Basic Essential Additional Mathematics Skills

Curriculum Development Division Ministry of Education Malaysia Putrajaya 2010

First published 2010

Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia Aras 4-8, Blok E9 Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan 62604 Putrajaya Tel.: 03-88842000 Fax.: 03-88889917 Website: http://www.moe.gov.my/bpk

Copyright reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, and recording is forbidden without prior written permission from the Director of the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface Acknowledgement Introduction Objective Module Layout BEAMS Module: Unit 1: Unit 2: Unit 3: Unit 4: Unit 5: Unit 6: Unit 7: Unit 8: Negative Numbers Fractions Algebraic Expressions and Algebraic Formulae Linear Equations Indices Coordinates and Graphs of Functions Linear Inequalities Trigonometry

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Panel of Contributors

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education wishes to express our deepest gratitude and appreciation to all panel of contributors for their expert views and opinions, dedication, and continuous support in the development of this module.

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INTRODUCTION
Additional Mathematics is an elective subject taught at the upper secondary level. This subject demands a higher level of mathematical thinking and skills compared to that required by the more general Mathematics KBSM. A sound foundation in mathematics is deemed crucial for pupils not only to be able to grasp important concepts taught in Additional Mathematics classes, but also in preparing them for tertiary education and life in general.

This Basic Essential Additional Mathematics Skills (BEAMS) Module is one of the continuous efforts initiated by the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education, to ensure optimal development of mathematical skills amongst pupils at large. By the acronym BEAMS itself, it is hoped that this module will serve as a concrete essential support that will fruitfully diminish mathematics anxiety amongst pupils. Having gone through the BEAMS Module, it is hoped that fears induced by inadequate basic mathematical skills will vanish, and pupils will learn mathematics with the due excitement and enjoyment.

OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this module is to help pupils develop a solid essential mathematics foundation and hence, be able to apply confidently their mathematical skills, specifically in school and more significantly in real-life situations.

MODULE LAYOUT
This module encompasses all mathematical skills and knowledge taught in the lower secondary level and is divided into eight units as follows: Unit 1: Unit 2: Unit 3: Unit 4: Unit 5: Unit 6: Unit 7: Unit 8: Negative Numbers Fractions Algebraic Expressions and Algebraic Formulae Linear Equations Indices Coordinates and Graphs of Functions Linear Inequalities Trigonometry

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Each unit stands alone and can be used as a comprehensive revision of a particular topic. Most of the units follow as much as possible the following layout: Module Overview Objectives Teaching and Learning Strategies Lesson Notes Examples Test Yourself Answers The Lesson Notes, Examples and Test Yourself in each unit can be used as supplementary or reinforcement handouts to help pupils recall and understand the basic concepts and skills needed in each topic. Teachers are advised to study the whole unit prior to classroom teaching so as to familiarize with its content. By completely examining the unit, teachers should be able to select any part in the unit that best fit the needs of their pupils. It is reminded that each unit in this module is by no means a complete lesson, rather as a supporting material that should be ingeniously integrated into the Additional Mathematics teaching and learning processes. At the outset, this module is aimed at furnishing pupils with the basic mathematics foundation prior to the learning of Additional Mathematics, however the usage could be broadened. This module can also be benefited by all pupils, especially those who are preparing for the Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) Examination.

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PANEL OF CONTRIBUTORS
Advisors: Haji Ali bin Ab. Ghani AMN Director Curriculum Development Division Dr. Lee Boon Hua Deputy Director (Humanities) Curriculum Development Division Mohd. Zanal bin Dirin Deputy Director (Science and Technology) Curriculum Development Division

Editorial Advisor: Aziz bin Saad Principal Assistant Director (Head of Science and Mathematics Sector) Curriculum Development Division Editors: Dr. Rusilawati binti Othman Assistant Director (Head of Secondary Mathematics Unit) Curriculum Development Division Aszunarni binti Ayob Assistant Director Curriculum Development Division Rosita binti Mat Zain Assistant Director Curriculum Development Division

Writers:

Abdul Rahim bin Bujang SM Tun Fatimah, Johor Ali Akbar bin Asri SM Sains, Labuan Amrah bin Bahari SMK Dato Sheikh Ahmad, Arau, Perlis Aziyah binti Paimin SMK Kompleks KLIA, , Negeri Sembilan Bashirah binti Seleman SMK Sultan Abdul Halim, Jitra, Kedah Bibi Kismete binti Kabul Khan SMK Jelapang Jaya, Ipoh, Perak Che Rokiah binti Md. Isa SMK Dato Wan Mohd. Saman, Kedah Cheong Nyok Tai SMK Perempuan, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Ding Hong Eng SM Sains Alam Shah, Kuala Lumpur Esah binti Daud SMK Seri Budiman, Kuala Terengganu Haspiah binti Basiran SMK Tun Perak, Jasin, Melaka

Hon May Wan SMK Tasek Damai, Ipoh, Perak Horsiah binti Ahmad SMK Tun Perak, Jasin, Melaka Kalaimathi a/p Rajagopal SMK Sungai Layar, Sungai Petani, Kedah Kho Choong Quan SMK Ulu Kinta, Ipoh, Perak Lau Choi Fong SMK Hulu Klang, Selangor Loh Peh Choo SMK Bandar Baru Sungai Buloh, Selangor Mohd. Misbah bin Ramli SMK Tunku Sulong, Gurun, Kedah Noor Aida binti Mohd. Zin SMK Tinggi Kajang, Kajang, Selangor Noor Ishak bin Mohd. Salleh SMK Laksamana, Kota Tinggi, Johor Noorliah binti Ahmat SM Teknik, Kuala Lumpur Nor Aidah binti Johari SMK Teknik Setapak, Selangor
Noorliah binti Ahmat SM Teknik, Kuala Lumpur

Ali Akbar bin Asri SM Sains, Labuan

Nor Aidah binti Johari SMK Teknik Setapak, Selangor

Amrah bin Bahari SMK Dato Sheikh Ahmad, Arau, Perlis

Nor Dalina binti Idris SMK Syed Alwi, Kangar, Perlis

Writers:

Nor Dalina binti Idris SMK Syed Alwi, Kangar, Perlis Norizatun binti Abdul Samid SMK Sultan Badlishah, Kulim, Kedah Pahimi bin Wan Salleh Maktab Sultan Ismail, Kelantan Rauziah binti Mohd. Ayob SMK Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, Selangor Rohaya binti Shaari SMK Tinggi Bukit Merajam, Pulau Pinang Roziah binti Hj. Zakaria SMK Taman Inderawasih, Pulau Pinang Shakiroh binti Awang SM Teknik Tuanku Jaafar, Negeri Sembilan Sharina binti Mohd. Zulkifli SMK Agama, Arau, Perlis Sim Kwang Yaw SMK Petra, Kuching, Sarawak

Suhaimi bin Mohd. Tabiee SMK Datuk Haji Abdul Kadir, Pulau Pinang Suraiya binti Abdul Halim SMK Pokok Sena, Pulau Pinang Tan Lee Fang SMK Perlis, Perlis Tempawan binti Abdul Aziz SMK Mahsuri, Langkawi, Kedah Turasima binti Marjuki SMKA Simpang Lima, Selangor Wan Azlilah binti Wan Nawi SMK Putrajaya Presint 9(1), WP Putrajaya Zainah binti Kebi SMK Pandan, Kuantan, Pahang Zaleha binti Tomijan SMK Ayer Puteh Dalam, Pendang, Kedah Zariah binti Hassan SMK Dato Onn, Butterworth, Pulau Pinang

Layout and Illustration: Aszunarni binti Ayob Assistant Director Curriculum Development Division Mohd. Lufti bin Mahpudz Assistant Director Curriculum Development Division