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2010.8.16.

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open review .

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, 600 2000 ,
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(particle-laden two phase flow) .

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3000, 2

1 , 2
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3000 .
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(irreversible free expansion).

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( 6, 1000 )
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TNT 250kg(150) 3000oC, 20,000
.

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, 0( 1.27kg/m3, 6 1,270kg) .
, ( cv mgasTgas

+ cv m airTair ) ( cv mgas + airTgas + air )

493oC . 3.36
.

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J.E.A. John, Gas Dynamics, 1969, Allyn and Bacon, Boston.

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, ( M 1 ) ( M 2 )

M2 =

M 12 +

2
1

(1)

2
M 2 1
1 1

( c p / cv ).

M 2 < 1 < M 1

1.9 ,
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3.36,

M 1 = 1.5 , 520 ( M 2 = 0.7 ).

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(most probable speed), ,
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dU = TdS PdV

(2)

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U , S , V

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dU = 0 , dV > 0 , dS > 0 . ,

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.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_explosion

(1955 WIGWAM test) ,


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(2)

dS = 0 .

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dU = m cv dT ( m ) , P =
cv

mRT
, (2)
V

dT
dV
= R
T
V

(3)

c p = cv + R ,

TV 1 = const

(4)

(4) .
.

= 1.3 . 3300K .

0.3 6 , 203, 8,000


8,0000.3= 14.8 1 .

222K, 50oC

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(thermal boundary layer)


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? 5000K , 338K, 65oC .

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3000 ,
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250,000 .
3000 .

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intensive property .
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3000/(K) .
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(Wien)

3000K 1, .

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0.5 , ++
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p V ) .

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6 , 0.16GJ, 26
(7) 0.94GJ 1.07GJ ,
0oC .
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, (7)
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, 3 12 10 10(0.227kg),
151/250 151/(250/0.227) .

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