SCADA AND ITS APPLICATION

What is SCADA?
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. SCADA refers to a system that collects data from various sensors at a factory, plant or in other remote locations and then sends this data to a central computer which then manages and controls the data.

SUBSYSTEMS OF SCADA SYSTEM

Human-Machine Interface is the apparatus which presents process data to a human operator, and through this, the human operator monitors and controls the process. Remote Terminal Units connecting to sensors in the process, converting sensor signals to digital data and sending digital data to the supervisory system.

 Programmable Logic Controller used as field devices because they are more economical, versatile, flexible, and configurable than special-purpose RTUs. Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the Remote Terminal Units

TYPICAL SCADA SYSTEM

SCADA Architectures
First Generation Monolithic Second Generation Distributed Third Generation Networked

First generation: "Monolithic"

Thus SCADA systems were independent systems with no connectivity to other systems The Wide Area Networks (WANs) that were implemented to communicate with remote terminal units (RTUs)

First generation: "Monolithic"

Second generation: "Distributed

The processing was distributed across multiple stations which were connected through a LAN and they shared information in real time Each station was responsible for a particular task

Second generation: "Distributed"

Third generation: "Networked"

SCADA systems are accessible with the help of Internet SCADA systems comes from the use of WAN protocols such as the Internet Protocol(IP)for communication between the master station and communications equipment

Third generation: "Networked"

Third generation: "Networked"

SCADA WAN

Communications Server

RTU

APPLICATIONS
1) Industrial processes include those of : a. Manufacturing, b. Production, c. power generation, d. Fabrication, e. Refining, 2) Infrastructure processes may be public or private : a. water treatment and distribution, b. Waste water collection and treatment, c. Oil and gas pipelines, d. Electrical power transmission and distribution,

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