,

/

o .& .




, ,

T
;

,

American Academy of Pediatrics - Committee on Nutrition. Vitamin
and Mineral Supplement Needs in Normal Children in the United
States. Pediatrics 1980; 66; 1015-1021.

T
;

: S (National Health And

Nutrition Examination Survey)
1999-2002
10.136 : 0-18

Piciano MF et al Arch Ped Adolesc Med 2007 161:978-85


NHANES

31.8% -
: <1 (11.9%) 14-18 (25.7%)
4-8 (48.5%)
:
- 18.3%
28.6%
25.8%
D 25.6%
21.1%
19.3%




, ,
Piciano MF et al Arch Ped Adolesc Med 2007 161:978-85


;

( )

,
, (
)


43
1950 1999
6

(6%)



(38%)

Davis et al J Am Coll Nutr 2004 23:669-82

,
,

(, ,
, )

(,
, ,
)

 ,
;

6-20%

10-20%

F: 13%
F: 27%

Gregory J et al National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Young People Aged 4 to 18 Years. Volume 1:
Findings.London, The Stationery Office 2000.



g, Se, Cu, B


Fe,
D, C, ,
,

Gregory J et al National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Young People Aged 4 to 18 Years.
Volume 1: Findings.London, The Stationery Office 2000.


> 6
D

Ca
A 40%

Ca

 Ca


.
.
21-25 (97% Ca
)
Ca
30 1200 g P
17-700 g

ational diet and nutrition survey of

young people aged 4-18 (2000)
(45% light)
12-15% 15-18

22% >780 ml/,

50% =270 ml , 33%

, 12%

,

(28%
),
(13% ),
, ,
,
A,C,E,

Fe

~ 6mg
Fe/1000 (RDA 15 mg)


>
()

(28%
),
(13% ),
, ,
,
A,C,E,

 Hb
3% 8%
4-6 b < 11.0g/dl, (WHO
6 - 6 )
Hb: 13.0 g/dl 12.8g/dl

ational diet and nutrition survey of

young people aged 4-18 (2000)
47% 59%

(33% 15-18 ), 1/3

6728

45% 20%

>50%

15% 5

13% 7-18
< RDA C

2002 276

B
C

, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
B
,
,
, ,

, ,
B
,
-
(RE=1 g =3.3 ,
IU -) , ,

- : 35mg
: 45
: 50
: 60 (100
)
3-4 mg 5
: 6-7
: 8
: 8-10
: 420 RE
: 400
: 500-700
:1000-800

1
=120mg

1 . .
=2 mg
1 . .
= 9 mg
1 =12 mg
1 = 15 mg

,

,
,
()

12

PUFAs

,

,
,
()

12

PUFAs

,

,
,
()

12

PUFAs

,

,
,
()

12

PUFAs

,

,
,
()

12

PUFAs

,

,
,
()

12

PUFAs

, C, -


( )

Physicians Health Study
Alpha Tocopherol, Beta-Carotone and Cancer
Prevention Study :
- -



PE GSSI :


( MEDLINE,
EMBASE, Cohrane)

B -
-
,

C, E, -, Se, Zn

12/6

Se

Ca GI

Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Report) 2006 139:1-117


DONALD (1988-2003)

5990
452 , 479 2-18

451

10/13 (,,,6,12, C, , ,, )
80%
RDA

, : 80% RDA
D: 80% RDA

RDA
2-3 (32-13% )
D, E, C RDA 7%

(7.5%)

Sichert-Heliert W et al J Nutr 2006; 136(5): 1329-33


DONALD (1988-2003)







Sichert-Heliert W et al J Nutr 2006; 136(5): 1329-33



;




:

, ,

.


()

(. Questran)
.













light

DEK, Ca
C

RDA
, ,
GMP






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TA (1)

TA (2)

iiiiiiii iiiiiiii


iiiiiiii iiiiiiii




,


iiiiiiii
iiiiiiii

(, ,
, ,
)
10

5% 10%
ealth Professionals Follow up
Study: 34%

,
,
iiiiiiii iiiiiiii
6 12
O - -
<30
- 6, 12,
- -
5-10
-
Physicians Health Study: >95
3.4x
Nurses Study
400 g
(, , )

L-lysine

L-lysine monohydrochloride (LMH)
4


(
Ca)

aillard
RDA 44 mg/kg (3-12 )