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Georg Cantor Petersburg , 3 1845.
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2 4 6 8 ...

...
b ... .
2 ...

 Georg Cantor

11

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 Georg Cantor

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:

a 1 = 0, a 11 a 12 a 13 . . . a 1n . . .
a 1 = 0, a 12 a 22 a 32 . . . a 2n . . .
a 2 = 0, a 13 a 32 a 33 . . . a 3n . . .
..................
..................
a n = 0, a 1n a n2 a 3n . . . a nn . . .
..................
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b = 0, b1 b 2 ...b n ... , b1 a 11 , b 2 a 22 , ,
b n a nn , b -

[0,1] a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,. . ., a n , . . . ,
a 1 , a 2

14

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card([0,1]) = card(R ) = C . ,
Cantor :

: P(N) ,
,
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P(N), 20 , card(P( N) ) = 20 .

car(A) = n , 2 n
, card(P(A) ) = 2 n . ,
, card(P( N) ) = card(R ) , 20 = C .
Cantor :
: car (A) < card(P(A) ) .

0 < 20 = C < 2 2

< ... .

, 14 AC (axiom of
choice) Schrder-Bernstein15,

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i.

14

 Georg Cantor

15

20 = C, 2 2 , . ...
0 .
1 , :
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card(A ) card(B)

card(B) card(A ) , card(A ) = card(B) .

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1 : = {0}

: = {0,1,2,..., n ,...} = N

2 : = {0,1}

+1 : = {0,1,2,..., }

3 : = {0,1,2}

+2 : = {0,1,2,..., , + 1}

..

..

..

2 : = {0,1,2,... ; , + 1, + 2, ...}

n+1 : = {0,1,2,..., n}

2+1 : = {0,1,2,... ; , + 1, + 2, ... ; 2 }

..

3 : = {0,1,2,... ; , + 1, + 2, ... ; 2 , 2 + 1, ...}

..

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0 . ,
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 Georg Cantor

17

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3.2 Burali-Forti, Georg Cantor, Bertrand Russell

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***


1. . ., " ", , , 1985.

2. ., " ", . . , 1993.

3. Davis P.J, Hersh R., " ", , .

4. ., " ", 1 :
, ,1987.

5. Vilenkin . ., " ", , , 1997.

6. Polya G., " ", , .
7. ., " ", GUTENBERG, , 1991.

8. Kline M., " ", , ,

.

9. Bell, E. T., " ", II,

, , 1993.

10. Gardner M., " ", , .