1

(Law of Flotation)
, .

. When a body floating freely in a fluid the weight of the body equals the buoyancy which is the weight of the fluid displaced .The same is true with a vessel floating in water.

Buoyancy factors mainly depend on shape of the vessel Integration is primary method for finding buoyancy Hydrostatic curve is practicable tools for finding buoyancy of a vessel

(Three factors of a force)

magnitude : equals to displacement direction: upward acting point: geometry center of underwater volume

1( Integration is primary

method for finding buoyancy)

--->

2 Integration is primary

method for finding buoyancy)

--->

(The center of Flotation)

(the shape center of water line area are called the center of flotation)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

TPI MCT

hydrostatic curves

Supply us many useful data about a vessel such as (i) Center of buoyancy above keel KB (ii) Transverse metacentre above keel KM (iii) Cb aft of amidships (iv) Cf aft of amidships (v) Displacement (vi)TPI Tons per inch immersion (vii) MCT Moment to change trim one meter

draught 7

(m) Xf TPC Xb

6 5 D 4 CTM 3 Zb 2 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 amidships forward 50 Aw Zm

after NOTE: CTM: Centimeter trim moment 1 unit=9.8 t.m Aw: Area of waterplane 1unit=100 sq.m TPC: Ton per centimeter immersion D: Displacement, 1unit=400 t Xf: Longitudinal coordinate of Cf , 1unit=1 m Xb: Longitudinal coordinate of Cb, 1unit=1 m Zm: Vertical coordinate of metacentre 1unit=0.4m Zb: Vertical coordinate of Cb 1unit=0.4 m

Tons per inch immersed what is TPI TPC How to find TPI How to use TPI TPM

In sea water TPI=Aw/420 tons/inch Aw square feet TPM=1.025Aw tons/m Aw square meter TPC=1.025Aw tons/cm Aw square centimeter In fresh water TPI=Aw/430.77 tons/inch Aw square feet TPM=1.00Aw tons/m Aw square meter TPC=1.00Aw tons/cm Aw square centimeter

(how to us hydrostatic curves) A ship has a draught of 8.5 m, if the maximum draught is 9 m, Find how much tons of weight is admited to be added to the ship ? Given TPC=24.85 ton At draught of 8.5 m, TPC=24.90 ton At draught of 8.6 m, TPC=24.95 ton At draught of 8.7 m, TPC=25.00 ton At draught of 8.8 m, TPC=25.05 ton At draught of 8.9 m, TPC=25.10 ton At draught of 9.0 m,