Thng tin s II

Ti li u tham kh o
1. Digital Communications, Simon Haykin, Prentic Hall 1996 2. Thng tin s , Nguy n Vi t Knh, Tr nh Anh V Nh xu t b n Gio d c, 2007
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Nh c l i thng tin s I
B n tin s Tn hi u truy n s , ti nguyn c a truy n tin Truy n tin qua knh b ng c s
V n V n V n V n V n V n S ISI noise i u bin i u gc (Pha v t n s ) ng b h c s pht v thu
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Truy n tin qua knh b ng thng d i

M hnh khng gian tn hi u

N i dung thng tin s II

K thu t tr i ph : Tr c ti p, nh y t n Knh n v knh fading Dung n ng knh n Gauss v dung n ng knh fading K thu t phn t p

Ch 1 K thu t tr i ph

Dy PN
M t ng ghi d ch (theo nh p xung Sj(k+1)=sj-1(k) 1jm ng h )

S tr ng thi 2m-1, m i tr ng thi cho m t chp l i ra nn PN s tu n hon v ichu k l n nh t l 2m-1 V d : 8 tr ng thi 100,110,111,011,101,010, 001,100 v dy m l 00111010
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Tnh ch t dy m (chu k c c

i)

Trong m i chu k s 1 l n h n s 0 ch m t n v (nn xc su t xu t hi n 1/2) Trong m t chu k kho ng ch y 1 (1 s 1 ho c 1 s 0) chi m , kho ng ch y 2 (2 s 1 ho c 2 s 0 li n nhau) chi m Hm t t ng quan c a dy m l tu n hon v ch c 2 gi tr (0 v 1)

Tnh ch t c a dy m
1 R c ( X) ! Tb
Tb / 2  Tb / 2

c( t )c( t  X)dt

N 1 1  NT X c R c ( X) ! 1 N

X e Tc cn l i

1 1 N g n n Sc (f ) ! 2 H(f )  2 sin c 2 H f  N N n !g ,n {0 NTc N

Ch : Ph l ph v ch c k/c ph thu c N7

T o dy m
Bi u di n theo a th c
a n ! c1a n1  c 2 a n 2  ...  c r a n r ! ci a n i
i !1 r

G ( D) ! a 0  a1 D  a 2 D 2  ... ! a n D n
n !0

K t h p 2 cng th c trn
G ( D ) ! a n D n ! ci a ni D n
n !0 n ! 0 i !1 r r g g r

g ! c i D a n i D n i n !0 i !1
r i r i

! c i D i [ a i D i  ...  a 1 D 1  G ( D)]
i !1

G ( D)(1  ci D i ) ! ci D i (a i D i  ...  a1 D 1 )

i !1 i !1

G ( D) !

c D (a
i i !1

i

D i  ...  a1 D 1 )
r

1  ci D i
i !1

g 0 ( D) f ( D)

Theo l thuy t ton a th c sinh c c p r t i gi n s cho dy m c

g 0 ( D) !

f ( D) ! 1  ci D i
i !1

ph i di 2r-1
r

c (a
i i !1

i

 a  i 1 D  ...  a 1 D i 1 )

! c1 a 1  c 2 ( a  2  a 1 D )  ...  c r (a  r a  r 1 D  ...  a 1 D r 1 )

L a th c tr ng thi

u khc 0
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T o dy m
D a theo tnh ch t c a a th c sinh (vecto ph n h i) v a th c tr ng thi u
G ( D) ! a 0  a1 D  a 2 D 2  ... ! a n D n
n !0 g

T o dy m
V d cc nt ph n h i l [5,2], [5,4,2,1] t o ra cc dy m khc nhau
M ch l t

M ch l t

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 ngh a c a tr i ph
Tr i: m(t) = c(t)b(t) thu: r(t) = m(t) + i(t) Gi i tr i z(t) = c(t)r(t) = c2(t)b(t)+c(t)i(t) = b(t)+c(t)i(t)

M tr i ph

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Tr i ph tr c ti p v i BPSK

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Thay

i bi u di n v phn tch

y(t) = x(t)+j(t) = c(t)s(t)+j(t)

B t o m gi ng u nhin c cb

Sng mang c c b

u(t) = c(t)y(t) = c2(t)s(t)+c(t)j(t)= s(t)+c(t)j(t)

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ng b
ng b g m 2 b c: B t ( o t ng quan) v bm (dng vng PLL gi ng nh sng mang) Chi u khng gian v t l: T p cc hm c s
2 cos(2 Tf c t ) kTc e t e ( k  1)Tc Jk ( t ) ! Tc 0 cn l i

2 sin(2Tfc t ) kTc e t e ( k  1)Tc Jk ( t ) ! Tc 0 cn l i

K=0,1,2 N-1

D u c ng t

ng ng bit 1 d u tr

ng v i bit 0
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Phn tch
Xt tn hi u nhi u (c 2N chi u) 0 t Tb j( t ) ! j J ( t )  j J ( t )
N 1 k !0
Tb

N 1 k !0

k k

k k

1 J! Tb

1 N 1 2 1 N 1 2 j ( t)dt ! jk  jk Tb k !0 Tb k !0
2

j ! j
2 k k !0 k !0

N 1

N 1

2 k

2 J! Tb

j
k !0

N 1

2 k

Xt t s tn/ n
2 v! Tb
Tb

l i vo v ra b thu
s

u( t)cos(2Tf t )dt ! v
c 0
( k 1) Tc

 v cj

2 b vs ! s( t )cos(2Tfc t )dt Tb 0 2 v cj ! Tb
T

Tb

vs ! s Eb

c(t) j(t )cos(2Tf t )dt

c 0

2 N 1 v cj ! ck Tb k !0

j( t ) cos(2 Tf c t )dt

kTc

Tc N 1 b Tc N 1 v cj ! ck j( t )Jk ( t )dt ! c k jk Tb k !0 k !0 Tb k !0

Tc N 1 Vcj ! Ck jk Tb k !0

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Phn tch
Vcj v Ck l bi n ng u nhin: P(Ck = 1) = P(Ck = 0) = 1/2 Ph ng sai c a Vcj s
l:

E[Ckjk| jk] = jkP(Ck = 1) jkP(Ck = 1) = 1/2 jk 1/2 jk = 0

1 N 1 2 var[ Vcj j] ! jk N k !0

V nhn t tr i N = Tb/Tc ta c: Var[Vcj | j] = JTc/2

2E (SNR ) ra ! b JTc
( SNR) vao ! Eb / Tb J

( SNR ) ra !

2Tb ( SNR ) vao Tc

Th c t hay dng n v dB 10log10(SNR)ra = 10log10(SNR)vao + 3 + 10log10(PG), dB PG = Tb/Tc l l i x l,

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Xc su t l i bit
G i v l l i ra c a b tch ng b trong h DS/BPSK, l cc m u c a bi n ng u nhin V, thnh ph n n t ng ng vcj l m u c a nhi u ngoi Vcj.
V ! s E b  Vcj

Gi s thng tin 1 v 0 cn b ng nhau:

Pe ! P( V " 0 gi 0) ! P( Vcj " E b )

Do Vcj l t ng c a N bi n ng u nhin phn b ng nh t c l p, nn t nh l gi i h n trung tm ta suy ra r ng n u N l n th bi n Vcj c coi l c phn b Gauss. V i trung bnh zero v ph ng sai JTc/2, J l cng su t nhi u ph trung bnh.
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Xc su t l i bit
Sau cng
Pe ! Eb 1 erfc JT 2 c

so snh v i Coi nhi u ph nh m t

N 0 JTc ! 2 2

Eb 1 Pe ! erfc N 2 0

cng su t n
E b Tb P ! N 0 Tc J

J PG ! K hi u P E /N T s J/P g i l ranh gi i nhi u ph. Khi chuy n sang dB: (ranh gi i nhi u ph)dB = ( l i x l)dB 10log10(Eb/N0)min 18
b 0

V d
M t h truy n tin tr i ph c cc thng s sau:
di bit thng tin: Tb = 4,095ms, Do l i x l PG = 4095 di chp PN Tc = 1 s

Dy PN s c N = 4095. Suy ra m = 12. b thu ch p nh n c, ta gi s xc su t l i bit khng v t qu 105. Tra b ng hm l i, v i Eb/N0 = 10 cho ta xc su t l i trung bnh b ng 0,387 x 105. Dng gi tr c a Eb/N0 v gi tr l i x l tnh c ta tm c ranh gi i nhi u ph: (ranh gi i nhi u ph)dB = 10log104095 10log10(10)= 36,110 = 26,1 dB T c l bit thng tin t i l i ra b thu c th c tch tin c y th m ch khi n ho c can nhi u t i l i vo b thu g p 409,5 l n cng su t tn hi u thu c. R rng y l u i m r t m nh ch ng l i nhi u ph.
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H th ng nhi u ng
Xc su t l i
1 Pe ! Q K 1  N0 3N 2 Eb
m1(t) PN1(t) mk(t) S1(t) cos(2 fct + Sk(t)

i dng
1
1)

k
PNk(t) cos(2 fct + k) (a) M hnh k ng i dng

N u b qua n nhi t
3N Pe ! Q K 1

PN1(t)

2cos(2 fct + 1) (b) B thu ng i dng 1

K l s ng

i dng, N l

di PN
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Tr i ph nh y t n
H nh y t n ch m (FH/MFSK) V d : N=24-1, s bit/k.hi u MFSK K=2 s hi MFSK M=2K=4 di PN/l n nh y t n k=3 s t ng c ng nh y t n 2k=8
T ns RS wc Ts Th Tb l i vo Dy PN Rs

FH FH Sng mang nh y y t nn Sng mang nh t

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S
T c

cho nh y t n FH/MFSK

chp c nh ngh a: Rc=max (Rh,Rs)

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Ranh gi i nhi u
Gi s ngu n nhi u cng su t J tr i trn ton b d i t n t ng ng N0=J/Wc
E P/ J ! N 0 Wc / R s

P/J l ngh ch o ranh gi i nhi u ph. l i x l c a FH/MFSK l: PG = Wc/Rs = 2k hay l i x l theo dB: 10log102k = 3k (k l di dy PN)
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Nh y t n nhanh
S bit/k hi u MFSK K=2 S hi c a MFSK M = 2K = 4 di khc PN/l n nh y k = 3 S t ng c ng nh y t n 2k = 8

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 H nh y t n nhanh FH/MFSK khc v i nh y t n ch m ch c nhi u l n nh y trong m t kho ng k hi u h ng M (kh n ng ch ng nhi u ch cao h n) Qui trnh tch khc nh y t n ch m, theo 2 b c: v i m i k hi u FH/MFSK,quy t nh th c hi n trn K chip nh y theo quy t c a s - hm h p l c tnh nh tn hi u t ng cng nh n trn K chip v ch n theo qui t c l n nh t
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Nh y t n nhi u ng

i dng

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Xc su t l i trong nh y t n
Xc su t l i BFSK Xc su t l i bao g m c tranh ch p
Pe !
E 1 Pe ! exp  b 2N 2 0 1 (1  p h )  p h 2
1 p h ! 1  1  M
K 1

E 1 exp  b 2N 2 0

K 1 M

K ngu n tranh ch p v M kh n ng nh y Thay vo ph ng trnh l i

E K  1 1 K  1 1 Pe ! exp  b 1   2 N M 2 M 2 0
Eb pg N0

lim ( Pe ) !

1 K  1 2 M

Khi tranh ch p khng

1 1 p h ! 1  1  1  M N b
K 1

ng b
1 1  N b
K 1

E 1 1 Pe ! exp  b 1  N 2 0 M

1 1  [1  1  2 M

1 1  N b

K 1

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Dy Gold
Nh m t o ra nhi u dy PN cl p

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K t lu n
Tr i ph tr c ti p ch ng c hin t ng a ng (tr tr i) t t do phn t p v th i gian. Ch ng nhi u MAI ( a ng i dng) t t song ph i i u khi n cng su t Tr i ph nh y t n phn t p v t n s , khng c n i u khi n cng su t, khng c n thu ng b song ch ng nhi u a ng khng t t
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Bi t p
1. Cho dy t o PN c clock 107/s c tr ng thi 1000 u l

a) b) c) d) e) f)

di PN Th i gian chp Chu k dy PN Tm dy l i ra, Tnh cn b ng, qung ch y Hm t t ng quan

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2. Ch ng t r ng b ng s th t 7.3 c th xy d ng b ng 2 b c: b(t) v c(t) c a PN c c ng m dulo 2, sau 0, 1 bi u di n 0 v 1800

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 3. ch ng t r ng 2 dy PN gi ng nhau

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 4. Dy PN c m=19. h yu c u pe=10-5. Tnh a) h s s l, b) ranh gi i ch ng nhi u 5. T khng gian tn hi u BPSK. M r ng phn tch ny cho QPSK

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