Index Numbers

:


.


.





.


.

)(2

:
) (1 :


.



.

.
1985
1980 % 120
%20 1985 .1980

) (2 :



.


.

) (3 :


)(3

.
.

- :
)
( .

- :
.





)
(


.


.

)(4

)(4 :

.



)
( ) (.

) (5 :

.

.

.


.

:

)(5

=
100

=
100

.
.

1929

:


=

) (6 :



)(6

1
=





.




.

-1 :


.
)(7

.




.
-2

:



)

(... )
(.


.

1980 200
300 1985 1980
)(%100

)(8

= 1985

100

%50
.


100 100

100 100
.


.

:
I

p1

p0

q1
q0

-:

: :
)(9

=
100

:
100

p
p

= I

):(1-6


1986 1982
1982.

1982
8
5
3

p0

86
p1

15
8
7
)1

(0

16

30

100

p
p

=I

30
100 = 187 .5 %
16

%87.5
.

: :




:

)(1

Laspeyress Index

=
100

100

)(2

p q
p q

=I

:
)1
(1

s Index Paasche

100

100

p q
p q

1 1

=I

0 1

):(2-6

. 1986 1982

) 1982 (.

1982

80
8
40
5
60
3

1986

100
15
50
8
120
7

)( )(
)1
(2

p0

p1

q0

p1q0

p0 q0

15

80

1200

640

40

220

200

60

420

180

1940

1020

100

p q
p q

=I

1940
100 = 190 .2 %
1020

% 90.2 1986
.1982
)( )(

p0

p1

q1

p1q1

p0 q1

8
5
3

15
8
7

100
50
120

1500
400
840

800
250
360

2740

1410

100

p q
p q

1 1

=I

0 1

2740
100 = 194 .33 %
1410

1986 %94.33
.1982
=

194.33 190.2

=% 192.25

) ( Fisher Index
)1
(3

)
(
:

100

p q
p q

1 1
0 1

p q
p q

1 0
0

=I

):(3-6
.
:
=

)1
(4

194.33 190.2

% 192.25
%92.25
.

: :
p1
) = ( M
p0

...


:

.1

M 100
n

=I

-1 :



)1
(5

.
:

(M w) 100
w

=I

) ( w
:
=w

) (

p1 q1

) (

= p 0 q0
= p1 q0

) (

= p0 q1

) (

-
-1 :
M 1 M 2 ... M n 100

= I

) ( n
.

-1 :
I = M 1w1 M 2w2 ... M nwn 100
w

) , ..., wn

( w , w

:
+ w2 +... + wn

w = w

) :(4-6 :
-1 .

)1
(6

-2 )
(.
-3 .
-4 )
(
:

p1

p0

q1

q0

15
8
7

8
5
3

100
50
120

80
40
60

p1
) = (M
p0

M w

w = p0 q0

1.9
1.6
2.3

640
200
180

1216
320
414

5.8

1020

1950

-1 :

M 100
n

5.8
100 = 193 .3%
3

=I

%93.3
.

-2 )
(:
)1
(7

(M w) 100
w
=w

=I

p0 q0

1950
100 = 191 .18%
1020

%91.18
.

-3 :
I = 3 M 1 M 2 M 3 100

= 3 1.9 1.6 2.3 100

:
1
)log( 1.9 1.6 2.3
3

= log I

1
)(log 1.9 + log 1.6 + log 2.3
3

1
) (0.2788 + 0.2041 + 0.3617
3

0.84446
= 0.2815
3

I = 191.2%

%91.2
.
-4

) (
I = M 1w1 M 2w2 M 3w3 100
w

)1
(8


=1020 1.9 640 1.6 200 ... 2.3180 100

1
)(640 log 1.9 + 200 log 1.6 +180 log 2.3
1020

= log I

1
) (640 0.2788 + 200 0.2041 +180 0.3617
1020

1
(178 .432 + 40 .82 + 65 .106 ) = 0.2788
1020

I = 190%

%90

:


.
:

-1
:
100

q
q

=I

)1
(9

-2

)(:
100

-3

q p
q p

=I

)(:
100

q p
q q

=I

0 1

-4

)(:
=

-:

=

100

100

p q
p q

1 1
0

= I

)2
(0