~uJ)~w

8'LDLDfT 8; t51v(]UJfT £/8;8; (lJJUJ(iJcfl8;8; (]6lJmr(Elw.

1)
@r6J@j (IJJ GmIJ)

UWID(!)I6UUU6lI!]'1T<!6 @j@

~®6lI!]'1T<!6 UJtt 61Tir U uJ)!D{f)l6l1)d; @jW (]6l1mr(Elw. ~ ([!j6l1rflm ~~!Da.;fTa.; ~([!j6lJ([!j8;@j

:L61T 6lJ61T~ ~ Gm~ @([!jIE~

6TGiJrov tt

J) [J 5 cf) Gm~ 8; ~

8; @jtiJ

@j @

IL 61T6lJ 61Ti> ~ Gm~ Q8'uJ6lJ~(iJ@j

ufTi>II[J~:i1w6ir 1L61T6lJ61T ~~Gm~6lJir @([!j8;8; (]6l1~L4-UJ

8;LGmLDUJiT!D1J)

6)"(iJIJ)Q~fT 6"6rlJ)roiJrov@j@ 1L61T6lJ61T~~Gm~ U rov ~ GmIJ) 8; .,;,. @([!j 8;

<:!9(i/cfllJ)uufT~

~([!j6lJ([!j8;@j i/IJ)GmLD8;m

cfllJ){hflj uuJ)(iJ{f)lcilUUfT61Tir @([!jUU~

afI m IJ) ~

<:!9( Gm6lJ8; 6Yf) roO

cf) rov

£(] I::P

@j@ !L61T6lJ61T~~Gm6WuJ)coi> uu1!p{f)lcilUUfT61T([!j8i@j uuJ)(iyfl

@j{6lut5Luu(El£/6"6rIJ)~.

ILm61T 6l5/(]8'L ~Wa=LDfT@jW. (lJJGmIJ)8;m ~ut5IUJfT

6l5/(]8'LLDfT8;

8'ffiJ8;m u(iJ{6I cil61T 8;8;W @([!j~fljroiJ ~6lJcflUJLDfT@jW.

122

123

2)

~6if'wIT

®@
'8)®6lJ!T1T0$
a;L6mLDWlTm(!)l~6U

:L W

Gl.J d; ~ 6m~ W

ufI GiJ . iftd; :'D :'DGir 6m W ILl L Gir 8in.liJ-UJ cf) rovIr

u ffiJ a a; cDu:'D tr GiJ ~ :'DcDa; tt a; @(§cE®W Qa:UJ:'DroU


6)

®@

:LmGl.Jm~~6m~uS)6Maurr~

®~UUlLL

~}ovcE®L6M

tI(§ u tIa; V us tt 66T

Gl.J f) (6L d; :'DGiJ y

~~t/UJGl.J!lUJwrr .$)6MCD~.
!])6lJUrUQJTITa;a;®LDlTmm!f)6U

®@6l1Icba>rr a; ~~6l.f,

t/CD6mW w!D!!)lw w66TuurrffiJ® ~Ut6l1l(§~t/


tt .$Iu

8rUJwrra; @Lt..bQuCDroU aGl.JliWir@w. ~ffiJ® ~(§ t/CD6mwUJrr66T~cflrflUJva; UUJ6M:'DV8>8in.liJ-UJa;6iJ6lfr C!:P6mCD6mUJ UlrraUJ U ILmGl.Jm
~~6"5>~

u:'DWlrr

Cna;

®@

:LWGl.JW ~~6m~ ~6m~Gl.J(§8>

(6LGl.JliJ-8>6ma;uSlWlm :fh!DQU(§6mW, 61(]:fh5a: t/a;rr VW . Q:fh tt yf) GiJ


:L CD C!:p 6m CD :L W 6l.f

(6LGl.JliJ-8>6ma;a;6mm QGl.J!D~a;vwrr a; Qa:UJ~ c!:pliJ-cEa;

~ 6m W dJ:'Dtt GiJ (6GiJrova:'D tt IT

Gl.J d; W

C!:PliI-UJL.D.
3) #i/}66m6 Q6WU6lJ!T1T0$ a;®LDlTmm6U

®t..iJ, :LWGl.JW d;~6m~

(6rrliJ-8>®t..iJ alL liJ-QUJ@uu


to cD!!)lii:

c!:pliJ-UJrr~. ~:fh66Trr6iJ (61iWir uQ66Trr(§Gl.J66Trr ; a;L6mWUJrr !D!!)lGl.J:'D6M(!provW a ®@ :LmGl.Jm ~6m~uSl6M ®~uUlLrovrrw. 6lfraa:Lwrr ILWGl.Jw~~6"5>~uSl6iJ u rfI a;rr V C!:p 6"5>CDa;6"5>w (6LGl.JliJ-~a;
4)

cflCDuurr66T :fh6M6mwUJrra; !I.$)56ma:C!:P6mCD6mUJ a; cfI.$)56ma: aa:6"5>Gl.Ja;6mwGl.JwffiJa;6iJ ®@ @ffiJ® t/(§ut/a;vwrra;


:Ler

Q:fh tt y5l~ CD cf) CD U tt a; ~6m WGl.J~ L Gir @v a; cf) UJusn 66T 6l.f U :'DmlUULL_ 6l1IuvffiJa;6mw 6!l!6mVGl.Jrr Qu!D!!)l$Qa;rrmm6l.fw a;

C!:PliJ-.$)GirCD~.

@UJ6iJurra; (66mLQU!!)lW.

UI Va UJtt .$IU U:'DGir f!:P su ti:

Gl.JWd;~ 6m~ ILWGl.JW~~6m~ 61L rovlr" @UJ6iJLf ®@ ~t/vw @~ 6lfrtJ c!:p6mCDa;61A6iJ®@ :LmGl.Jw~~6m~ OJGir

Q;u!D~UJml8;.$)6M!fJ66T.
a;®LDlTmm6U

~Gl.J!lUJwrr.$)6MCD~ 6166T (6rrw 6!l!wffiJ.$IuSI(§~:'D6iJ aGl.JliWir@w. "616iJUtVL


Q66lfto<BuU6lJ!TITa;

:LmGl.Jm~~6"5>~UJrrw(§8>® Q a: 6lfI w@ d; :fhrovtt ® t..iJ• ILWGl.Jm ~~6m~ ILWGl.JW ~~6m~uS)6M

@(§$a;

aGl.JIiWirliJ-UJ lv:fhrr66T ®~ U

Q:'DrrLIr urr a; Ulv:'Drr66T ~t..iJ a:fliJ a;m ~6mGl.JUJrrGl.J66T. aurr~

urovGl.JcD 6m{D

c!:pGir6mGl.J~~mwrrfr.

:L Gir 6d) U U tt a;

Q a: 6lfI w@ U u:'D Gir f!:Provtb 1. ILw6l1IUJroU6l1Ir§@jrr66T ~liJ-u6mLuSlroU a(6rr~w u51a;6l.fw urovwGl.JrruJ~:'D ~La;ml6M ~(§ ®@6lfr!D®m @(§8>®W ~La;ml6M ®@ 61Giru~ ~:'D66Trr6iJ aurr 6OJ:'DU
tstt

(6LGl.JliJ-8>6ma; QGl.J!D~a;vwrr a; ~6mw.$l6MCD~. aurr ~ (66iJrovQ:fhrr(§ Qa:6lfrw@~:'D6iJ ..

~(§ Q:'Drr®tlUJrr®w.
uxt a;

~~t/UJGl.JcflUJwrr 66T ~ffiJa;wrr®w


5)

urov~:'D Qa:6iJGl.Jrr E.$I6OJ66T c ®@6l1IWl6ir @@~ umf)UJ

OJ !Du@~:'D6iJ @rov®Gl.Jrr66TQ:'Drr6MCDrr®w. IL:'Drr v~ 6lJ!fa;m: ..<BU6lJ!T1T a;L6mLDWlTm(!)l!f)6U 0$

Qurr(§La;~~ ~Q{)Wl6mLUJ ~WluGl.JfliJa;m fj)6MCDrr®t..b. 2. ®@

~liJ-6OJWUULL_ urrtJ8>a;UULL

@6mw@jfra;6ir cflrov(§8>®u

ILwGl.Jmd;~6m~uflGir Qa: uJGl.J:'D ® i> @(§d;:'DGiJ

~liJ-UU6mL eait

~t..iJa:wrr66T

6lfI@:'D6mrov UJ6mL dJ:'D @6OJW@j Ir ~ (§ Gl.Jf) Gir Q Gl.J D r c

@U1roiJurr66Ta:8;t/6mUJ ~Ut6l1l(§ihf£I Qa:tiJGl.J;'DrT(§D. @:'D6m66TQ;uiJtJSIa;vwrra; IL W Gl.Jmd;~ 6m~ aGl.J6lW@t..iJ. ®@ a:rfIUJ tt 66T Gl.J5l a;rr L@uGl.Jvrra; y aurr~ au
tt ~

PI a; V w tt 66T

wrr!DCD~6OJ:'D

6J!Du@~:'D Gl.JroUrov66T. fj)(§ QGl.JdJ~a;vwrr66T Lf66T(§~:'DrrU66T c!:p6OJ{D @~

Gl.J f) a; tt L @ u Gl.Jf) Gir Q Gl.J D y r c ILWGl.Jm ~~6m~

PI ~

ILWGl.Jwd;~6m~uJlGir GiJrov~ a:'D tt GiJ6lfI uJl6"6i"

(6LGl.JliJ-8>6ma;t£frwrr~8>a;uu@£/6MCD~.

6lS'raa:Lwrr a;

C!:P6mCDuSl6iJ (§ ~

(6UV~

(6L~6OJ:'DuSlGir ®@
125

w~

urrrflUJ

a:f!:Pa; a;m

Gl.J~@!,LLrov
124

UlvaUJrr .$IcEa;uu@.$I6MCD~.

~ffiJa;~tJ66Tir

~~~w~ ~66lL!E~ wfilu 6ll~~!l

~W1u6llriJa;66l6'fT

(!p6lir66lrua;@jw

aurr~ @~

~iI~
urrrflUJ

~6llrra;m 5eyJa;

6. @j@ !L.6'fTru6'fT ~~66lGWu1IW1m (Maladroitive


£)66lLJi6lirCD~. ~WL.J5LW

~""'lLIrrm wrrr,D crfl8;

~@riJ£~

{DL~66l~66lUJ ~66lLru~6lir ~® UJru{tJ

QruiDc6Iu1l6lir~6lir66lW8;aa;iDu

~6llrr a;m 6llu(]ruiDUliD@jw,

Bhaviour)

Qa;rr6Yf 6'fT 5£5 ~rT U UW

UL UJ.-r,D@jW :L6Yf 6'fTrrafim CD~ri-.


.. - Gl<ourr6lirCDrr@jt..iJ. ~ 5eyJa;l.D6lfI~ ~a;~~;"a;m ~~W1rraL

!L.~rr(JGWwrra;u

urTL..66l5u11~ a~rr~

eyJrovw (!p66lCDaa;Lrr~ ~w~ w~uurrriJ@j, a;®~~ {DwUl8;66la;, ~{tJ6l5'I®!E~ clI@UL

{DL~66l~8;@jm6'fTrr£) @®8;@jW rumllUL..f 6;JiDU@.$}6'irCD~. eyJrovw BrILl ~uurr@ :L~rr(JGWwrra; Qru6YFIu@;ifil8; ~w~ ~~5;i66l~ Q5uJ~

@jUJ.Qa;rr ~@m6'fT

{DL~66l ~66l1L1 clI6'fTffii.$}.$ Qa;rr ~@

3. @j@ cfI£i~5~
QU[f)Jwrr~

uiDc6I8; a;rov!E~66l(JUJrrLrovrrW.

W aurr 6lirCD 66l6lla;66l6'fT 5;J66l~UJ6llrr a;(@jL6lir ~UUlL..@ :L®rurr £t6lirCD~. @~6lir eyJrovw ~w~ a;®~~ uiDc6IUJ ~®

7. @j@ :LGrrruGrr 66lGWu1I6'ir ~


5fMl,1rUUW £i66lLJi6lirCD~. ~w~ ~(@j66lW66l1L1 afl66lLuu~W1rraL (!pUJ.-£iWCD~·
I!... 6fT QJ 6fT

Qa;rrroGrr ~(!!j6ll;"

uttit 8;@jW 5!E~rrUUW {DwUl8;66la; Q5uJUJ6lJW Q5UJ~ wiD[f)JW Qurr~66lWU@~~~8;@j

5eyJa; ~8=5(!pmGrr Qa;rr6Yf etr @j66lCD;i~8; eumu

u!j)8;a; ~ {tJiD@j ~UJ.-66lWILI tt~~ 6ll(J (!PUJ.-£t6lirCD~. Q5uJUJ6lJW @®!5~rr~

U L..f8;

@6lliD66lCD w{tJuu@

Qa;rr6YfGrr

w{tJu UrTIll6lJ

(!PUJ.-.$}6lirCD~. !L.~rr (JGWwrr a; @j@ :L6'fT6ll6'fT~~66lGW @LJl..fI(J~.:fI66l~ ~W8;@j Qa;rrum-@ (!pUJ.-£i6lirCD~. clIGrrriJ£t.$ ~6lir66lCD •

Ulm 66l6'fT a;6YFI~rovrr~ ~rruJwrrrr a;(@j8;a;rr~ {DLruUJ.-8;66la;UJrra; wrrU/(Jl..Dfii.Jrov 6;J~UJrr®~ ~~iDa;rr~ :Lm6Y1G)~~

ti~

61f)

6mff

.$.$ fUJi.$ @j ~.$.$

6!fJ 6fT

Q~ rf16l/ Q 8' til fL/ tb

.dPI6llrra;mrr~ 6l516'fTriJ£i8; Qa;rrm6'ff

(!p6!fJU) cfI[f)J @j@ !L.6'fTruGrr~~66lGWlLlrr a; @®!E~rrrr~ a566lru {DrrUJ.-a;m Qa;miirru~

Qa;rrm6'fT (!PUJ.-UfW.@{!;rjI66lrov66lW66lUJ Qurr~66lWUU@dl8; wrriD[f)J 6lly5166lUJ Q~rf)6lJ Q5uJ~ a;m (!PW66l6ll8;@jW ~rrw 5!E~rrUUW

10 .. 5 @66lLUULL 1 4. @j@ ~riJa;~{tJ~rr


Qa;rrm(@jw urfLcfI~~u ~®6ll(J~ ~~66l~~ ~~ urrrr.$a; (!pa;w ~rraw a;®~~.$a;66lGrr Q5uJUJrr~ 5;JiDCD~rr@jw. @~ ~(Jru~~. cl) ®;i fil Q~rf)6lJ Q5uJ~ Q5 a6ll66lGrr a{Drr8;.$I8; Q5uJ~ @~6ll66l(J clI(]5Lwrr

6Tum-mf)~a;66lUJ a; U~6ll[f)JUULL ~® @

QWfl6lJ Q5uJ~

@j@ :LGrrruGrr~~~GW.$@j @~LclI~~~

{D~rov uUJ~~~ Q~rrLrrUl~~ Q 5 ILl roiJ 8in.UJ.-8;

Q~rrLrrL..f (!p~CDa;66lGrr

.$}66lL8;£t6lirCD~. 8in.8=5UU@W

!L.~rr(JGWwrra; ~®6ll®8;@j 5!E~rrUUW

ulLIW1mGrr

a;66l~8;a;

rll iJ Q a; tt ~
(!pdlLlwrr

!L. 6'ff6ll6'ff ;i ~ 66l6W 6T~mf)8;66la;uSI~

urrrr~~

L..frf)!E~8; Qa;rrm6'ff

{DL6llUJ.-8;~a;66l1L1 {DL~{tJ8= Q5~ru~i>® @j~CDUJW ~W66lW

£i66lL8;£)CD~·

a; ~w£iWCD~. a; ~~~ ~a(JclI~ ~w~wUJm6'ff Ul(J8=.#1~~ wiD[f)Jw ~~~ ~rr@jLb.

5. @j@ :L6'ffru6'fT~~~GW
wiD[f)Jw ~a;ru~ :L at euat ;i~~GW Ulu(]UJrr £i~~8; (!pUJ.-UJw. :L~rr(JGWwrra;

{DLruUJ.-.$~a; eyJrovw ~6YFI~L~ @j@WU wiD[f)Jw clIrurra;

Q~rrLrrL..f

Q~rrLrrL..f~

{tJCD66lWa;66l6'ff6l51®~{tJ Q5uJ~.$Qa;rrm6'ff 5WU!E~Wrr~


truut

:LGrrruGrr 66lGW ~

Q5UJ~ {DL6llUJ.-~a;Mrr aru~@w. Q~6lJ ~~~


~

cflrov~(J Q~rf)6lJ Q5uJ~Qa;rrm6'fT :LmGrr cflrov66l(J ~~rov~ :LGWrr6lJLw 8in.l.S/-UJrurr 8i66l6'ff

uf) 6ir a u tr~

@t.iJ (!p ~ CD ~ILI

Q6lleD!Dla;

a; u

{DL~66l~ ~~WUL..f Q5tiJ~

:LcfI~wrr~

Qa;rrmGrr (!pUJ.-UJw.

126

127

3L 6fT"6l.J6fT"ii ffJl ~ ~
3L{ljci'lUJrT6fT"ira;m cJ){6l.Jfr a; 6'iT U!D 3L{ljrT[T~ 3LU(gUJrT £/UUffJl

05 C!£ldI!D 05 6'iT (g CF~

6lJ, {lJfT

IJI- cJ){r;;V 6IJtr {lj


8in.

2. 05C!£lQ6l.JrT6"6r~1J)a;LIJI-QUJ@uU cJ){Uf,NJj C86l.J61ir(£1w. ~[Twt5Iuu{ljcb®

(lprn6lffir

05@ci'lroU 6T~{!j~6lffC8ufr
i/a;i/ (g{DrTMW.

@[T61ir(£1 (guira;m

WLlJI-roU Q{ljff)6lJ QC1IU6l.JffJlL6"6r L


tr ffJl·

6Ti/irUrTir~w

cDl

05 C!£ldI !D05 Q {ljrf) UJU U (£1ii {ljr;;V

# U:E {lj~6lff
3. 05@ci'liJ05m

a; 6'iT U ffiJ 05 u!D [f)l W 6l.Jm {DU fr a; 6'iT (g U tt rn !D 6l.J!D IJ) ~


~irwrT6l5f)~ffJla;

WrT a; CFf!:Pa; c!)firCF(lpm6fT"

(gCF~6l.J {DrTlJI- @~{lj (lp~IJ)~UJ

6J"iJa;6lffC86l.JlLLu5/L(£1 j

Qa;rTmmroU (g6l.J61ir(£1w. @}C!£l

uUJW1m6fT" {ljrT a; cJ){~LDUJW.

cJ){LffiJ05W 6TroU6IJrT (gCF~6l.J{DrTlJI-a;<@9a;05w wiJ[f)lW (g {lj~ 6l.JUJt 6lff t

05C!£l 3L6fT"6l.Jm~ffJl~~8;05 U rfiI (g a;!D a; tt :il@8; a; 6Tira=rf'ta;~a;UJ


tt a; @@~ffJl

'£W
JI [T {ljtt 6lff

05c61uUlLuU(£1W
3L 6fT" 6fT"ti; 6l.J

{Dufra;6'iT

cJ){1lita; ~ i/6lff fr a;<@98;05w cJ){c616lJ~ [T a; 6'iT a; rT6IJti; :il QCFuJ 6l.JffJlLm(g6l.J61ir(£1W.

# U:E {lj~6lff

a;6'iT wtjJ [f)l W

ffJl ~ ~

UJtt 6fT"fr

@6l.Jira;GYfiroU .fl6IJ~[Ta;

crow 05cDlUt5IL6IJrTW.

cJ){6l.J{ljrT6l5f)~ffJla; Qa;m;ir 6fT" (g6l.J61ir(£1w.

tjJ 05 (lp 6lir 6lff(g [T aft ~ L U U {lj!D05 6l.J Jl y wm- 6l.J@W 6illL UJIlitaim U tj;c61 a;6l.J6lffW QCFgJ.iJ ~ {lj

~6YVC8a;rT6YI5IUJrT 6Tm-1J) lL6fT"ut5I[T ir.fl~6lff CFf!:Pa; 6'l5I<J[TrT i/a;6fT"rT a; QCFUJiJU(£1U6l.Jir aim 3LLiJ8in.iJ[f)l {ljiJQa;rT~6IJ rrjluSlGU f!:P~6fT" {ljrT8;a;UULL

3Lmm6l.Jir

aim

1.
11.

05C!£l .fl£/ir~CFuSlm05C!£l.fl£/ir~CF CF{y)a;wGYfia;a;ir

(g{DrTa;a;w. jl6lff(lpw. a;rT6IJ(lpw.

{DLa;05W

a;LL~c!::pW.
tr UJWrT a; 8;

3L6fT"U WIJ)W6lJ

111.

6TGU6IJrT c!)fLDfr 6ill tj; 05W


(ga=~6l.J{DrTlJI-uSl6lir 6l.J6fT"ir6l.J{lj!D® @LWGYfiUJrT ffJl @@~{ljGU.

05C!£l6ill6lff~ [T8; aiL L

{DL~~{ljUJmcg6fT"rTir QCFuJUJW 6T61ir~(lpm6fT"6l.Jira;m. wm-6lffrT6lff 3L6fT" 6l.J(£13Lm(g6fT"rTira;m.


IV.

QCFuJ6l.J{ljiJ05 {DL6l.J1JI-a;~a;

6T(£1~{ljGU. (Negative)

6Ti/fr LDrT6lff a;@~ffJl8;a;6'iT

Q{D@a;£L(£1a;05
3L6fT"6l.J6fT" ~ffJl~~ QCFGUS21W (lp~!D

{DL6l.J1JI- ;~a;uSlm8
u5/a;6lJw jlLLuSlLL @{ljtj;a;rTa;

(g U ttffJl 05C!£l6ill~6lff
~m-lJ)rT a; c!)f~LD{ljGU £/:P6l.l@w ~a516lJ~[Ta;~6fT"

@UJ8;aftir (g6l.J61ir(£1w.

v.
VI.

c!)f rfiI a; ti; :il6lff fr a; GYf) 6lir UrT ffJla;rT 8;a;UULroU. c!)f6l.Jir a;6fT"fJl {lj6l5f)UULL f Qa;rT(£1~ffJl

@ [T a; a0 UJ

{lj6lSi ~ LD

{D 6lir 05

~~6lff

Gl6l.JiJa5Ia;[TwrT a; {DLrT ~ir

QCFraU61JffJl 3L6fT"6l.J6fT" ft;ffJl~~UJrT6fT"6l5f)6"6r Ul6"6ruiJlJ)

c!)fwCFffiJa;oir UrT ffJla;rT a;a;uuLroU. QUUJfr a;~6fT" Q6l.JGYfiuu(£1~{ljrT

t51[T{ljrT6lff a;L~LDUJrT®W. C!::PIJl-UJUJ..

vu.

6TGU6VrT (gCF~6l.J {DrTlJI-a;<@9a;05w (gUrT6l5)UJrT6lff QUUJira;~6fT".$ 3L61ir ~LDUJrT6lff i/@ ~ {ljGU (.fl6IJ (g6l.J~ 6fT" ;.m GU cJ){6l.Jfr a;.m 6lir W [TC8 {ljCFU a
cJ){GU6IJffJl C86l.J[f)l 6J"ljrT6l.JffJl QUrT@~{ljWrT6lff {

1. 05 C!£l

3L 6fT" 6fT" i; 6l.J t

ffJl ~ ~ a;05Lu(£1w

uf) 6lSi

~ [T tb uti; :il(g 6IJ(g UJ {lj6lff) UJtt 6'iT


£/m-lJ)ffJl' 3L{ljrT[T~WrT

QUUJir a;~6frC8UJrT QUUJir a;~6frC8UJrT


Vll1.

3L6fT"6l.J6fT" ~ffJl~~ 3L6fT"6l.J6fT" ~ffJl~~ 3L6fT"6l.J6fT" ~ffJl~~

QCFuJ{ljGU a;LLrTUJLDrT a;05 3LLU(£1~{ljUuL(£1


c!)f GYf) ti; ffJl

a; 05C!£l

6l.JwffiJa;GU.}
f!:P6IJW cJ){6l.Jira;~6fT" ir a=ey:>a;wGYfia;a;ir

6TGU6IJrT C8CF~6l.J {DrT1JI-a;<@9w {lj6l5f)UJrTm


c!)f6l.Jfr aim c!)f~6lff6l.J~[TUJw

a={y)a;LDGYfiuU6l.Jir aim (g{DfrLD (Positive) w(g6lffrTUUrTffiJ£/~6lff

a;LIJI- QUJ@UL/6l.J{ljrn

{D6"6r05 L/rflfDffJla; Qa;rT61ir(£1 (g{lj~UJrT6lff

c!)fIJl-UU~L
c!)f {lj6lSi

ci'lU[TffiJa;~6fT"UJw, Lf)6lSi 6lfffr

QCFuJ{ljS21W. pm.$a;uu(£1~{ljS21w.

~ (g 6V tt CF~ 6lffa; ~ 6fT"UJ ti:


3L6fT"6l.J6fT" ~ffJl~~

05 C!£l 129

QCFUJroU {DL6l.J1JI-a;~a;~UJ
128

QCFuJ6l.JffJl 3La;~{lj{ljrT05w.

4.

@j@

~wir

6lf8iGYf)W/6'ir QCFUl!DU@W

rEI$) EPa:!'1

rtIfJroO ~wir

6lf

8.

6TroUCOVIT ir CF{J;fhiruuriu8itOYfl~w @j@ ~riu<'fj~il61fffr 8itOYfl101ir Q8i6'fTfJ6lJW, ~fr 8i6'fT fh~~I01ir~w ~ arfh{J;!)fJw UIT~8iIT 8;a;UU@W (!p~!DuSlroO (!p101ir{DL~/I QCFroUCOV G6lJ6lir@W. QCFroVCOVUU@W GUIT~
@j@

(!PI..Jl-UJW6lJ~fJ fhw~
{DL6lJI..Jl-8;~8i8i6'ir 8in.LIT~.

G{DIT8;$)~61H" ~I..Jl-QUlITLI..Jl-GUl GUIT6iT!D6lJ!D~!D


@~L{D@G6lJ

{DLIT~/I

QCFroiJ6lJ~LI01ir G{DIT Mriu8i6Yr QCFUlroU {DL6lJI..Jl-~8i8i6Yr @j@ ~wfr6lf

QCFUlroO {DL6lJI..Jl-8;~8i8i~6'fT @tiJfh


~I..Jl-UU~Lu.flroV

WIT!Dg)}fhroO {DLri~lIiF ~~ !L6'fT6lJ6'fT~~6W ~wfr6lf8i~~6Yr 6}"!Du@W CFfrir~CF8i6Yr@j~!fJ6l1~LUl


G U IT6lir G!D @j@ruJW/6'ir

5.

QfhIT WlroO6lJIT6W ~WUl IT61fT lL~ ru6'fT~ QfhIT WlcovIT6'fT uSl8i 6lfw ir QUITg)}~WUJL6lir
G 6lJ6W @Qw6lir

QCFUl!DULroV

G6lJ6W@W.
IT6'fT@L6iT

GCF~6lJ{DITI..JlCFiF fJ6lf QCFuJ~ CF


@@~fhroO

6lJITuj U Lj6W L IT$)6lir !D~' QCF~~~fhroO

{DL IT~ /liF

G!D CF 8iW GYf) 8i IT1I@8; @jW G U IT W .!)cov eyJ 8; ~ fhITW @jWUUW~LUlITWroO

QCFroOCOVUU@W QCFUl!DUIT@8im clJ@~/lUl~L6lJfh!D@j G6lJ6lir@W.

8in.I..Jl-Ul i6lJ61ffW 8

G6lJ~6'fT 8iGYf)roO!L 6'fT6lJ6'fT ~~~6WUl Q8iIT6'ir~w G6lJ6W@W. ~COVriu8i~8;@j


6. @j~~6Yr

GUIT~W

GCF~6lJ {DITI..Jl-u5)6iT {D6iT~WUlIT61fT GUIT 8;$)COV~WtiJfh t.B6Yr6ll~~LI..Jl-~


fhLI..Jl-8; Q8iIT@~fhroO G6lJ6W@W.

tFrr ~rr!l6W c$L.. Lr6J

uur c$

1!..6'tr6l16ff ~~~6W

.f}.i1,j

~tF

e!:j)W I!)J

c$6iI1@1firi"

~Lr6J ~.i1W!l)QJT.
~fJWU
8iL.L~lIroiJ @@M

ueo t51fJiF.fI~61fT8i6Yr,.fIMroV8i6Yr 6}"dJuL @L(!p6lir@.


(!p~!DUlIT 8i ~L8;$)
a, 6'fT6lJ6'fT~~6W ~

(i),

~wirruJ6lir

CFeyJ8iwGYf)UU6lJir8iGrf1~6tT clJfJ8;/I rEI~cov~w,


@L(!p6lir@.

@~6lJ8i~6'fT QCFroV 6lJ~ 8iL~WUlIT@jLiJ.

@j@clJ~61fT

#fJIT 8i {DLIT~/liF
G6lJ6W I..Jl-Ul

rEliFCFUlW!D!D GUIT8;@j, {DWt518;~8iu5)6iT~W, UrflLirCFUlwcb!D ~~W @fh!D8iIT8iU

Ul IT6'fT ~fLw

@@8;8i

~fh61fTITroO @6lJfr8im Ul IT6'fT ir


(Initial

uroV G6lJg)} UIT~8iITU

Lj {DL6lJI..Jl-d; ~8i8i~6'fT lL6'fT6lJ6'fT ~~~6W


8iLLWIT8i

t.fIfJG Ul IT$)8:; ci)67iT!DIT 8i6tT @ ~ u!D ir

c6l

7.

@j@6l1I101ir UIT~ Q

G{DIT8;$)~61ff 6l1I6'fTriu$)8;Q8iIT6Yr6lJ~L67iT ~fh!D@j

8i6lJ61fTQw@~fhroO G6lJ6lir@w.
Phase) 8i~8;8iuu@$)I01ir!D~'

@~

~fJWU

:J§1[g)}6l1I~6'fTUlITfh 6lJ~8iu5)roO lL6'fT6lJ6'fT~6W ~ QfhITLirLj8i~6'fT


@@uu~LI01ir

{DL6lJI..Jl-~8i8i~6'fT
@LW ~

Q CF fiiUil1G 61ff {DL IT.j; 115 Q CF roVcov G 6lJ 61W @ W • fh roJ) u U L. L

8iL.I..Jl-QUl@ULj6lJfh!D@j
@j@6l1IW/6Yr {DL~W ~61ff

~Grf1UlIT~

(ii),

QCFUlroO rf/lUJIT61ff 8iLLW fhw~ ~iruu~u~u

~roOcov~ @fJ6lirLIT6lJ~

CF{J;fhiruu~f;lroO arg)}arg)}ULjL~w
~uGUIT~

6l1ILUlriu8i~6'fTUJw

CFeyJaiWtOYfIuU6lJfr t..EI8i6lfWlL9YrIT 8i~LW/W, 8im

@j@clJ!D@j Q6lJGYf)GUl Q8iIT6lir@ G6lJ6lir@w.


~fh~61ff 8in.LIT~. fh~UULL

QCFroOCOVIT~ ITir~~8;Q8iITm6'fT U

Q6lJGYf)8; 8iITL@6lJITir8i6tT. IT6'fT 8i6'ir uSl8i6lfw ir

lLfhIT fJ6WWIT 8i 6}"hIT6lJ~ ~@ CFirF~CF !L6lirLIT61ffITroO f i t..f)fJ5cf)~61fTUlIT8i 6T@1h~ 6T@~~iF


@j@ 8;@j Q6lJGYf)GUl ~fh~61ff

!L6'fT6lJ6'fT ~~~mTUl
{DL6lJI..Jl-8;~8i~UJ

QUIT@tiJfh8:; 8in.I..Jl-Ul~ @ (!p~!D~Ul


@~

~roiJcov~ .fI$)iF~CF

Q6lJ!D{l5'I8ifJWITi 8 QCFUl!DUITL@8;@j

lL6'fT6lJ6'fT ~~~6W

QCFroOCOV8;

(!p67iT~6lJ~~

QCFUl!DULroO G6lJ6W@W.

8iLLWIT 8i8; (Action Phase) Q8iIT6Yr6'fTuu@£/l01irfJJ~.

(iii). f/8iEP5d1

f/fJroV

8i~L.!)

8iLL.j;II~61ff

~~LUJWGUIT~ G6lJ6W@W. ~~

GCF~6lJ{DITt.q...8:;.@j{DroiJcovQfhIT@ UUl67iTci)L.L
130

131

(] u

tt Gir (] CD Lf) [J~ .f)6"6) 1fT iu U 6 6"6)

Lf rf):f, f[)l Q8;rr

6IT m (]ru61Slir (Jjltb,


L.. L
(!:P6"6)CD uS/6iJ IL m eu ea sf>

@rururr[!)1

urrfr8;®Lb(]urrf[)l

~67SfiUlrr6ir wt,D[!)1W ®(Jjlwu

ILmrum~f[)l6'6J1iro15f ~~6'6J1iro15f

(!:p UJ-1Olj 8>® d){ 6"6) '% r;;V W

Q8;

tt 61SIir@ru(l!jruf[)l

tJ L.. L u51L U u

(] ru ~

@ ib .

@f[)l

IICD6"6)W tu tt 61fT

(]urr 6-6r(]CDu51$ d){~/lUlru!/UlWrr {DLruUJ-8>6"6)8;uS/W16ir $I:f>ru(l!jW

61fTILmrum

~f[)l6"6)1iro15f (!:p6"6)CDUlrr ®C!:£! $ @6"6)ru8;@J6ir \

ILm rum ~f[)l6"6)1iro15f!:p6"6)CD6"6)Ul8;Q$rr 6ir eaeott W. ®C!:£! a.eaeuer (

f[)l6"6) Iiro15f tt ea tu !/CDuuw<!Fwrr


(] to rj; 8in.. CD U

61lf'I roM

IL m eu m sf> f[)l6"6) Iiro15f (D L ru UJ-8; 6"6) ; u.f) roM 8

6;1t,Du@w

UUl6-6r 8;6ir d)//I$wrr®w. CD61fT·

8;8> Q8;rr6irmuu(Jjl£i6-6rCDf[)l. d)/ t..D <!F $ 6"6)ea ffiJ


d)

d)/W<!Frfu8;6ir (!:p8>£iUlW6"6)L£i6-6r

u LL

crfi iu

W rj; [!)1t..D

<!F 8; 8; fYJ

® C!:£!
01.

ILmrum

~f[)l6"6)Iiro15fuS/6-6r]urr f[)l UUl6-6r u(Jjl~/l8> (

Q8;rr6irmGitJrr W. @'%t,D®

(]WGitJrr 8; <!FfYJ$ ®C!:£! ILmrum

~f[)l6"6)Iiro15fuS/6'6raurr f[)l 8;ru67Sfid;$ (]ru~UJ-Ul

®C!:£! ILmrum~f[)l6"6)liro15fuSlcoiJ ~ruruQrr(l!j


IL m

~@J8;@jW

6;1t,DuL@6irm

d)/W<!Frfu8;m £af:P ,%[Juu@£i6-6rCD61fT.

rf'tJ us tt 61fT d)/ <!F '% tt [J Iiro15f rr )'b

'% Gir 6"6) 8; 6IT IL ~ <!F 6"6) eu f[)l W W L

~6lJItT 8>$U u(Jjl $)Gir CDf[)l. 6lJI(]<!F i..io« 8; u rf)8;rr [J (] <!F 6"6)ru u cDaSI 01. <!FfYJ$ ILmrum

~6"6)Iiro15fuJ)m (]urr f[)l @Ul6-6rCD ~1Olj


wrrliro15frutT $m

Qurr f[)lrurr61fT (ILUltT,%[JW)

$GitJ:f,f[)l6"6)[JUlrr(Jjlw d){tSl6l5l(l!j~/l6"6)Ul

(Burr f[)l d)/:f,,%~~


(]w~w d)//I$rfl~f[)ld;

~@J8>@j
Q$rr6irm

,%W6"6)WU U!iJ!DIUl (!:pUJ-UJw. Qurr f[)l6l..lrr.$

cf/GitJ6"6)[J <!FfYJ$w6YF/8>$ Q<!FuJUl Qru61Slir(Jjlw. $.Qurr.,% UrT L..6"6)<!Fd;@j ,%Ulrr [Jrr®w 6Tilfr UrrTr~/I(l!jd;®W 6lJIrurr $W Q<!FuJUl)'b ,%Ulrr [Jrr $ @(l!j8>®W @6"6)m(§fr$m, <F.mrr®w.

6lJIm 8>8;W $)6"6)LU Uf[)lLGir

{DLruUJ- 8>6"6)8;uJ)6-6r(]urr f[)l ,%67SfiUlrrfr

!/GitJTr, d){~6"6)wuS/coiJ
(]<!FrrUJ-$6IT, Q,%rr Ifi16"6)GitJ aurr6-6rCD ®!DI~ ~f[)l6"6)1iro15f d;®

UJru/l$m

02.

®C!:£! ILmrum

~f[)l6"6)Iiro15fuJ)m

(]urr f[)l ®@6lJIfilf)61fT

@GitJ8>®L6-6r @(l!j8>@jW ®C!:£!6l5l61fTTr<!FfYJ8; ILmrum


u51$lOljw 1L8;~~fr

6T(Jjl~f[)ld; Q$rr~(JjllLmrum~f[)l6"6)1iro15f
(] <!F 6"6)ru
(D tt UJ-$

Q<!FuJUluu(Jjl$)6-6rCDf[)l' @~~

d)/wfr 1Olj$6YF/6-6r (]urr f[)l 6lJI(]<!FL <F.ru61fTi1cD@j ~

ILL..ULd;8in..UJ-Ul u51$ <!:pd;$)u.I


ILL.. u(Jjl ~

6"6) m

d)/6"6)L

iu tt m

ib $6W (Jjl Q$rr 6IT m 6Vtt t..D •


@,%t,D$rr$

02.

@di'% IL m rum ~f[)l6"6) Iiro15f!:P6"6)CDu tt L<!F tr 6"6)GitJ,Q,%rr IfiIcD<!F filf)GitJ, ( tr cf/6"6)CD~<!Ft 6"6)GitJ, w(I!j ~ f[)lru t

@rufr8;6"6)m ,%~Ul Q$rr6irm


tt m

d)/6"6)LUlrrmW ILmrum

$~LtSl6-6r

{il6"6)GitJu rfu <F.m (] u t


a eu ~

tt 6-6rCD6"6)ru<F. 6"6)m

6"6)ru)'b f[)l

{DL tt i> f[)l '% r;;V

~f[)l6"6) Iiro15f{DL euts. 8>6"6)$8; ®

tJ 8;

(Jjl t..D •

@,%W1rraL ~f[)l6"6)1iro15f 03.

<!:PUJ-UJw. @f[)l UUl6-6r,%[J8; 8in..UJ-Ul(DLrut..q_d;6"6)$Ulrr@jw. ~f[)l6"6)1iro15f GitJ~f[)l6"6)[JUlrr LroV wcD[!)1w d)/!DI~LL6b $

d)/i1<F.wrr 61fTrufr <F.@;d;(!!j uUlW16irm Q<!FuJUl (!:pUJ-UJw 03.

<!:P6"6)CDuJ)coiJ ILmrum

®C!:£! ILmrum

<!FfYJ$

®C!:£!

N~uSlGitJrr61fT ILmrum~6"6)1iro15f Qurrf[)lrurr61fT <F.(I!j~[J~


$(I!j~,

6l1KJ<!FL ~f:PutSlm WLL~GitJrr


Gl<FUl~ w(I!j~f[)lru W6"6)61fT <F.m t&/$f:P

fYJ su tb d)/ eu IT 8;@; 8; ® BTus Lf rf) :f, f[)l1iro15f 6"6)u d)/ II rf) 8; $.j IT r $ Q <!F tu GitJt t..D • ~ (I!j ru (I!j 8; ® IiI t Q $ tt (Jjl8; ® t..D 6T 5 <!F 8; 6"6) , rf) $
d)/!DIIOlj6"6)[J$6"6)m 6lJIL u51$ d)/i1$ BTUl Lfrfl~liro15ffrlOlj QU[!)1wrr61fTw d)/~,% ~@Jd;® fYJGitJW £i6"6)Ld;£/6-6rCDf[)l' d)//I<F. <!F~,%fruUrfu8;6Yf)6iJ (!:p roM 6"6) u 8; ® ib e
(D tt d; $)

aurfKBGitJrr ~f[)l

(!:PL!J-UJill ~GBtrfllOlj6"6)[J~, 6TGir CD d)/UJ- UU6"6)LuJ)6iJ @[Jrr@g)lruu aurrmCD

d){6"6)WUl6Vrrw.

® C!:£! d)/ ffiJ $

i> II IT 61fT

(I!j

i> f[)l8;

8;

6IT :$W ~

urr <!F6"6)CD<F.m, rr L<!Frr6"6)GitJ$6ir, !/6"6)CD8:<!Frr6"6)GitJ<F.6ir u

eutt fPd; 6"6)8;UJ 6-6r ~ U u .a L {DrrUJ-8;® 6;1t,DU(Jjl~/l8;

BTUl Lfrfl~f[)l1iro15ftT6"6)ru a/F 6"6)611

@~

!/CDWrr$ 132

@~

{!jLJT~

(!:Pt..q..UJill

Q8>rrmm 133

(!:pUJ-UJw.

04.

(!!JC!:f)s5J!D(!!Jro- UGlJs5J{Ij!DL~{Ij {ljw~ ~@lUruiMiI~6M UfTir~~ W ~ ~.$

w!D!!)Jw

(!!J67WffiJa;@9~LUl ~La;ro@ffiJ(!!J {Ij~wu

c!:prorfr~ruuUfTira;ro-. a;@L.DwfT!iJ!Dl

uW
(!!J~

09.

(!!J~

~6YTru6YT ~~~67W ~La;Gir ~

c!:p~IJ)u.nGiU @@8;a;GlJfTw.

uGiU (36lJ!!)Ju J/GlJ (3CF~ru @~ {Ij ~L

UL L
!DfTlJI-a;ro-

J/[5:if~~u L.Dtt

{Ij~UlfTGir

!DL~~{ljuJ)~6M

{ljrorfr~WILJ~LUl

iJ ern tu ~

Q a; tt "" eu {IjiJ (!!J ~@rufT £/rorfr IJ)~.


!DfTlJI-8;(!!J~ {ljw~

CF {Ijtr U U

rh

6l5IC3 CFL
~ru{ljfT~8;(!!JW c!:p~IJ)a;ro-

C3 GlJtt CF~
(3UfT~

6M a; ""

~GiU GlJ~
s5J(3CFL

a: 6YT ru6rr ~ ~ ~ 67W


a;~6YT

~6YTru6YT~~~67WuJ)@lGir
~iFCFc!:pGir6YT (3CF~6lJ Qa;fTGirru{lj!D(!!J @thfh

~{ljfT [J67WWfT a; CFf!:Pdi wfT!iJ!Dldi

!DfTlJI-u.n@u(3ufT[JfTa;6lfw

@@.$a;GlJfTw. @{Ij!iJa;fT6M

!DL~~{ljuJ)~6M
OI~UlfT

~6YTru6YT~~~67W

.fL6YT6lJ6YT ~~~67W

CF6MUU@£/rorfrlJ)~.

.fLU(3UlfT £/8;a; @Uls.HL.DfT £/rorfrlJ)~.

05.

!/GlJ ~~67W

!DfTlJI-a;ro- (!!JC!:f)~wirs5JiJ«!J !DL8;(!!JW(3UfT~

c!:prorfr6lJ[J~ {ljUlffiJ(!!JrufTira;ro-. WfT!iJIJ)UUL@

10.

(!!JC!:f)s5J@lGir !DroVGlJ(3{1jfTir @~Ls5J~6M~Ul

~OIs5J@~tI

QCFuJ~

UGlJ ~L.Dir6lfa;Gir Qa;fTro-6YTGlJfTw.

~[5{1j :tI~GlJ~W
~OIo;ill@~:if

Qa;fTro-6YTru{lj!D(!!J !DroVGlJQ{ljfT@ ~1J)6lf c!:p~IJ)~Ul (3rum,@w. ~ L";'

a;LIJI- {ITC!:f)uL/{ljroV {ljGir~wa;m-

{ljUldia;u5IGir!Dl c!:pGir6lJ@W

{ljGir~W~Ul

QCFuJ~di

~ffiJ

(!!J {Ij~UlfTm-

w!iJ!!)J W ~

@[Ja;J/Ul fT@6lJ@.$

aD ILJ ""

6YT ~

W CF";' a; ""
Qa;fTro-@9w

fill Q6lJ

aD~

L u.n GiU

a;GlJ[5~~[JUlfTlJI-

~!Dl[5~8;Qa;fTGir6YT

C!:PlJI-lLJw. @{Ij@lGir CFth{ljirUUW

{Ij~UlfTir

06.

cf) GlJ ~,,;,

8; ~

f!f/ 6M iT 8; ""
@~ L
@th{lj

(!!JC!:f)eu tt a;.$

8in.1JI-u.n@u

U {IjiJ (!!J W 11.

s5J@~tl67!DU@~tl8;

$)~L8;£/GirIJ)~.
ueoit

~6lJ

iT a;@9.$

(!!J""

6l5I fWI6M~

Q {IjfTL

iT t.fl fWI6M 6lfI @ ~ ~


{ljw~ @@uu

QCFtUru{lj!iJ(!!JW

J/[JL.Dr6Ja;Gir @@8;a;GlJfTw.

(!!JC!:f) ~6YT6lJ6YT~fWI~ ~ {ljo;illir~~8; Qa;fTro-6YT

!/[5{1j~6MU

(3UfT di(!!Ja;@98;(!!J

~~{Ij

{ljrorfr~L.DILJ~LUl

~L.Dir6lfa;IDrfI6MfTroV 6lJfTtUUL/8;

:tI~GlJfWlWuJ)~6M

{ljfTroV a;@~~8;a;fWI6YT £/fWILdi£/GirIJ)~.

~~{Ij

{ljrorfrfWIWuJ)roV c!:pGir ~6lJ8;a;

$)L@£/Gir!D~' ~6YT6lJ6YT~~~6W
!DfTlJI-8;(!!J ~:ifa; QCFUlroV !DL6lJIJI-8;~a;uJ)Gir(]UfT~

CF[5{1jirUUW a;@~~8;a;~6YT

~{lj6MfTroV

~@ru@diQa;fT@ruir
CFth{ljirUUW

Q6lJlDrfluu~LUlfTa;

c!:pGirfWI6lJ8;a;

07.

{Ij~UlfTro(3CF~6lJ

'€j>@
(!!J~ (3W!iJ

$)fWIL8;£/rorfrlJ)~. a;fTLLUULL
CFfT{lj8;WfT6M e!j)GlJW 67!DU@W {ljGirfWIwa;m~6'lT6lJ6YT~~fWI6W (!!JC!:f)

a;fTGlJ s5J[JUlW

67!iJu@£/GirIJ)~.

~6YTru6YT~~~67W
C!:P1JI-£/rorfrlJ)~.

(!pGlJW @th{lj

:tI~GlJuJ)~6M

L.DfT!iJ!Dldi Q8;fTm-6YT

!DLrulJl-~a;uJ)Gir

~{Ij

(36lJ~6YT!/GlJ ~L.Da;@9w

~6'lTru6YT~~~67W

e!j)GlJW 67!DUL rufTtUUL/m,@.

08.

(!!JC!:f) ~6'lT6lJ6YT~~fWI6W Brc!:pa;L.DfT 8;~ iCir ~~di (3CFir 8;~a;8;(!!J QCFri.JlLJwaUfT~ ffjluliGlJfT6M

c!:pfWllJ)uJ)roV QUfT~6lJfT6M

OI[JiF!/~6Ma;fWI6'IT WfT a; ~rf)6M iF

Qa;fTm-6YT C!:PlJI-lLJw. ~{ljfT[J6W

~1JI-~L.DUlfT ~th{ljth{lj

£/ ~ro-6YT J/GlJ@8;(!!J ~6YTru6YT~~fWI6W ~La;@9~roCFthg,rruuw 67!DU@W

~6YT, ~U;;&UlroV
!DL6lJIJI-~a;

1).

(!!JC!:f)o;ill@lGir

@@8;£/GirIJ)

{IT

roV GlJfT ~ffiJ a; ~:if67J1 ir a;@9w


J/GlJ@8;(!!J
{IT {IT

~ (3!7

@LirUfT@a;~6YT
Qa;rUM6lJ{Ij!D(!!J

(!!JC!:f) ~6YT6lJ6YT~~67W

{ljGir~L.D ILJGir6YTlJir a;m6

~roV eoti,

:if ir

L.DfT!iJIJ)LDtt 6M @{Ij@lm-

e!j)GlJW iCir~8;

£/~L8;£/GirlJ)t6I.

GllGir C!:p ~ IJ)Ul tt 67J1 W 6MU U tt ffiJ(!!J w!iJ lJ)6lJir a;@98;(!!J


{IT"

fP @Lc!:pm,@.
6lJs.H~L

ir L.DL.DfT 6M

uJGir

L roV 67!iJU L

135 134

~ L (Yl ~

@.

s: {!)rr [J 6W LDrr a;

5r {J)l6lJ Ii

!PI Glj. 'fj}(J!j6lJir

Ur [J a

uut

a;

{EL~.wI{!)a;~8;® ~ffiJa;~{!)6lJir a;~w

fLLULL
~6lJfr

1).

6,J!PIW 'fj}@ ®@6lSIGM ~ffiJa;{f>il~ira;m ~ [Ja;cf) UJLDrr ~ !PI usn ~

{f>LD!PI {!)6"5f/UULL!PIW

~ffiJa;~{!)6lJir

~{!)Wlm

1h rn

.wiLD.wI UJ

U rr!PI a;rr ~!PI 8; Qa;rr sir 61T cil.wlL8; a;LDrr L L rr!PI.


~ct;UliilJrrLDtjJ G'ilFUJUJ ucD a6lJ6W@W.

~@tE{!)rrcoiJ lFfYJa;w ~ffiJ£a;rf)8;a;rr

{!)QlFUJcoiJa;.wIm ®Q;g6lSlcoiJ LDtjJUJ

(YlUJcoiJ6lJrrira;a 61TUJrr ~coiJ ~{f>f1)lsir ~

;$IUJtE a;1iiIJ {!) tE!PI.wI [JUJrr L coiJ

Q{!)rrLirurrcoiJ QlFUJUJ (YltjJuuiilJrrw.


{h!PI.wl6WUJrrmrf)GM

'fj}rn {J)l

6,JcD U L ~~a;

lFt5 {f>rr u uti:

2).

fL61T6lJ61T {h!PI.wl6WUJrr61Tir

~tE{€l.wlIiilJ.wILD.wIUJ utrii

®Q;g s.etreuer {h!PI.wl6Wu1IGM a{Err 8;a;w fLm6lJm


QlFUJtjJ;$ILL{h;$ltjJ®

(YlUJ~UJrrsuw ®Q;g6lilWlm

lFtEfl>iruuffiJa;r;;yf)Qj ~ihfl>.wIa;UJ ~a;ih!)61fTira;vir

6T;$I[Jrr~ {!)GMoo~5

a;@~Mm

®Q;g6lSlcoiJ ~@tEa{!) {!) i I


aurrdrUJ

6T1J)

~ L (Yl ~
Q{!)rrLirLJa;m,

@. a: {!) r [J 6W tb r

5r IiiIJ

IF t5

uu ffiJa; 61FI1DiJ a; rr {!)IDiJ


6T/lirurr[Jrr{!)

~@U

a;m.

~{f>.wI~U

af1

fL61T6lJ61T {h!PI.wl6WUJrr61Tir a{f>1JI- ~!!SItE!PI8; Qa;rrsirm

alFir8;.wIa;

{€la;YXjlJa;m ®Q;g6lSltjJ®mam

6,JtjJUL ~L(Yl6W@. {!)6"5f/UULL!PIW @ ~ {!)U u@ tb


~wlFffiJa;.wIm

2).

®Q;g s: 61T 6lJ61T ~!PI.wI6W.wIUJ


fL6lT6lJ61T{h!PI.wl6WUJrr 61T ~!PI fr ucDc6IU.Jw
IF t5 {!)r i

~[JW

W8; a; (YlGM ~ ir {f>.wIIiiIJ.wILD lFa;1iiIJ ~wlFffiJa;m ~~rrlDiJ

3).

lFWUtE{f>LDrr~ ~c61~L@6lJrrir.
IF

®Q;g fLm6lJm{h!PI.wl6W
~ [J a; 5r UJ!PI LDrr ~ lFtE{!)iruuffiJa;m

{EL6lJIJI-8;.wIa;u1IGM aurr!PI

{!)61!i .wi LD a; G1T ~t.iJ u

IiiIJ U U

~ffiJa;~/I~@8;® ® ®iE {!) ;w a


.wi [J

cf)1iiIJ

U u ffi.t a; 61FI1DiJ~ ~ {!).wI ; UJ ~w a 6,JtjJu@W


®@6liI1DiJ fLm6lJm

ffiJ a;.wI61T LD/18; a; n LDroO ~ ~ {!) a; UJ ~

fL@6lJrra;liiIJrrw.

~[Ja;.!IUJLDrr~

~.wI6lJa;~8; ~ ~ a; ~ '" ~
t5J[JiF.!I.wI~

6lJ.wIa;uf)coiJ QlFUJliilJrr!D {J)lW

®Q;g6lSltjJ®QrurDYfl<]UJ a;.wI{!)uu{!)~ (!pIiilJW ~(l;Ifi/.wIIiiIJ.wILD fL@6lJrra; ~L(Yl~.

a; rr 6W (Yl1JI- U.J • t.iJ


~!PI

lFtE{!)iruuffiJa;GYf)coiJ (Yl@

{h!PI.wl6W {EL6lJIJI-8;.wIa;a;~8;®W utjJ!!SIU.JW a;6lJ~{h;$ltjJ®

4).

6,JtjJUL 6lJEfi/6lJ®8;®W.

®Q;g fLm6lJ6'(f ~.wI6WUJrrm@8i® ucoiJa6lJ{J)lUULL


~aliilJrrlF.wI~a;m

®Q;g6lSl~

{€lir6lJ£l8i®t.Daurr!PI

'fj}Q;g8;a;rrjJ{J)lU tlI[J ~.!I.wI~ a;m ®Q;g6lSltjJ®m t


QJ

6T@{h{!)coiJ a6lJ6W@W. 3). ®@ fLm6lJm


a;rrliilJw UW a;rrliilJ{h;$l.wl~ {h!PI.wl6WuilGM ~[Jwu (Yl{f>coiJ,(Yl1JI-6lJ6lJ.wI[J 6TcoiJliilJrr

6T@6lJ.wI {!) ~6lJ {!)r 00 8; a; (Yl1JI- U.J . ® Q;g6lf) cD® 6T6iJ 6lJm r tb 6lJEfi/{EL{h{!)coiJa;mQlFUJUJUULL
s: 6lT 6lJm ~ !PI.wI6W t51[J~.f/~ (Yl~~[J ®<!:p6lSItjJ®m aurr/lsuw

5r IiiIJ

Qa:UJcoiJ {EL6lJIJI-~~W

~LLL15LuUL@mm~.
{ErrIJI-a;m

fLmmLMUJ,
~~rr~

IF

t5 {!) i U u ~ a; GYf) IDiJ I

{E L 6lJIJI- 8; .wi a; fL@6lJrra;liiIJrrw. ~[JrrUJiF.!Ia;m

~ffiJa;~~ira;~8i®

~!!SIUJuu@i£,{!)uu@w.

~t.DuLDrr®W

cf)1iiIJIF tE{!)ir U uffiJa;GYf)rn alF.wI6lJ


Qa;rr@~!PIG1Tm uUJ~u@i£,{!)rr uUJGMu@~t1 sureo

Qu tjJ{J)l8;Qa;rr6W L
(Yl.wlUJUJrra;u ~a;LDrr £IrnUJ~ir.
a;

lFrf/UJrra; uUJGMu@{h!PI6lJir. ~6lJa;rrlF~"'.wI~

~;$IcoiJ .!IliiIJir QU!D{J)l8;

®Q;g fLm6lJ6lT ~!PI.wI6W {EL{h{!)UUL@mm~. ~ULdr


~rrUJ~.f/a;r;;yf)~ulJI~a;6lTrr6lJ~.

u tjJ!& ucoiJa6lJ{J)lUULL
~{!)Wlvir 1976~w

~6W@

a;rrOOL (Gazd)
(!p6lJ@W a;6lJ~w QlFUJ{!) QlFsui£,{!) 6lTrr ir a;m

{!)!PIL~ ~~f1)ltb

.f/1iiIJu;" a;rr1iilJ~.wI~ a
QutjJ{J)l8;Qa;rrm a6lJ~@W.

(Lifton) 'fj}UcoiJQlFW (Oblsem) ~£IUJ ®@ fL6lT6lJm ~.wI6WuS/coiJ

W[JaUJrr lF~ffiJa;.wIm

~!PIUtjJ!6l6T ~lFrf)8;.wIa;UJrr a; ~@8;a; 4). .fI1iiIJ IF tE{f>ir U u ffiJ a;~GiJ


QlFUJcD u@w

a6lJ6W IJI-UJ ~WlFffiJ a;m

.!I1iiIJ6lJcD.wIUJ (Yldr .wI6lJ~!PIm

'fj}@6lJ.wI[J 'fj}@6lJir

uJcrfI8;Q a;rr 6W @
@t5{!)

~crfI®!61a;m

Q6lJ61FI8; a;rrL LU u@W. 137

136

8't6tDrTUU%tlroV
C6L.@UU@~tDroV C6L.@UU@~tD

!L6Yr6lJ6Yr%~~mrUJrH;fTrT (]6lJmr@w.
!)fiilJ

@t6rf/~fiilJ~W~UJ
@@d;C6 c!:p'4-IL(W. Qurr@L.@

8't6tDrTUUffiJC661f)roV~ru6lJrr£!)J

c!:pt.q..UJrrtD [hUrrC66ir ®@6lJ1~61r


[hL611t.q..8;~C6uflm

5).

®@

!L6Yr6116Yr%~~mr

~(][T

®@wu~il6'6r

~ffiJC6~il6IfT~[T

QtDrf)611~ 6,JeD!DtDroix;;V ~uut.q..UJrr6IfT iI!Dt6tD ~t.q..UU~LultcoV

07
rmlLW

8't6tDrTUUffiJC661f)coV tDWffJi C6®~ffJi8;C6~6Yr UI~Wult6'6r1}5l c!:pm~6118;C6 6). 8'rrtDrr[TmrWrrC6 Q8'uJUJUUL.L !L6Yr6116Yr~ffJi~mr


C6L.@UU@%tDUULcoV

@611rrC66YrrrcoVC!:pt.q..UJrrWeD (]urr seomi:

c!)J,w6lI
lOT f!)lw m

(Case Studies)
!L 6Yr6116Yr %ffJi~mr QC6rr mrL

~uJQ611rrml}5lmut.q.. 90 /luSlLIbJ
(][hrrd;c£)~6IfT

IOTcoVfiilJrr ®~
C6@j$®m ~~Lt6ffJid;

~WrT @/C6@jW (]611mr@w. IOTtlrrurrrr8;®w

~@l/®C!:P~!D

@t6!9lrrGJIf!)l6ir ~UJ

C6!D £!)JC6

@t6tD C6rrfiilJ%iI~6IfT tDrrmrt.q..

(8C6rrL.Urr@C661f)f!)l6ir6Yr

~W8'ffiJC6~6YrU !L6Yr6116Yr ffJi~mr %

Ulv(]UJrr c£)u UtDm uulteD!)ultcoV

Q8'UJeDU@W (]urrffJi

e!:PfiilJW QtDrr y5)roV611rrmr~wUJrr6IfT QC6rrmr@ 611[T C!:pt.q..lL(w.


!L6Yr6116Yr ~~u.J)6'6r

QC6rr6ir6Yr c!:pt.q..UJrrffJi (]urr c£)6'6r!DffJi.

7).

!L6Yr6116Yr ffJi~mr ~

~wrr

@/C6~6Yr [hLrr ~illF ~t.q..U~Lu.J)coV

Q8'coV611tDeD®6,JeD!D Q611eDc61 W tDffiJc£)IL(6ir6Yr~.cg,WcoV


~~

(]urr~

Ulv(]UJrr .$)UUtDcD® 6,JtjJ!!J ~@l/(f1jc!:p~~

cg,WcoV ~~WtDcoV

~611!)UJwrr®w.

@t6tD ~wrr6lJ1m W611ffJi m L

#JfiilJ @t6!9lrrGJIcoV c!:pm~611d;C6UUL.@6ir6Yr6IfT. ~@l/®C!:P~!D~UJ w!D £!)J ®@ W (]tD~611UJrrm


Q8'uJUJUUL.@6ir6Yr ~t.q..uu~LUJrrC6d;

@tDeD® (]WfiilJrrC6 @t6tD tD~UJrr6ir, ®@wu c!:pUJ!Dcf1

(]tDrrcoV6lJ1g,WcoV~~w6lJ1m c @Lwrr

W6IfT~ tD8; C6611[T8; 8in.t.q..UJtDrr C6 ~~ C6@/W~~WtDcoV (]611mr@w.

tI UJrr

rT uflfiilJrr 61fT !L 6Yr6116Yr ~ ~ mr uflroV R'@U@611fh!D® %


Ulmm6M~UJ ~.

tI

QC6rrmr@

61fT

QU!D£!)J8; QC6rr@uutD!D@5 UrTL.#J%ffJiu

QtDrr y5)coV611rrmr~wUJrrm

!L6Yr6116Yr ~ffJi~mru.J)coV

@5@ !L6Yr61J6Yr ~~~mr ~f!)lU611ffiJC66ir

d;® QtDrr y5)coVIfilUJrrm

(6IL/mr ~~611W weD£!)Jw QtDrf)@/ Q8'uJUJ @5@w !L6Yr6116YrtD


[hL~tDd;

R'@ULrrtD611rTC661r @~tD ~u~tDrr


C6 C!:Pl4-UJfiilJrrw.

urrrT%tDcoV ffJi~mr[hrrt.q..8;@5

QC6rrmr L

!L6Yr6116Yr ~~mrUJrr6"fT~[T ~

(]611mr@w. ffJi~mr~UJ
C6L.@UUrr@,

8'rrtDrr[TmrWrrC6

tD~UJrrGir

w!D£!)Jw

6lJ1L @5@ !L6Yr6116"fT ~ffJi~mru.J)f!)l6ir

urrrf)UJ(]tDrrrr Qurr£!)JuL/

(]wcbain.!DUULL

~t.ba=ffiJC6~6Yr ~~mrUJrr 6lJ1@~iI (] 8' ~611

C6 QC6rrmr@ !L6"fT6116"fT ~~ Qurr@L.@


!)fiilJ

C6rrmr .$ain.t.q..UJtDrr !L6ir6"fT~. 6lJ1a8'LWrr C6 ®@Q611rrml}5lf!)l6ir C6 ®@~61J Ul[TtDrrm [hLrr~illF (]urrm!D


@5@

~c61@/ iI!D~WC6~6"fT
Ul [Tif cf1~m

Q8'uJffJi QC6rr6ir@jW

Q8'coV;gyJtDcoV weD£!)Jw ~1}5I~L.@tDcoV Q611!Dc6lC6[TWrrC6 ~~Lt6ffJi


C6~6Yr WL.@W

rf/C6f:P611rr J@/C66ir @ffiJ(]C6 u IL(L m R'@UL.t.q..@~w !LffiJ<$(itfLw

c!:pm ~6118; C6U u L.@Gir6Yrm. 61J~rrcoV ~uUl[TlF!)~m~UJ

@ % tD~C6UJ

(][hrr$C6IbJC6~6"fT

[hrr t.q..QUJ tt m £!)J !L 6"fT61J6Yr ~ mr ufl coV %ffJi

QC6rr6ir611tDeD@5 tD®ilUJrrm !L6"fT6116Yr ~ffJi~mr


6lJ1LUJrr®w.

C6eD!D !L6"fT6116Yr ~~~mrUJrr6"fTfr

JjirM ~C66ir
6Tmm

Q8'uJ611tDeD® rtlUJu5I~$l>roV u51C6 c!:pd;c£)UJwrrm

1OT@d;®W [hL611t.q..d;~C6, tD~fiilJu1@ weD£!)Jw !).$)lF~8' IOTm£!)J!LffiJC6@jd;@5 u®uurruJ@/

ilL.LffiJC66ir

Q8'uJUJ C!:pt.q..lL(w. t6tD (][hrr d;C6ffiJC6~6Yr @


139

138

8i(l!j~ilGiJ clJ(I!j~iI

~611~~

~ri.J8iroir c!:pGIir~611d;8iUU~(£iroir6Yf C!:PIJI-ILJW.


!il8i {jl611tt til cl)GiJ

@ti;~ rEt8iW611fTuJQf

@j(£iwu~GiJ @611fr8i~d;@j

fYJGIir!DfT611~,[EfTGlir8ifT6lJ~ ~ri.J8i~il61STfr8iroir ~~8i6YffT@jW_ ~Ulfr 8iGiJclJ ~.;;yf)$8i


@(l!jti;~

~aSJd;~8i~Ul

6lJfTcfI~~

G~~611UlfT61ST ~aSJQfW WdJ!!)JW iI!D~LD8i~6Yf

rEt~C!:PW ~dJa=fT8iW Q8ifT~LfTroir_ GLDCOVfT LDiI~~fT6Yi. 8i u@jilui'lGiJ

Qa=uJUl SLri.J8i~d;@jW

8iGiJclJui'lGiJ @611fr 8i~d;@j 611fTLIJI-Ul~. @(l!jti;~w


611(l!jt..D Q U tu IT 8i 6ir , 8i iJ U ~ 61STf) GiJ u

QUfT(£i GUfT d;@j LD!!)J4!DW @611~6Yf

~Wt.5)LDfTfr 8i~6Yf ~ui'lrfI~w

/fftc!:Pd;£)Ul @jaSJU4 :M!! IT

@ ti; ~

8i 6ir

Q ~ tt yf1GiJ G U tt Gir !D~ 611 ~

cfJ rfI tu rfI Gir

a=LD~[JfTclJGIir fYJ~~ a=G8ifT~rfI @611fr8iroir 611fT@W ~~u5I~~


6ll(£i 8iLIJI- ~ri.JG8i @6116Yf~ @j(£iwuw [ELti;~

611fTWti;~61STfr. a=LD~[TfTclJGIir @j(£iWU~~LGIir /fftLIJI-Ul ~!DGlJLGIir


~.;;yf)~~ ~6116Yf~

~~LDti;~~611UlfT@jW.

6ULw

~w~

8'LD~!JIT6U'6rlr CFU[J$C!:P611 LDfT8ifT0W~~~ Gufr


Q8ifT6WL

6'.$o$&U
CFLD~[JfT[EfTGIir@j

Q8ifTroir6YffTiI(l!juu~ ~LD~

a=LD~[JfTclJdJ@j ~iI(l!juiI~Ul ~GlirUfT 8iG611 G[EcfI~~fTroir. LDfT~fTti;~ G611~61STW@j(£iwu ~LD~


et 6'ir u~

GUfTiI~w

~LGlirt.5)!DUUfT61ST fYJ~~ CFG8ifT~rfI~UlUJW

t.5)roir~6Yf8iroir @(l!j611~[JUJW
611cf1ut.5)LLDfT8id; Q8ifT6WL @[J6WLfT611~

@j(£iwu~ilGiJ

LD8i6YffT611fTroir. @6116Yf~
20 Q~ tr ySlGiJ 611fT {jl8; ~8iu.fl6'ir

CFW~[JfTclJ61ST~W, ~8iUU61ST~W QCF6t)GlJ8i~8;@j


t.5)m~6Yf 8i~d;@jW @(l!jti;~~.

~8ifrGlJif

~8iuuGIir
@~Lui'lGiJ

Q~fT y5ldJCFfT~COVQUlfTGlir6lGiJ [JilUlfT 8i 8iL~LD~fTdJ6IUl6lJfr. CFfT @611 [J~

611(1!jLIliJ8i roir Q8ifT 6W L

cC6W L

QCF6t)GJ1LUULL61ST.

fYJ~~

a=G8ifT~rfl8;@jW,

tgfl[J6Yf611fT611~ a=6t)GlJQCFuJUl @611m ~611!DclJGiJ~6t). Q Q611!!)J1liJ 8i61ST11fT 6 8iG6lJ G~fTy5l8i6ir ~u[J0Wriu8im ~fTW u!b!!9 ~LD~ CF8i ~cflrflUl~
~~L,

LD~ ~(l!jti;~w

IUl Uf:fJd;8iW @611~[J Q~fTdJaSJd; Q8ifT6WL~. CFLD~[JfTclJGIir~8iuuGIir


t.5)m~6Yf 8i~LGIir

@~61STtr 6U a=LD~ [JfTGJ1 dJ@j G CF U 4 u5I UfTLCFfT~6t)ui'lGiJ Q8ifTroir~wGufT~ Q8ifTm61161STGlJ QCFuJ~ ~riu8i ~~8i6t)Glir8im,
~6Yf6lJ61mclJ8;

LD~ ~(l!jti;ilclJL(£i
/fft(l!j Gu tt~GLD CF~~Lui'I(£i6lJ~~ @(l!jti;G~

Q611aSJILJLGIir @GiJ6t)W4@jW

LD~61STclJu.fILW CF6W~L

CFiFa= [JclJGiJ R'(£iULLfT~W ilGiJ~6t). @(l!jti;~w

CF ~Lu.fILL 6W

LD~61STclJUJ L6'ir cf1!!)Jt.5)[JfTUl~ilGiJ


8ifT[J0WLDfT 8i

@611m

[66WL

QU(I!j fYJifaT clJL~

t.5)m~6Yf 8im ~ri.J£8i!fld;8iclJGiJ~6t).

~611!DGJ1GiJ~ 6t). LD61ST; @jf:fJu U LD~ L ti;~fT ~ W ~6lJ6ir 8 QUfT!DfT~LDUJLGIir G[EfT8;a;clJGiJ~6t). [EfT~W QUfT @~w

Ul tt ~ [JUJW

CFLD~[JfT ~61ST ~

~8iU u~GIir

[EL6lJIJI-8;~8i8iroir
8ifT0WUULLfTm.

~d;8i~~LWJW,

W61STd; @jf:fJUU~~LWJW

4L(l!j6WGLfTlJI-61ST. 8ifT6t)d; £)[JLD~ilGiJ CFLD~[JfTclJ6'ir


cfI~!DUULLfTGIir.

32 611Ul~~ fiTLIJI-U t.5)1JI-~~d; Q8ifT6WIJI-(l!jd;@jW CFLD~[JfTrgj)fr ~cflrfI~Ul

~8iuuGIir

UfT!fICFG[EfTui'l61STfTGiJ 6llLIJI-WJmG6Yf
~6Yffr~il611fTd;@jd; G8iLLGiJ,

fiT61STG6lJ @(I!j~

~@jw. GUfTiI~w

et ~~~61STGUlfT

iI(l!jLD0W

CFwuti;~ri.J8iroir @6lJ~6Yf ~ G~IJI- 6lJti;~ clJ[J d;iI 8ifT[J0W LDfT 8i


~

a=LD~[JfTclJGIir~fTuJ ~~ [EWt.5)d;~8i~Ul ~t.5)~~GiJ, GuuJ~

8i0W611~61STd; 8ifTUUfTdJ!D ~~Ul~ilGiJ

~6W

8i~6Yf U udJaSJUl ~611[EWt.5)d;~8i,

~fTGiJ 8iLLGiJ,

LDti;iI[Jriu8im
Q8ifT6WLfTroir. cC~L

~~~~61ST
~611~

~UlUJW LD!!)J~roJSI~~fTm. ~61STfTGiJ cl'i6lJfT 8iW QCFuJUJW~~CF LDfT61ST611[JWJ 8; @j QCFuJ~fTm.

8; aD 6U 6t) tt LDdJ G U tt 8icl) GiJ~ su, Q U tt ([!j ~

Q~fTGiJ~cov @~6118i.;;yf)GiJ [EWt.5)d;~8i

@~61STfTGiJ llLIJI-WJroirG6Yf g~CF8im, 6 [EfTm Q~fTL[JclJGiJ~6t). tfj}(I!j GUtf/IJI-UlfT8i ~LD~~.


@~dJ£)~Lui'lGiJ

CFfTti;il611y5lUfT(£i8im, Ulti;iI[J wti;iI[J ~8iuu61ff)GIir LD[J0W w @GlirWJw QLD@8ifT 8i CFLD~[JfT 4L(I!j<iI61STfTm.

8ifT~iI(l!jd;8i~fTGIir

G6lJ~6t)8iroir [ELti;~61ST. U0Wc!:pW clJ[JUlLDfT£)Ul~. @ti;rEt~6t)~LD


~61STro&~L 141

140

cl/ licl/~8><F.rr

61fT

{hcoiJ~. fPJcoiJ u5100uSiGlir {h<F.Uu Glir <F.w:i>Q{hrr ySlcoiJQa=lllfPJ


tJ)6irIOlfl6'fr<F.m zgfill@W {DGlir(!!j <F.roiJcl/ <F.!D<F. au trn eueott (!!jW. ua {h {hrr uJ)6ir
uitt <F. {hrrrU

(!!j(j}lwu:i>li6ir
67 tjJu L LfPJ.

(YJ@iF arlOlflwlOIflUJU/w @6l..Im {hrrffiun afill61WIJI-UJ @[E{hU


U@!j6l[L6ir

{i1101fl~
{hrr 6ir

(!!j(j}lWU:i>IOIfl{h uurrwrfluufillir. a6l..l~


61 U

wtjJlJ) :L1J)cl/6IfTir <F.m (!!j(j}lWU:i>1OIfl{h

(j}l W

616ir

@{htjJ<F.rr <F. @6lJm fill@Wrr6l1TU


Lrf.Ja;m

67 cOIL (j}l W u rr it 8><F.rr Qfillf!)l U LJW @6l..I1OIfl6YT ~1OIfl~8><F.ySI 8><F. {h ~

Qa=rU{h6IfT.~IJI-MIJI@IOIflL6lf!1OIfl
61fT ~

{hrruSiGlir t4M #r§i 6lS!@6l..Irrm. {hrruSi6IfTfPJUJ, W<F.ml6IfTfPJw


Q {h rr L ir LJ<F. ~ <F. r ~ 8> aD u W ~ :i/ coiJ {Do;Jf filllOlfl L UJ~ r <F.illlOlfl ~ U/ L 61ST f <F. r ~ r

u rr (j}l u L 6l[W

{h UJrrurr <F. @@[E{hrr6tT.

<F.~ fillWl6ir

u tjJr.vrr8>(!!j1Olfl1J)<F.rr ~ U

<F.IOIflL<F.@!j8>(!!j :L~6l[UU61W

Qa=rUfPJIOIflfill:i>fPJ!'IcOI{h6YT u~ 6l[
fPJroiJu5I61lfI(!!j(j}lWu~roiJ ey>~ u~

:i>1OIfl{h:L IOIfl::P:i>fPJ f Q<F.rrmfillrr ea.

Q{hrrLrf.J$)6IfT.
Q u@ey>

a=W{hUrr {hOOIOlflWIOIflUJ {DrrIJl-6IfTrrm. {hOOaUJ !'I[Eliuurrm. @Gil6l..lrrlJ)rr<F.8;

8= ar 6lf! (j}l fill rr ~.

UlwIOIfl6YTUJrr(!!jW.~

{hWfPJ Ulua{ha=~roiJ

:L@61WGLrrIJl-6IfT. a=W {h []IT cl/6ir {h6l..l1J) cl/coiJlOIfl~.


u

~IOIflW[EfPJW6YT ~IOIflL Qa=rUfPJ $)IOIflL8;(!!jW


u IJI-u IJI-UJrr <F. (!!jlOlfllJ)filllOlfl{h ~fillm
61Ii
:L ~

{hUJrrrfluLJ:i> Q{hrrySl!Da=rrlOlfl~QUJrr6ircOlcoiJ afilllOlfl~


:i>1OIfl{f>a=a<F.rr{hUir <F.ml6ir <F.coiJcl/ a=~cl/tjJ(!!jw, Q

f§rr u <F. a=8>Ii @{h6ir

U~

£9l<F.ir6l[iFQa=~6lS!!D(!!jw UUJ6iru(j}l:i>fPJ6l..Irrw. fPJroiJu5I61lfI<F.. urr .{h.:LUJir {hUU Q UrT LIOIfla=u5)roiJ @(!!j urr Lrf.J<F.m !'I:i>liUJ IOIflL [E{hfillm. Q{hrr ySItjJa= lOIfl~rillroiJ rr a6l..l1Olfl~8;(!!jiF aa= it [E{h tJ)6ir {hWfPJ a=<F.Urr IJI- uut ~ fill6l1T rr <F.@@[E{h aru51:i> 616irUfillWJLGiT
IL~ :i/a

cl/1OIfl 6YT 6l[

ir <F.rr u ~1OIfl{hU U tjJcOIUJ u UJust <F. s

rfI~ u5I ~{hfPJ. {h6IfT sun W8>IOIfl<F.61Ii ir wu au rr 8;$)roiJ {DGlS)fillIOlflL6l..I1OIflh fPJ {


<F.rr~~
{hfilllJ)cl/coiJlOIfl~.

~fill6tT

a=rf.J${h~licoiJ @fill6tT ~ru6l..l6YT6l[ tJ)rf)UJW aa=rr <F.${hrf.J8jIOlfl6YT:i> {hrfl6l[ Q


{hoolOlflwuSiroiJ

<F.rr{hroiJ {hrrLirLJ Q

Q<F.rr61WLrrW. urrfPJ<F.rruLJu UIOlflLrillroiJ

1OIfl6l..l8;<F.rr 1i(!!j[E{hrr~w aa=rr<F.${hrf.J<F.IOIfl6YT (YJ~ {i1{h(YJW ~aru

@8;<F.rr~8;<F.LL:i>liroiJ

UJrr <F. u rr ir 8; (!!j tb ar ufI~ W

aD f::PIOIflW uJ) coiJ

<F.1OIfl L

tfJ {Drr ~ coiJ

Qa=rUfPJQa=cl/aUJ!D<F.:i> {h1Olfl~UULLrrm. (YJ~:i>{hrrm.

@@8;(!!jW aurrfPJ

fPJroiJu5I~uSiGiT @roiJ~w

fillu:i> {hfilllJ)cl/roiJlOIfl~.

@fillir<F.6'frfPJ u51<F.Q{D(!!jrf.J£lUJ

1L1J)6l[ urrGlS)UJroiJ {hrrLirUlroiJ Q


61{hIir:i>

(YJ1JI-6l..IIOIflLU/W c'9I6YT6lS!dJ(!!j fill6YTir[6{h1@[6{h9jl.

uM:i>lilOlfl6IfT

a{Drr 8;$)UJ @6l..I6YTfPJ 6IfTW W

lilOlfla=uSiroiJ

@6l..Iir <F.6YT (YJ{h~rrfill~ ~ ~uaurr~

urrGlS)UJroiJQ{hrrLir

tJ)GiT aurr ~ {h6IfT <F.GiT~:i> ~ (Virginity) $Iuw:i>{hIroiJ


!'I1OIfl{h6l[

{D<F.u:i> Q{hrrLrf.J£lUJfPJ. urrrf)UJ ~6YT6lS!roiJ:L6YT Q{D@8;$L(j}l8;(!!jW6YTrr6IfTrrm. @{h6ir cl/1OIfl6YT6l[ {i1{h(YJw {h1Olfl~fillGlS) @filllOlfl6YT 6l..IrrLL:i> w@[E~
@@8; @filllOlfl6YT 8; (!!j~ <F. rra to rr ~
61 61ST f!)J

{hGiTIOIflWIOIflUJi1®tJ)8;<F. @fill6YTrrcoiJ (YJIJI-UJrrwcoiJ aurruSitjJf!)l. { @@[6{h <F.rrwu u!'l ~6IfT~


a {hrr tjJr.vcl/roiJlOIfl~.

Q{hrrLrf.J$)UJfPJ' a{DrrUJrr <F. UJrr 6YT ir

<F.rr{h~8;(!!j ~@ Qurr@LLrr<F.:i> <F.iruuiF

uU(j}l~{hcl/roiJlOIfl~.

QwrUu urr L(j}l


IL 6YT fill6YT~fPJlOIfl~

aru51:i>~IOIflL UJ u rr GlS)UJroiJ :L1J)6l[ <F.rr 8; ~ aru51:i> @fill@!j8;(!!j <F.ySI:i>~ @filllOlfl6'fr

<F.@:i/UJ @fill~

@6l..I1OIfl6YT8; <F.iruu6l..lliUJrr8;£IUJ~.

~@6l..IIOIflU a=[EIi:i>~ {h6IfT~ w6IfTiF arlOlflwlOlflUJ ~mml8;

Q<F.rrLL4-6IfTrrm.

(Abortion) Qa=rUUJ IOIflfill:i>liUJrflLw @@[6~w aru51:i> ~@ fill@LW Q<F.rr~LrrGiT. @fill6IfT~ <F.tjJf!)l8; Q<F.rr~

~1OIflf::P:i>~iF Qa=GiTlJ)rrGiT. @uuL4cl/fillrr <F.W Qa=rU~

ruLw
~1ii:lLBfiOf\.UI6Ur
fPJroiJuSI 0 Q{hGiT 0 @8;$)Urrw:i>fPJ
au
uut

~w~
!....m

II
Q!!I(!!)o!i;d(B <F.8; Q<F.rr~ L6l..Im •

aru51:i>fPJrruu u(!!jlilOlflUJiF aa=ir [6{hfill6IfTrr <F.@@uu{hrr~w


IJI-(!!ju U {h6IfTrr~ W {hw~
6161fT

GiJLL4-roiJ ey>GiTf!)la=a<F.rr{hrfl<F.@!jw, @@ a=a<F.rr{huir<F.@!jw <F.roiJcl/ _ WIOlfl6l1T cl/IOIflUJ ~rf.J(!!j


8in.

LIJI- iF IJI-roiJ

<F.rr ~
L

~ IOIfl{hU

WIJ) LJL.flLwrr

Qa= roiJ~ ~fill<F.rr a=W @roiJlOIfl~

8; 8in.f!)lfillrr GiT. {hooUJ rr <F. (!!j1Jl-:i> {h6IfTW

W8>aim
Q a; rr ~

fill f!)lIOlflW8; a<F. rr LL4- WJ6tT eutt WUfillir <F.6tT 67 (!;J .

{DL[E {h GiJr;;Lrr GiTf!)l @GiTlOIflwUJrr roiJ ~roiJu5I~IOIflUJ 143

~fillir

<F. fPJ str

ruL

IT <F.1OIfl 8; 6YT

@fill6YTfPJ

(!!j (j}l W u (YJ W

6l..I!)l1Olfl W 8; (!!j f

142

~6lJ~

U[TITLDrfiULJiF Q8'tDV6lJIT .fIfl)J Qf!)IT~a;U a;

U~

~f!)

~~~di @j GLD6iJ LDITa;IT~ib/lroiJ

6lTLw
§;§IDI~a;~Ql)LW

~w~

III

~a;UJlDYf)uu IT6liT. iI@jLD~ (!:PUJ-F sru i a;6W6lJrfiLw ~[Twuib/lroiJ GUITj;lUJf!jfTa; .@@jM6lSI~. (!:P~!DuS/LL~W

u(Ef!)ib/i dx(!)U t5161ir ~roiJu5)1imf'IG6lJ~tDV.$@j W .@6lJrTa;~.$ u~u uiY.DIT~~!D utjJt§/ ~Gix.ElIimf'I f!)LD~

!L61T66\!i;c!56U
UITLUJ-UjL61fr 6llIT@W f!)Wl~a; 18

G U m.: L IT~ . srWl ib Q a;IT(El.$@jW U~ £i~LUJIT~.

f!)LD~

6lJUJ~f!)ib f!)IT6751irUJ-d; Qa;/T(om-UJ-@j8>@jW f}@j .@~6tTC§61ir ~6lJIT61ir. 6lJL LDITa;IT~ ~ /lroiJ Ga;IT £itDVlTtU t5I[JC8f!)8' ~i/6iJ t..S61ir t51UJ-£i [TITLDW f} G1ir aSlroiJ "~" .@6lJ66T~ f!)ITUjw, f!)a;uuWlw ~66TITUITUJib ~uGUIT~ ~f!)[T6lJiJ!D fifiLIT@jt.iJ. a;. QUIT.f!) 8'ITf!)IT[Jfffiff f!)[TW 6lJ~[T a;iJ!D f!)Wl6lj.a;cl1iJ@j SL6tT6lJ(El .@6irWlw LD~!DUJcl1roiJ~tDV. SL6ir6tT~~f!) UIT[TwurflUJ (!:PUJ-UJIT f!)Wl6lj.a;cl1iJ@j f!) ~6liT fl)J
6}"

~roiJu5)Iimf'I~UJu ulTirdia; sru5)ib ~UJ-dia;UJ- 6lJ(Ef!)GUITiI~w

6lJ.fI~~

6lJ(Ef!)66Tir. t..S61ir ib Qf!)IT W/~tDV t51UJLDIT6751irL66Tir. UITL UJ- j~LUJ U UIT[Jwurf/UJ

a; ITtDV rgy L L ~
et @iI

t'I~

~6lJ66T ~ ruL@8>@j

6lJ[T6lJ ~@j.$l ff Q 8' 61fr!D~ f!) .@6lJ6lT


Wit)

Qf!)ITW/tDVITa;Qa;IT6751irUJ-@j(Df!j .@6lJ66T~ QuijJ!DITir 3 6lJUJ~~LUJ f!)Wl~a; f!)Wl~a;

G!JjITLLu5)LIT ~ .@@jdia;cl1roiJ~tDV . .@8>a;[T~ ~/l66TlTroiJ a;~6lJ~66T cl1~6tT6lJIT a; ~6lJ6liT f}@j !JjIT~ ~6iJu5)Iimf'I~UJu GUIT~f!)uS/6iJ 6lJ(Ef!) .@6lJ6liT ~6iJWlIimf'IUjL61ir .@iF8'(Ef!)iruuib/l6iJ (!:P UJ-UJfilf) roU ~ tDV • a;6lJ~tDVUu(El6lJIT6ir. 8' com ~L ~ITa;[T~iF 6ll[T1T j;I@juu~t.iJ, 6lJ~6lJ~LUJ5 8'58' [Tcl16iJ FF(Elu(El6lJ~ 6lJ[J6lJ[J ~t'la;rf)d;

a;UJ-f!)ri.Ja;~

f!)IT~f!)6l5/66TITroiJ f!)Wl~a;6lS/61ir (!:p61irIimf'l~tDVuS/roiJ ~UJ-~UJ-~ Qa;IT@wt5I6iJ 6lJIT Wdif!) f!)66T ~

6ll@jLDITfl)J 6lJiJ LJfl)J~ i/66T IT~ . .@f!)6liT UITrT.$a; 6ll(Ef!)IT6liT. @jUJ8'58' [Jcl16iJ FF(EluLLIT6liT . f!) ITffiJ a; G 6lJ

LDuS/rfi~!::puS/roiJ !LuS/ir f!)ut51mlT6ir. .@6lJrTa;6tT~

ruLUJ- GtDV ~~Ld;a;tDVW

LJ@j(Ef!)IT6liT. .@~

.@6lJ6tT~ a;6liTlimf'libf!)6liT~LD uiJaSI.@6lJlimf'ILW .@@j(Ef!) .@ f!) ~ 66Td;

8' di G f!) a; ~ ~ f!) Q6lJ6Yf} uf) L LIT 6lir. .@ f!) ~ 66T .@6lJ6tT IT~

~ 66T

f!) ITu.fI L

t.D

(!:P ~!D u.fI L @ a;G6lJ f!)W ~LD ~ GLD~W

dJULL

f}@j c61~tDVu(Elib~ fifiLUJ-6iJ 6llITw(Ef!)

a;dJ!D~6lJ <iTri.JGa; C§ITUa;u5)@jd;@jw? f!)W1~a; .@@j8>a;cl1roiJ~tDV. f!)Wl6lj.a;cl161ir .@@j(E~w

Q8'tUUjLDITfl)J UtDV6lJ(Df!jUU(El~66TIT61ir • .@6ll61ir ~MUJQ8'6iJ6lJ~w sru5)ib utjJt§/UJ 8'(EGf!)a;~66T

a;6iJcl1.$@j (!:PiJfl)JU LJ~1DYf) ~6lJibf!)IT6ir. UITLUJ-d;@j QUIT@j6tTITf!)IT[T a;6lj.Lw Gf!)~6lJa;~6tT

6lSI(El(!JJ~!D Qudx!;J !E6751iruQ66TIT([!j6ll~66T8'(Dj;IMGl6lJ61irg;u Q8'tUf!)~. ~ila;rf/dia;5 ~L f!)iJ Qa;IT ~tDV

G6lJfl)J t51[JC8f!)8'~!iJ®iF

.@6lJ~ c61~!DG6lJdJa5166TIT6ir. UITLUJ- .@6lJ61ir t..S~ ~6lJj,~ <iT61irfl)J~f!)~66T ~6lJ61ir Q6lJlDYf)dia;ITLUJ-di

~6ir LJ .@6lJWldi@j .fItDV G6lJ~tDV !LUibi/[JLDIT a; ~~LD(Ef!)~. UITLUJ- a;6lJ~tDVuu(El6lJIT6ir Qa;IT6ir6tT6lSI~tDV. 186lJUJ~f!)~ f!)ITvWUJ-UJ .@6lJWld;@j 6lJIT~U ~UJ-uLJ

.@(Ef!) c61~tDV~LD ~6iJu5)Iimf'IuS/6liT !L6tT ~@ibf!)~i/~66T Q8',u f!)~. .@ f!)6liT cl1~6tT6lJIT a; .@6lJ~
6)"

.@ ~Ld;.$1

(!:pUJiJ.fIuS/roiJ .@ !Dri.J£i66TIT~. 8in..fl)J6lJ!)61fr fYJtDV f W G!Jj1T @jL 6liT .@6lJ~ d; 8'(Dj;I/yfJ~!DIT6ir.

.@ fl)Ji/uS/6iJ f!)LD~ !L6tT Q!Jj@jdi.$LUJ-~66T tDV W er 61ir!D !Jj6liT IT UJIT6tTrT f}@j 6lJ~[J 5

@~tDVrrLDiJ

~Q LDIT@j 6lJy)l ~ UJd; a; IT~ f!)@j(Ef!) !L 6tT6lJ6tT~~~~

GUIT a;cl1roiJ~tDV • .@6lJ61ir f!)66T~ fifiLUJ-dJa;@ja;IT~LDuS/roiJ 6lJIT@W ~!::p£iUJ Uj6lJilUJIT66T @jLDITrfi t..S~ 6lJITwdi~a; ~61irLJ Qa;ITvWLIT61ir. @jLDmfl @6lJWl~LUJ 6lJ[TtDVITfl)JiJaSI !Jj61ir@j aSI(E/I@j(Ef!)IT6ir. u ~ a; uJ~ ~Wl f!)IT U tb Qa;IT 145

********

@6lJ6lT

f!)Wl~

com L

ITG 6tT f!) 6ill [J a; ITf!)roU

Qa;IT~6tTcl1roiJ~tDV • .@(Ef!) f}@jf!)~tDVd;


144

a;ITf!)~tDV @jLDIT ~aSlUJcl1roiJ~tDV. rfi

{ljtt 6ir

~ fP a; iJ !Dru 6ir

6T6ir !D {ljw~

{ljtt YHjl/ cf

.:f) 8; a; coiJ,

~ru ~ W Qurfl~w ~UJ-d;a;UJQ{ljrflUJ6lf uSlcoiJ ~rov. LDLif,ir6iJ rurr!:pj}{ljrrw. @j~!Durr(j)la;~m QruiJP1~rov GLD~W @ruW18:.® {lj~LUJrra; [ErrLLW Qa;rr~L a;rr [T6WW @~ ~roMLjWmW U tjJ~ U~Lif,{lj @ru~ d;@j 6lS1md;a;C!:fJ W, @ruw a;~6llfI ~W1uruC!:fJw @<OiJrovrr ir@j}{lj~LDUJrr@jW. 10 ruUJir~@j}~ d; 8in.L @ru~d;@j

~LQa;rr~UJ-@~{lj~. @jfPuuLDrrlil @@j}{ljrr~.

{ljWfbJ ~fPa;tjJ!D Qa;rrwrurr~.

G{ljrrtjJ!Dw

UtjJ~

Q[E@ffiJ£lUJ [E~ulra;~L~

@~ uiJP1 ~ffiJa;rovrrlilif,~d; {ljrr !:P6lfiF cfld;a;6iJa;~d;£I~L QrutjJ~~rov uLLrr6iJ ~W CFrrLlIj)(j)Iru~ {lj~~W

a;roM~LDL GCFrr{ljrflcfl6IUJ a;iJP1(!!jjJ{!jrrm-. @(!!jj}{ljrrm-. CFj}G{lja;if,I!~

~rud;a;6lS16iJ~rov. a;6iJ6lS1uS16iJ ~I!a;

GUJ {ljif,{ljiDYf)if,{lj @ru6llflLW @ruw~ @UUfP8;a;~:iltjJ@j

[Err~a;rr a;rr.Qurr. {lj. (:LUJIr{lj[TW) ~[T 6T{ljiJ@jWCFj}G{lja;W Qa;rrwurumrra; ~UJ-~ ~a;a;@6lfw

CFrrUtS/(j)Iw ;$UJ UfPd;a;C!:fJW Q{ljrriJ:OId; Qa;rr~L~. QLD@8in.LUJ-W. {ljrrw QruiJ~~rov @coiJrovrrLD!D Gurra;6lS1coiJ~rov. ~~LDU.fGLDrr 6TW CFj}G{lj£lif,{ljrr~. @if,{lj~a;UJ 6TuGurr~w :Lmu [E~ulr

UrrLUJ- ~UJ-d;a;UJ[ErrtDl5/a;rr 6Tuaurr~GLD UI[Tiru~uLj 67{ljrrru~ @jwmrrwrrw. @ru~m ~rn~!D ~~ @d;@j6Wif,~{lj @rumrr6iJ ~a;6l1IL C!:fJUJ-UJrrLD6iJ @@j}{lj~. Q{ljrrLL6lfLrn ~a;a;@6lfW

CFrrUtS/(j)Iru~ @jLDrrrfluSl~ a;~~6iJ {ljW~ a;rr{lj~8;@j @~

Qru£!)1if,~ 6l1I(j)Irurrw 6T~!D ~CFW

r£/lruu~dxf!Jwmrrd;£lUJfbJ' r£lIrUU~{lj~:iI!D

LDrrif,ir[TLD6iJrovo:!PIrum~ rurruSltDl5/@j)~ ~1r[ErriJ!Dw UJmflLC!:fJw a;~{ljd;a; 8in.L @6l1murrLCFrr~rov rurr!::pa;~a;u.ft6iJ

@8i-ru{ljrra; CF j}G{lj£lif,{ljrr w . ~{ljW rr6iJ ~ruw

tS/ [TiFcfI~w d;£I~LuSl6iJ


~d;a;w G{ljrrlilj}{lj

cfld;@j~(j)I

{lj6lS1d;@jW{ljW16ljta; cflrov @j}{lj

{ljUJffiJ£/wrrro-.

~rum~

C!:fJa;if,~L~

a;rr6Wuu(j)lrurr~.

UJrrrflLC!:fJWQ[E@ffiJ£lu ufP£lUJ{ljrr a; Q{ljrflUJ6l1I6iJ~rov. @~ru ~@ 6T6ixovrrru~!DU.fW6l1lL CFWueutb @ru~m ~~ uni..eneseo ~(!!jru~ u@@Jil>iI<OiJ£/a;f:Pj.;{!j r a;6lJ~rov8; (f!jW QU~@j6lu C!:fJm-

CFj}{ljlruuffiJa;iDYf)6iJ @jLDrrrfluiJ6I a;w6lfrov£l6iJ CFj}G{ljrrCFuu(j)lrurr~. tS/[T iFcfI~w d;@j 6lS1UJ-6lfa;rr6W@ruwrr6iJ Qa;rr~Lrr~. [Emru6llfl~ @{ljiJ@j ?j)G[TrulP D_mrumif,~~6Wru~[T e!Jlrovw ~P1j}~d; {ljW16ljta; D_mrumif,~~6WUJrr6Jrir ~@ru~[TiF [Err(j)lru~

C!:fJUJ-UJrr @@j}{lj~. ~ 6T~£!)1 @ruWfbJ rulPa;rrLL~L~

uSIa; Gru{lj~W8;

@jW, ~rum~

:Lwmrrd;£IUJ~.

CFa;urrUJ-LDrr6Wru~ ~rum ~

CFj}I!if,{ljrr~.

u@jl!uSI<OiJ ~a;GurrLLG{lj

@j}r£!a;!::prurr@jw. 8 ru@LffiJa;~d;@j 67~w

r£I a;!::p~ {lj @ ~ r£I a;!::p6lf


Q{ljrrLffiJ£lUJ~. @rum ~ @j}{lj

:L ro- ett ii>~ {lj ~UJ- d; a;UJ- ru tt L L ii> uffiJa;w 6l1I~m{6~ uit ir d;(f!jW

*****
filft_w

{ljLD~ a;~6llfIif, {lj~~LDd;@j tS/!D!:P6lf [ELif,~{lj~UJ @ruw

6lS1LLG{ljrr 6T~!D CFj}G{lja;GLD~{ljiJ@j a;rr[T6Ww.

~w6l.l IV
U'!J66'fimmT

~iFCFrflrrUJif,fbJL~ CFj}irM

!J)1T6\S'a;1T6l.IfimLW

a;rn 6llfI LDLii>~{lj GCF ~{lj CFGa;rr{ljrfl8;@j 8in.L [EL~ {lj CFW Ir uruii> ~{lj 8in.!D6l1I<OiJ~rov. @@j}~w LD@if,~rulra;~m C!:fJ~wj}{ljrrm-. a;~G{ljrr6lS)8;a; ruj}{ljrrroir. {ljw~ @ruro@ruw cflrova;rrrovffiJa;~d;@jtS/~
~~~~d;

22 ruUJ~ro-m @rum~

[Err6lS)a;rr ruLGLD6iJ

LDrra;rr6Wii>:il6iJ ?j)@ru@L~

a;~6llfI LDL CFGa;rr{ljrfla;w @j}{lj @[Ta;cflUJif,~{!j @ruiDYf)LW Q[E@ffiJ£lUJ Q{ljrrLirLjm-6Jr LD~!D~~ ~ru~{lj~rua;~m {ljrrw Qru6YF)8; ~61{6{lj {ljrrro-. a;~6llfIUJrr6YiJif,l!rfl

G {ljrurrrovUJif,I!<OiJ a;~ 6llfIUJrr6YiJ if,l!rfI {ljrr~UJU.fw, QU!DG!Drr~[T {lj~~{lj~UJU.fw ~@

eutr !:pj}~

Qa;rr~Lrrira;ro-.

@6JrW tS/[TrrUJw cfI£!)1rufr @6iJrovif,I!<OiJa;1Pj}{lj~. Gurr~w a;rr6Wrril@~{lj~LD


146

a;6irwUJrr6YU

~:ilrfI

@ruro-

a;~L:il6iJ~rov.

Qa;rr6W [rrul!<OiJ QruiJP1UJ~Lj} 6l1ILUJffiJa;~m @ru~8:.® [ErrtDl5/a;rr ~ir<OiJ ILm ir@uir

u!DcUI

fbJ8;a;uULL{ljrra;~

~P16lf~[Ta;mrr ~~Lj}{lj{ljrr
147

a; 6T(j)I~iJ; 8in.P1wrrw. ~wrrroiJ a; Q{ljrflUJ6l1I6iJ~rov.

ci9I{f>61fTfT $6ir IDIffIUJ bYU~;i/rfI {DfT roiJ tt 6l5I$fT ~ru ci9I~W~~8= Qa=6ir{!)1 6lS/1..J1-@/ QUiJg)J8;Q$fT@8;$

JL6'ffru6'ff ~~~~rurfLw c!:pUJ6irlJ)fTW.

t5)w~6lT $~6lTILfW $fT~UUL6lS/~. a=th{f>fruuw ci9I@/btUtla

'€Pa[J WfT;i/rflaUJ ;$rulDlffl~{f>fTfr. ci9lffiJ~ U8;$8=a=fTfr4

*****
.ruLw ~w~ V 6rTffi~6Of\U16Or 6U'§:,~WrT 6LDrT"" <!SIT ~ru
Q$fT(!:gW4U ruUJ~~LUJ ru~$ t5)!lO{f>a=~~{f> t5)IJ)Ut5)LWfT$8; Q$fT~L aru~

£I~L8;~waUfT~
et

a=fTth;i/IDlfflu5)6ir QupalJ)fTfr au [J U J) ron- ~ 6lT$ ~ 6lTILfW


tt ~

{f>W!M @@ U fTIT 8; dj

~ rom- J) ron- ~
<!SfiU)~

$~

et

ILfW ,

[J coJ) UJtt 6lJ 8; Q a=6"6r!)1 '€P@ W tt {f>$ {

Gill@ C!:p ~ IJ)~ UJ

y5I Uueumr $ @@th{f>61fTfr. @rufr $W ci9l6lJbYU;i/a [J6l5IUJtt Qa=GJiJ W ~


u@ru~ ;i/6l5I@tha{f> a=fT th;i/lDlffluSI~ Qa=<OiJutt et , ci9I~!ML6aT e

a= th{f>fru U ffiJ ro:/roiJa= thillDIffI8;~ {f>1DIffI ~ {f>ruw ci9lru6lT a= tt HJ- UJtt 61fT $ tt $fT ~ $U a=fTth;i/1DIffI27 UfTfruGlirlJ)fTw. fYJ~{f>ruir 8r[JffiJ£lUJfTrufTroir. 8r[JffiJ£I UfTLa=fT ~~ '€P@ 6lS/r§@jfT61fT ULL{f>fTrflUJfTrufTroir. Q$fT~L @ru61T~ ~ril@/ @ruroir {f>iJaUfT~

6llL

I..J1- a~

{f>ffiJaf)u..n@!6~
8; $Wdj

UfTLa=fT~~ W ci9la{f>

ruffiJ£I '€PGlira5/roiJ JLUJfrU{f>!iil5Ici9I~ru~[JfTdj ~~ $6lTfTruir. UfT~$fTU4

U roiJ ~~ $

eu tt

W ci)~

ruLI..J1- 6lSl@!6a {f>

<OiJ Gtll~ U1

fYJ6ir{!)1 auir$~6lT8; @@ru@w @ru6lT~

~@wu~;i/roiJ

Q{f>fTLffiJ£l61fTfTw. 8r[JffiJ£I ruLw~ilUJ @ru6lT ~ {f>$UUWW, Qa=ril{f>~ WfT$fT~ ~~{f>U t5)IJ)Ut5)LWfT $ Q$fT~Lru6lTfT~W. ~rflL ~;i/roiJ a6ll~Gl) ai-[JffiJ$1

JL~;i/aUJfT $~{f>[JfT $ @@th{f> Qup{!)1roir6'fffTir. ~.fIrfI~UJUJfT61fT @ru6'ff ~ @@ a=a$fT {f>rfI$@jW


att thillDlfflu5)6ir {f>$UUWW

{f>th~{f> @UaUfT~

@ru6lT ~ {f>fTILfW~ril@/ QuiJlJ)ru[JfTrufTir.

/I@w~ C!:P1..J1-~~ci9I@/bYU;i/a[J6l5IUJfTci)roiJ eutt W £I6ir 1J)61fT• a= th;i/~ ir tt ci9IGlJro:/6ir Qu palJ)fT fr dj6Yf)Glir ilw6l5IroiJ eun w£lGlir IJ)fT 6ir.
.fI{!)1 einu ;i/6l5I@tha{f>

WL@WroiJ~fTWroiJ

Q{D@ffiJ£lUJ {D~uir$@jWfTrufr. aru~~ Qa=ril£llJ)fT6ir • cl1UJ~{f>~ @@uGlirIJ)W. {DL4

ci9I[Ja=fTffiJ$ iI~~8;$6lTQWfTGlira5/roiJ a=fTth;i/~8;~W, {f>$UUWW ~Wth{f>

{f>fT uft6ir ci9I[Jru~ ~ Ut5)roiJeatr Wth{f> a= th;i/1DIffI{f>fT tt ril


tt

';[JffiJ£l8;~u5}~LuftroiJ

iI~GtllUJ~.

uS~

ci9l6'ff@/ $ L!6 {f> ci9l6""6r Q $ 4 @@!6{f>~.

rom- I..J1- @!6 {f>tt ron-.


IiiTUaUfT~aW

a=tt !6 tlro7 8; ~ {f>fTlLf~LUJ

8r[JffiJ£lILf~LUJ ~@t..buitYilcoiJ '€P@~$ U8;;i/

{f>fTu5)roiJ~fTW~W, {f>fTu5)iJ~ a=fTth;i/1DIffI @roiJ~fTW~W $fTrflUJWfT$ a=fT!6t/r07

rufTWru~ C!:PI..J1-UJfT {f>

rurrw~ Q$fT~I..J1-@UlJ)fTfr$w.
ci9l6"6r4W

@ru6'ff~ {f>fTlLfW,

8r[Jriu£i {f>W~ W{f>~r£icoiJ1iI$ t J)8;~~UJfT$ ru[J~

Q$fT~l..J1-@th{f>fTroir. ~61fTfTroiJ {f>fTu5)Glirt..B~ Q$fT~L @ru6lT

ci9la5/@/~[J $~6lTILfW, rulfJl{DL~{f>roiJ$61f)6'ffILfW 6fiJ{!)1 ci9I{f>GlirUI..J1{DLth{f>fTroir. a=fTth;i/1DIffI {f>th~{f>t..B~ UfT etb ~ru~{f> aUfT ;i/~w UW$6l5)roiJ~~. UUJ ~~L6"6r @GlJ@j~LUJ ci9lru@L6ir Q{D@ffiJ£lu uiJ:DI ci9liI$ WfT $ @@!6 {f>~ JLuaUJfT£I~
C!:p ~

Q{D@ffiJaf/UJ Q{f>fTLir4w, {f>~LMcoiJ~fT $ ci9I~w(E,{f>~.


8r [JffiJaf/uSl6ir

a=fTth;i/1DIffI .fI{!)1 ruUJ;i/6l5I@tha{f> {f>th~{f>~UJu su« Wth{f>fTvir. ci9I{f>tjJ~ t5)[J{f>fT $fT [J~ 61fT {f>~{f> liiTuaUfT~W JL ron- 6lTeu IT $
{f>61fT~

Q U tjJa IJ)fTir ci9lru@j 8; ~ aUfT ;i/~w


U~

/I@w~

a= U th{f>ffiJ tir UGl) tb $ Q$fT 61firaL

ci9liI$fT[J u~~{f> $ @ ~ W UJtt 61fT

Q$fT~@ru(E,{f> @@th{f>fTw. a=fTL@$~6'ff W~

ci9lruroir W{!)1u 4 Q{f>rfl6lS/~~8;

611 L

I..J1- <OiJ

@j 8; ~

IJ)u..n<OiJ

ru[JGlir$W @ru~6lT~a{f>1..J1- ru(E,{f> aUfTQ{f>coiJ~fTW QUfTril8=


27 ruUJ~{f>~ {f>fT~I..J1-UJ8r[JffiJ£l8;@j

a=L Lt/L

LffiJ $~6'ffILfW,

$L L~6'ff$~6lTILfW a=fT!6t/r07ILf~LUJ

Gillt/u

uru[JfT$

8;<k.a5/41J)8;$~~{f>fT6ir.

@@!6 {f>~wUJfT~w.

~61fTfT6lJ

{f>$U U6""6r 3

C!:P1..J1-~~1f)ruuUa{f> QupalJ)fTrfl6ir 6
149

~a5/8;a$fT6'fffT~w.

@rufr$ro:/~

148

6lJtjJLff!)l~f[JcoV <Err[llOm"wrr <E @6lJm Qf[Jrf)cli~f[Jrrm. a=rr{b:il~8>@j f[J6tff~ !6~UlUJrr6tff @iFQa=uJ:iI


8>ao..L

~®6lJ6'5l[J

WIOm" (!:p~8><E cli®uuw ao..uSl6tffrrm. Br[JffiJ.$1


<Ett 6'5l 6IJ

6U\...w
~Wmfu.jfiO)LW

~w~

VI
<$fiO)§)

a=rr{b:il~8>@j @~utjJuSI

C861Tt$.$

u51<EG6lJf[J6OI6tff 8>@jrAUJf[Jrr<E @®{bf[J~.


G <E6tT

~~ !6~U~w ~UJ~

c!M3?t~ 6TWU6lJ6'5l6tff cli{lj{b~6OI[JuSlw ~®Gurr~w

6lJrr~<E

~6'5lIOm"6lJ6tffrr <E8><E[JWutjJ6I6tffrrm. Uloo

to 10m" (!:p LSJ-Ij U 6'5l f[J

61ft ILf i> !D

a=tt {i; tl6~ <ErrL.. @U6lJ6f(rr<E <ErrlOm" oeo m


f[Ji> Q

@~:iI®WIOm"W

c!Mgir6lJWrr6tff

~® <E6'5lf[JUJrr@jw.

6TWlw

{ljW~

Qa=uJ~8>Q<Errm6f( a=rr{i; t1~


~WL@WcoV6IJ

6T ~f[J~~f[Jrrm. 6T

Br[JffiJ.$1:iI®WIOm"W Qa=uJ6lJf[JtjJ@j @®{i;f[Jrr6ir. <EIOm"GwWlw @roiJ6IJw

Gurf)coV @6lJm c!MW~6'5lf[J c!M6'5lL{bf[Jrrm.


cli®uLfL6lir @®8><Eclir;;i;6'5l6U. @6lJ@j8>@j

<E@6'5lwUJrr6tff
@6lJ@j8>@j

t1fr U 6'5lU
Br[JffiJ.$16'5lUJ

cli6lJrr<Ew Qa=uJlLfw
(!:p6lir

@®8><E (!:PlSJ-UJclicoV6OI6IJ. Br[JffiJ.$16'5lUJ <ErrlOm"rrf[J cliL~~ Gf[JlSJ-iFQa=coV6lJrrm. <::!)/6lJm @coV6IJ~:iltjJ@j


6T ~f[J6'5l~UJrr.

~6f(~

tf/6IJ 6lJ®LffiJ<E@j8>@j

cli6lJrr <EW utjJuSlUJ UUJffiJ<E[J6lJ@


~ 6tff tt roiJ tJ) UJroiJ c!M

Gf[JlSJ-iFQa=w!D a={bf[JiruuffiJ<Em

@®(bf[J~.

@~utjJuSlUJ f[J6tff~ Q!6®ffiJ.$1UJ !6~u6tffrr6tff <::!)/W~ !6coV6IJ6lJW 6TWf!)lW


6T W f!)lW c!M6lJ6OI6tffU

UlUJ'iioLw

@6lJm

ao..!D~ f[JUJffiJ<EIOlJI roiJ6'5l6IJ. Lf<E,p{bf[Jrrw. t1®wmr W


f[JL

til~6'5l f[JU

G u tt tjJ crSI U

utjJuSI~ f[JW8>@j

Br[JffiJ£/ufl

coV LfL

6IJrr <E o;T tjJ u tt t..n

.$1UJ~.

@f[J6'5l6tff

6TcoV6IJrrWQf[Jrf)lLfw

clif[J{b~6'5l[J ~f[Jrr W. Qf[Jrr{bf[J[J6lJU@~:il8> ~m6'(frr

en {b:il~8>@j~ a=rr{b:il~
c!M6lJ@jLW

{ljrrffiJ.$18>Q<Err m6f( (!:PlSJ-UJclicoV6'5l6IJ. @{bf[J cli6lJrr <E~6'5lf[J Qa=uJlLfwrr f!)l UlUJcoV ~UJ~6OIUJ
Gurr6IJrr6tffrrm. Br[JffiJ.$16'5lUJ :ilL~UJ~LW

UI~~u UI~~f[J6lJm
a=~6'5lL

Q<Err~lSJ-~w. cli®wu
tt f[J6lJ6ir • <E Wf!)l

~~

UJrr(!!j6'5lLUJ

L.D6tff6Olf[JILfW G6lJf[J~
G6lJf[J6'5l6tffU

UllSJ-8><E6lJw Qf[JrrLffiJ.$16tffrrm.

Br[JffiJ.$1:iI®WIOm"W
P;coV6IJ

6T6tffG6lJ

UlUJ6'5l6IJILfW

u@ ~ f[JcliroiJ6'5l6U.

(!:plSJ-~f[Jrrm f[JrrW f[JtjJQ<Err6'5l6IJQa=uJ~ Q<Err~@ UI!D1OlJI 6T @ ~~ Qa=uJ~cli@6lJf[Jrr a=rr{h:il~ILf6'5lLUJ a=tr {i;:i1 00 ILf6'5lL UJ
o;T

iunixut

f[J{b6'5lf[JuSlw !€I!:p6l51coV6lJrr,p{bf[J ~UJ~8>@j


.$16'5lL8><EclicoV6'5l6IJ.

f[JrruSlw
<::!)/~LW

c!MWLf

a=rf)UJrr<E8>

Br[JffiJ.$16'5lUJILf c!M6lJ6f(~ W
<E 6T iFa=rf)8>6'5l<E Qa=uJf[Jrrm.

<E1Om"6116'5l6tffILfWQ<Err 6'5l6IJ

f[J<EUUW f[J6tff~ wf[J8> tf/{h {lj6Ol6tff d;@jW

.$1rf)6OIUJ<E6'5l6'(fif

Qa=uJ6lJ~LW
u

!6roiJ61J @jIOm"WU6'5lL~[Jrr

<E6lJW@®(JJfDrrir.

@6llir ~6llf)u5l6"6r n ~Gw

Brf[J{bt1[J~ @uUI!D,p611rr
{lj{i; 6'5l{lj 6TG ~® 6tff !6L~6'5l{lj

t1tjJ@jW

{lj6'5lL d; <Er;;i;6IJrr <E ~®G

UlSJ-UulSJ-UJrr <E @6lJ6f( ~ ~6tffrrtDiJ


(!:p 6'5l !DuflroiJ

@®S6l5l~6U.

~wrr

~:iI[JwroiJ6lJrrwcoV @6lJ6YfIw a=(j<Err{ljrf) @(!!j6ll(!!)W 611rr,p d; 6'5l<Ed;@j


6T {b{lj 6l5l{lj {lj6'5lL <E6'5l6'(fG UJtt GwtjJQ<Errm6'(f6l5lcoV6'5l6IJ.

{ljrruSltjJ@j~ Q{ljrf)UJ 6lJjp{lj~. {ljrruJ u51<E6lJw @j!:pUUW6'5lLjpf[Jrr6ir. f[Jif a=:i1<Ett [J ~Mrf)~~. a=tt {i; t100 ILf6'5l L
6l5l6f(
UJ {lj tt ri.J

a=G<Err{lj[J WI W @6lJ6'(f ~
U6IJ6lJ{b{ljUU@~{lj~6'5l~UJrr

(!:PlSJ- 6lJ@8><E Q
@j@t.bu~tDiJ {lj W (!:p L

(!:pUJw!D6'5lW6'5lUJ {ljrrriJ

Gurr~w

i> u

L.. L

@j!:pU
<EU U

U /16'5l6IJ 6'5l UJ

UlUJ6l51w Q{ljrrjpf[J[J6lJ{ljrrffiJ<E (!:p~UJrr


<::!)/

{lj @6lJ6irJ)6IJ uxt {ljffiJ<E6YfIw

Ul6lir6tfflr @{i;
{lj

Q!6®d;<EWrr
U6IJ(!:p6'5l!D

!:p@jW tJ)8>@jmfluSlLw
G<ELL

d;<EWrr <E8> ao..uSl6tffrr6ir.


:L{lj6l5lILfLW ~®

til~6'5l{lj

WIOm"

(!:p~

U U {lj tt <E

(!:p ~

Q6lJ@ ~ {ljrr 6ir . ~ ~LWU[JWtjJ!D

6tff tt roiJ

t51~mfI c!MuSl6lJ6'5l[J~8>
:L6f(6lJ6f(
~~6'5lmrUJrr6f(6'5l[J

{ljrrriJ :L6f(6lJ6f(~6'5lIOm"6116'5l[J a={Eils

:iI®WIOm" ~:iltjJ@j (!:p{ljtjJ<Err[llOm"w UlUJ6l51coV Q{ljrr{b{lj[J6lJ {ljrrw


{ljUJffiJ<E6l5lcoV6'5l6IJ. ~UJ~ILf6'5lLUJ !6W@j !6L{JjG{ljuSl6tff·

6T6tff 8> ao..!D~ (!:p6'5l!Du1lIiiiJ

(!:pUJ6"6r!Drr6ir.@f!)l:iluSlcoV {ljrruJ Uld;@jmfluSlw a={b:il~{ljrrm.

:i1®wmrw·

*****
150 151

W6W

6lJrT

{jla:.Gma:. ~@.fIrotJ

i/~ r!iJa:.G6fT W.$) {jl 8=.fIUJrr a:.8i


et 6ir

a:.ySI~fh~ . W

gr{UJ6l5f)8iGa:.rr ~QfhrrLirt.5lm @

uUJr!iJa:.[J~ fh~Gmw

udJ!6l ~(Jwu;ij/roiJ

@6iuillrr {jl 8; Gma:. ~ a:.W u W rr a:. wrr {f)l W Qa:.rrGir6lJi/roiJ fh6l5f)UW":_L .fI8ia:.roiJ~m{f)l udJc6I @6lJGir ~tiI~i/LW @fh~U Qurr@L.u®~GUI~. a:.6W6lJWlLm {t/GmrotJ~~ ~W~f[)ILm {t/~{Drrm. ~tiI~

{f)l ~6lJ6ir

a:.~6lf)~

cli6fTri.Ja:.6l1IbOOnrotJ. a:.rrrotJ(l:Pw :L@6lJiTGLrrlSl-~. cfI!6lfhrra:.:L6W[J ~ QfhrrLri.J.$]~rrGir. gr{UJ6l5f), ~tiI;i i/@w6W

cflrotJ:LmrGmwa:.6m6fT cfI{!5If[)I

{t/Gm~ 8;a:.cliroiJGmrotJ. gr{UJ6l5f)8i® ~ Q6W rr m {f)lLm

urr6l5'rUJroiJ Qfhrr Lir LJ Q8'rllfhf[)l· @f[)I ~6lJm fhWf[)I Q8'rllfhf[)l. 3?U1~~

@@8ia:.~fhrrm

wGm{D8ia:.rrf[)l a;,._c61UJ urri/~w G ~UulSl- @@ut.5lWlw

tb {hL~ fh .fIrotJ {hrr L a:.GYf1roiJ tiI~f[)ImLUJ ~

Qu dJG{Drrir roLlSI-dJ®8= Q8'm {D~ ~m{f)l {hL~fh~. ®f[)Irra:.rotJwrra:. @@~fh~ir. ~tiI;ij/m

it, @6lJir a:.@jL6!ir t.5IUJ~w Q8'roiJrotJ~


QudJG{Drrir t.5Im~@w ~6'If)iDmUJ @[Jrru Gurr8'~~j/m

urr~{D6lJ Gm6lJM 6}Gfhrr ~@ oj/ @@M~rrm fhwf[)I :LGir6fT ~Gmfh 8'rflu®~ ~@j~~ j/@Wu

fh6lJ{DcliroiJmrotJ. LJf[)I G8'rrlSl-a:.GYf1m6lJ(J6lJrrroiJ ~W~f[)ImLUJ

~ ~ rrroiJ ~6lJGir

i/8iQa:.rr 61W® @UJroiJLJ G6lJ61WlSI-

GmfhrflUJ(l:PW @Gixovrrw!iJ Gurr a;GU/bOOnrotJ.

[f61WL G{h[Jw f[)IrrffiJa:.8=Q8' roiJrotJrr ueo cllG {hrrfh8; a:.m fha:.Gir ~ffiJ® f[)I fhrrUJrrir fhWUj/a:.Gir :L{DffiJ®®6lJfhdJ® ~tiI~f[)I.$® ~6lJGir (l:PGir~rr ~tiltiif[)l6'lf)LUJ a:.rrLlSI- {t/m{Drrm. fhUJrrrr Q8'tUfhrrw. ~~UJU/w :LuGUJrr.$)tiifh

utteo :L{D6lJ Qa:.rrGir6fT~@ 6lJrr(Ja:.rrrotJw ~a:.rr8'W

~6'If){D6'If)UJU/w·, WUJ~8i® ~tiI~ @6lJGir wUJroiJ fhwf[)l ~j/iru6'If)u8i @fhdJ® @LW

@m6fTUJ 8'Ga:.rrfh[J6OiJGir LJf[)I G8'rrlSl-a:.GirJLiDr!iJ®w ~Lwt.5llSl-~fhrr6!ir. ~W~

~fhGm'5!f1' W{f)l8ia:.clJroiJGmrotJ. 6lJrr(J(l:Pw :L@6WGLrrlSl-~. QfhrrLirLJ8i® ~Gm8'U/Lm a:.rr~j/@8i.$]m{Drrm ~rotJLlSI-8i ~6lJ6ir


et ~@6lJ6ir

6}"iJurr® Q8'WUULLf[)I.

~fw> ~iDu5lroiJ :L(Dffil@j6lJ~

fhW(l:PLm

~~

{t/Gm~~fhrrGir.

@f[)I udJc6I ~6lJm

Qa:.rrGir6fTG6lJ @roiJ6lOrotJ. ~lSI-.$ a:.lSI-

~6'If)iDurorotJ fhrr(l:Pt..bJL[Dri.la:.G6lJ61W®W ~m{f)l

fhr!iJa:.@j8; ® ® l:P ~ Gmfh ~ 6ir {f)l G fh Gm6lJG UJ ~ffiJ a:.rotJrrtU tiif[)l8; Qa:.rr6mir Lrrw. QfhrflUJGUlroiJGmrotJ. gr{UJ6l5f) fl6ir u ~j/a:.wrr

Qa:.rr®8ia:.clJroiJmrotJ. {t/6'If)rotJmwmUJ 8'wrrGYf18ia:.llSUJ60iJ

Qurr@Lu®tiii/UJfhrra:.tii @[J6lJ a:.rr su tii 6'If)h f a:.~ G6lJ6'If)rotJ f[)IrrMW G{h[Jw ~8ia:.6'If){D wrrLLrrGir.

fh6'lf)rotJu5JL® @uUI(J ircfl6'lf)~6'If)UJ~ ~ir;if[)l 6'lf)6lJ~fhrrm. ~tiI;if[)l6'lf)LUJ @@uurr6'ir. fhrrUJ @6lJira:.6'ir @@6lJ(Jf[)Iw {hLUlm ~6lJ@jd;® Q8'm{f)l @fh6!ir ioauxb
~@

Q fh rr ySIroiJ fh 6ir 6'If) uflGir u lSI- ~6lJ6ir W ~j/a:.wrr

:Lir8';i6'lf)fh Qwiril,

a:.Qfhrrlfi/dJa:rr6'lf)rotJu5JroiJ a:.L~j/~rrGir ~m{D

~UUlSl-~ QfhrflUJU Gurr$]6!iriDf[)I· fhrr6!ir a:.L~j/@8;®W ~@uUl

(l:PlSI-(Ef[)l. (hGirGYfl(J6lJ w~~ 12 a:.6'If)6fT~f[)Icli®Gwrr G6lJGmrotJu5Jm fhmmW a:.rrLLGUIbOOnrotJ. UlUJ6l5'r~f[)Iw, ~tiI;ii/~fhw @@~f[)I gr{UJ ~ fhwf[)l

m...:_®~ 6lJ@6lJrrm. a:.6W~f[)I


~mt.5lroiJ a:.6W6lJ6'If)~ ~@uu

f[)Irr8ia:.~j/dJ®ir j/~Q[J~

w~~j/UJrrrotJUJw
~@

a:.rr[J6W wrr a:. gr{UJ6l5f)a:.rrmrotJu5JroiJ [f~L

U®8;6'If)a:.u5JroiJ @@{6f[)1 ~@{6fh

UlUJroiJ ~W~6'If)fh

f[)Iu5JroiJQa:.rrGir6lJrrGir. a:.tmr6lJWlW gr{UJ6OiJmUJ~@ULJ6lJj/roiJ

fhWd;®;i fhrra:. clJLrrUJrra:. :L6'ir6fTf[)I. Qfhrr{6fh[J6lJ Q8'UJfhrrm• "~~8i®

fht..b6fTirfhmr6lmTir Qa:.rr® ~m{f)l

~{jl~fh a:.6W 6lJm ~

{hLLJ udJ!6l ~(Jwu~j/roiJ

@6lJ6'ir

f[)Irr8ia:. wUJ8ia:.wrra:. @@8;$1miDf[)I. w{f)lQwrry5l

GurrUJ fhwUlu5JLW

Ga:.6'ir"

~~fh 8'~Gfha:.(l:PW Qa:.rrGir6fTGUlroiJ6'If)rotJ. ~j/a:.wrr Qa:.rr 6ir @jW Q8'~!6l@uurr~. 152 G u rrf[)I ~6lJ6ir

a:.~ QfhrrySl!iJ8'rrmrotJu5JcoiJ u:ilroiJ 6'lf)rotJ. ~rOiJ rotJ r ir r clJ®i/8i ®ir

@f[)I ~W~f[)I6'If)LUJ ..er ~ 8i® @fh6'lf)~U/w ~ffiJ®

Qfhrr 6'lf)rotJ u cfluflroiJ Qfhrr L fr LJ G

611L lSI-oiJ @@u r

Gu rra:. (l:PlSI- Jrrf[)I" @GlJ6lJrr{f)l UlUJroiJ a:.~/I~rr U ~tiI~/lLW


153

6!ir.

8'~ fhir U u ffiJ a:.GrfJ~ W ~

tiltii

fhwf[)l {h61Wu Gir wUJ~m

llSUJ6l5f)~iruUfhdJ®

fh61WJir

Qa:.m§8'w

Gla:;rr(Jjlffila:;Gir
lOT 6iJG6I)rr @W

lOT 6ir

[J)J Qa:;~!'1 iI@wu6lJw

rf/6ir IfJmir.

tJI[T~!'I6'5)fiN {£ir iJ;a:;UULL!p. ~ilUJ


tt 6I)ffila:;Gir fhrr 6ir

urrir~!p

®IflUULD6'5)L{6fhrr

ir a:;Gir. ~tfI ~!p6'5)LUJ

fhwt5IiJ;®

~!p

up(!5)

!LlfJrfua:;~ GlCF6irIfJfiN it, ~ [T61f1ir(Jjl LD~ !prr M~fh;$

§>6ir[J)Jw GlfhrflUJrr!P. ~6116ir ®wu

a:;irVJW6ir Gurr6ir[J)J !LlfJrfu.$lfiNrr~.

a:;qE!p ~@iJ;®W.

G611fhrrmW (!::p@ffil6'5)a:;LD[T ~il6iJ

6)"(!5)UJ!p. ® Iflu U W ~ rU !6 fh U rr I.JI-oV 6'5)61). ~UJ ~ uS) 6ir Gl U tt [J)J6'5)LD lOT coV 6'5)61) c w(!5)fiNrriWw ~(Jjl~fh 611rr FcoVa:;~a:;®W GlCFuJ I lOT LI.JI-IOlS/(JjlGLDrr 6T fiNU C i UUJ{6fhrr dt. Iil6'5)6I)6'5)LD6'5)UJtt !prflUJLDrr a:; CFLDrr o 6lf)~fhrr sit. a:;LI.JI-6l5'I6iJ 611{6!Pu(JjliJ;a:;~ GlCFrr6iJiWffila:;Gir" • ~!p a:;6I){6ff>~~uSI~ Glfhrr~UJrr®t..b.
lOT 6lIT

t51UJ6l5'I6ir 6'5)[T ~CF6iJ~UJ~uSl6ir ~

a:;6'5)mM~ fh611IfJIOlS/6iJ6'5)6I).

"~tfI~

lOT fiN iJ;®

QLrTlU6I)L

GlCF6iJ6I)G61161f1ir(Jjlw"

"~t!§I~ t51UJ6'5)6I)
CF{6Gfha:;~fh

@!P t51UJ6l5'I6iram.~CF6iJ "zgGUJrr tJlUJ<OiJ IOTfiNiJ;® (!::pI.JI-UJrr!p fhOO6'5)UJIOT@Ut5IiJ; Gla:;rr61f1ir(Jjl Gurr"


"lOT fiN d; ® ff>W Lf) uflL W G u G61161f1ir(JjlW. "

Ga:;rru(!::pw Gl611[J)JULJW ~UJ~8i®

~(6fh Iila:;~

rC
~!p

fh~UJU

GUrTlU 611rr, ~<OiJ6I)~ uil6iJ GlLDrry51.

6)"pu(Jjl~
a, IfJ

fh611IfJIOlS/~6I). @611ira:;~iJ;.$I6'5)LGUJ lLGirm ~(6ff> Gl[E@ffil.$lUl


lOT 6lIT

~tfI~6'5)LUJ

6lJ

fiN

U!p

if> afI

an !6 t't 8; a:;~

Gl ff>rr L ffiJ ciJ fiN tt fitT •

~6I)LI.JI-iJ;Gla:;rrfiirm
tt a:;

~UJ~

6l5I@wu6l5I<OiJ6'5)6I).

(!::PI.JI- tt !p. UJ

Iff>rr6ir

a:;L Lrr UJW 611[T a:;rr6I)W [Err L a:;m tt a:;, 611rrTrfua:;m tt a:;, tenff>ffila:;m tt a:; !L@61f1irGLrr I.JI- • [ ~ Q U UJ[Tm 6l5IcoV a:;VJW 6116ir LD6'5)fiN6l5I UJtt a:; 611 W!6 fh tt iW W u tt
tt

<OiJ !L IfJ 6lJ


~ira:;fiir

"1OT~d;® GurruJ ~@

(!::pI.JI-UJrr!p"

IOT~ ~:!f/i; GurruJ

a:;i;ilfiNrrGir.

@@!6!pw

~Ul~ @@611@W ~UJ~d;®

~ [TCF6'5)VJW~!6 ff> GCFtt I.JI- :;~d; ® Gl611[J)JffiJa:;fiN611rra:;G611 @@!6ff>!P' a @(!96ll(!!jt..b um;;6/UJ6iJ Qff>rTLirLJ Qa:;rrfiirmCB611~. ~6irLJL~ SL@cf1UJrr~ ~611CF[TUUL(Jjl d;L6'5)LDa:;6'5)mILfW ~l§I~iI!D® SLVJW6lJ QCF,u!p CFrrutJlLrrLDcoV ~fiir @~w ff>rr~ 611rrW!6ff>~ir. @<OiJ6I)1fJ~ !p6'5)VJWUJrrmrr a:; LDplfJ 1OT6iJ6lJrr d; GlCFuJ!pGla:;rr(Jjl~ff>rTGir.lL61f1irUff>!D® ~~~ cf161) Gurr!p Qa:;rr(Jjli;ff>rrfitT.

ff>6'5)6I)uSlL(Jjl ~gfli;6'5)ff>u LD~i;ilUJrr6l)i;iliJ® CF{6aff>CJ;t..b 6)"pULIOlS/~6I). lLlfJffil.$16l51LLrrGir. @[T6W(Jjl a:;Ll.JI-iWd;® ~oo~!p. LD~i;ilUJrr6l)ffiJd;m[ErrWlw

611@LDrr{!)J Gla:;~!'I~rrfiir. GLD<OiJ :;L!6fh GurriliWw a @!P up(!5) ~LI.JI-iJ;

~UJ~ILfW

Gla:;rrfiirmrr!p

Q61161FIuSl6iJGlCF6iJ6I) (!::P6'5)~lLfwGurr!p iJ; a:;@6l5I ff>UJrrir GlCFrU!p

a:;L!6i1@d;®W

to

~tfli;

!L~Wl6'5)LUl ff>~GUl

~CF[T ~fh6'5)fiN

~CF[TLDrra:; ~Ll.JI-lLfw

SLVJW6lJiJ; d;6llmrfua:;6'5)m t516'5)CF~!pff>~ 6'5)a:;UJrrmCBUl 6l5I(Jjl611rrfiir. ~6'5)La:;6'5)m u516ir~~ GlCFuJ611rrGir. @611Gir G6116'5)6I)~~ u
tt ir

6lJ@.$IGlfJw.

@{6ff>iJ; a:;LI.JI-Gl5I<OiJ 1OT~d;®~

lLlfJffil a:; (!::PI.JI- tt!p. " UJ

w61f1ir(JjlW tJlUJGl5Iw Glff>rr{6ff>[T6lJ @tEff> 6116'5)a:;uSI<OiJ

Gla:;rr(Jjluurrfiir.

Urrff>~a:;6'5)m

QCF<OiJ6IJrr iI@iJ;a:;w G6116'5)muSl<OiJ a:;VJW6116ir 6116'5)6I)IOlS/L(JjliI@wLJt..D6ll6'5)[T G 611yJlGLDcoV 6llJ yJI 6'5)611i;!p Q6lJ61f1G UJ @@!6!P i;!p d; Gla:;rr 6W@ Ga:;rru~iliJ®m-mrr d;.$IUJ!p. IOTUUI.JI@@{6ff>rrGir. ~~rrlDiJ
lOT tiiiJ

@!6ff> G61161f1ir(JjlGa:;rrfiir~UJ~6'5)UJ @@{6!PW ~UJ~

@@uurrGir.

GlLDrr~ff>~iI<OiJ ~UJ~

~6irurrfiNGlff>rr@

@<OiJ6I)~ff>[T!'I.

§>W{!)JW GUCFrr!p GlLDm~UJrra:;

CFWU611rfua:;6'5)m~~CFrflUJLDrr d;U urrir~!p

Gla:;rr61f1ir@fhrrw @@(6fhrrm-. UJ ff>rruJ GCFtt fhrf/

1OT6tl611m6lJ a:;rr6l)w fhrr~ ~UJ~iJ;®u Glurr[J)JiJ;a:; (!::Pl.JI-lLfwIOTfhP®W ~@ 6'5)61)ILf L 6!W L tiiiJ 61)6lJ tt ? ~ UJ~ LDIfl6'5)61)q Q CF colJ G d; L. d; tt

t51UJGl5Iw @6'5) [T~ CF rgj} uJ[D fh u tr I.JI- iJ6'5)61). ~ tfI i;!p6'5)L IDiJ 6 ~ .$IGUJtr rf/w !p
tt

~6'5)CFUULLrrfir. 155

iJ;a:;w d;6'5)m tEfh!P' @6lJira:;m154

@tEff> rf/6'5)6I)6'5)LD6'5)Ul

@~ ~(!!j ma;~LL
cff)fmWrE ~~. cff)fwil>m~ ~UJ~

(YJUJ~W

~(!!j r£lmcrJC~6l.J{Drr ~

ro.m- ~m8'UJrr

a;a6l.J

@rDV6lJ a;rr j, ~ $)tOYfIUJt w m;ir • u rrroV 4L{D6lJ8>@j t Qa;rr rofrGtT


~UJ

6l.JmGtTj,~8>

a;mrDVa;rofr cff)fj, ~mw mUJUjw ~rr a;j, Q~rf)UJlDl11roVmrDV. ~UJ~ a;6l.JmrDVa;rofr @Uaurr ~
01.

.1LUaUJrr $)il>~rrrofr. ww fi/!D@jrofr


~ tt 6!ST

cff)f6l.J~ @~r!iJ$)UJ

~/~l~cMTIJ6lJ, ~UJrT(JIJrT~~

~~(JdjrTIJ6lJ
@G1TW tCir~~I'3;

(J~6I5)

rE/W6lJrT
U1IJiflj)~~dj~G1T 6llEfildjGir #$(F~

cff)fL 8>$)m6l.Jil>fi/(!!jrE~

~m8'a;rofr,

U®6lJ~r£l~rf)6ir QdjrTGir6lJ~rjJdjrT~

st rf) to m rDV tr a; ci; UJ

a; ci; a;:'E

Q ~ tt L ffiJ all w .
@jm{Da;mGtT

@(!!j6l.J(!!jt..D

(YJ1J61W L(j)l8>Qa;rr 1W LW it, ~(!!j6l.Jrf)~ u 6 Qa;rr61WLWTr. cff)fwj,fi/~ cff)fw~ ~tOJ)u5I~

W!D{D6l.JTr 8i-LlSI-8> ~~ @j!:pUUW

rE/~6lJUJ Q6lJGYfIuJ@ 2000


1LG1T6lfIUJ@ (JdjrTL__UrTL@$ ®lPrTu5l~®w, IL G1T6lfIUJ6lJrTG1Tir dj~W (~IJffiJ$I

@jm!Da;mGtT ~

a~

(YJUJ~{Drr~.

@Yil6l.Jrrw

!JjL~m~mUJir

8'rrL~ Q~rrLr!iJ£!Wrrrofr.

~t.bOI~~.
r£lmrDVmw
.1L ~

UI!fIGWLirGYiJ 1998)

1LG1T6lfIUJGU @ru6l.Jrr!l)l t51f)"rcf)mw i 4Lir8'LDmLrE~ Q8'roVma;u5IroV


~6l.J

t5IlJ ircflmwu51~
~6l.J

(cf)~IJrT Q6lJGYfIuJ@ 2000) @IJdjcf)UJWrTdj ILGirG1T(yJW L/6lJWL/W e!P~G1TILfW,

to UJtr W

.1L (!!j6l.Jj,

m ~ Uj ib

6ir a; tt ~
cff)fti/j, ~

!DGillroiJ m rDV.
cff)fti/j, ~UJf)"W

~wufi/a;tOYfI~ cff)f~

.1L8>£![J"LDmLrE~~.

t51UJroV @(!!j6l.J(!!jW

c6lroV U{Dm6l.Ja;rofr aurrroV cff)f~Lf Q8'~j,~j, t51UJmrDV cf)c6l~ t5IrflrE~ Q8'~!l)l @(!!j8>@jWaUrr
Qu (!!jW 8' if 8' treutt a; ~UJ ~
Q~rrLr!iJ£!W. a8'Tr8;ma; cff)fti/j, cff)fti/j, eutt

Q~rrLr!iJ£!WTr. cff)fut5lrfl6lJj, @(!!j~~

( ~~

dj UI!fIGWLirGYiJ)
1LG1T6lJG1T :$~~GWILfW

w~fiT@iFcf)lLfw, (~IJffiJ$I

W 8>ma;u5IroV

t5IlJ {ilulOlSl8>a;j, ~~~W5

UI!fIGWLirGYiJ 19f1l)

t51UJroV@(!!j6l.JTra;(@j8;£!mLaUJ Q~rrLr!iJ£!UJ~.

1LG1T6lfIUJGU (fiTGYiJ. djrTL(Jdj Q6lJGYfIuJ@ 1996) Q


ILGtTG{6rT8i®

(Homo Sex) cff)fWUrDVwrra;j,


@!l)l{il (YJlSI-6lJ8;@j 6l.J~~rrrofr. cff)froV rDV st ~ !l)l
4L ~

~UJ~

@~!D@j

t51!D@jW ~rrw{iluu~ 6l.J!:p8;@j .1LrofrGtT8; LD~~U 08. uir~rT{D~,


fiT{D~~

(61lD.IlI-. ®GW(J(F~

~66r
1999)

djWU~

2000)

Lfj, {ilUJ tt w~

ir rE~rr 6ir . 6lfi6l.Jrr a;f)"j,~


clI6l.Jrr a;1Jj,~ ~wrrroV
6)"~

tfIGlIJLuJI.$ tfIGlIJLuJldi

1LG1T6llG1Tcf)$IiF~(FILfW, (6lfI~UJ ~iF(Fdjw

1L6fT6lJG1T:$~~GWILfW

Q~rrLIJUULL~.
Ulu5I~
(YJ~

!Jj~L

FFLlSI-~c6laUJ

(YJlSI-6l.Jrr !UJ~. £ ~GtT~


09. uir~rT{D~, fiT{D~~

~tOJ)

cli(j)l~mrDV

~L~rrrofr.

1LG1TuIJuuliiiJ Y1c!:p~ ~iF8'djw -1998

@j(YJ{D~8;@j r£lmw ~~,

clI(j)l~mrDV r£lmw

£!mL8>a;lDl11roVmrDV. a6l.J~mw cff)fmL~~rrrofr.

~6l.J(@jw

t51{DcliUJroVrDV6l.Jrr. cff)f6l.J(@j8;@j.1LGtTcff)fmwfi/

a~m6l.J.

a;L~~ a;rrrDVr!iJa;mGtT
.1LGtT Q!Jj(!!j8;.$LmL ~~
11. IJGW6lJ.$dj, ~.fiTGYiJ~uL/ ~rTiFcf),

ILGirG1Tc!:pW ILL@ (J{6rTliJdj~W

j,~

(6lJ~®

Q6lJGYfIuJ@ 2000)

@6l.JGtTrrroV8'Wrr.mM 6l.JySIfi/{D~~~. a~rrySl ~ (!!j 6l.J m [J !Jjt lSI-iF t

(YJlS/-UJrr~. aurru51!D!l)l. ~(!!j6l.Jfr ~rr~LroV

6l.JYiI

(]~lS/-Wrrrofr.

{!PrDVW .1LGtT6l.JGtT ~m~UJrrGtTfr


4L

djrTu5l~

~8'rT ~rTIJ~
( C!:p ~

1LG1T6lfIUJGU
u ® til)
IL 6fT

Q 8' 6!ST!l)l ~ w ~

GtT8; @j(YJ{DmrDV

a;~

J ir

6lJ tt tiJ

6lfI UJ GiJ dj GiJ 6lfI

wroVa;cff)frofr.m8; Qa;rrLlSI-wrrrofr.

rE/£!JI6lJ~tlJ 1996

*****
156

157

12. 6lS)8;!lW~r§J$, 3?6lJ6"OfI ~tr(Dj;J$fT

1L6TTC8{6fTcU$6lT6nill6lJfTtllI

67cDu@£1Gir!D6M?

09. Hurlock E.B

([J~6M @fTGlJ Gl6lJmJuJ@ 2001) 13. @r;;ur§J61f)$ Gl~fTy51cDtrr§J$ GlWfTy51 GlUUJirLIL.j8; $L@61f)[J$6lT @r;;u8;$W 14 . 1999

ti!ly51UJir trr§J$W

10. Hurlock E.B

.!f!,ffiuilQ) fljIfT roiJ $ 6ir :

Social Psychology Prentice Hall of India (Pvt) Ltd. New- Delhi - 2001 02. Baron R.A Psychology Prentice Hall of India (Pvt) Ltd. New- Delhi - 2002 03. Batia M.S. and Singhal P.K Problems of Behaviour in Children, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New- Delhi- India - 1991 04. Coleman j.c., Butcher N, Carson R.C Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life Scott Foresman & Company, London - 1996 05. Commer R.] Abnormal Psychology W.H. Freeman & Company, New York - 1996 06. Fedman R.S Understanding Psychology Tara Me Graw - Hill Publishers New -'- Delhi - 1999 07. Feltham C Understanding the Counselling Relationship Sage Publications Ltd, London U.K - 1999 08. Hodapp R.M Development and Disabilities Intellectual. Sensory and Motor Impairment Camebridge University Press, U.K 1998 158

01. Baron R.A. and Byrne D

11 . Ibanez T. and Ingnez I,

12. Kochhar S.K

13. Mangal S.K

14. Myers D.G

15. Moody H.R. AGING

16. Nelson R.

17. New Combe N.

Child Growth and Development Tara Me Graw- Hill Publishing Company Limited, New- Delhi, India - 2000 Development Psychology - A Lifespan Approach Tata Mc Graw- Hill Publishing Company Limited, New- Delhi, India - 2000 Critical Social Psychology Sage Publications, New- Delhi - 1997 Guidance and Counselling in Colleges and Universities, Sterling Publishers (Pvt) Ltd, New - Delhi, India 1993 Abnormal Psychology Sterling Publishers,New- Delhi - 1987 Social Psychology Me Graw Hill Publishers, New - Delhi 1990 Concepts and controversies Sage Publication Thousand Oaks, California - 1998 You Can Help Allen and Unwin (Pvt) Ltd, Australia 1993 Child Development, Harper Collins Publishers, New York 1996 A Survey of Counselling Methods, The Dorsey Press New Delhi - 1980 159

18. Osipow H. Brucewath W, Tosi D.]

19. Palmer S. and Dryden W,

20. Ram. S

Counselling for Stress Problems Sterling PublishersNew - Delhi 2001 Psychology and Child Growth Sarup and sons, New - Delhi, India 1998 Hanbook of Multicultural Counselling Sage Publications Thousand Oaks California 1995 Introduction to social Psychology Harcourt Brace, New-York 1998. Counselling for Famliy Problems. Sage Publications. N ew- Delhi-1999. Group Counselling. Sage Publications New- Delhi - 1999 Supervising Counsellors Issues of Responsibility. Sage Publications. N ew- Delhi - 2001 Diagnostic & Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders. Amercian Psychiatric Association,Washington - 1994 Classification of Mental & Behavioural Disorders Clinical Description & Diagnostic Guidelines World Health Organization, Geneva (1992)

21. Ponterotto J.G. Casas J.M Suzuki L.A. Alexander C.M

@6irlO1fliDUJ 5f!Pc$ J}8;c$roiJc$~6ir JI[l8= IIlO1flro c$6Yr ~@rfuc$i>iD~


c$LLI01flWUI01flU c$L~QUJ@UUQjW

w~ilui/roiJ
L6ir

w6lJf)tfj6ir C!:fJc$rfuQc$rr(£18;@jW

uroiJC86l1!J)J L(£1W ~I01flWcfJ6ir iD~' UU

22 Schneider 23 Street E. 24 Tudor K.

D.J.

~ tfj i> @j C!:fJ $ ffiJ Q c$ rr (£18; c$ C!:fJ UJtt tfj {il101fl1Dl) roV 5 f!P c$ 58; c ~ uf)

til WI@j

C!:fJc61~~ 6>Si(£16l1tfji>®w, 6TiI[lrr ro wmuurrffi1@jc$I01fl61r

C!:fJlO1flrolLlW ~tfj

C86l1101fl6tf @tfjWrrC8L

tfj61lfrUJrr@9w, w 6lJf)tfjIT c$6lf16ir ILViir6tf~6ir ~illL6tf6>SiUJGU Qmu6lltfj~

5 f!Pc$C!:fJW IIlO1fltfj6lJI01flL6lI~

tfj6>Siir8;c$ C!:fJ~ UJtt tfjtfjrr@jw.


~UUI01flLUJrrc$
c!){I01flW6lJ~

~ilc$wrrm Gillr§@jrrrow,

JI[llF<fJlO1flroc$@!j~
.~tfjro

Q5UJi>urr Lrr@jW

rrroiJ 1L6tf6>SiUJGU 6>Si~@jrr mw,

25 Wheeler S. and Kind D.

1L6tf6lJ6tf ~~I01flUW

C8urr6iriD

tsm.: ~ ~101fliDc$~wrraL 6T (£18; c$ C!:fJ01fl 6lI~ W I ro

JI[llFll101flro c$101fl6tf~c61{J;~8; Qc$rrViir6lJtfji>@jw, U@jUumuQj


~101fl6ll c$@9 8; @j
ui

tt rjJ !J)J {15 611 ~ 8; I01fl 6fT L c$c$

~6lItfjrr ~8;c$~tfj8;c$~.@{J;tfj IL 6tf euett d; ~ I01flUW8;


~LUC!:fJlO1fliDc$101fl6tf ~tfjrr

C8c$rrLU rr(£1c$I01fl6tf Jl6ir U i>c61 Qc$rr ~(£1 C8c$ tt L.. U


tt

~ffiJ .$)IDI)W (6J I01flroUJI01fl6ll) DSM - IV

(£1c$ 6fT

~~

@j C!:fJ01fl iD c$ Gir , I

[lwrr c$8; Qc$rrroW(£1 6T@tfjUULL 6T~iD @{E~rrroV


tfj~

"1L6tf6>SiUJGU IL61rU

5rrIT

1L6tf6lJ6tfd;~I01flUW"

@~!J)J6fT6tf

JI[llFll101flm c$@9d;@j uStc$QjW c$rrlDl)~tfjrrGU 1Lc${J;tfj ~C!9 Q6lIGYfIulLrr c$d;


@j6luJI®tfjGU

C86lJroW(£1L.b.@~ ~rrlO1fllDl)~8;$)~

ilC!9' IfILGl9 S]lUIIM


c$roiJ6>Sic$i>!J)J Jl6irmir @6lJrfulO1flc$

The ICD - 10

~6lIir c$6Yr c$6lJ6lJQc$tfj[l wc$rr 6>Si~ilUJrr6lJUJ~ilroiJ C8u[lrr tfj61lfrUJU~I01fl6lJMI:flc$~GU ~ U C8et tt us tt


1L6tf6l.J6tf~~I01flUW u tt L Q {15rJ? ' c

c$101fl6lJU uLLtfjrrlflUJrrmrrir. Q c$ rr@t..D LJ

5f!Pc$ {156lJ6irLJrfl {t/!J)J6lIro ~ilGU 5f!Pc$ C85101fl6lJc$6Yr i>c61 @[lroW(£1 6l.J(!!jL u U roV c$101fl6lJ ; c$1:flc$d; 8

t1roV

ui>c61 ULLUUl6ir

U~ULJ

~u(]6tfrrwrr

urrLQ{15c61,

@{J;ilUJrrGillGU
ULLC!:fJW

c!:pwumu

UroiJc$I01fl6lJ8;c$I:flc$~ ilroiJ 5f!Pc$

C!:fJ~wrr lii1f1ff)u

QutjJ!J)J6Yr6tfrrir. @6lIir tfjij]urr~


161

5f!Pc$ {156U6irLJIfI:6I!J)J6l.JroUlIiiiJ

160

t.S![Ji/u u~uurrr;;rr[Jrr IS/-

u G etr tt u: tt

en6ljW, clIm6ljI06>[JUJrrr;;rr[Jrr en6ljW ~r;;rr6lJr;;rr ~~106>1iiW

u tt L Q!fj

61uf) 6Iir

@I06>IiiWU

U til a; tt rfr UJ tt a; 6lj tb enL

106>LD
L roir

U ttit 8;£)6Iir IJ)rr it . ~.jJ~L6Iir Ga;rTl":_urTl .._@ fti/UJrra;6ljw, : !fjL tt :iJ til ff Q <FrDi; ~ . G<FI06>6lJUJrrr;;rr(!!jw fYJlOVW ~6lJir fh uS) If;

@lOVffiJlO6>a; Qfhrr

y5)roiJ $ILjIiiW

.jJ~6lJ

<FfYJa;

{lJUl61/;;)<F UJtpJ Ul6dr6lJ@w Qa;rr6ir a;. u8; lJj W 15 19 Zl 28


3'6
IL

iJ@~{lJffiJa;~6YT .

a;6lJ6M ~iJGiJ

G<F I06>@JUJrrr;;rrira;1iiir <FffiJ a;~ i!GiJ

GfhcfiUJ.jJ fhlO6>lOV6lJJrr a; @ (!!ju u~ [

OI[JGUJrra; fti/UJrren6ljW ~6lJrrir. @6lJir

<FfYJen ~OIcl1(!!j.jJi/I06>UJ

61T 6'fT~

/I®#3~w
LjIOV{bC8 ~rr!DCD LJrfl~~ ~~wut5JroV cf)1OVC86lJ~ etr c$GYfJroiJ ~G1W~W8;c$rTljjl){btJroV v;;I!Du(£l.jJ~£i~CD~ Q6lJf!)Ju t5Jroir wrr!DCDwrrc$8; t5JroiJ

ti: <£ rT :iJ til ufI® Q fh tt yD rDi;


WrrliiW6lJir a;@!j8;®W

rEI Lj IiiW (!!j t..iJ


Qwrry5)

LJIOV8;a;rTL....cfJ, LJ6lJC8fhrT!DCD Ljrfl~~$ ~106>wu7

<FfYJ a; fYJlOVW

a;roiJ6lSIwrr~t..D

fhuSlfi!

~r;;rr6lJr;;rr .jJ~106>1iiW a;iJ®w enea ~ cfiffiJa;r;;rr Qwrry5)uSlroiJ


to tr IiiW 6lJ rT a;

clIm6ljlO6>[J a;1iiir ror@uufhroir


it,

cfJlOVC86lJ~lOVlJj GYfJroiJ ~G1W~wc$rrlOV{btJroiJ v;;I!DUL.jJ~£i~CD~ Q6lJf!)Ju LJt5J~ wrr!DCDwc$8; ILJ UiJ{J5I ~uSl106>61fT ~u5)~61fT

~roir lO6>ulLJw wmUJrr I06>fhlO6>UJILJW Qu iJlJ)6lJ[Jrr6lJrr


~liiirr;;rr

fYJlOV ~rrroiJ fhuSly5)roiJ Q6lJ<DYf)uSlLUU@6lJ~


8; ® @(!!j 8;

38 54
66

ill @6lJ(!!j ~

® t..iJ ~ rT 6lJ:iJ 106>fh

Q6lJ<DYf)iEa;rrL...@£)roir~. fhuSl

@6lJ[J~

@wc!:pUJiJJ)

urr[JrrL..L~fhiEa;~. wi!UI06>UILJW @~~rrroiJ

A uiJ{J5I

o uSl106>w
BuSl106>61fT
E ILJW F ~W

8in..f!)Jw !fjroiJ~lOV£)roir

6lJ[JG6lJiJlO6>ulLJw,

$IfF<FUlW QUf!)JW

rorw!fjwLj$lroirC8lJ)roir.
68

E ILJW ®w
roru6iJC8urT~C8w 6lJrrfPc$~c$

roruC8urr~C8w cut: fP8;~c$

75 ~rT.~.
U61JIff)

tffilLJL..Lroir

QuC8[J[Jrr,

81 87 93

Psychologcal
Qc$rr6'fT[J6lJ{btJ~61Jf 6lJtii!5lILJf!)J{btJ$I~ QUf!)JwtJuSJ6lJrrril~fh Q;'l)rfl6lJ Wom!fju t'r@ CDrT t'r

Psychological
Qc$r;;rr[J6lJ.jJtJ~w 6lJtii!5lILJf!)J{b~$I~ Qu f!)JwtJ6lJrrril Q;'l)rfl@/ ~~!fjut'r, CDrrt'r ~~

SLAS Class I, BEd. In Social Science

uu rr

6'fT

fr

{b rr UJ ent..D,

95
tffif!)J6lJ<T>t..D. 97 102 106

@lOVffiJ615len 191, fhfrwurrrotJ Q<T>rr~t..DLj

<FfYJ<T>

~Ul6l5I(!!j~iI

LDrr6lJ~615lfh,

• 07.

124 125 127


140 @UUtJut5JroV 6lJ(!!j~~£i6lirC8

Diemensional c$ (!!jw tt !DCDroiJ c$ (!!jwLDrr!DCD;'l)roV


@(!!j~ fhrT tt eo ~c!:p8;£iUJ ®!DJULj

Dimensional c$ (!!jwwrr !DCDroV c$(!!jW u: rr!Df!)J ~roiJ


@(!!j~~rrroV (!p8;£iUJ ®!DJULJ

v;;I!DUL....L C8wS216irr;;rr ~fF8Tut5J~l:PenGYfJ!D®


CDrrtb.

162

You might also like