wifrdk;

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

opf&Gufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJhrSwfwrf;rsm;
pum;ajyeJYa&;wJYuAsm

wifrdk; (1933- 2007)

uAsmq&mBuD; OD;wifrdk; 1998 Zlvdkif 20 &ufu pwifa&;om;cJhwJh
]opf&Gufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJhrSwfwrf;rsm;} trnf&Sd pum;ajyeJYa&;wJhuAsmrsm; udk
jrefrmjynfwGif;rSm xkwfcGifhr&cJhygbl;?
wu,fawmh 'D pmayrsm;[m jrefrmpmayordkif;rSm txifu& rSwfwdkifwcktjzpf
xm0&xdrf;odrf;xm;&r,fh &wemawGvdkY uRefawmfwdkY em;vnfwJhtwGuf tm;vHk; raysmufrysuf
jzpfapbdkYeJY trsm; zwfbdkYtwGuf a0iSvdkufygw,f? tm;vHk; cHpm;Edkifvdrfhr,fvdkU ,HkMunfygw,f?
waeY pmaywefbdk;udk em;vnfwJh tkyfcsKyfolawG jrefrmEdkifiHBuD;udk wnfaxmifwJhtcg jynfwGif;rSm
<um;<um;0ifh0ifh jyefvnf xkwfa0Edkifvdrfhr,fvdkU arSsmfvifhygw,f tm;vHk;udk aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
,aeYjrefrm
http://www.burmatoday.net/
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

pmzwfolodkU
b0opf&Gufuav;awG
wpf&GufNyD; wpf&Gufa<uus/
a<uusaewJh opf&Gufuav;ay:rSm tawG;rSwfwrf;uav;awG a&;rdw,f/
'Dvdk tawG;uav;awG? pdwful;uav;awGudk rSwfwrf;a&;Munfh&wm aysmfw,f/
uAsmtawG;? pum;ajyta&;eJU a&;rdwmaygh/
] ydawmufrSo&zDodkU } vdk pmpkuav;ygyJ/
a&;r,f? a&;r,feJU aw;xm;wmMumjyD/ 1967]ydawmufrSo&zDodkU}pmtkyfuav; xkwfNyD;uwnf;u/
ESpfaygif;oHk;q,fawmifausmfp yvmNyD/ pma&;uvJ ysif;olyDyDrdkU/
'DESpf (20? Zlvdkif? 1998) a&mufrS 'Dpmpkuav;awGudk owdw& aumufumiifum a&;jzpfygw,f/
]pmpDpmuHk;} uav;awGvm;? ]pmnGefU} vm;? ]pum;ajyuAsm} vm;? ]pmyef;csD} vm;? ]vSyaompum;ajy} vm;/
b,fvdk ac:&rSef;rod/ csDwHkcswHk wtHkaEG;aEG;/
pmayynm&Sif? pmaya0zefa&;q&mwdkUom wwfEdkifaumif;wJhtvkyfrdkU olwdkUwawGom oifhawmfovdk
a0zEdu yygapawmh/ udk,fuawmh a&;csifwmomodolrdkU a&;rda&;&m udk,fhudpomvkyfzdkU qHk;jzwfrdygw,f/
a&;wJhtcgrSmawmh jrefrmpum;ajyudk uspfuspfvspfvspfjzpfzdkU *&kpdkuf&w,f/ pdwful;uav;awG
ygatmif txdkuftavsmuf tm;xkwf&w,f/ pum;ajy&JUoHpOfacsmajyzdkU tm&Hkxm;&w,f/
pma&;oltaeeJU vSywifhw,f zwfcsifhzG,fjzpftmif zefwD;rdygw,f/
]&o} awmh ]&o} ygyJ/ vS\rvS\ tusnf;wef\ qdkwmuawmh pmzwfol&JU oabmawmf twdkif;y/
ayghayghyg;yg; em;em;aeae csifjcif;ajyzwfzdkU pdwful;avSuav; vTwfvdkufNyD/ zrf;,lBudKawmh EkysdKawmh/

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

1/ vrD;tdrfESifhnurm
vrD;tdrfuav;udk csdwfqGJjyD; r&Jw&Jvif;csdef jzpfonf/
n\tvStywdkUu z&dkz&Jjzpf? 0wfvpfpvpfusif;um avnif;cHvsuf&Sdonf/
rtlyifudkif;zsm;u wdrftem;owfrsOf;u oabFmyHk &GufvTifhvsuf/
tm&HkEdk;ae tdrfcsifydk;ykef;ae&aom uAsmq&mtzdkU nurmwGif wa,mufxD;wnf; &TifjrL;aerdonf/
wGwfwD;wGwfwm aw;uAsmqdkwwfaom iSufuav;wdkUonf tdrfaysmfaeMuNyD/
uAsmq&mESifhtwl Edk;Mum;aeolrSm prf;acsmif;uav;yif jzpfonf/
olum; tdyfonf [lr&Sd/
aeUESifhnudkyif cGJjcm; odtHhrxif/
olUoHpOfuvnf; tjrJ&Tifaeonf/
oHpOfxyfaeaomfvnf; NiD;aiGUzG,fr&Sd/
aw;qdkolESifhem;qifol ESpfOD;om&Sdaom nudkikHUMunfhaeolrSm vrD;tdrfuav;om jzpfcsdrfhrnf/
aw;\teuft"dym,fum; odvG,fonfvnf;r[kwf? teufikyfonfvnf; rqdkom/
cspfzG,faumiff;onfhn urm/
wifrdk;
20?7?98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

2/ rkom;apmif;oH
rkom;rsm;jzifh okwfvdrf;xm;aom apmif;ud;udk wD;cwfthHaomiSm aMu;pm;apmif;orm;onf
vufoH prf;Munfh\/
ydk;ud;ESifhuspfxm;aom apmif;ud;rS uvdrfuuspfaw;wpfp avQmusvmcJh\/
rm,mESifhzHk;tkyf opm&kyfqifxm;vifhupm; nSdxm;aomtoH rrSefruefxGufvmonfudk em;qif
Mu&aom y&dowfonf rsufawmifrQrcwf? &ifrQvnf;royf? vQyfay:avmfvDonfh aw;udk ai;aeMuukef\/
ZmwfcHk\ a&SUwef;qDrS rk'dwmoH rxGufaom vufckwfoHtenf;i,f xGufvm\/
]&SufzG,fwum; ... &SufzG,fwum;} [kem;xJ Mum;a,mifaeaom y&dowfum; raewwfrxdkifwwfjzpfbd\/
xkdUaemuf rdU0efrif;\ qkaiGxkyfudk 'l;wkyfvufcHaom apmif;orm;onf y&dowftm; jypm;
wD;cwfjyav&m rMumrD axmif;ceJ apmif;udk; jywfavownf;/
y&dowftm; vSnfhpm;tHhiSm tEkynmrm,moHk;u vlrkef;rsm;aom [l\/
wifrdk;
20?7?98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

3/ upm;yGJ
tcgvnfom;ausmfausmf&Sdaom uav;i,fonf yef;yifudyef;yifMum; awmufwufawmufwuf
oGm;&if; yef;rsm;udk cl;\/ arT;&eHUudk pl;prf;\/ yef;\wifhw,fjcif;udk tuJcwf\/ xdkUaemuf yef;udk
ypfaygufvdkuf&m upm;yGJjzpfoGm;NyD;vQif aysmfjrL;oGm;av\/
xdkUaemuf 0g;&HkyiftudtMum;odkU a&mufjyef\/ 0g;&Hkzsm;wGif em;aeaom iSufuav;wdkUudk
armhMunfh\/ iSufuav;wdkU\ usnfusnfusmusmtoHudk em;pdkufMunfh\/ 0g;&Gufuav;rsm;udk cl;\/
xdkUaemuf 0g;&Hkyifudk udkifvIyfvdkuf&m qlqlnHnHvIyf&Sm;vmNyD; upm;yGJjzpfoGm;NyD;vQif aysmfjrL;oGm;av\/
xdkUaemuf apmif;vsm;yifatmufodkU a&mufoGm;jyef\/ tzGm;pdkufcJhaom apmif;vsm;yifyguvm;[k
olrod/ a<uusaeaom apmif;vsm;csdKoD;udkawGU\/ c&rf;a&mif apmif;vsm;yGifhuav;awGudk Munfh&if; toD;udk
udkufpm;vdkuf\/ t&omudkod wpfudkufNyD; wpfudkuf pm;rd\/ xdkUaemuf apmif;vsm;oD;rSnfh0if;0if;udk
vTifhypfvdkuf&m upm;yGJjzpfoGm;NyD;vQif aysmfjrL;oGm;av\/
wifrdk;
21?7?98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

4/ ,yfawmifuav;rsm;rSwqifh
EkysdKwuf<u b0udktm;ESifhrmefESifhwnfaqmufaeaom vkvifi,fuav;wpfOD;\ tokbyGJodkU
a&mufcJh\/
pum;rQrqdkEdkif&Smaom zciftdk\0Jaeaomrsuf&nfponf zcif\[',udk zGifhvSpfjyaeouJhodkU/
EkysdKoonf r&PwHwm;ay:odkU tHhtm;oifhzG,f wufa&muful;ajrmufoGm;NyD;aemuf jyefrvmawmhacs/
&yfuGufxJwGif tzGm;tdkwpfOD;\ psmye? rl;,pfvli,fwpfOD;\ tokbponfjzifh rMumcP
uH&wwf\/ olwdkU\,yfawmifuav;rsm;onf usef&pfoludkat;ap olwdkUudk,fwdkifurl tyludk ,laqmif
oGm;MuyHk&onf/ odkUaomf ...
,yfawmifuav;rsm;onf b0oHa0\ oauFwrsm;omjzpfayawmhonf/
ESajrmjcif;? ,lusHK;r&jzpfjcif;? aMuuGJjcif;wdkUESifhwnfaqmufxm;aomb0wGif ,yfawmifuav;rsm;
a0iSMu&OD;rnfom/
,yfawmifaemufuG,fwGif <u,f0aom t"dym,f xm;&SdcJhzdkUvdkonf/ touf&SifpOf wefzdk;&Sdaom
ordkif;wpfckcka&;cJhzdkUawmh vdkonf/
wifrdk;
21?7?98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

5/ pmqdkESifhavmu
za,mif;wdkifrD; vkyfvDvkyfvJhESifh wikwfwkwfwkwf pmzGJUae&Smaom u0dpmqdkBuD;onf wJuav;\
tjyifodkUvSrf;arQmfMunfhrd\/
MumeDwpfyGifh jzLwpfyGifh/ avtoifhwGifwdrf;riJhwiJh ,drf;wEGJUEGJU/
ysHvTm;iSufuav;rsm;/ ajrBuD;ESifh aumif;uifMum;yl;wHkcGmwHk? eD;wHka0;wHk/
&J&JeDaom ajrpdkifcJrsm;/
xGefjzifh,ufcGJ? x,fjzifhxdk;vSef;xm; ajrom;tqDw0if;0if;? ajroif;cJ &eHUoif;ysHUysHU/
rsufpdwpfqHk;cefU tjyefUus,farm jymaom rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;/ tydkif;tjcm;rxifaom t&yf/
u0dpmqdk tzdk;tdkonf jynfhvQHaeaom arwmESvHk;jzifh ywfuHk;0ef;usif &Ijrifvsuf MunfEl;omcsdK
pmqkdav\/
xdktcg ay&Gufay:wGif Mumyef;rsm;wpfyGifhNyD; wpfyGifh/ ysHvTm;iSufuav;rsm; edrfhwHkjrifhwHk/
ajrqDcJuav;rsm; w&J&J woif;oif;ESifh/ us,fjyefUaom tawG;rdk;aumif;uifrSm pmobif usif;vsuf
&Sdavownf;/
wifrdk;
22? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

6/ t&dkif;urmrS MumyGwfoH
MumyGwfoH w&Trf;&Trf;? aNcusif;oH w>cif;>cif;ESifh vlvlcsif;uRefyaeMu&m t&dkif;urm[l
t&dkif;acwfu &Sdzl;\/
vlUordkif; t&dkif;pdwf0ifvmvQif MumyGwfoH? ajcusif;oH Mum;&pjrJwnf;/
vlom;onf ow0gwpfOD;jzpfonfrSef\/ odkUaomf todmPfjrifh pdwfESvHk;&ifhcJhonfh tavsmuf
wd&pmefavmuom;wdkUrS jcm;em;cJhavjyD/
tcsif;csif; &dkif;yif;ulnDrIonfom ,Ofaus;rI[l em;vnfcJhavNyD/ t&dkif;urmrS t,Of urmodkU
ul;ajymif; wdk;wufcJhavNyD/
EdkifhxufpD;ydk; MumyGwfudkifvTrf;rdk;jcif;onf vlom;\tnGefUudk &dkufcsdK;jcif;rnfawmh\/
vlom;\ rsufESmxufu trnf;pufudk igwdkUzsufukeftHh/
vlom;\ vGwfvyfaysmf&TifpGm oDqdkaomaw;oHudk emcH&if; tvkyfcGifodkU 0ifMuukeftHh/
a[m ... em;axmifprf; ...
vlUurmwpfae&mrSm MumyGwfoHMum;ae&onf/
EdkifhxufpD;eif; yusifhjcif;onf vlUurm\ om,maomaw;oDcsif; r[kwfwHk/
wifrdk;
22? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

7/ yef;ykq&m\,rif;&kyf
ndknufnpfax;aom yef;ykq&m\vufrS jzLazG;0if;oefUaom ,rif;&kyfuav; xGufay:vm\/
wdrfrnf;wrfndkMum;rS &Tef;pdk0if;yaomvrif; xGufay:vmonfhES,f/
b0nGefxJwGif wvl;vl;wvefvef tausmuftuef &kef;&mrS todmPfausmufpdrf;wHk;udk
vuf0,fydkifydkif &vmEdkifcJhonf/
uRJBuD;wpfaumif csdKaxmifAdkufum; &THUnGefawGMum;rS a&Tom;uRef;0gqGJwifvmonfodkU/
acR;wpfpufrQ rpD;usbJ vlUb0\ &oudk jynfh0pGm cHpm;cGifhr&Edkif/ tm;xkwf&onf/ mPfESifh
ESvHk;wefoifhatmifoHk;&onf/ zefwD;&onf/ wDxGif&onf/ 'grSvlUb0\tvSty/
a&omcdk tacsmifEdIufvdkaom vlrdkufonf zefwD;jcif;udkrod/ tm;xkwfjcif;udk todtrSwf ry/
mPfjzifh xdef; vrf;rwdrf;&atmif oGm;&rnfudk em;rvnf/
tEkynmrsufuef;onf ,rif;&kyfuav;\tqif;udk rnfodkUjrifEdkiftHhenf;/
wifrdk;
22? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

10

8/ &JabmfBuD;ESpfOD;
tzdk;tdk\ udk,fvHk;udk,faygufonf usD;ajcaxmufozG,f ydefajcmufrnf;eufvsuf&Sd\/
olUrsufvHk;rsm;onf pl;&SxGif;azmuf ta&mifawmufvsuf&Sd\/ olUacgif;&if;wGif ol&Jaumif; wHqdyfrsm; z&dkz&J
csdwfwGJvsuf/
]ighpnf;pdrf? igh*kPfoa&twGuf toufr&Sif/ ighEdkifiH? ighvlom;twGuf igtouf&Sifonf}
[k rsufESmrSm rmefa&mifawmufae\/
ajcwpfzuf jywfaeaom olU&JabmftdkBuD;xHodkU qefwpfqkyf? a&wpfrIwf oGm;a&muf ay;urf;aeqJ/
csKyf&dk;w&pyfESifh pkwfjywfaeaom vHkcsnfa[mif;wpfxnf oGm;a&mufaxmufyHhqJ/
naeqnf;qm\ azsmhawmh0if;0gaom tvif;a&mifonf &JabmftdkBuD;ESpfOD;\ Munfvif aeaom
tyH;udk vSpfjyaeouJhodkU&Sd\/
oefU&Sif;aomESvHk;? oefU&Sif;aomtyH;wdkUonf zdk;vrif; ta&SUuxGufay:csdefwGif ,SofydifxGef;vif;
vsuf&Sd\/
i,f&G,fEkysdKrIudk ylaZmf&if; &ifha&mfcJh&aomolwdkUb0udk aemifwonf rESdyfpufEdkif/ ajzmifhajzmifhae
ajzmifhajzmifhaovdkaom &JabmftdkBuD;ESpfOD;rSm MunfEl;csrf;ajrU 'kucyfodrf;udkarhvsuf/
wifrdk;
24? 7? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

11

9/ e&DrSef pnf;rSef avmuaw;oH

bkwfiSufonf tqufrjywf wGefjrnfae\/ um;vrf;rwGif um;BuD;um;i,f um;toG,foG,f
wdkUonf w0D0D wa0ga0g tawmrowf/
um;vrf;rab;wGif csHKzkwf wpfcsKHpm &SdEdkif&monf/ cdkvIH&m wpfae&maMumifh bkwfiSuf
crsm atmfEdkifjcif; jzpfayrnf/ olUtoHudk w&Hrvyf Mum;ae&qJ/
aMu;eef;ud;wef;ay:wGif pmuav;wdkU wpfcPrQ em;ae wuspfuspfjrnfum ysHajy;Mu\/
bkwfiSufum; atmfqJyif/
aumif;uif,H av,mOfysHonf b,f&yfb,fXmefodkU ysHoef;rnfrod/ olvnf; a0ga0gjrnf[def;
wrk[kwfcsif;yif olUtoHudk &kyfodrf;avNyD/ odkUaomf bkwfiSufuav;u wGefqJyif/
bkwfiSufuav;udk rjrif/ b,fae&mrSm cdk0ifaeoenf;/ olUoHpOfuav;udkom Mum;ae&onf/
ol b,fem;u jrnfoenf;/ rnfolrQ rod/ rnfolrQ rpl;prf;/ olcdkvIH&mudkvnf;&SmazGjcif;ry/
olUtvkyf? olUwm0efudk odaom bkwfiSufuav;\ aw;oHonf avmu\ e&DrSef? pnf;rSef
{uefoDcsif; ygwum;/
wifrdk;
24? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

12

10/ tawG;&Gmu Mu,fpif NyDK;jyuf

tawG;opfygaompmonf urmopf wpfae&modkU ac:aqmifoGm;\/
tysif;ajy[k xifrdjim;vnf; av;eufvSpGmonf/ jzmceJ 0if;ceJ awmufyaeaom tawG;uGufwdkUudk
tHhtm;oifhzG,f jrifcGifh&onf/ yDwdjzpfcGifh MuHKonf/
,rkEm oDwmaomifajcOD;qDodkU avSuav;wpfpif;ESifh vl;umvdrfhum vdkufyg&onfodkU/
tb,fpmonf vufvufjzmaeaom &wemwdkUygenf;/ igwdkUvnf; rodukef/ tcGifhuHcgrS
awGUjrif&jcif; aywnf;/
tdkrif;aqG;ajrhaeaom ayyk&ydkufudk pmwdkufaowmxJwGif `rIyfESHo*[fNyD;NyD[k rxifvdkufygESifh/
ayvm yk&ydkufvmpmwdkUonfyif touf0ifvmNyD;vQif tawG;&Gm topfwpfckudk zefqif;wwfavonf/
tHhzG,f&SdpG/ a&S;a[mif;yd#uwfwdkufrS xvmNyD;vQif yd;yd;jyufjyuf wcJeufaom a&mifpOfjzifh
vlUwpfcGifudk topftvGif zefqif;cJhzl;aygif; rsm;cJhNyD r[kwfwHkavm/
tawG;&Gmxuf Mu,fpifydk;jyuf tdyfruf rqdkEdkifaumif;ygwum;/
wifrdk;
25? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

13

11/ arQmfpifay:u ynm&Sd

euwfarQmfpifay:u ynm&Sdonf rdk;aumif;uif\ vQdKU0SufcsufwdkUudk qGwfcl;vsuf ajrBuD;ay:u
vlom;rsm; aumif;pm;pdrfhaomiSm ay;urf;a0iS\/
opfyiftjrifhxufodkU wuf iSufrEdkifatmifoD;>ywf tcdkifcdkif oD;rSnfhaeonfwdkUudk cl;qGwf
ay;urf;aeaomolESifh wlvSpGm\/
obm0udk xufatmufvSef odyHenf;ESifhjzpfap? 0dZmenf;ESifhjzpfap wl;azmfay;urf;vdkaom
apwemonf ynm&Sif\ ESvHk;om;wGif udef;atmif;vsuf&Sd\/
ynm&Sifonf wpfacwf wpfcg wpfMoZm\ tusdK;aus;Zl;udkom aqmifwwfonf r[kwfacs/
tacwfacwf tcgcg vlUurm wnf&Sdaeoa&GU pdwfESvHk; csrf;ajrhatmif pGrf;aqmifvdkonfom/
odkUwapvnf; twavmbjzifh e,fedrdwf tusOf;csvdkolwdkUonf euwfarQmfpifay:odkU wkwf
vSHwHwdkUjzifh ypfcwf vnf;aumif;? tremy z&k0gpmwdkUudk a&&Gwf vnf;aumif; usOf;ajrmif;aom
pdwfxm;jzifh w&m;rJhyrlwwfMuukef\/
odkUaomf zpifpGm cGifhvTwf Mu&rnfomwnf;/
wifrdk;
25? &? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

14

12/ vGwfvyf csrf;om

uav;i,f\ urmonf vGwfvyfrI&wem tcsrf;omqHk;urm jzpfav\/
olidkcsifvQif oHukefwif tpl;&SqHk;oHpOfjzifh idk\/ taru olUudkb,fawmhrS ridjiifbl;[k tvdkvdk
odav\/
ol &,fcsifvQifvnf; vdyfjymuav; tawmifyHcwfonfudkMunfh tm;&yg;& wcpfcpf&,f\/
oljriforQ &,fcsifp&mcsnf;om/ yg;tdkUuav; wvIyfvIyf? vufuav; wvIyfvIyfESifh tcsKyfwnf;rJh &,f\/
taru olUukd b,fawmhrS ridjiifbl;[k tvdkvdk odav\/
yef;uefpifay:u yef;uefudk cGJypf\/ pmtkyfpifay:u pmtkyfawGudk qGJ,lvTifhypf\/ b,fol
em;rvnf em;rvnf? udk,fydkif pum;vHk;? udk,fydkif bmompum; wDxGif ajym\/ ol AvHk;AaxG;ajymaom
pum;udk em;axmif vlawGu cspfp&m[kqdkum olUudk csDydk;erf;&Iyf Muukef\/ taru olUudk b,fawmhrS
ridjiifbl;[k tvdkvdk odav\/
cspfjcif;rsufaphjzifh tMunfhcH&aom uav;i,f\ urm vGwfvyfrI &wem tcsrf;omqHk; jzpfrnfudk
jiif;zG,frvdk/
vGwfvyfurm vGwfvyfpdwful;wdkU vdyfjymjrL;onfodkU tvSxl;aytHh/
wifrdk;
26? 7? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

15

13/ &Gufa<uyrm
uHMurmvuf yHkpHcGufr&Sd/ b0udk b,fenf;b,fyHk[k yHkpHcs r&/
b0uGef,ufwGif tusdK;quftaMumif;qufrsm;onf jzm,Suf ayGvdrfvsuf &Sd\/ tusdK;ESifh taMumif;
ruif;/ jzpfjcif;onf usdkK;aMumif;ruif;aom uGif;qufrsm;? *,ufrsm;aMumifhom jzpf\/
odkUaomf uGif;qufuav;rsm;udk jrifEdkifcJ\/ rjrifrodEdkifaom pGrf;tm;&SifwpfckckaMumifh [k xif\/
xdkUaMumifh vlom;onf pGrf;tm;&Sifudk aMumuf\/ udk;uG,f\/ toem;cH\/ ol zefwD;rS udk,fjzpf&/
usm;oem;rS EGm;csrf;om&/
yef;pMum a&mifpHkuGufwGif aq;puf trsdK;rsdK;xif? toGif trsdK;rsdK; ay:aygufrnfom/
rdrd uHMurmonfom zefqif;&Sif/
tvdk ... igum; &Gufa<uawmu &Gufa<upuav; wpfp/ em;rvnfaomfvnf; b0rSm aevsuf/
avESif&m vGifhyg ysH0Jvdrfh/
OD;wnf&mrJh vGifhyg;jcif; r[kwf/ yef;wdkif owfrSwfxm;aomfvnf; uHMurm appm;&m twnf
jzpf&aom b0yHkvTm[l em;vnfjcif; rQomwnf;/
&GufEkxGuf? &Gufopfa0? a<upjrJ/
wifrdk;
26? 7? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

16

14/ bk&m;pifu tarT;wdkif

Ak'&kyfyGm;awmfudef;0yf&m bk&m;pif\a&SU rdef;rysdKuav;onf y0gpuav;csvsuf ykqpf 'l;wkyf
vuftkyfcsDum qkawmif;aeav\/ tarT;wdkifu&eHU cef;vHk; ysHUESHUvsuf/
bk&m;&Sdcdk;? trQtwef;a0NyD;aomf aMu;pnfoHvGifvGifudk wD;cwf t&yf&SpfrsufESmodkU
arwmydkUoav\/ rsufvTmcsvsuf oDvapmifhxdef;um udk,fa`Eudk jidrf;apaom rdef;rysdKuav;\
trlt&monf usufoa&&SdpGm rm,muif;uif; tqif;0if;yvsuf&Sd\/
trIonf eHeufcif; aeUpOfyaomtrI jzpf\/ xdkUaemufrS vkyfzG,fudprsm;udk aqmif&Guf\/ b0\
tqpftrsufwdkUudk usufoa&&SdpGm ausmfvTm;av\/
t&kPfusif;vQif bk&m;pif? xdkUaemuf tvkyfcGif? xdkUaemuf wpfae0if? ncsrf;tcg tdyf&mr0ifrD
bk&m;pif? aMu;pnfoHvGifvGifESifh tdyf&m0if/
odkUESSifh olUtm&HkwGif rdcifzcif? cspfcifolrsm;? ulnDapmifha&Smufolrsm;xHodkU yyorQ ukovudk
trQay;a0um arwmyGm; aeav\/
ay;a0iSolrSm &olomwnf;[k ol trSwfrxm;rd&Smacs/
wifrdk;
27? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

17

15/ ]0} vHk;olaX;

cJwHuav;ESifh ]0}vHk;uav; a&;vdkuf&m pma&;q&m jzpfoGm;av\/ uav;i,fonf cJwHudk
wudkifudkif? abmvfyif wudkifudkifESifh pm&Gufay:wGif wukef;ukef; a&;aeav\/
]0} vHk;uav; wpfvHk;&zdkU renf;ud;pm;&\/ wpfvHk; atmifjrifaomtcg twdkif;rodaysmf\/
olUpdwful;uav;awGudk ]0} vHk;xJxnfh wreufcif;vHk; a&;\/
pma&;&wmavmuf aysmfp&maumif;aom upm;enf;udk rawGUzl;ao;ay/ ol Mum;zl;em;0
yHkjyifuav;rsm;udk a&;\/ ewforD;taMumif;awG trsm;BuD;yg\/ wu,fa&;awmh ]0} vHk; uav;om
ay:vm\/
]0} vHk;onf zwfvdkUrqHk;Edkifaom Zmwfvrf; jzpfav\/ ol&Jaumif;wdkU\ jrif;cGmoHudk ]0}vHk;xJrSm
xnfhvdkuf\/ zwfr0Edkifaom pGefUpm;cef;yHkjyif jzpfoGm;av\/
wpfcgwav 0vHk;uav;rsm; oHk;av;vHk;cefU qufa&;rd\/ aumif;vdkufwJhoDcsif; uav;awG/
xyfumxyfum qdkMunfhrd\/ ]0} vHk;um; oHk;rukefEdkifaom a&Ttdk;BuD; jzpf\/
]0}vHk;awG csrf;omaom uav;i,favmuf urmay:rSm rnfolrQ rcsrf;omEdkif/
wifrdk;
27? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

18

16/ w&m;vufudkif pGrf;tm;ydifMuvQif

&mrm,PZmwfudk MunfhNyD;aemuf &mrrif;om;\ a,mufsm;yDoaom pGrf;&nf? olwpfyg; tvdkudk
jznfhqnf;ay;vdkaom apwem? El;nHUodrfarGUaom pdwfxm;wdkUudk av;pm; cspfcif rd\/
w&m;ojzifh ,SOfydif&aom qkvmbfudkom trGeftjrwf rSwf,l\/
'o*D&dom a,mufsm;yDo a,mufsm;rme &SdcJhygvQif r,foDwmudk r&t& MuHpnf mPfeDmPfeuf
qifrnf r[kwfav/
uREkfyfwdkU yGJMunfholrsm;um; &mrrif;om;udka&m 'o*D&dudkyg av;pm;vdkMuyg\/ w&m;vufudkifESifh
pGrf;tm;ydifonfudkom &Ipm; vdkMuyg\/
'o*D&dtay:wGif trkef;yGm;ESvHk;emzG,f rjrifvdk/ aMuuGJzG,f Zmwfvrf;udk rMunfhvdk/
rdrdtvdkjynfhrIudkom Munfhwwfaom usOf;ajrmif;onfhpdwfxm;udk oem;*&kPm roufvdk/
rnfyif/

tdk ... cufygbd/ Zmwfvrf;udk udk,fudufovdk appm;r&/ olUZmwfvrf;u olUZmwfvrf;twdkif; u

awmfygao;\/ vuf&Hk;tm;udk; "m;rdk;ocif atmifyGJrqif ojzifh/

wifrdk;
27? 7? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

19

17/ arsmcsif&m arsmwJhoabFm

rif;uawmh rdk;OD;avOD;rSm vdIif;vl;aewJhoabFmyJ/ tvSnfhtwdkif yJhrEdkifvdkU &GufwdkifawGpkwf
oabFmrwfawmhr,f/
'DtwGif;rSm rif;u ol&m,pfrl; aoaomufMuL; aeao;w,f/ owdvJrJh mPfvJrJh urf;&JU
twdrfteufudkvJ rod/ rifhb0rSm txdef;r&Sd/ todrf;r&Sd/
rif; odwmu qdyfurf;a&muf&if taysmfMuL;zdkUyJ/
yJhpifrygwJh oabFm arsmcsif&m arsmrSmaygh/ uyfcsif&muyf &yfcsif&m &yfrSmaygh/
rif;[m tarSmifxJrSm oGm;csifw,f/ vdIif;awGMum;rSm upm;csifw,f/
taysmfcHkrif mPfrjrifoltzdkU tE&m,fig;ref;rsm;u apmifhpm;vdkU aevdrfhr,f/
t&G,fudkaxmuf vl;vm;ajrmufaeoludk udk,fwdkif todw&m;u qHk;rrS ae&musr,f/
udk,fhtrSm; udk,fod? udk,fhw&m; udk,fodrS todemr,f/
rif;pD;wJh oabFm arsmcsifwdkif; arsmaewmudk igwdkUu pdwfarm&Hk yifyef;&Hkom/
wufrudkif&ifawmh epfEdkifw,f armifa&U .../
wifrdk;
27? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

20

18/ rsufvHk;uav; ESpfvHk;

rsufvHk;uav;ESpfvHk;onf tvGefao;i,fvSygonf/
txifrao;vdkufygESifh/
urmavmuBuD;wGifolrjrifEdkifonfht&m[l r&Sdavmufatmif tvGefpGrf;ygonf/
ao;i,fwdkif; txifao;r&yg/
OD;aESmufao;ao;uav;onf a&wHcGefrSa&rsm; zdwfvQHusaeouJhodkU todmPfrsm;? pdwful;mPfrsm;
zdwfvQHusqif;aeygonf/ aomufoHk;cyf,l rukefEdkifyg/
rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;yif &Sdaomfvnf; bmudkrQ rjrifEdkifolrsm;&SdaMumif; 0efcHvdkygonf/ rsufvHk;usOf;
oavmuf tjrifusOf;olrsm;vnf; r&Sdr[kwf/ &Sdonfomwnf;/
vdkcsifavmbonfvnf;aumif;? rmefcdk;a'goonfvnf;aumif; a>ra[muftrIwfcH&ouJhodkU
tjrifuef;apygonf/ wdrfovm zHk;apygonf/
pdwfxm;MunfvQif tjrifMunfwwfonf/ tjrifMunfvQif tjrifus,fonf/
ao;i,faomrsufvHk;onf wpfavmuvHk;ajcqHk;acgif;qHk;Munfh b0tvS&ocHpm;Edkifygonf/
Munfhyg/ &J&JMunfhyg/
wifrdk;
28? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

21

19/ wuodkvf\okcrdef
opfykyfyiftdkBuD;onf wuodkvf\okcrdefBuD;aywnf;/ yifxD;yif anmifjrpfwpfaxmifESifh/
jrm;ajrmifcufvuf &Gufvnf; pdyfpdyf &dyfvnf;rdifrdif/
olUudkcdkrSDMuaom okawoDwdkUvnf; teE/ EkysdKolwdkUvnf; 0ifa&mufem;aetyef;ajzMu?
pdwful;,OfMu/ pmqdki,fi,fwdkUvnf; tvGrf;<u,f<u,fjzifh uAsmzGJUMu/ pnfyifvS\/
uHhaumfyifwdkUuvnf; OD;nGwfMu\/ pdefyef;yifwdkUuvnf; a&yla&csrf; urf;vSrf;Mu\/
opfyifrsdK;pHkwdkUonf ol\ynm*kPf? orm"d*kPfwdkUudk tm&Hkyvsuf udkif;nGwfylaZmfMuukef\/
opfykyfyiftdkBuD;um txD;usefjcif;r[kwf/ xm0& EkysdKyef;yefvsufyif/ &ifhusufrI? av;eufrI?
cGifhvTwfrIwdkUjzifh a`EBuD;jrJyif/
yef;aygif;pHkyGifhaom aEGOD;tcgwGif bGJUESif;obifu 0wf&Hk&SifwdkUudk Munfhum tem*wftwGuf
yDwdjzpfvsuf&Sd\/
tawmiftvufpHkaomf a&TbHk jyefMuaya&mhrnf/ opfykyfyiftdkBuD;um; armifr,fopfvGifwdkUudkud&if;
EkysdKxm0& qifoaeOD;rnfom wum;/
wifrdk;
28? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

22

20/ uav;i,f\ vGwfvyfa&;aeU

]taumif;qHk;[lorQ uav;rsm;twGuf } [kqdk&dk;pum;&Sd\/ uav;onf rsdK;qufopf/
uav;udk ypkysdK;axmifjcif;onf rsdK;qufopfudk ypkysdK;axmifjcif; rnf\/
vlBuD;onf avmbBuD;\/ uav;i,fudk taumif;qHk;rkefUyJoGm;&nfpmrsm;udkauR;&ef MuHpnf\/
rpm;vQif aigufirf;\/ rmefrJ\/ jcdrf;ajcmuf\/ uav;onf opf&Gufuav;rsm;udkcl; rkefUa&mif;wrf;
vkyfcsif\/
vlBuD;onf vdrma&;jcm; &Sdapvdk pmBuD;ayBuD;wdkUudk zwfap\/ uav;i,fonf *E0if
pmtkyfBuD;wdkUudk acgif;tHk;um tdyfaysmfae&Sm\/ olum; t&kyfygaompmwdkUudk Munfh atmfzwfaecsif\/
,kwd,kwm&Sdr&Sd odvnf; rodcsif/ odcsifa,mifvnf; raqmifcsif/ t&kyfuav;wdkUudk vufnId;ESifhaxmuf
olUpdwfESifhawGU&m yHkyrmwdkUudk ajymvsuf aysmfaecsif\/
uav;i,fudk twef;ausmif;ydkUaomtcg vlBuD;u twef;pOf yxr &apcsif\/ tawmfqHk;
jzpfapcsif\/ uav;i,fum; twef;azmfawGESifh taysmfqHk;upm;csif\/ qkwHqdyfwdkUudkrrufarmcsif/
uav;i,f\ jzLpifaomESvHk;udk vlBuD;rsm; em;vnfaomaeUonf uav;i,f\ vGwfvyfa&;aeU
jzpfayrnf/
wifrdk;
28? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

23

21/ a&TayvTm pGefvTwfyGJ

a&TayvTm wpfcsyfonf tdrf0if;wHcg;0 wpfpHkwa,mufu ypfcscJhav[ef wzswfzswf vGifhvsuf&Sd\/
aq;eDrifaMumif xdk;xm;aom vlqdk;pm&if; trnfayguf tzdk;tdkwpfa,mufonf a&TayvTm
pm&Gufudk ,liif zwf&Ivsuf ta0;qDodkU ai;ae\/
olonf a&TayvTmudk ,HkMunf\/ a&TayvTmyg ,Hkwrf;pum;wdkUudk t[kwfrSwfxif\/ a&TayvTm
xufwGif wifxm;aom tu&mwdkUudk opmrifjzifh a&;wifxm;onf[k xif\/
a&TayvTmwGif jcdrf;ajcmufpum;rsm;? [def;a[mufpum;rsm;wdkUjzifh vSefUvHk;[efUvHk;rsm;a0qmvsuf&Sd\/
pmyg tcsuftvufwdkUudk r,HkMunfvQif ckepf&uftwGif; aoG;tefaovwHU [l\/ a&TayvTmudk
qifhyGm; a0iSolrSm r*FvmpHkwGJ ayguf olaX; t&majrmufoGm;\[k qdk\/ a`rSmufvHk; ajcmufvHk;wdkU
tMum;wGif oHo&mvnfcJhaom tzdk;tdkonf a&TayvTm pm&Gufuav;udk cJwHjzifhul; uGif;jyifwGif upm;
aeaom ajr;i,fwdkUtm; a0iSav\/
ajr;i,fwdkUonf tupm;rysuf/ tzdk;\ rkom0g'pm&Gufudk pGefvkyf avxJodkU
vTwfwifvdkufavownf;/
wifrdk;
30? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

24

22/ ausmif;wuf acgif;avmif;oH

pmoifausmif;uav;onf acgif;avmif;oH? pmtHoHwdkUjzifh qlnHvsuf&Sd\/
ausmif;uav;0d[m\ toHomomudk Mum;Mu&ukefaom oyK&dotaygif; olawmfaumif;wdkUonf
acgif;wndwfndwfESifh yDwdokcawG vQHzdwfMuukef\/
avmu\ r*FvmtoHwdkU aywum;/
naeapmif;aomf ausmif;pdrf;vHkcsnf? vG,ftdwfuav;wpfvHk;ESifh jyHK;&TifpGmjyefvmaom ausmif;om;
uav;wdkU\ tjypfuif;aomrsufESmudk jrif&aomtcg rdbESifh &yf&Gmuyg 0rf;omMunfEl; tem*gwfpdwful;ESifh
&TifjrL; Mu&ygownf;/
taronf ausmif;wufacgif;avmif;oHukd tjrJem;pGifh\/ vufxJu ykwD;udkarhum om;i,fudkayGU\/
om;i,f\ ezl;qHpudk w,kw,erf;um tm;ay;pum;qdk\/ tcsKdqHk;jyHK;vsuf ESvHk;ava0SU csrf;ajrU\/
ausmif;wufacgif;avmif;oHudk qlqlnHnHtoH[l rnfolrSwfxif&ufygrnfenf;/
tem*wfudk cspfolwdkif; ausmif;wufacgif;avmif;oHuav;udk cspf&rnfom/
wifrdk;
30? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

25

23/ uav;\ yxr bmompum;

trd0rf;rS uRwfxGufp uav;i,ftzdkU rnfolu rQeuf&dIif;aom acsmufurf;yg;BuD;xJodkU
&ufpufpGm ypfcsvdkufygvdrfh[l txdwfwvefU awG;rdaumif;awG;rd wef&monf/
wpfcgrQ rMuHKzl;onfht&yfodkUtrSwfwrJh vdrfhusoGm;ouJhodkU cHpm;&&Sm ayvdrfhrnf/
tvGefw&m xdwfvefUtHhMovS ]tl0J} [l idkvdkufrd\/
vSHzsm;awG axmifxm;&m t&yf[k xifrdaomfvnf; MuifemaEG;axG;aom vufuav;rsm;u ayGUcsD
a&rdk;csdK;ay;jcif; cH&aomtcg ola&muf&Sd&mae&monf vlUurm ygwum;[k trSwfxm; tm;wufrday\/
aysmf&Tif MunfEl; jrL;wl;aom pum;oHwdkUudkvnf; Mum;vdkuf&ovdk&Sd\/ ol a&mufvmonfudk
vdkvdkvm;vm;oH? awmifhwoH jzpfaMumif; tvdkvdk odvdkufyg\/
pdwf ae&JoGm;um ysLiSmESpfvdkMudKqdkrIudk aus;Zl;wifpum; qdktHhaomiSm EIwfcrf;ESpfvTmwdkUudk
vIyf&Sm;vdkuf&Sm ]tl0J} [l xyfr HxGufay:vm\/ pum; rjynfhpHkaomfvnf; olUpdwfuawmh vHkjcHKoGm;ayNyD/
wifrdk;
30? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

26

24/ t&dyfyrm raumif;rI oHo&m

raumif;rIonf t&dyfyrm aemufuvdkufygvm\/ t&dyfrnf;udk cGJr& cGmr&/ vlao\ acgif;onf
aygifudkudkufvsuf wef;vef; cGmr&wrf; vdkufygouJhodkUwnf;/
aumif;aomtrI aeUpOfjyK [k olawmfaumif;wdkU qHk;rygvsuf em;rSmrMum;? em;rSmr0if?
xif&mpdkif;&dkif;rd\/
raumif;rIjyKjyD;aemuf aemifwwpfzef ylyifpdwfu ESdyfpuf\/ zsufr&Edkifaom trSwftom; jzpfcJh\/
xdkraumif;rIudk zHk;uG,fvdkjcif;aMumifh rrSefpum; qdk&\/ raumif;rIudk azmfxkwfEdkifajc &SdolwdkUudk
azsmufypf&\/ ESdyfuGyf&\/ rm,my&d,m,f toG,foG,f vufeufESifh raumif;rI trnf;pufudk acszsuf&\/
raumif;rI\ tusdK;qufrsm;? uGif;qufrsm;um; rsm;ygbdawmif;/ raumif;rI oHo&m &SnfMum
ygbdawmif;/ t&dyfBuD;um; rnf;onfxuf rnf; vmcJhacsNyD/
raumif;rIwpfck jyKrd&HkrQESifh tqHk;u rxif/ ESvHk;ur&Tif/
odonfESifh &yf/ &yfonfESifh jywf/ onfZmwf onfwGif qHk;ygap ownf;/
wifrdk;
30? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

27

25/ oD&dajru taoa& yef;

tifMuif;yGifh[laom aEGOD;yef;onf awmpcef;\ wifhw,fjcif;udk aqmif\/ w&m;rQwjcif;[laom
"ryef;onf avmu\ wifhw,fjcif;udk aqmif\/ vGwfvyfjcif;[laom rndI;yef;onf vlom;\
wifhw,fjcif;udk aqmif\/
zkef;qdk;ajr taoa&&Sdaomyef;wdkU ryGifhukef/ aMumufyg;zG,fvdvd acsmufcsm;zG,ftwd/ yef;&dkif;yif?
yef;&l;yifwdkUonfom ajcmufaoGU tufuGJ tqDrGJaomajr vTrf;rdk;ukef\/ tqdyfoifhyef;wdkU yGifhukef\/
vlom;wdkUrSm olowfukef; okomefajrodkU a&mufaeonfodkU acgif;iHkU vnfpif; vnfrsdKudkteif;cH
ae&ukef\/ txufu trdefUudkapmifhpm; "m;aoG;aeMuukefaom vufr&GHUyg;uGuf om;wdkUrSm oem;jcif;?
w&m;jcif; tvQif;r&Sd/ trdefUtmPmomvQif udk;uG,f&m[l odukef\/
y&dwf&nf yufzsef; ref;rIwf&rnfavm/ zkef;qdk;ajrudk x,fxdk; ajrvSef ajrcHaumif;atmif ajrqD
ajraqG; avmif;&rnfavm/ aygif;jruf okwfoGif ckwfxGif &rnfavm/
toa&&Sdaom ajr toa&&Sdom yef;wdkU yGifhvef; a0qmpdrfhaomiSm ... pdrfhaomiSm .../
wifrdk;
31? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

28

26/ a&TxD;aqmiff;pOfu
ol a&TxD;aqmif;pOfu olUteD;wGif cGufBuD;cGufi,fwdkU xdk;cHvsuf bkef;*kPfzGifh csD;yifhzGJU&wkwdkUudk
&GwfzwfaeolwdkUESifh pnfum;vsuf&Sdonfudk owdjyKrd\/
ol bkef;uHedrfhyg; ypnf;OpmqGefU&Sm;aomtcgwGif olUteD; acG;wpfaumifaMumifwpfjrD;rQ
r&Sdawmhacs/ ysLiSmoH? rl&moHESifh [efa&;wjyjy rmefaoG;w<u<uESifh toHuav;vS atmif vkyfolwdkU
b,fqDa&mufonfrod/ MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf aysmufukefMuawmhonf/ aus;Zl;pum;qdk&efyif
owdr&Muavukef/
avmu"rwm odkUomwum;[k w&m;oHa0,lzG,f &Sdacsonf/ tjypfw&Sm&Sm &ifwemem vkyfzdkU
r[kwfacs/ vlUavmuxJwGif onfykyfxJu onfyJcsnf; jzpf&wwfacsonf/ rqef;awmhygwum;/
okdUaomf rdrda&TxD;aqmif;pOfu rdrdtm; a&Tem;awmfoGif; rdrd\ajceif;udk a&Tcsolrsm;tm;
om,mpdwfESifh tcGifhta&;ay;cJhrdaom? trSefpum;udk em;cg;cJhrdaom rdrd\tjypfudkrl pdppfa0zefjcif;
r&Sda,mifwum;/
wifrdk;
31? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

29

27/ v,fuGif;uawmh pdrf;jrJyif

arwmu&kPm tajcHpdwf"mwfESifh olUvkyf&yf? olUtrSm;awGudk w&m;ouf0if olUbmom
jrifap&rnfvm;/
odrfarGUpG/ eufeJpG/ axmifvTm;aeaomrmeu arm[zHk;jyD; pHkvHk;uef;aecJhvQif El;nHhaom ydk;MudK;rQif\
txdtawGUudk owdarhaumif;arhaythH/
rdk;wdrfwdkUonf aumif;uif,HrSm [dkwpfponfwpfp/ wpfcgw&H t&nfaysmfus/ xkxnfMuD;rm;
[ef&Sdaomfvnf; tajccdkifonfr[kwf/ jzKwfceJ [kwfceJ jyKwfusEdkifonfh tajctae&Sdonf/
tdk ... rdk;apGiSuf/ oifuawmh aw;qdkrysufyguvm;/ oifvkyf&rnfh tvkyfudk oifodolygwum;/
a0a00g;0g; tjcm;rawG;/ oifhaw;udk oifqdkumEkysdKaeqJ/
rnfonfhtrIrQ tmedoifrrJh/ arQmfvifhonfjzpfap? rarQmfvifhonfjzpfap? tusdK;qufuawmh &SdpjrJyif/
igholi,fcsif;v,fuGif;uawmhpdrf;pdrf;jrjruaeqJyif/ olUtvkyfolvkyf? olUo&kyfudkazmfjrJyif/
wifrdk;
31? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

30

28/ oeyfcg;yef;&eHU
oeyfcg;yef;&eHUuav; woif;oif;u tdrfjywif;0odkU vma&mufEIwfquf\/
usufoa& &Sdyav/ rdrd\arT;&eHUudkom a0iSay;urf;wwfaom yef;uav;\aus;Zl;udk rarh/
pdwfESvHk;csrf;ajrUrIudkvdkvm;&Smaom olUapwemudk igtodtrSwfjyKyg\/
pdrf;jraom t&Gufudkqif oeyfcg;yifuav; EIwfqdwfaepOfu olUudk jrifrdaomfvnf;jrifumrwyif/
0g0if;aom tyGifhao;ao;uav;wdkUESifhtwl csdKoif;aomarT;&eHUudk ay;vmaomtcg olUudk
owdrjyKbJraeEdkif/ *&krpdkufbJraeEdkif/
ig\ZeD;cifonf oeyfcg;yef;yifuav;udk wpfckaom rdk;&moD pdkufysdK;cJh\/ aqmif;&moDwGif
ESif;0wf&nfuav;rsm;udk avmif; nSmwHpGifhpGifh jrifhwufcJh\/ aEG&moD wGif Muifemwwfaom ZeD;cifonf
a&pifoGef;avmif;um toufqufay;cJh\/
,ckyGifhjyD/ yGifhaomyef;wdkUa0jyD/ {nfhcef;ESifhbk&m;cef;wGif tarT;yef;jzefUMuJjyD/
olawmfaumif;wdkUvufcsif;quf arT;&eHUyufzsef; pdwful;yef;uav;awG yGifhukefjyD/
wifrdk;
31? 7? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

31

29/ ouf&Sdtcspf*E0if uHhaumfyif

wuodkvfausmif;oluav;wpfOD;\ r[m0dZmusrf;wGif uHhaumfyGifhuav; wpfcsyf jym;nyf aeonfudk
awGU&\/
okawoejyKaeaom usrf;udk;usrf;um;rsm;udk &SmazGzwf&I&mu pdwful;,Ofyef;uav; wpfyGifh
cl;qGwfrdjcif; jzpfayrnf/ usrf;*efwdkU arGUavsmfaomfvnf; ESvHk;om;\tazmfrGefudkvnf; wrf;w
rdwef&monf/
wuodkvfpmMunfhwdkufwpf0dkufwGif okcrdefBuD; pdkufysdK;cJhaom uHhaumfyifwdkU tkyfqdkif;a0qm &Gmwpf&Gm
jzpfwnfvsuf&Sd\/
uHhaumfyifuav;wpfyifonf ouf&Sd*E0ifayavm/ olESifh&pfEG,f vGrf;zG,fZmwfvrf;wdkU rSwfwrf;
rwifEdkif&moavm/ oufrJh a&S;a[mif;pmtkyfaumif;wdkUum; Espfaygif;rsm;pGmu ordkif;vuf&mrsm; jzpfcJhonf/
uHhaumfyifysdK &dyfndKndKuav;um; acwfopfESvHk;om;*E0if jzpfcsdrfhrnf/
cHpm;wwfolom zwfEdkifpGrf;&Sdaom tcspfZmwfvrf;uav;rsm;uvnf; wuodkvfe,fajrwGif
zl;yGihfa0vsuf&Sd\/ r[m0dZmusrf;atmifyef;udkqGwfcl;&if; uHhaumfwef;u tcspfyef;uav;udkvnf;
qGwfcl;yefqifEdkifygonf/
wifrdk;
1? 8? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

32

30/ Mu,fpHkncsrf;u tdyfrufcef;

nu tdyfrufrufonf/
tdyfrufonf wu,fr[kwf/ odkUaomf wuJhjzpf&yf\xif[yfcsufjzpfonf/ tvdkqE\oauFwvnf;
jzpfonf/ twdwf\tvGrf;ESifh tem*gwf\rSef;qcsuf jzpfonf/
tdyfrufonf ypKyefjzpf&yf r[kwfacs/ ypKyefudk,fxifjyjcif;vnf; r[kwf/
rnfodkUyifjzpfap? tdyfrufudk cspfonf/ tdyfrufudk pGJrufonf/ tdyfrufudk wrf;wonf/ pdwfudk
cGeftm;ay;Edkifonfh tpGrf;owdvnf; &Sdonf/
nwdkif; tdyfrufrrufacs/ olonf vGwfvyfpGm? taESmiftzGJUuif;pGm vmonf/ pdk;&drfpdwf? ylyefpdwf?
aMumifhMupdwfonf tdyfrufa,mifaqmif vmwwfonf/ Zmwfvrf;cif; vmwwfonf/ rdrdtvdk&Sd&mudkvnf;
pdwftqmajyatmif tdyfrufu vmay;onfvnf; &Sdonf/
tdyfrufonfwu,fr[kwfacs/
Mu,fpHk0if;y nwpfn\ vSyaom pdwful;uGufuav;udk zrf;xm;csifonf/ zrf;r&/
]a&Tvdyfjymi,fav ... ysHumoGm;? [dkrSmonfrSmem;} onfhES,f/ tkdb,fh tdyfruf vSEdkif&ufygayh/
wifrdk;
2? 8? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

33

31/ aMu;rHkrSefESifh vl
udk,fawGUMuHK pHk yg\/ rsufjrif em; Mum;yg\/ okdUaomf Pfr,SOf orZOf r&Sd/
pdwf aysmhaysmif; aumif;yg\/ pum;qdk csdK yg\/ odkUaomf vlUpnf;urf; y&rf;ywmyif/
ynm&yf wwf yg\/ vuf&mrGef cRef yg\/ odkUaomf rmeql;awmif rdk;acgifxd/
pmayusrf; uRrf; yg\/ w&m; usifh jrifhyg\/ odkUaomf tw uJ vGJjyef\/
Pf&nf oGuf xufyg\/ 0ef;usif aumif; aygif;yg\/ odkUaomf ysif;ydk;x vHkUv 0D&d,r&Sd/
v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;onf ]rsufjrifrsm PfwGJvdkU? teJeJ&Iyg} [k rSmMum;cJhonf/
pum;wdkaomfvnf; tydktvdkr&Sd/ wmoGm;vSaom pum;rGef aywnf;/
vlonf jynfhpHkcJonf/ wpfck&Sdjyef aemufwpfcku csdKUwJhjyefESifh trSef a&mufEdkifcJonf/
tvGJvGJ jzpfwwfonf/
owdwpfck vufudkifjyKzdkU vdkonf/ csdKifhaevQifzdkU? csdKUaevQif jznfh&rnf/
aMu;rHk MunfhrSef tzefzef &IzdkUvdkonf/ oifhtdwfuyfwGif rjywfaqmif&rnfu rSefaMu;rHk/
wifrdk;
2? 8? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

34

32/ jydKifyGJ&JU&v'f
'DaeU pmar;yGJ atmifpm&if; xGufwJhaeU/
ckefayguf aysmfjrL;wJh olawG? acgif;idkufpdkufcs vrf;ray: avQmufolawG/
atmifoljyHK;? &HI;olrdIif qdkwm "rwmygyJ/ rdrdudk,fudk ,HkMunfrI tjynfht0&SdwJh vluawmh atmifayrJh
at;aq;wnfjidrfwJh trlt&m? wdrfjrLuif;wJh vyrm csrf;ajrUwJh trlt&meJU &ifqdkifwwfygw,f/
vlUb0rSm tjrJ ,SOfjydKifae&rSmygyJ/ b0rsufESmjyifrSm ae&muav; &EdkifzdkUtwGuf tvkt,uf
wG,fwuf ae&rSmyJ/ vHkUvtm;? Pftm;xkwfjyD; usm;ukwfusm;cJ MudK;pm;&rSmyJ/ b0[m jydKifyGJ/
wpfckawmhjzifh &Sd&JU/ ,SOfjydKifavwdkif; w&m;ojzifh jzpf&r,f/ tacsmifvdkcsifpdwf r&Sd&/ cdk;rcs&/
ar;cGef;aygufMum;rI r&Sdap&/ wef;wl tcGifhta&;eJU ,SOfjydKifcGifh &Sd&r,f/
,SOfjydkifrIeJU avQmuf&wJh vrf;rSm w&m;rQwrI[m toufyJ/ wef;wlnDrQ tcGifhta&;[m toufyJ/
rormrI? rw&m;rIeJU tav;csdefcdk;jyD; atmifjrifwJh atmifyGJ[m &HI;yGJyg/
atmifjrifvsuf &HI;&wm[m b0rSm twGif;aMu'Pf&meJU emaejcif;ygbJ/
wifrdk;
2? 8? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

35

33/ wefcl;avESifh avsmawmhonf

vlqdkwm rdrdbufrSmawmh wpfuGufcsefpjrJ....wJh/
udk,ftem udk,fom odayrJh vlodrcHrSm aocsmw,f/ qifaoudk qdwfa&eJU zHk;r&bl; qdkayrJY
zHk;rSmuawmh taotcsm/ vHkrvHkom rodEdkifwm/
wlwla&-vHkatmifykef;? uwHk;rBuD; vmvdrfhr,f ... wJh/ i,fi,fb0 wlwlykef;wrf;upm;pOfu/
rvHkrvJ r,Hkr&JeJUae&wJhb0rSm csrf;omokc cHpm;Edkifyghrvm;/
&dk;om;&J&ifh yifvHk;yGifhwJh ydawmufyef;crsm tyGifhtcdkif yifvHk; tcsdKif cH&&Smw,f/ oluawmh tay;rSm
arGUavsmfMunfjzLjyD; t,lr&SdwJh yef;ayudk;/ rdrdtwGuf ykef;0Sufp&m ae&m r&Smacsbl;/
udk,fusdK; rcsefolwdkUtwGuf avmu[m oef;wefw,f/ aeaysmfw,f/
oHo,eJU aMumifhMurIrsm;? awmifhwrIrsm; uif;wJh urmavmuf om,mwJhurm &SdEdkifygOD;rnfvm;/
ydawmufyef;awG yGifhawmhrnf? wefcl;avESifh avsmawmhonfvdkU qdk&rSmaygh/
wifrdk;
5? 8? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

36

34/ ykavGoHwMuLMuL
acsmif;&dk;rSm ykavGuav; wGwfxdk;oH Mum;ae&onf/ ykavGoHonf aus;vuf\ csdK;uloHuav;yif
jzpfonf/
toHcsdKonf/ jzLpifonf/ rm,mr&Sd/ aoG;aqmifrI uif;onf/ olUtoHjzifh jzm;a,mif;jcif;tvQif;r&Sd/
ykavGrIwfolrSmvnf; EGm;ausmif;om;yif jzpfp&m&Sdonf/ tdk ... EGm;ausmif;om; ygyJav/ {uef
ajym&Jygonf/
tnMwwdkU\ aw;oHyif jzpfonf/ MuD;us,f crf;em;jcif;r&Sd/ qef;jym;jcif;vnf; r&Sd/ olUpdwf apwem
jzpfay:vmorQudkom toHpOf csdKcsdKat;at;ESifh aw;zGJUjcif; jzpfonf/ jzLpifaomaw;/
&Gmxdyf anmifyifBuD;teD;u AGD'D,dk&Hku wDAGDoH? uufqufoHwdkU wnHnH pnfum; aewwfojzifh
ykavGoH csdKcsdKuav;udk rMum;&awmhzl; rSwfonf/
awmfygao;\/ Mum;&ao;om;yJ/ ykavGoHuav; raysmufao;/ ykavG\ xdyfqHk;utaygufudk
yifhula`rS;uav;uyfjyD; tqufrjywf rIwfaeao;onf/
EGm;ausmif;om;ESifh ykavGoH&Sdao;orQ igwdkUvnf;&SdaeOD;rSmy/
wifrdk;
5? 8? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

37

35/ jymvJh ZmcsUJ &GmwJhrdk;

,aeU rdk;BuD;onf/ 0gqdk0gacgif a&azmifazmif-wJh/ rdk;BuD;awmh vdIif;xef? vdIif;xefawmh
orefiSufuav; tcwfcuf? iwf&ufESifh MuHKawmhrnf/
rdk;uvnf; rpJ? tjzdKuf wpfvJ? tzGJ wpfwef? rdk;0oef tpGrf;jyavjyD/ wdrf*Vef wdrfe*g;wdkU ajy;wrf;
vdkufwrf; upm;Muonf/ ]trKefarmif awmf&Hk0dygawmh? eef;jynfodrdk;} vdkU pmqdkawG pmzGJUcJh Muom;/
,ckrsm;jzifh udk,fawGU MuHK&acsNyD/
v,form;uawmh x,foGm;cRef&if; rdk;apmifhaewmrdkU aysmfaerSmyJ/ uav;awGuvJ rdk;a&xJrSm
ckefayguf upm;&vdkU aysmfaerSmyJ/ ]rdk; ... .rdk; ... &Gmvdkufygrdk;} vdkU atmfaerSmyJ/
vrf;ysuf wmusdK;onfudk EdkifEdk;Edk; xifNyD; qnfMu? zdkUMu? wrHwkwfMu vkyf&olawGrSm idkcsif
&Smayrnf/ rdk;jzLa&mif oef;apcsifayrnf/ rdk;xJavxJwGif obm0ESifh wdkufyGJqifonfudk atmifjrifcsifayrnf/
tvGrf;oefol? pdwful;,OfolwdkUu jymvJhZmcsJU &GmcJhaom rdk;0oefudk um&ef trsdK;rsdK;qif
pdwful;,Ofwrf; upm;ayrnf/ rdk;udk wdkifwnf? rdk;udk jypfwif? rdk;udk awmif;yef? toem;cHayOD;rnf/
olwdkUuvnf; olwdkUyif/
wifrdk;
6? 8? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

38

36/ q&mh at;&dyf

wpfaeUu ighq&mxH tzl;ajrmfa&mufonf/ ]ylaZmfxdkufoludk ylaZmfjcif;onf r*Fvm} [k r*Fvokwf
w&m;awmfu qdkygonf/
igwdkUonf q&mokcrdefBuD;udk vuftkyfcsD uefawmhonf/ ajcqkyfvufe,fjyK *g&0w&m;
a&SUxm;onf/ q&mhrdefU>rufoHudk jrwfEdk;pGm emcHMuonf/
q&monf touft&G,fBuD;vSNyD/ 90 oufwrf;0ifNyD/ i,fpOfuaomf jynfwGif;jynfy
wuodkvfBuD;rsm;wGif ygarmu vkyfcJhonf/ usrf;BuD;usrf;i,f jyKpkcJhonf/ pmBuD;pmi,fa&;cJhonf/
pmESifhaysmfarGU pm&aohwpfql[k qdkavmufonf/ ,ckxufwdkif/
igwdkUudk olU0ef;usif pmtkyfyHkBuD;rScGm tuefawmhcHonf/ tar&duef pmya'omr*Zif;rS
]ynmowif; jzefUa0&ef? azsmfajzrI ay;&ef? Mum;jrifokw <u,f0ap&ef? pdwfESvHk; Edk;Mum;ap&ef} pmrsm;jyKpkyHkudk
ajymjyonf/ vrf;nTefonf/ wdkufwGef;onf/ Mo0g' vufaqmifay;onf/
q&mht&dyfcsrf;ajrUpG/
]q&m tcGmapm? igwaumaumMu&rnf} [kv,fwDq&mawmf\toHMum;a,mifa,mif/
wifrdk;
6? 8? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

39

37/ yk*H\ xm0& tvS

tmeEmbk&m;yGJawmfwGif ,Gef;xnfuav;rsm;udk aps;cif;a&mif;cs woovkyfae&Smaom
rdef;rysdKuav;onf yk*HolZmwd pifppfjzpfcJh\/
yk*HrSmarG; yk*HaoG;yDyD ysdKazmf0ifcsdefwGif olU&kyf&nfuvnf; ,Gef;xnfvuf&muav;wpfckyrm
jzpfav\/ jrefrmqHqH um&efuav; wpfausmhESpfausm hcwfovdk trSwf&zG,f atmufarhzG,f &kyf&nfuav;
ygaywnf;/
EdkifiHjcm; {nfhonfwdkUonf yk*HodkU 0ifvmrpJ woJoJ/ ordkif;0if apwDykxdk;rsm;? tEkynm vuf&mrsm;?
ydokumrIrsm; ponfwdkUudk yk*HwcGif vSnf;,Ofjzifh jzpfap? jrif;vSnf;jzifh jzpfap vSnfhvnfMunfh&I
cHpm;Muav\/
yk*H qnf;qmwpfae&mwGif yk*Hol\ rsufESmuav;udk bGm;ueJ awGUMu\/ oeyfcg;bJusm;&dkufvsuf?
qGrf;tkyfudk ykdufvsuf jrdKUOD;ausmif;wdkufodkU qGrf;ydkUoGm;aom rdef;uav;udkawGU&\/
tpOf ajymif;vJaeaom urmBuD;wGif b,ftcgrQ rajymif;vJaom yk*Holuav;\ tvSonf
xm0&rnfay\/
wifrdk;
9? 8? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

40

38/ [kdbufurf;u rD;xdefxdef

[dkbufurf;u &Gmwef;&SnfBuD;rSm rD;xdefxdef a0aeonfudk awGUjrif Mu&av\/
onfbufurf;wGif rESif;wdkUwawGonf tdk;zkwfMu&\/ ysdK;EkwfMu&\/ uwkwfwrH qnfzdkU Mu&\/
ig;EdIuf zm;&dkuf Mu&\/ wJxdk; wJrdk; Mu&av\/
aeUpOfESifhtrQ tm;&onfr&Sd/ t,m;rQ razsmuftm;? ,m;onfhae&m xHk;wdkUxm;&av\/
awmawmifuvnf; BuD;\/ &GmxJu EGm;wdkUvnf; tqGJcH&ukef\/ "m;rwdkwpfck tm;udkjyK pka0; ckcH
Mu&av\/ &moDOwkuvnf; ESdyfpuf\/ rdk;acgif ysdK;ratmif/ rdk;BuD; ,mcif; ysufpD;/ xGefx,fypf
jrdKUwufum pD;yGm;ysufuyfESifh MuHKvdkMuHKESifh 'kursdK;pHk awGUMu&av\/
odkUaomf rESif;wdkU tEdkifrcH? t&HI;ray;? arQmfvifhcsuf a&;a&;ESifh aoG;raMumifwrf; MudK;pm;
vsufyg/ tjydKifETJ tEdkifMuJvsufyg/
]][dkbufurf;u rD;xdefxdef
onfbufurf;u rD;xdefxdef
qDrD;xdefxdefvif;ygwJh? rESif;wdkUtdrf/}}
wifrdk;
12? 8? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

41

39/ tysif;ajyw&m;pD&ifcef;
&kyfjrifoHMum;pufa&SUwGif uav;vlBuD; pk&Hk; apmifhpm;vsuf/ w&kwfZmwfvrf;wGJ ]jynfolUw&m;&Sif} udk
apmifharQmfaeMujcif; jzpf\/
uav;wdkU arQmfaeMuonfuol&Jaumif; ]usefausmif;}? vlBuD;awG arQmfaeMuonfu ]okcrdefaygifcsdef}/
w&m;rQwrIudk uav;a&m vlBuD;yg cspfMuonf/ vlqdk;a&m vlaumif;yg av;pm;Muonf/
bk&ifa&m jynfolyg wefzdk; xm;Muonf/
vufawGU taumiftxnfazmf? usifhoHk;jzpfMuygovm;/
ar;cGef; rxkwfvdkNyD/ tajzvnf; rodvdkNyD/
qifajcqifvufvnf; PfeDPfeufqif taMumif;aumif; rjyvdkjyD/
odkUaomf w&m;rQwrI tqmajytHhaomiSm uREkfwdkU MunfhMuukeftHh/ w&m;rQwrIudk cspfwwfonfh
vl[laom Zmwdudkjy&ef tvdkUiSm uREkfyfwdkU MunfhMuukeftHh/
odum; od\/ rusifh/ usifhum; usifh\/ rjrJ/ jrJum; jrJ\/ rpGJ/ pGJvnf; rpGJ/ &Jvnf; r&J/
twtusdK;u uJ/
tysif;ajy w&m;pD&ifMunfh&atmif/
cdkifzkef;&Hk;awmfu "m;pufzGifhprf;/
wifrdk;
12? 8? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

42

40/ pdwZ acsmufurf;yg;rS vlom;

uREkfyfwdkUonf reufvif;onfESifh rkom0g'aumfzD azsmf aomufMu&\/ aumv[v xrif;[if;udk
oHk;aqmifMu&\/ rsufrSefpdrf;wyf jrufajcmufudk 0g;Mu&\/
uREfkyfwdkUonf rnfodkUaom tm[m&"mwfwdkUjzifh cGeftm;Av jzpfaprnfenf;/
tm[m&wdkUjzifh a&SUodkU csDwufvsuf&Sd\/ vrf;rSefodkU a&mufygrnfavm/ yef;wdkifodkU
aygufygrnfavm/
uREkfyfwdkU\ tdyfrufrsm;onf xrif;vHk;wapacsmuf tdyfrufrsm; jzpf\/ rMumrMum vefU vefU
Edk;\/ wpfa&;Edk;aomf acR;pD;rsm;jyefum yufvufvefvsuf&Sd\/
tdyfrufrsm;jzifh uREkfyfwdkU rnfodkU tdyfpufaysmfrnfenf;/ vef;vef;qef;qef; uHhaumfyef;uJhodkU
rnfodkUrnfyHk &Tifvef;rnfenf;/
odkU ... xdkodkU awG;awmum vlom;onf pdwfarmvsuf&Sdukef\/ pdwZacsmufurf;yg;wGif
aMumuftm;ydkvsuf &Sdukef\/
toifvlom; ... tm;ri,fvifh/ racsmufcsm;vifh/ vlom;rSeforQ udk,fydkifcGeftm; &Sdonf/
udk,fydkifrD;tdrf &Sdonf/ udk,fydkiftwwfynm &Sdonf/ raMumifhMuvifh/ awmifhwwdkif; atmifrnfomwnf;/
wifrdk;
12? 8? 98/
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

43

41/ &Gmyef;csD
rdk;ajy; &Gmvdkuf? aeomvdkufESifh/
rdk;ESifh EGm;odk;? tpdk;r&onfh umvwpfck/
iSufaysmzuf&Gufay:u rdk;puf rdk;yGifhuav;awGu pdefpuf pdefyGifhuav;awGvdk awmufaeonf/
vufvufajy;aeonf/
aeUv,fcif; ajcqif;vJvlae&if; oef;xlxlqHyif ausmjyifjzifhcif;um oef;O&SmaeMuonfh
tdrf&SifrwdkUwawGrSm naeapmif;vQif xrif;tdk; [if;tdk; jyifMuaya&mhrnf/
aMumifuav;awGuvnf; awmifajy; ajrmufarQmf [dkatmf onfatmfESifh waMumfaMumf jrnfqJ/
avu &SJ&SJwdkuf? rdk;u zGJzGJvdkuf? tdyfidkufolwdkU rsufwmifpif;zG,f aeUv,fcif;tdyfruf/ <uufuav;wpfaumif
uvnf; a,mifwd a,mifprf; aMumifzrf;csifp&m/
onfvdkESifh ... aeUv,fcif;onf em;em;aeae tysif;ajzaeav\/
ae0if&dk;&D tcsdefusrS EGm;&dkif;oGif;oH? EGm;tkyfarmif;oH? EGm;jcHxJoGif;oHwdkUjzifh qlnHvIyf&Sm;aeayrnf/
a&cyfcsdefwGif aendKncsrf; yef;uav;wpfyGifhyefvsuf tysdKrav;crsm rl&moG,f EGJUaeayrnf/
&Gmuav;\ cspfpEdk;r&dk;Edkifaom[efuav;rSm tjrJwrf;yifwnf&Sdaeav\/
wifrdk; (11? 8? 98/)
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

44

42/ vGrf;waiGUaiGU
ol&m,pfwJh ewfppfonfawG aumif;uif,HrSm wdkufyGJoH wnHnHeJU/
ykpGefUvufr rsufESm0qdkwJh uu#pnfawmfoH Mum;&wdkif; aMumuf'l;awGwkef &ifawGckefjyD; uqkefpdkif;
ajy;cJh&wmcsnf;/
'gayrJh ocGwfyef;awG yGifhjyDa[hqdkwmeJU wm0womu yifv,fu opfyef;udkvGrf;? odMum;rif;
vufxJygoGm;wJh orD;uav; olZmudkvJ vGrf;wmeJU zcif tol&mewfrif;BuD;crsm ewfppfonf tol&mawGudk
pk&Hk;NyD; wm0womewfwdkU&Gmudk csDwuf wdkufcdkuf&jyefa&m ... wJh/
rdk;oH Mum;wdkif; 'D a&S;yHkjyifuav;udk vGrf;pjrJyg/ rdk;uawmh olUbmom &Gmcsifwdkif;&Gm? jcdrf;csifwdkif;
jcdrf;aewmyg/
vlawGuawmh obm0udkcspfatmif? cifatmif? pGJvrf;atmif? vGrf;qGwfatmif zefwD;wwfMuygw,f/
i,fi,fwkef;u yHkjyifuav;[m BuD;vmawmhvJ yHkjyifygyJ/ pGJvrf;rIrjy,fEdkifao;wJh Zmwfvrf;uav; ygyJ/
yef;uav;awG yGifh? rdk;jcdrf;oHawG 0ifhaewJh tcsdefa&mufwdkif; 'Dtouf 'Dt&G,fudk arhjyD; vGrf;waiGUaiGU
jzpfwkef;ygyJ/
vGrf;wwfolwdkif; EkysdKxm0& jzpfaerSm/
wifrdk;
11? 8? 98/
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

45

43/ ykym;awmif\ rmeavm

qla0 wuf<uaeaom rmefrmeonf t"rtoGifodkUvnf; ajymif;wwf\/ pGrf;tiftjzpfvnf;
ajymif;wwf\/ yJhudkifolom tc&mwnf;/
yJhudkifraumif;vQif axmif;varmif;aMuatmif arTwwf\/ yJhudkifaumif;vQif vrf;aMumif;rSefjyD;
pGrf;tm;oefoefESifh yef;wdkifta&muf ydkUwwf\/
rD;udk udkifwG,fwwfouJhodkUwnf;/
rD;onf avmifuRrf;onf jzpfap? pGrf;tifay;onf jzpfap olUudk,folrlum; jymtwdusapcJhjyD/
aMumufrufzG,f aumif;pG/
vlt&dkif;wdkUum; pdwf&dkif;pdwfrdkufwdkU\ aoG;aqmif&maemufodkU aumufaumufygatmifvdkufMuukef\/
vlvdrm vl,Ofaus;wdkUum; ESvHk;at;jr rmeraxmif rylavmifojzifh vlUabmif\tusdK;udk
aqmifjrJwnf;/
tdk ... axmifaxmifvTm;vTm; awmifykym;iJY ... ajrom;xufrS &kef;wuf<uwdkif; rmer[lacswum;/
qEjyif;jyif; xufoefjcif;aMumifh awmifrif; armufrdkU aea,mifwum;/
wifrdk;
11? 8? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

46

44/ yifv,f c&kcGH uav;rsm;

yifv,furf;pyfwGif c&kcGHuav;rsm; aomifwifvsuf&Sdonf/ c&kcGHuav;rsm;udk aumuf
pdwful;<u,f&m oDuHk; zefwD;Mu&m vdkcsifp&m ypnf;&wemuav;rsm; jzpfvmMu&onf/
vufxJrSmu c&kcGH/ jzpfvmwmu c&ktdrf? c&kywD;? c&kyef;qdkif;? c&kuefUvefUum? trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzHk/
vl\ pdwful; a&mifpHkjrL;wwfonf/
trdIufo&dkuf[k rxifvdkufESifh/ vlrSm Pfom&SdvQif trIdufuyif a&Tjzpfvmayrnf/vlom;\ zefwD;rI
pGrf;tm;udk wefzdk;xm;wwf &ayrnf/
opfwHk; opfp uav;rsm;onf vloHk;ypnf; twdktxGm jzpfvmwwf\/ t&kyfrsdK;pHkjzpfvmwwf\/
aq;a&mifpHk jc,fvdkufvQif cspfpzG,f toHk;taqmifuav;rsm; jzpfvmayrnf/
toHk;r0ifaom vl? qefukefajrav; vl? ewftdk;uGJ vl ponfjzifh txifao;? tjrifao;zG,f vl[l
r&SdEdkifaumif;/
vlrSeforQ wefzdk; &SdygaMumif;/
yifv,furf;u c&kcGHrsm;ESifh jcm;em;jcif; r&Sd/ wlbdawmif;/
wifrdk;
12? 8? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

47

45/ wpfcP
]wpfcP} onf tvGefta&;yg\/ tcsdefu vQyfwpfjyufrQ/ wdkawmif;vS\/ 0if;ceJjyuf? xif;ceJ
vufaom wpfcP/
oif a'gojzpfzG,fESifh MuHKtHHh/ wpfcPrQ qdkif;xm;vdkufygOD;/ pdwf rapmvdkufygESifh/
xdk EGm;EdkUwpfnSpf vufzspfwpfwGufrQ tcsdefuav;onf trSm;aygif; ua#rS wm;qD;Edkif\/
trSm;oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufapEdkif\/
xdktwGif; 0if;vufaom todPfonf a'gormefudk tjyD;wdkif jidrf;apvdrfhrnf/ a'gockd;jy,f
jyHK;&,faumif; jyHK;&,fEdkifvdrfhrnf/
wpfcPuav;awmh qdkif;jzpfatmif qdkif;ygav/ rqdkif;bJraeygavESifh/
wpfcPtwGif; &dwfjyD; qHpjrif&HkrQESifh &[Em jzpfoGm;zl;\/ ykqdk;EGrf;aMumifh oHa0*yef;yGifhum
uRwfwrf;0if oGm;zl;\/ tMuHaumif; Pfaumif; 0if;vuf tdyfrufyrm csrf;om<u,f0cJhzl;\/
pmaytEkynm vuf&mrGefwdkU ay:xGef;cJhzl;\/
tcsdeftm;jzihf wpfcP? cHpm;&rSmu wpfb0 jzpf wpfcP jzpfap? onf;cHorI Pfjzifh &Ijrifap/
wifrdk;
12? 8? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

48

46/ qnf;vnf;oHom
qnf;vnf;oHuav; wcRifcRifESifh
bk&m;apwDrS wvGifvGif jrnfoHomonf/
0drkwdaw;oH ayvm;/
oHo&m0#fxJ rvGwfbJaeae qdkolwdkUtzdkU aw;oHonf tcsnf;ESD;[k qdkrnfvm;/ onfodkUvnf;
qdkEdkifrnfrxif/
apwDxdyfzsm;wGif avupm;wdkif; qnf;vnf;oH nifnifomom/ oHa0aw;oH[kvnf; rcHpm;&/
odkUaomf"r\ t&dyftaiGU ruif;/ jidrf;csrf;jcif;udk teufzGifhoa,mif/ 0wfaMumifudk vGwfatmifykef;aom
oabmryg/ om,monf/ csdKat;onf/ MunfEl;onf/
avxJrSm 0JysHaeaom qnf;vnf;oHuav;....rnfolUxHudk aw;oH ydkUrnfenf;/
jrefrmEdkifiH &yfwdkif;&Gmwdkif;wGif qnf;vnf;oHuav;udk Mum;Edkifygonf/ &GmOD;apwDu jzpfrnf/
bk&m;y&0kPf 0if;twGif;u jzpfrnf/ aumif;aomt&yfrS vmaom aw;oHomjzpf r*Fvm qdk&ayrnf/
i,fi,fuwnfu pGJcJh&aom qnf;vnf;oH/ qnf;vnf;oHqdwf&m rnfonfh ae&m rnfodkUvQif
EsvHk;arGUavsmfEdkifygtHhenf;/
wifrdk;
13? 8? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

49

47/ rSefuav;wpfcsyf zswfceJ uGJ

raemtMunf"mwf rSefuav;wpfcsyfonf zswfceJ uGJcJh\/
rkom0g'wdkUjzifh okwfvdrf;xm;aom pum;wrmudk Mum;umrwjzifh pdwfa>rqdk;onf tcdk;waiGUaiGU
xcJh\/ trSefudk trSm;? tcg;udk tcsdK? w&m;udk rw&m;vkyfMuHcH&aomtcg cHjyif;aom pdwfonf i,fxdyfodkU
wufvmav\/
wpfa,mufESifh trsm;jzpfvsufom;ESifh cGeftm;u tEdkif,ljyD; rrSefuefrIu tvHvkaomtcg
a'goqwfqwf zswfceJ aygufuGJav\/
pdwfudkxdef; jidrf;csrf;atmif rnfodkUwnfaqmuf &ygtHhenf;/
vlUavmuonf olawmfpifwdkUaysmf&m awm&ausmif;ocFrf; r[kwfav/ w&m;rIESifh rw&m;rI?
rSefuefrIESifh rrSefuefrIwdkU ppfcif;aeMuaom ppfwvif;jyif jzpf\/ olomigEdkif tm;jydKif &acsrnf/
r&GHUraMumuf xdk;azmuf &ifqdkif &acsrnf/ ausmufcJudk EdkUnpf r&Edkifacs/
trSefw&m;onf tBuD;rm;qHk; cGeftm;qdkaomfvnf; tcsdefaumif; tcgaumif; tcGifhaumif;vdk\/
orm"daumif;aumif;jzifh atmifaMumif;MuHpnf atmifpnf&Grf;zdkU atmifvrf;zGifh&rnf omwnf;/
wifrdk;
13? 8? 98/

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

50

48/ tdyfrufyGifhuav;yefygav
tdyfrufyGifhzl; &GufopfOD;uav;udk cl;Munfh prf;yg/
b0onf rnfrQ vSyavrnfenf;/ tdyfrufyef;wdkUonf qef;Mu,f\/ yef;pMum rSefajymif;uJhodkU
a&mifpHk ,Sufoef;\/ tHhMozG,f wifhw,f\/ tvS\ <u,f0aom teuft"dym,f aywnf;/
&G,fvl;ysdKrspf tcspf&moDESpfrsm;wGif tdyfrufyGifh tdyfrufyef;wdkU vQrf;vQrf;a0a0 MuJjzefU
aeaMuav\/
tdyfwpf0uf Edk;wpf0ufESifh vufawGUESifh oabmw&m; yl;wHkcGmwHk&SdouJhodkU tdyfaysmfrvdkvdk
Edk;rvdkvdkESifh pdwful;vSvSuav;rsm; jzwfoGm;jzwfvm vkyfaeMuav\/
&ifzdkp&maumif;aomnrsm;yif jzpfcsdrfhrnf/ wvSyfvSyfESifh tm&Hkopfrsm; wzswfzswf awmufaeMu
av\/ vli,fb0onf tdyfrufqef;wdkUESifh pdkjynf\/ tem*wfudk edrdwfzwf\/ ,aeUrS aemifodkU a&SUu
aqmif\/ pdwful;r&SdbJ vufawGUjzpfpOfrsm;udk yHkazmfEdkifa&; rvG,facs/
tdyfrufyGifhzl;wdkUonf pdwful;wnfh&m z&dkz&J yGifhzl; aeMu\/ wpfyGifhudkom &J&Jcl;vdkufyg/
b0tauGUrSm tvSawGUrnfom/
wifrdk;
13? 8? 98/

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

51

49/ olUtvdkvdk olUyifudk

0g;&HkyifysdKuav;onf oifcef;pmydkUcs&ef aygufzGm;vmjcif; r[kwf/
yef;yGifhuav;rsm;onf &kuaA' okwynm a0iS&ef aygufzGm;vmjcif; r[kwf/
iSufuav;rsm;onf w&m;"r jyo&ef? Mo0g'uxm qdk>ruf&ef aygufzGm;vmjcif; r[kwf/
olUobm0 olUtvStwdkif; olUtvdkvdkaygufzGm;vmjcif;jzpf\/
]olUobm0twdkif;} [k qdkolu qdkrnf/ ]bk&m;ocifzefqif;onfhtwdkif;} [k ,Hkolu ,Hkrnf/
]uHMurmzefvmonfhtwdkif;} [k xifjrifolu xifjrifrnf/
taoG;ta&mif? twef;tpm;? b0tajctae taxGaxG uGJjym;aom vlom;urmwGif 'e
taxGaxG? Pftjrif taxGaxGwdkU uGJjym;aernfrSm obm0usonf/
vlwdkUonf rdrdwdkU\ Pfynm twdrfteuf? cHpm;rI tav;tayghwdkU\ pnf;rsOf;owf&mvdkufem
xifrSwf MupjrJwnf;/
okdUaomf ...
yef;uav;u arT;jrJyif/ iSufuav;u aw;qdkjrJyif/ 0g;&HkyifysdKwdkUu &SifoefjrJyif/
wifrdk;
14? 8? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

52

50/ yef;wdkifc&D;qDodkU avSmfcwfpdkU

avSuav; wpfpif;onf yef;wdkifrJh avSmfcwfvsuf &dS\/ b,fjrdKUu vm b,f&Gmqdyfurf;odkU
avSmfcwfrnfrod/
rodaomt&yfrS vm rodaomt&yfodkU oGm;&OD;rnf/ oGm;aeonf/ oGm;cJhonf/
onfvdkvdkESifh 0dk;w0g;tawG;? 0dk;w0g;tjrifESifh c&D;ESifcJhonfrSm &ufv Mumanmif;jyD/ wufranmif;
vufranmif;cif yef;wdkif jrifbdkUvdkonf/ a&mifeDay:p rIefysyswGif arm[ zdpD;ae roifhawmfjyD/
c&D;onfvlom;rSm pm;eyf&dum jynfhpHkygp/ a&Al; bdeyf wG,ftyfutp ygygavp/ reuftxrSm
'Da&twuftusESifh tqifajyygap/ toifhvG,ful yef;wdkifodkU rlEdkifatmif vlom;[lonf tjrJtoifh
jzpfae&ayrnf/
c&D;onfonf oDcsif;oH waMumfaMumfESifh avSmfcwfvsuf&Sd\/ oluawmh aysmfvsufyif/
tazmfpHkrpHk rawG;tm;/ ypnf;pHkrpHk rppftm;/ oGm;vdkonfhqE jyif;jyrIudkom y"mexm;\/
aemufudkcsef rSefcJhjyD/ a&SUudk avSmfaysmfcJhjyD/ vufiif;vkyf [kwfcJhjyD/ tvkyfrSefvQif {uef yef;wdkif
a&mufrnfwnf;/
wifrdk;
15? 8? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

53

51/ tvdkvdk nDnGwfjcif;

Mu,faygif;pHk nDvmcwJh n/
olwdkU rsufawmifuav;awG wzswfzswfcwf? trSwf&zG,f 0if;0if;yy/
olwdkU&JU ta&mifuav;awGu tjypfuif;w,f/ opfvif;w,f/
pdwf"mwfavsmhjyD; azsmhawmh ndI;rSdefaewm rawGU&/
wpfpkwpfa0; pHkpHknDnDrdkU &Tef;&DaewJh rsufvHk;uav;awG 0ifhEdkifMuovm;/
Mu,fuav;wpfyGifhwnf;qdk&if txD;usefaumif; usefr,f/ 'gayrJh trsm;eJUrdkU tm;rEGJUwmvJ
jzpfEdkifyg&JU/ Mu,faygif;&HcrSvJ nu tajymus,fNyD; wifhw,fw,f/ vuvJ usufoa&cif;jyD; 0ifh0ifhcefUcefU
xGufvmEdkifr,f/
tm;enf;olawG[m ausmcsif;uyf &ifcsif;uyf aygif;pnf;&r,fvdkU Mu,fuav;awGudk b,folu
oifay;ovJ/ &Ha&Gwm&m ryg&if vrif;b,favmufomom? njymjymeJUrwifhw,fEdkifbl;vdkU
b,foluoifay;ovJ/
olUtvdkvdkjzpfvmwmyg/ obm0&JUoifjycsufyg/ b,folurSoifcef;pmray;? udk,fta&;
udk,fodaewJh vdyfjymyg/
wifrdk;
23? 9? 98

opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

54

52/ cspfol&IH rkef;olEdkifaomtcg

rSefolawG &HI; rkef;olawG atmifjrifaeaomtcg oifhrsufESm rnfrQ&ifhusufvmonfudk Munfhcsifonf/
oifatmifyGJawG awGU? atmifyGJrSm arGU? arhavsmhrmefwufaeaom oifhrsufESmudk igawGUzl;ygonf/
avmuBuD;onf y&d,m,faxGjym; PftvGefrsm;ygonf/ vSnfhpm;rm,m rm,m0uFyg wpfaxmif?
ta,mifaqmif wpfodef;? tyvdef; teEwdkUESifh MuHK&wwfygonf/ MuHK&rnfrSmrvGefyg/
trSefw&m;udk a&G;aumufzdkU pyg;vHk;aumufoavmuf rvG,fulyg/ trSefw&m;onf &dk;pif;aomfvnf;
xdk;xGif;MunfhEdkifrS jrifygonf/
ta&mifawG axG;,Sufae ta&G;cufygonf/
pdwf&SnfrI? ZGJBuD;rI? Pftajrmftjrif&SdrI? apwemaumif;rI? oDv&SdrIpaom t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm;
jynfhpHkatmif yHkavmif; &ygonf/ rD;jyif;wdkuf&ygonf/
ysm,mcwf? pdwf"mwfaysmh? tm;avQmhwwfol\ vuf atmifyef;qufrnfhol r&Sdyg/
rSefolawG &HI; rkef;olawG atmifEdkifygonf/
wifrdk;
23? 9? 98/
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

55

53/ qif&dkif;vrf;rSm; owdw&m;

rkef,dkaeaom qif&dkif; vrf;rSeftwdkif; roGm;Edkifacs/
jrifjriforQ zsufcsdK;? wdk;wdk;orQ csKHykwfudk &efvkyfrnfom jzpfacsonf/ b,f&efpG,f? b,ftE&m,f
udkrS rrItm;? *&krxm;EdkifavjyD/
ynmrkef,dkol? tmPmrkef,dkol? Opmrkef,dkolrSeforQ rmefapmifajrmuf EIwfaigufvGef
wwfonfcsnf;wnf;/
rkef,dkonfudk owdxm; todw&m;ESifh xdef;csKyfolrSeforQ 0efcs&paumif;rSef; od\/
odonfhtwdkif;vnf; rqdkif;rwG usifhoHk;\/
trSm;udk wpf,loefrpGJ/ rdrdtrSm;udkod jyif&eftm;wcJcJ/ odkUaomolrSm rdwfaumif;aqGrGef
pifppfjzpfacsonf/
trSm;udk trSefvkyf &efikwfpdkufaeolrSmom i&Jopfikwf jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
t&m&mwGif PfESifhqifjcif owdorZOfw&m; vufudkifxm;wwfvQif trSm;uenf;?trSefuJayrnf/
trSefuJu &efpJrnfomwnf;/
wifrdk;
29? 9? 98
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

56

54/ vlUb0ESifhokckr
tdrft0if rtlyifrSm opfcGyef;uav; wGJvsm;usaeonf/
uHhaumfyif\ xdyfzsm;wGif iSufuav;awG em;aeavmufatmif tyifrBuD;ao;/
uHHhaumfyGifhOD;vnf; ryGifhao;/
aqmif;OD;qdkvQif yef;rsdK;pHk yGifhzl;vmrnf/ xdkUaMumifh ydkrdk om,mEdkifygonf/
onfvdkESifh tdrfuav;onf ydkydk jynfhpHkoGm;Edkifygonf/ tckyifvQif txdkuftavsmuf
opfyifuav;rsm; pnfpnfyifyifjzpfvmjyD r[kwfvm;/
yef;yGifhuav;awG&Sdawmh vdyfjymuav;awGvnf; tawmifyHjzifh ta&mifvSvSysH0JjyMuonf/
rnfonfht&mrQ wpfMudrfwpfcgwnf; jynfhpHkEdkifonfr[kwf/ wpfpwpfpESifhom tvStyawG
jynfhpHkvmjcif; jzpfayonf/
,Ofaus;olwdkUonf tEkynm&oudk cHpm;wwfMuonf/ ajyjypfwifhw,fjcif;udk &SmwwfMuonf/
vlUb0\ teuft"dym,fudk jynfhpHatmif jznfhwif;Muonf/ b0wefzdk;udkjrwfEdk;Muonf/
vlyDopGm aexdkifvdkolwdkUonf enf;ESifESif okckrw&m;udk &SmazGcJhMuonf/
wifrdk;
29? 9? 98/
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

57

55/ tcsdefqdkaomiSuf c&D;rysuf

tcsdefonf iSufvdkysHvsuf toHrJh c&D;qufvsuf &Sd\/
olUudk rnfol &yfwefUapEdkifoenf;/ olvmonfudkvnf; rod/ olxGufcGmoGm;onfudkvnf; rod/
vlom;awGu trSwfwrJh/
tdk ... trSwfwrJhawmh r[kwfygbl;av/ olUudk &yfwefUEdkifpGrf;r&Sdaomfvnf; olUc&D;pOfudkawmh
rSwfxm;onf/ em&D/
em&DwDxGif tcsdefudk trSwftom;jyKxm;onf/ owdw& &&Sdatmif tcsdef\awmifyHudkzrf;xm;onf/
okdUaomf vlwdkUu ayghavsmhpGmyif tcsdefudk oGm;ap\/
tcsdefonf pdefjzpf\/ tcsdefonf a&T? tcsdefonf aiG jzpf\/
olUudk toHk;cswwfvQif wefzdk;&Sd\/ olUudk wefzdk;cswwfol rsm;rsm;r&Sd/ vufwpfqkyfpm
tenf;i,fom &Sd\/
tcsdefudk aumif;pGmtoHk;cswwfolomvQif txGwftxdyfodkU a&muf\/
tcsdefum; rem;r&yf awmifyHcwfaeaomiSuf jzpf\/ xdkiSufudk trdpD; vdk&mc&D;odkUoGm;ygav/
wifrdk;
29? 9? 98/
opfGufa<uav;ay:rSm a&;wJYrSwfwrf;rsm;

58