\ 'y, A [RemFetcen concrete I 2 CE 33] ated ad Al Introduction Reinforced concrete (Re) Is The most widely used material for CongtmeHen . En RC eenstuctin, two different materials , cenereke amd steel feingorce ment are toed togethers Coerete ig good m_combression louk Weale ° op tenses L Steel reinforcement provides The hensile strensth. Design aims Pedaesaa ep Be safe under worst possivle loading e@Be Funchal *@Be ecmemicol, Material Props (@) concrete e@gomeressive strensth The ullimake Compressive stensth, £2, 15 Usually ae imme ame ve_stensth, fe Obtained, from tests on cylinders er cubes at 28-day age. 2-day cylinder stensiy is about o/, *f The 28-day cube Strength « typical eitese+ Strain diagram haxms Venable strain Piaciicak purposi 15 2003-'004 + Act taker the value aS 1002. whale stain 003 UO ahett Concete comprenive ses {klAQ Tensile streng ath Uswally determmed by' split cey\inder test . A reasmable torelann rete between £2 amd The tensile strength, Foy for normal weight concrete, fre OVE! to VE Choantus of Elasticity Modulus of elasticity varies With Compressive strength, fe, i Cuntixe steel) Empirically given cs E.= 33 wee Fl We = Unik Weight of its a aaapara ee Wme after curing Dyctibtty | efamahm Capacity to undergo henge fore failure. plain concreie ts not ductile,(k) Stee\ Reinta cement Tees t+ ©) Plain vest TE &) deformed en ee Tet Pay Sizes: yound bars af Alameters fon 7 from Noe Ea Noe 8, Cueto Nor, \_ eqns Ze én) See Table 12-4 a for areas Now-a-days, deform bars are widely used (wetter bend ) Ava gram 29-—_—__—, F _— Tensile feed ae ext humans, Vehicles ste.) * wind load (forces due te wind on Te shachive) earthquake * Earthquake ( forcea du to o Others ( exammeles friction, temperature , Soil Pressure, Water pressure )oat Codes & speci fications late The APPOACh, =: we snail follow Act Building Code, wnitermiy . ( Acz 316-95) Teo metho © wonting stver design methed (wSP) We) ‘stenst Design Methed Wap has been Phased OUb+ New-adays Stensth method ty woed we shall fallod Stren: esign method: Philosoghy of Strength Design Method a 1 er ee To requiremena 2) Streng 1 ~ Fi ‘i om ba ask (&) Serviceasility J th, must be J satis she shengt o¢ & Shuchre |e checked eit ultimate Load ebfects , AmIch WE Sockered Service load effects , Ths is to ensure sagely « Load facters taKe Cont eG Safety facters shensth required to any factored Aoads oh ensth_—> axial capacity, memenk evpacity , shea capacity torsional capacity (ez ¥) Se nominak strength f = redmerin factor fo account for Novia! s (Po) Us factored load centhebion munch consider worsk_ to m am he eftects oe sevenak aidan’ loadmgs ave Comicined TOQETHET + See geetie 2-8 (Test) Loy load comoimahana ond foctng» ACT 2 rere epee eee ioee (tr) = dead load D+eLaw ? Ue 2D sign eto 4005 be Live load Daw s Ue org 4+] Yew wind load DeLee 2 Us 20 oe ol Avove Tee Cement are cemimnen FerW-9-07 AS . We design Wak or are two load paths « @) vertfeal —> 4o Resist gravity loads (DE, LL (©) Horiaental > to resist Lateral toate Ex. consider a lovitding (Werhcal Load * flooring System to receive loads (slooiing 4 system => Slab + beams * From floor, load transferred 40 column; Via, Slab +beams * From Column, load transfered to poting (foundation) © load transfered jo’ soll as preséure. behaven aS & rant cantilever , to transfer lateral loads , provided by several ways yesishtvi ° Rita “Erame aehon o Raced frame oF bracing system - TF ote CF ian ) (Framed, achon ') wrealize the Lure using lead Paths » Tdenhfy all loads and their applications b dlillack on Me ied) * Cary ent struchical analyens Loy eal loading, , (wit assumed “member popert’ 7 © se load combindiiens (vu) "he Stnd critical o> werst load eftedts — L (erties. foreen Grr desicn of 2ach element Moment, shear, axial fovec, tovste Neles Ey different elemen’a, different load combinakin can be crivfeal. each element (slob, beam, telvmn, * Design foo & Finalae de: 3, er foundal > ig m Hrewsle a ke radhons ,