4.

xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 4

167

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

   


  
 
   

  
   


sryD"s: {qsQV. C xqsWLRi[ Fs[ ARVRVV {qsQ xNRPVV, yLRixqsR*Li,

syx xqsLiLiyV sVVR\s ys gRiVLjiLi DyLiVV. Bj xmspLjig S
sVky[ @sRLjiLixms[R VTLij. BLiRV[ 176 ARVRVVyLiVV. ks }msLRiV
sVVR ARV` sVLiT dxqsVN][TLij. Bj D'x` RVVR Li RLRiVyR
@sRLjiLixms[R VTLij, xaS 4s z[, @c'@' (33) sVLjiRVV
@ccsVVsVR'zs (60) xqsWLS RLRiVyR. BLiRV[ HRV ARVRVV
FsLi][ xmsn VsR gRis DyLiVV. @s 31, 40, 48, 64 sVLjiRVV 110.
@sLiR NRPLRiVsVRVVRV @FyLRi NRPLRiVx msyR CBA
@LiVVs @ }msLRiV][


1. * J sWssoLS! dsV xmsVso xms

RVNRPVV NRPgji DLiRLiT; ARVs
sVsV IZNP[ Fy (ARsV) sVLiT
xqsXztsQLiyRV; sVLjiRVV ARVs[ ys (A
Fy) sVLiT ys Li('xy*)sV
xqsXztsQLiyRV sVLjiRVV yLjiRLj sVLiT
@s[NRP xmsoLRiVxtsvsV sVLjiRVV {qsQsV
yzmsLixms[aSRV. sVLjiRVV A @
RVLiRV RVNRPVV NRPgji DLiRLiT,
FssLji y*LS(}msLRiV][)\s[ dsVLRiV dsV
(xmsLRixqsLRi xNRPVsV) N][LRiVyL][;
sVLjiRVV dsV LiRVy*sV g_LRisLiRLiT
(LiRNRPLiT).1 saRPRVLigS, @
sVsV xqsy NRPs|msVN]s2 DyRV.

E
D
C
B
A

K
J
I
H
G
F



P
O
N
M
L

V
U
T
S
RQ

]


\
[
Z
YX

W

_

^

1. @c@L`i'sVV, LRi'zsVVs VVNRP xsRsLi: @Li[ gRiLRiN][aRPLi. ys sVLiT[V

LiR Vy*V GLRiRVyLiVV. NS: ""LiR Vy*sV g_LRisLiRLiT (LiRNRPLiT) sVLjiRVV
yLji (LiR Vso) xNRPVsV LiRLiT.'' @s Fs[ xkxqsVV DyLiVV.
2 . LRidVs (@L`icLRidV): RWRLiT, 5:117. The Watcher, Observer, Guardian,
Keeper from whom nothing is hidden. xmsLjibdPNRPVRV, NRPs|msVN]s DLi[yRV,
gRisVsLi[ yRV. Bj @ (xqsV.y.) @RVR sV }msLiR [ INRP.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 4

168

   


  
 
   

2. sVLjiRVV @yRV AzqsFyxqsVsV

yLjiNTP Ljigji Bs*LiT. sVLjiRVV (dsV) R
e
d
cb

a
`

sxqsVsosV (yLji) sVLi sxqsVso][
k
j
i
hg

f
sWLRiNRPLiT. sVLjiRVV yLji AxqsVsV dsV
AxqsV][
NRPzms
ss[RVNRPLiT
.
srqp
o
nml
saRPRVLigS, Bj g]xmss[LRiLi (FyxmsLi).





3. sVLjiRVV
@yR NRPNRPV
yRVLi [RV[sVs[ RVLi dsVNRPV
y
x
w
v
u
t
DLi[, dsVNRPV ss (BRLRi) {qsQsV
_
~
}
|
{

z
BRLjis gSds, sVVgRiVLjis gSds, sVgRiVLjis
gSds syxLi [xqsVN][LiT. @LiVV[
f
e
d
cb

a
`
yLji][ yRVLigS ssxLjiLiR[sVs[
RVLi dsVNRPV DLi[, INSsVsV sWRs[V;1
ml

k
j
i
h

g
[y dsV ry*ksLi[ sVs yLjis


r

q
p
o
n
(sxqs
{qsQsV
yLixmsRLi[NTP)
2
dxqsVN][LiT. IZNP[ \sxmsosNRPV sVVgRiNRPVLiy
(@yRVsLRis
sVLiT
RWLRiLigS
DLiRsNTP) B[ xqssVVR\sVs sWLRiLi.
1. BNRPR xqsxts QLigS xmsTLij: ""dsVLRiV yLji ({qsQ) sVR yRVLi [R V[s Vs[ RVLi
DLi[ INSsVsV sWRs[V syxsWRLiT.'' @s. sVgRiVLjiNRPLi[ FsNRPVs syxsWR
NRPLiRs sVLjiRVV @LiRNRPLi[ FsNRPVs LRisV GNRP NSLi[ DLiRVN][LSRs, js
VL`iAs Rxms, BRLRi G sVR gRiLiRLi[ NRPWy yRVR [R V. @LiRVZNP[ xmspLRi*NSLi[
ysVLij LRiV DLiRLi @sR Ls yLji AyLRi\ sV DLisV. BLiNS sVVLiRV js
VL`iAs[ B xmsTLij: ""dsVLRiV FsLiR xmsRVRLi[zqsy yLji (LRi) sVR
yRVLi [R VLi y NRPxts QLi @ xqssVRVLi[ INSsVsV xmspLjig S D}msOTPQLiRNRPLiT.''
(RWRLiT 4:129). C sR LigS VL`iAs[ {qsQNRPV Bs*TsLiR g_LRisLi, LRiORPQ,
xNRPVV BRLRi sVR gRiLiy[ }msL]sR [R V. sxqsy*s, sxqsR* yFyLSs
sLRiWxqsW, ZNP[s Li RVVR \ksV Rxms BRLRiVsV sxqsVgS DLiRgRiWRRs NRPWy
VL`iAs 1400 xqsLisR=LS sVVLiRV A[bPLiLij. sVVzqs LiV @LiVVs sxqs {qsQ][
syxsWRs NRPWy FR=zLiLij. RWRLiT, 1400 xqsLisR=LSsVVLiRV
BryLi[ sWssxNRPVV (Human Rights) sVLjiRVV {qsQ xNRPVV GsR LigS
LRiOTPQLixmsyW!
2. RWRLiT, 24:32.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 4

169

   


  
 
   

4. sVLjiRVV {qsQNRPV yLji {qsQaRPVLi

(sV) xqsxXRRVLi][ Bs*LiT. NSs
x
wv

u
t
s

yLRiV RsVLiRys[V xqsLi][xtsQLigS N]LiR


~
}
|
{
z
y
gSs dsVNRPV sT|msT[, yss
xqsLi][xtsQLigS, }qs*RgS @sVsLiRLiT





(sLiT).





5. sVLjiRVV
@
dsVNRPV








sLRi*zLiRsNTP @xmsgjiLis AxqsVsV,
@ss[NRPVVgS DsxmsVRV (@yRVNRPV)







@xmsgjiLiRNRPLiT. 1 yssVLiT yLjiNTP
@ssryQV BxqsW DLiRLiT. sVLjiR
VV










yLji][ yR=Li][ sWRLiT.
6. sVLjiRVV
syxWgRiQ\sVs






sRVxqsV= s[sLRiNRPW dsVLRiV @yRVsV
xmsLkiOTPQLiRLiT, BNRP yLji[ dsVNRPV WgRiR





NRPszmsLisxmsVRV, yLji AxqsVsV yLjiNTP
@xmsgjiLiRLiT. sVLjiRVV yLRiV |msLjigji







|msRyLRiV @soyLRis[ RLixmso][ yss
(yLji Azqss) R*LRixmsT @xmsLjisVRLigS











sNRPLiT. sVLjiRVV @RRV (xqsLiLRiORPQNRPVRV)







xqsLixmssVQQ\[, yLji r~sVVNRPV RWLRiLigS
DLiy. NSs @RRV }msRy\[, ys






sVLiT RLRixqssVRLigS y. BNRP yLji
Azqss yLjiNTP @xmsgjiLi[xmsVRV ysNTP





ryORPVsV |msVN][LiT. sVLjiRVV NRP
dxqsVN][ssNTP2 @ yV!








1. RWRLiT, 'xqs.V'Lki, xmsoc3, 'x. sLi. 591.
2. @cx{qsV: Reckoner, Taker of Accounts, Sufficer, or giver of what is
sufficient. NRPdxqsVNRPVs[, xmsLjigRiLi[yRV. Bj @ (xqsV.y.) @RVR s V }msLiR [
INRP. RWRLiT, 4:86.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 4

170

7. xmsoLRiVxtsvNRPV yLji RRLiRVV sVLjiRVV

   


  
 
   

E
D
C
B
A

RgiR Lji LiR VsoV sT FLiVVs

ys[ (Azqs[) gRiLi DLij sVLjiRVV {qsQNRPV
J
I
H
G
F
NRPWy yLji RRLiRVV sVLjiRVV RgiR Lji
LiR VsoV sTFLiVVs ys[ gRiLi
O
N
M
L
K
DLij;1 @j RNRPVQ\sy xqslLi[, [y FsNRPVQ\sy


U

T
S
RQ


P
xqslLi[. @j (@ ) sj gS sRVsVLis gRiLi.



8. sVLjiRVV
(Azqs)
xmsLixmsNRPLi
Z
Y
X
W
V
Ljilgi[xmsVRV BRLRi LiRVsoV gSds,
@yRVV gSds, }msRyLRiV gSds DLi[ ys
]
\
[
sVLiT yLjiNTP NRPWy N]LiR Bs*LiT 2
sVLjiRVV yLji][ yR=LigS sWRLiT.

c


b
a
`
_
^



9. sVLjiRVV (xmsLixmsNRPLi [}qsxmsVRV,

h
g
f
e
d

xmsLixmsNRPLi [}qsyLRiV), INRPs[ ys[V RsV
zmssV sxqs=RVVVgS sTF[[,
m
l
k
j
i
GsRLigS yLjis gRiVLjiLi RVxmsRyL][,
@[sRLigS RVxmsy. yLRiV @

q
p
o
n
RVLiRV RVNRPVV NRPgji DLiT,

s

r
RVVNRPQ\sVs sWs[ xmsNS.
1. sVVLiRV sxqsVLij. {qsQNRPV, xmsoLRiVxtsvNRPV ]LjiZNP[ gRiLi[ xqsgRiLiAzqs ]LRiVNRPVRVLiRs. ksNTP
NSLRiLi {qsQ\|ms Fss*Ljids |msLi[ R R[R V. AsV FxtsQ, LRiORPQ RR, AsV RLiT,
LRi, rRLRiVs [NPR NRPVsWLRiVs\|ms DLij. sLRiNRPV dsLRiLiy Fss*LRiW [s xmsoRV BrydsVRV
xms VR*Li\|ms DLiVLij. NS VL`iAs [zqss CxmsLixmsNRPLi[ {qsQNRPV FsLi @yRVLi
LRiVgRi[R V. sVL]NRP sxtsQR Vs[VsVLi[, RgiR Lji LiR VsoV DsxmsVRV, RWLRixmso
LiR VsoV yLRixqsR*xmso AzqsNPT xNRPVyLRiVV NSLRiV. RgiR Lji LiR VsoV @Li[ xmsRsV ZaP[NTP
Lijs LiR VsoV. 1. xqsLiysLi, 2. RRLiRVV, 3. LRi [NRP LRiV.
2. BNRPR BRLRi LiR VsoV @Li[ yLRixqsy*sNTP xNRPVyLRiVV NSs yLRiV. yLjiNTP NRPWy
N]LiR By*. AzqsxmsLRiVRV RVRVNRPVLi[, Rs sRNSLi[, Rs Azqs[ sVW][ gRiLi,
dsV y*LS @Rs AzqsNTP xNRPVyLRiVV NSs, BRLRi LiR VsoNRPV gSds, }msRNRPV gSds,
xmsoNSLSNRPV gSds Bs*sRV. sVW][ gRiLi NRPLi[, FsNRPVs dsV y*LS B[ xNRPV
AzqsxmsLRiVsNTP [R V. AzqsNPT xNRPVyLRiV\s yLjiNTP Azqs Bs*NRPWRRs dsV y}qs @j NSLRiLi
NRPWy @RsNTP xtsQLkiRV`[ [R V. sVWRs gRiLi Azqs y RNRPVs DLi[, BRLRiVNRPV
B[ @sxqsLRiLi [R V. Rs Azqss }msLRiV N]LRiNRPV BRLRiVNRPV xmsLi, xNRPVyLRiV\s Rs RgiR Lji
LiR VsosV, }msRLjiNRPLi[ sVVLiRLi Rgjisj NSRV (xmsn '`> @ckL`i).

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

10. saRPRVLigS,

gRiLi: 4

171

@yRVLigS
@yRV AxqsVsV, s[yLRiV yxqsysNTP
RsV F~sV @gji][ sLixmso
NRPVLiVyLRiV.
sVLjiRVV
yLRiV
xqsdsVxmsLi[s[ gRigRisVLi[ sLRiNSgji[
NSRyLRiV.
11. dsV xqsLiys yLRixqsy*s gRiVLjiLi
@ dsVNRPV CsRLigS A[bPxqsVyRV:
INRP xmsoLRiVxtsvs (gRiLi) BRLRiV {qsQ
gSNRPV xqssWsLigS DLiy.1 INRPs[
BRLRiV [NRP @LiRNRPLi[ FsNRPVs {qsQ
(xqsLiysLi sWRs[V) DLi[[, yLjiNTP
sTs Azqs[ sVWTLi lLiLiRV
gSV DLiLiVV. sVLjiRVV INRPs[ IZNP[
ARzms DLi[[ @LRi gSsNTP AsV
xNRPVyLRiVLSV.2 sVLjiRVV (sVXRVRV)
xqsLiysLi
NRPy\[,
@Rs
RRLiRV[ xms INRPLjiNUP sTs
Azqs[ AL][gRiLi xqsVLij. INRPs[
@RsNTP xqsLiysLi [NRPVLi[, @Rs
RRLiRVV sWRs[V yLRixqsVVgS
DLi[, @xmsVRV RNTP sVW][
gRiLi.3 sVXRVsNTP rRLRi rRLkisVVV

   


  
 
   

x
w
v
u
t


}
|
{
z
y


b

a
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gf

e
d
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m
lk

j
i
h

r
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n

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x
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s

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}
|{

z










1. sy\lLiy |msR y\lLiy xqsLiysLi @Liy yLRixqsy*sNTP xNRPVyLRiVV. gRiLRiLi[ Ds

xqsLiysLi NRPWy yLRixqsy*sNTP xNRPVyLRiVV. @saS*xqsV\s xqsLiysLi yLRixqsy*sNTP
xNRPV yLRiVV NSLRiV. AR sVgRi xqsLiysLi Ds xmsORPQLi[ R RLiRVNRPV xms INRPLjiNTP1/6 .
sVgRiy 2/3 xqsLiysLi N]LRiNRPV. LRi [NPR LRi DLi[ yLji xNRPV yLjiNTPs RLRiVyR
sVgRiyj xqsLiysLi N]LRiNRPV.
2. INRPs[ IZNP[ INRP NRPVsWLRiVRV DLi[, sVVRL i AzqsNPT yLRixqsVRV @soyRV. BRLRi yLRixqsVV,
@Li[ R, RLiT, LRi [NPR LRi DLi[, yLji xNRPV yLjiNTPs RLRiVyR sVgRiy AzqsNPT @RRV
xNRPVyLRiVRV. sVXRVsNTP IZNP[ NRPVsWlLi DLi[, AsVNRPV 1/2 Azqs, RNTP 1/6, RLiTNTP 2/6.
3. sVXRVsNTP xqsLiysLi [NRPVLiy sVLjiRVV NRPVsWLRiVs() ARsVgRi xqsLiysLi NRPWy [NRPVLiy

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 4

172

DLi[, RNTP AL][gRiLi.1 (C

xmsLixmsNRPsVLiy) sVXRVs @xmsVV dLji,
@Rs dsVysW\|ms @sVV Ljizmss
RLRiVyRs[ LRigS. dsV RRLiRVV
sVLjiRVV dsV xqsLiysLi[ xmsWsLi
Lkiy dsVNRPV FssLRiV FsNRPVs xqsszRV[,
dsVNRPV RVRV. Bj @
sRVsVLis sysLi. saRPRVLigS,
@ xqsLRi*RV, sV ss[NRPsLiRVRV.
(7/8)
12. * sVLjiRVV dsV LRiNRPV xqsLiysLi
[sxmsORPQLi[, 2 yLRiV sTFLiVVs
ys[ dsVNRPV @LRi gRiLi. NSs INRPs[ yLjiNTP
xqsLiysLi DLi[, yLRiV sTFLiVVs
ys[ yVg][ gRiLi dsVj. (BRLiy)
yLRiV yzqsFLiVVs dsVysW\|ms @sVV
Ljizms, yLji @xmsVV dLjis RLRiVyR. 3

   


  
 
   

 E D C B A

 LKJ  I H G F
 Q P O N M
 W VT S R
  ]\[ Z YX

RRLiRVV Rxms sVL]NRP yLRixqsVRV [s xmsORPQLi[ sVWTLi lLiLiRV sLiRV Azqs (2/3)
RLiTNTP xqsVLij sVLjiRVV RNTP 1/3 gRiLi. sVXR {qsQNTP LRi DLi[, [NRP sVXR xmsoLRiVxtsvsNTP
LRi DLi[ yLji xNRPV yLjiNTP Bs RLRiVyR sVgRiy Azqs[ RLiT 2/3 gSsNTP
sVLjiRVV R 1/3 gSsNTP xNRPVyLRiVV.
1. sVXRVsNTP R RLiT sVLjiRVV rRLRi rRLkiV, Ds xmsORPQLi[ RNTP 1/6 gRiLi, RLiTNTP
5/6 gRiLi Bs*RV][Lij FsLiRVNRPLi[s@Rs R RV @j NRPsyLiVV. sVXRVs RLiT
NTP DLi[ @Rs rRLRi rRLkisVVNRPV @Rs Azqs[ gRiLi[R V. rRLRi rRLkiV
G LRiNRPxmso y\lLiy xqslLi[, @Li[: 1.r~LiR c 'Hs (IZNP[ RLiTcR), 2. xqss [NPR sWLRiV
c '@, (IZNP[ RLiT, RVV s[LiR V), 3. @LiR c @'zmsn (IZNP[ R, RLiRVV s[LiR V).
xqsLiysLi sVLjiRVV RLiT [s xmsORPQLi[, IZNP[ rRLRiVRV [NPR IZNP[ rRLji sWRs[V DLi[ R
gRiLi 1/3. (BcNRP{qs"L`i).
2 . sVXRVsNTP N]RVNRPV(V) RsFLiVVs xmsORPQLi[, N]RVNRPV()cxqsLiysLi (sVsVsVV,
sVsVsVLS) yLRixqsVVgS xmsLjigRiLiRy, (B'@, BcNRP{qs"L`i sVLjiRVV xmsn '`>
@ckL`i).
3. sVVR @xmsVV dLji, RLRiVyR dsVysW\|ms @sVV xmsLRiy. A RLRiVyR sVgjis
Azqss yLRixqsV[ xmsLiy. dsVysW sVWRssLiRV NRPLi[ FsNRPVs AzqsNTP [R VgRiWRRV.
('xqs. V'Lki sVLjiRVV 'xqs. sVVzqsLi).

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 4

173

sVLjiRVV dsVNRPV xqsLiysLi [s xmsORPQLi[ dsVLRiV

sTFLiVVs ys[ yLjiNTP (dsV LRiNRPV)
yVg][ gRiLi. NSs INRPs[ dsVNRPV xqsLiysLi
DLi[, dsVLRiV sTsys[ yLjiNTP FsssV][
gRiLi.1 BRLiy dsVLRiV yzqss dsVysW\|ms
@sVV Ljigji, dsV @xmsVV dLjis RLRiVyR.
sVLjiRVV INRPs[ sVLRiLis xmsoLRiVxtsvRV [NPR
{qsQ NRP @LiVV (RLiT, N]RVNRPV [NPR
sVssVRV [NPR VLiy) INRP rRLRiVRV sVLjiRVV
INRP rRLji sWRs[V DLi[, yLji[ xms
INRPLjiNUP AL][gRiLi. NSs INRPs[ yLRiV
(rRLRi c rRLkisVVV) BR Lji NRPLi[ FsNRPVs
DLi[, yLRiLiy sVW][ gSsNTP
yLRixqsVsoyLRiV.2 BRLiy sVXRVRV yzqss
dsVysW\|ms @sVV Ljigji @xmsVV dLjis
RLRiVyR, Fss*LjiNUP sxtsQLi NRPVgRi[RVNRPVLiy
LRigS. 3 Bj @ sVLiT ss
A[aPR Li. sVLjiRVV @ xqsLRi*RV,
xqsxsbdPVRV (aSLiRxqs*soRV).

   


  
 
   

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 i h gfe d
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     z y xw v u t
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 f e d c b a `
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 z y x  w v ut
   ~ } |{


1. LRi INRP[ Dy! [NPR INRPLjiNRPLi[ FsNRPVssVLij LRiV Dy, xqsLiysLi

DLi[, yLRiLiy NRPzqs FsssVRs gSsNTP gRiry*sVVV. xqsLiysLi [NPR VLi[
yVgRis gSsNTP. C FsssV][ gSs [NPR yVgRis gSs LRiLiRLjiNUP
xqssWsLigS xmsLiy. (B'@, xmsn '`> @ckL`i).
2. BNRPR B'@ (R LRis[R GNSFyRVLi) GsVLi[, C xmsLixmsNRPLi ZNP[s Li @LiR rRLRi
rRLkisVVV @Li[, ZNP[sLi R RLRixmsn QosVLiT sVXRVsNTP LiR Vso\s @LiR rRLRi
rRLkisVVNRPVi c @Li[, IZNP[R s[lLi[*LRiV RLiRVVs yLjiNTP c sLjixqsVLij. BNRP r~LiR
rRLRi rRLki sVVV sVLjiRVV xqss rRLRi rRLki sVVNRPV sLjiL i[ A
B[ xqsWLRi[ sLji ARV` 4:176[ DLij. @Li[ @NRPR rRLRiVs gRiLi BR LRiV
rRLkisVV gSsNTP xqssWsLigS DLiy. RLiT NTP DLi[ sVXRVs rRLRi rRLkiV
@Rs AzqsNPT xNRPVyLRiVV NSLRiV. sVL][sZaP[xtsQLi GsVLi[, @LiR rRLRi rRLkisVVV sq
NSLRiV (@Li[ IZNP[ R, NSds s[lLi[*LRiV RLiRVVsyLRiV). NS yLjiNTP ARsVgRi @LiRLjiNUP
xqssWs gRiLi Bs*RV][Lij. ssLSNRPV R LRis[R sV xqsLixmsjLiRLiT.
3. INRPs[ sVXRVRV Rs LRiNRPV sV LiRNRPVLiys[ sVLRi}qs, A sV NRPWy @xmsVgS
sLi Liy. LRi, Azqs xNRPV C sV, Lis RLS*Rs[ DLiVLij.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 4

174

13. Bs @ (sjLis) xRVV.

   


  
 
   

   

Fss\lLi[ @NRPV sVLjiRVV ARVs

   
xmssNRPNRPV s[RVV\ DLiL][, yLjis
ARVs NTPLiR |qs[V xmsszLi[
xqs*LRisy[ xmss[bPLixms[ryRV. @LiRV[     
yLRiV aSaRP*RLigS DLiLRiV. sVLjiRVV B[    
g]xms ryxmnsLi (sRVLi).


14. sVLjiRVV Fss\[, @NRPV
sVLjiRVV ARVs xmssNRPNRPV @s[RVV\,
    
ARVs sRVsWsV DLizmnsVry][!
   
@Li yRV sLRiNSgji[NTP ][RV
RyRV, @LiRV[ @RRV aSaRP*RLigS
   
DLiRV. sVLjiRVV @RsNTP @ssWs
NRPLRi\sVs bPORPQ DLiVLij.


15. sVLjiRVV dsV {qsQ[ Fss\lLiy

D
C
B
A
syLSsNTP
FyT[,
yLjiNTP
slLi[NRPLigS, dsV[sVLiT sVgRiVLji ryORPQ Li
H
G
F
E
dxqsVN][LiT. yLRiV (sVgRiVLRiV) ryORPQ sV}qs,
yLRiV sVLRiLi[sLRi\ZNPy, [y yLji N]LRiNRPV
M
L
K
JI
@ G\y sWLRiLi RWzmsLi[sLRi\ZNPy,
S
R
Q
P
O
N
yLjis BLiR[ sLRiLijLiRLiT.1


X
W
V
U
T
16. sVLjiRVV dsV[ G BR LRiW ({qsQV
gSds, xmsoLRiVxtsvV gSds) ksNTP (syLSsNTP)


[
Z
Y
FyT[ yLjiR Ljids bPOTPQLiRLiT. yLRiV

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_
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]\
xmsaSyxmsxmsT RsV xmssLRi s sV xqssLjiLiRV
NRPVLi[ yLjis sT|msLiT. saRPRVLigS,

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@ [V xmsaSyFys @LigkiNRPLjiLi[yRV,
2
@FyLRi NRPLRiVxmsyR.


i


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g
1. Bj sVV'xsV` ('xqs'@xqs), xmssNRPgS FssVN][Ts sVVR L][[ Bs*Ts @
(xqsV.y.) A. A RLRiVyR xqsWLRi @sWL`i (24:2)[, @xy'A Rs A[aSs
ssLRiLigS @sRLjiLixms[aSRV. BLiNS RWRLiT, 4:25.
2. Bj syLRi s[LSsNTP xqsLiLij Lis ] A[aPR Li. RWRLiT, 24:2 sVLjiRVV 4:25.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

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175

   


  
 
   

17. saRPRVLigS

xmsaSyFys

n
m
l
k
j
@LigkiNRPLjiLiRLi @ZNP[ Lijsj.
Fss\lLi[ @sLi s FyxmsLi[zqs, ssV
s
r



q
p
o
sLis[ xmsaSyxmsxmsRyL][! @Li yLji
xmsaSyFys @ {qs*NRPLjiryR V. sVLjiRVV
zy

x
w
v
u
t
@ xqsLRi*RV, sV ss[R yxmsLRiVRV.

_

~
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|

{
18. sVLjiRVV yLji[ INRPRV, sVLRiLi
AxqsssV[V sLRiNRPW FyxmsNSLSV
c

b
a
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[xqsWsoLiT: ""BxmsVRV s[sV xmsaSyxms
h
g
f
e
d
xmsRVRVysV!'' @s @Li[ @Li yLji
xmsaSyxmsLi sVLjiRVV sVLRiLi[ sLRiNRPV
o
n
m
l
k
j

i
xqsRLRiryLRiVVgS
Ds
yLji

t
sr

q
p
(xmsaSyxmsLi) {qs*NRPLjiLiRRso. 1 @Li


y

x
w
v
u
yLji N]LRiNRPV s[VsVV yNRPLRi\sVs bPORPQsV



zqsRxmsLRi DLiysVV.

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z

19. J
saS*xqsVLS!
dsVLRiV
sLiRLigS {qsQNRPV yLRixqsVV NSsLi









dsVNRPV R LRi xqssVRLi NSRV. sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV







yLjiNTPs ys (sV) sVLiT N]LiR
dxqsVN][s sNTP
yLjis
BLij[







|msNRPLiT,
yLRiV
sxqs=Li[xLigS
syLSsNTP FyT[ Rxms.2 sVLjiRVV





dsVLRiV yLji][ g_LRisLi][ xqsxyxqsLi








[R VLiT. INRPs[ dsVNRPV yLRiV sRNRPF[!
xaS dsVNRPV INRP sxtsQR VLi sRNRP






FsRV, NSs @LiRV[s[ @ FsLi][





s[VV DLi DLiRsRV!
{qsQcxmsoLRiVxtsv \LigjiNRP xqsLiLiy[ NSNRP, {qsQc{qsQ, [NPR xmsoLRiVxtsQcxmsoLRiVxtsQ \ LigjiNRP xqsLiLiyV
NRPWy bPOTPQLixmsRgjiss[!
1. ks @LiR Li GsVLi[, sVLRixqssVRVLi AxqssQQ\sVsxmsVRV [}qs xmsaSyxmsLi sVLjiRVV
@saS*xqsVs saS*xqsLi @LigkiNRPLjiLiRRso. RWRLiT, 3:90-c91.
2. RWRLiT, 2:229.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 4

176

20. sVLjiRVV INRPs[ dsVLRiV INRP LRisV

   


  
 
   

D
C
B
A

sRyT s[L]NSsVsV |msLiT [xqsVN][ys

xqsLiNRPLiRVNRPVLi[! sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV AsVNRPV
H
G
F
E
INRP |msR R sLSbPs BDy xqslLi[, ys

NM

L
K
J
I
sVLiT G sWRLi Ljigji dxqsVN][NPR LiT. GdsV?
AsV\|ms @xmssLiR sWzms, |mnsWLRi FyFysNTP

S

R
Q
P

O
FyT, ys Ljigji dxqsVNRPVLiLS?


W
V
U
T

21. sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV xmsLRixqsLRiLi yLixmsR
xqsVLi @sV sLis RLRiVyR, yLRiV dsV
[
Z
Y
X
sVLiT gRi ygSsLi dxqsVNRPVs RLRiVyR, dsVLRiV


_

^

]
\
yss (sVsV) Fs Ljigji dxqsVN][giR LRiV?
22. dsV RLiRVV syxsWTs
d
c
b
a
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{qsQsV dsVLRiV syxsWRNRPLiT. BLiRNRPV

l
kj

i
h
g
f
e
xmspLRi*Li LjigjiLi[][ LjigjiFLiVVLij.

p

o
n
m
saRPRVLigS, Bj @xqsNRPLRi\sVsj
(zqsgRiVsWsj),
gRiVFy=NRPLRi\sVsj


r

q
sVLjiRVV RV sWLRisVV.


u

t
s
1
23. dsVNRPV C {qsQV s}tsQj LiRyLRiV:
1. G {qsQ][ syxLi sztsQR Li ('xLSsV) DLi][, yLji ssLSV C sR LigS
DyLiVV: @LiRV[ GRVgRiVLRiV LRiNRP xqsLiLik NRPVV (sxqs), GRVgRiVLRiV
FyxqsLiLik NRPVV (LRiy'C), sVLjiRVV sVgRiVLRiV syx xqsLiLik NRPVV. dslLi[ gSNRP,
INRP {qsQ sVLjiRVV AsV RLiT rRLjis [NPR AsV R rRLjis IZNP[ ryLji sNS[
DLiRVN][LSRV.
1) LRiNRP xqsLiLik NRPVV c 7: RVV, NRPVsWlLiV, rRLkisVVV, RLiT rRLkisVVV,
R rRLkisVVV, rRLRiV NRPVsWlLiV sVLjiRVV rRLkisVV NRPVsWlLiV.
2) Fy xqsLiLik NRPVV c 7: FyV ygjis RVV, Fy NRPVsWlLiV, ][ FyV ygjis
rRLkisVVV, FyRLiT rRLkisVVV, FyR rRLkisVVV, FyrRLRiV
NRPVsWlLiV, FyrRLkisVV NRPVsWlLiV.
3) syx xqsLiLik NRPVV c 4: LRiR, xqsxyxqsLi[zqss LRi sVVsVxms LRi
NRPVsWlLiV (LRiLiVV), sVVsVxms LRi NRPVsWLRiV LRiV sVLjiRVV BR LRiV rRLki
sVVsV IZNP[ryLji syxLiR Li[ dxqsVN][s Li. BLi[ gSNRP RLiT LRiV. 'xxkq s"
xmsNSLRiLi LRi syxLiR Li[ DsLiR sLRiNRPV AsV RLiT rRLkisVVV, AsV R
rRLkisVVV. rRLRiV NRPVsWlLiV sVLjiRVV rRLkisVV NRPVsWlLiV.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 4

177

   


  
 
   

I. sVVR sgRixmso ssLSV / LRiNRP xqsLiLik NRPV s}tsQyV:

(1) RVV @Li[: RV[ gSNRP, RV RVV (@sVsVV), R yRVssVV
sVLjiRVV RLiT RVV, yRRVV, sVVyR RVV sVLjiRVV yLji xmspLji*NRPVV.
(2) NRPVsWlLiV @Li[: NRPVsWlLi[ gSNRP, NRPVsWLRiVNRPVsWlLiV, NRPVsWlLiNRPVsWlLiV
sVLjiRVV yLji (NRPVsWLRiV sVLjiRVV NRPVsWlLi) NRPVsWlLiNRPVsWlLiV sVLjiRVV yLji
xqsLiysxmsoxqsLiysLi NRPWy. syLRiLi ('y) s (syxLiR Li [NPR VLiy) xmso s
ARzms ""NRPWRVLRiV'' @s BsWsV uyxmsn LiVV (LRi'x.) Rxms, BRLRi sVVgRiVLRiV BsWsVVW
(LRi.'@\zsV) @LigkiNRPLjiLiyLRiV NS AsV][ syxLi xLSLi @yLRiV. ""@RsNTP c AsV
xtsQLiR 'C NRPWRVLRiV NSRV NS AzqsNPT yLRixqsVLSV NSRV,'' @s BsWsV uyxmsn 'C
(LRi'x.) @LiLRiV, (BcNRP{qs"L`i).
(3) rRLkisVVV: @Li [ , 1. r~LiR (IZNP[ RLiTcR), 2. xqss (IZNP[ RLiT), 3. @LRi
(IZNP[ R) sVLiT gSds NSsRV.
(4) RLiT rRLkisVVV: RLiT VVNRP {qsQ xqsLiLik NRPVV @Li[, RLiTRLiT (yR),
sVLjiRVV RRLiRV (yR) VVNRP sVWRVLRiNS rRLkisVVV NRPWy @ssW.
sVWRVLRiNSV @Li[ c r~LiR (IZNP[ RLiTcR), xqss (IZNP[ RLiT), [NPR @LiR (IZNP[ R).
(5) R rRLkisVVV: R VVNRP {qsQ xqsLiLik NRPVV @Li[ AsV RR, AsV
RLiTR sVLjiRVV yLji sVWRVLRiNS rRLkisVVV @ssW.
(6) rRLRiV NRPVsWlLi[ c NRPWy sVWRV LRiNS rRLRiV NRPVsWlLiVyLRiV.
(7) rRLkisVV NRPVsWlLi[ c NRPWR sVWRV LRiNS rRLkisVV NRPVsWlLiVyLRiV.
II. lLiLiRs sgRixmso ssLSV /Fy xqsLiLik NRPV s}tsQyV:
* FyR c @Li[ lLiLiRV xqsLisR=LS sRVxqsV= [xms dsso FyV ygjis {qsQ.
* Fy rRLji c @Li[ A {qsQ, FssLji\ZNP[ ds xqs*LiRR, [NPR FyR, FyV yzmsLi][ c
FyV yzmsLij ds][FyV gSds, dsNRPV sVVLiRV gSds, [NPR RLRiVyR gSds NSsRV! [NPR G
{qsQVVNRP xqs*LiR [NPR Fy R dsNRPV FyLi][, @j IZNP[ xqssVRVLi[ NSds [NPR
s[lLi[ xqssVRW[gSds NSsRV!
* FyV ygRiLi ss NRPWy LRiNRP xqsLiLik NRPV[ G G xqsLiLik NRPVV xLSsV
@soyL][ @Li yLRiLiy xLSLi. ssLSV C sR LigS DyLiVV: Fys
RVVNRP r~LiR sVLjiRVV FyVygjis zmsLiRLRiW FyVygjis yTVVNRP
rRLRirRLkiV. AsV LRi yT RLiTLiyRV, AsV LRir RLkisVVV, AsV
, AsV LRir RLRiVV sVVR\syLRiLiRLji][ yT xqsLiLiR Li c syx
sxtsQR VLi[ c LRiNRP xqsLiLik NRPV][ sWjLjigSs[ xmsLjigRiLiRy.
* NSds FyV ygjis bPaRPVso VVNRP LRiNRP xqsLiLik NRPV\s rRLRi rRLkisVVV, FyVyzmss
R LRiNRPxqsLiLik NRPVNRPV c A bPaRPVsoNRPV FyV yzmssLiRVs c xLSLi NSLRiV.
III . sVWRs sgRixmso ssLSV (syx xqsLiLik NRPVV): LRi R, LRi @sVsV,
LRi yRVssV. INRP {qsQ][ sNS [xqsVN]s, xqsLig[ ij LiRNRPVLiy syNRPVy NRPWy

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 4

178

   


  
 
   

dsV RVV, dsVNRPVsWlLiV, dsV


x
w
v

rRLkisVVV, dsV s[VsRV, dsV R

|
{
z
y
rRLkisVVV (zmssRVV), dsV
rRLRiV NRPVsWlLiV, dsV rRLkisVV


_
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}
NRPVsWlLiV, dsVNRPV Fys RVV
(yRVV), dsV][FyV FyV ygjis

b
a

`
rRLkisVVV, dsV LRi RVV;



e
d
c
dsV xqsLiLRiORPQ[ Ds dsV LRi
NRPVsWlLiV c G LRi][\s[ dsVLRiV

h
g
f
xqsLi[gjiLiyL][ c NSs dsVLRiV yLji][
xqsLi[gjiLiRNRP
sVVLiRV
(yLjiNTP
l

k
j
i
syNRPV
yLji
NRPWRVsV

q
p
o
n
m
|msLiyT[)
RxmsV[RV;
dsV
ssVsVLiT xmsos dsV NRPVsWLRiV

u
t

s
r
LRiV sVLjiRVV GNRP NSLi[ @NS
sV
BRLjids
[LRiLi
x
w
v
(LRiVgS [xqsVN][sLi sztsQRLi);

|
{
z

y
NSs BLiRNRPV xmspLRi*Li LjigjiLi[][
LjigjiFLiVVLij. saRPRVLigS, @





~
}
ORPQsWbdPVRV, @FyLRi NRPLRiVxmsyR.










________

AsV R][ syxLi sztsQR Li. NSs INRP {qsQ][ syxLi [xqsVN]s, AsV][ xqsLig[ iR Li
[R VNRPsVVLi[ syNRPV}qs, AsV NRPVsWlLi][ sNS [xqsVN][s RLi R LRixqssVRs[V, (xmsn '`>
@ckL`i).
BLiNS ssLSNRPV RWRLiT, xmsn '`> @ckL`i, [y xtsQLik '@` s[R sV xqsLixmsjLiRLiT.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

179

24. (*) sVLjiRVV BRLRiV syx

   


  
 
   

 D C B A

LiR Li[ Ds {qsQV c (R LRi

RVVR Li[) dsV [NTP NTPs sxqs  J IHG F E
{qsQV Rxms c (dsVLRiV syxsWRsNTP
 Q P O N MLK
s}tsQj LiRyLRiV). Bj @ dsVNRPV
sj Lis @sVaSxqssLi. sVLjiRVV dsLRiV
 U  T S R
Rxms
sVgRiy
{qsQLiy
dsVNRPV
syxsWRsNTP R LRixqssVRLi [R V  Z YXW V
yLRiV. dsVLRiV yLjiNTP Rgjis {qsQaRPVLi
 ^ ]  \ [
(sV) B syLRiLigS gSNRPVLiy
syxLiR Li[
dxqsVN][s sNTP
N][LiR sRV. NSsos dsVLRiV yLixmsR  c b a`_
xqsVs @sV sLiysVNRPVs yLjiNTP,
 h g f e d
yLji {qsQ aRPVLi (sV) sj gS
LiRLiT. NSs {qsQ aRPVLi (sV)  o  n m l kji
IxmsLiRLi Ljigjis RLRiVyR xmsLRixqsLRi

qp
@LigkiNSLRiLi][ dsV sVR G\sVy LS
NRPVjLji[,
@LiRV[
][xtsQLi[R V.


saRPRVLigS @ xqsLRi*RV, sV


ss[NPR sLiRVRV.
 w v u t s r
25. sVLjiRVV
dsV[
FssLji\ZNPy
xqs*RLiRV\s sVVzqs Li {qsQsV, syxLi
 y  x
[xqsVNRPVs[ rs VR [NPR VLi[, @xmsVRV dsV
 } | { z
ry*k sLi[ Ds sVVzqs Li\sVsLi
sxqs {qsQsV syxsWRsRV.
sVLjiRVV @NRPV dsV saS*xqsLi gRiVLjiLi  ba` _ ~
VxqsV. dsVLRiLiy IZNP[ INRP sLSsNTP Lijs  h g fed c
yLRiV1 (INRPLjiN]NRPLRiV xqsLiLij Lis yLRiV),
@LiRVs yLji xqsLiLRiORPQNPR V @sVsV][ ml k ji
yLji][ syxLi [xqsVN]s, R LRi
1. RWRLiT, 3:195.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

xmsNSLRiLigS yLji {qsQaRPVLi (sV)

Bs*LiT. Bj yLjis syxLiR Li[
xqsVLRiOTPQR LigS DLiRsNTP, }qs*y NSsV
NUPRNRPV jgRiNRPVLiy DLiRsNTP sVLjiRVV
]LigRiyV xqsLiLiyV GLRiLRiRV
N][NPR VLiy DLiRsNTP (A[bPLiRTLij).
yLRiV (A sxqs {qsQV) syxLiR Li[
LRiORPQ F~Lijs RLRiVyR NRPWy
syLSsNTP FyT[, xqs*RLiRV\s
{qsQNRPV sj Li[ bPORPQ[s xqsgRiLi bPORPQ yLjiNTP
sj LiRLiT.1 Bj dsV[ Fyxmsd gRiyLjiNTP
sLjixqsVLij. INRPs[ dsVLRiV sgRixLi Fy}qs
@j dsVZNP[ sVLij. sVLjiRVV @
ORPQs WbdPVRV. @FyLRi NRPLRiVxmsyR.
26. @ dsVNRPV (RLRic@RLSsV)
xqsxtsQLi [RWds sVLjiRVV dsV NRPLi[
xmspLRi*Li Ds (xqsRVLRiVxtsv) sWLRiLi
\sxmsosNRPV,
dsVNRPV
sWLRiRLRi+NRPR*Li
[RWds sVLjiRVV dsV xmsaSyFys
@LigkiNRPLjiLiyds N][LRiVRVyRV. sVLjiRVV
@ xqsLRi*RV, sV ss[NRPsLiRVRV.
27. sVLjiRVV @ dsV xmsaSyFys
@LigkiNRPLjiLiRg][LiR VRVyRV. NSs RsV
sV[yLiRsV @sVxqsLjixqsVs yLRiV, dsVLRiV
(xqsyLRiLi sVLiT) y RWLRiLigS
\s]gSs N][LRiVRVyLRiV.
28. @ dsV LSs RgjiLiR
g][LRiVRVyRV. sVLjiRVV (FsLiRVNRPLi[)
sWssoRV {sVTgS xqsXzts QLiRyRV.
1. @Li[, 50 N]LRiy V.

   


180

  
 
   

 p o n
 t s r q
 y x wv u
 ~ } | { z
    
   
    
   
 

   

    
  



 

E
D
C
B
A

I

H
G
F

N

M
L
K
J





U
TS

R
Q
P
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X

W
V

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

   


181

  
 
   

29. J saS*xqsVLS! dsVLRiV INRPLji
]
\
[

Z
Y

r~sVV NRPLRiV @yRVLigS sNRPLiT,

xmsLRixqsLRi @LigkiNSLRiLi][ [}qs yFyLRiLi s
s[j (Li) Rxms. 1 sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV
INRPLjiNRPLRiV RLixmsoN][NRPLiT. 2 saRPRVLigS,
@ dsV VR @FyLRi NRPLRiVxmsyR.
30. sVLjiRVV FssRV [*xtsQLi][ sVLjiRVV
RVLSLRiLi][ @ [ry][, yss s[VsVV
sLRiNSgji[ xmsRs[rysVV. sVLjiRVV @j
@NRPV FsLi][ xqsVLi.
31. INRPs[ dsVNRPV s}tsQjLiRT
sVsLi sV FyFyNRPV dsVLRiV RWLRiLigS
DLi[, s[VsVV dsV ss ][uysV
sVsLi, sVsV g_LRisryy[NTP
xmss[bPLixms[rys VV.3
32. sVLjiRVV @ dsV[ N]LiRLj
iNTP
sVLjiN]LiRLji\|ms Bs xmnsVsRsV dsVLRiV
AbPLiRNRPLiT.
xmsoLRiVxtsvNRPV
ysVV
xqsLiFyjLis ysNTP RgjisVgS xmnsRLi
DLiVLij. sVLjiRVV {qsQNRPV ysVV
xqsLiFyjLis ysNTP RgjisVgS xmnsRLi
DLiVLij. sVLjiRVV @ @sVgRixLi
N]LRiNRPV FyLjixqsW DLiRLiT. saRPRVLigS,
@NRPV xmsys xmsLjisLi DLij.

b
a

`
_
^

i
hg

f
e
d
c

p


o
n
m
lk

j
r

q

w
v
u

t
s

|
{z

y
x

a

`
_
~
}

g
f
e
d
c
b


j
i


h

n


m
l
k

u
t
s
r
q
p
o


{
z
y
xw

v



~
}|

1. sztsQR ('xLSLi) sxqsVso yFyLRiLi NRPWy sztsQR s[V.

2. BLiRV[ ARxR NRPWy DLij. @j sVFyxmsLi.
3. @W x\lLiLS (LRi'j.'@.) NRPRsLi, \sxmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs) @yLRiV: ""GRV sV FyFy sVLiT
RWLRiLigS DLiRLiT. @s: 1) ALSR s[ @ (xqsV.y.)NRPV ry NRPLiRLi, 2) sVLiR
Li FyLiRLi, 3) FssLji\sy xR[R VLi (yRWsNTP Rxms), 4) sU sLi, 5)
@yRV Azqss NRPLiRLi, 6) RVVR LRiLigRiLi sVLiT ssVRWzms FyLjiFsLi sVLjiRVV
7) xmssR {qsQ\|ms @xmssLiR sWxmsLi.'' ('xqs.V'Lki, xmsoxqsNPR Lic8, 'xkq s" sLi. 840).

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

182

33. sVLjiRVV RRLiRVV sVLjiRVV

RgRiLji LiRVsoV, sRFLiVVs xmssQQNTP

(Azqs)NTP s[VsVV yLRixqsVsV sRVsVLi
DysVV. sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV FssLji][ xmssW
xmspLRi*NRP IxmsLiyV [xqsVN]s DyL][!
yLji gSs yLjiNTP Bs[RVLiT.
saRPRVLigS, @ xmsysNTP ryOTPQgS
DLiRV.1


34. xmsoLRiVxtsvV {qsQ\|ms sLS*xNRPVV
(y*sVWs), 2 FsLiRVNRPLi[ @
N]LiRLjiNTP sVLjiN]LiRLji\|ms xmnsVsRsyRV
sVLjiRVV yLRiV (xmsoLRiVxtsvV) RsV
xqsLixmsR[ sVLiT yLji({qsQ)\|ms LRiV
[ryLRiV. NSsos xqsVgRiVsLiRV\s {qsQV
s[RVsRV\ DLiT, LRiV [sxmsVRV,
@ NSFyRsVs AzmsLis yss
(bdPsVVsV) NSFyRVNRPVLiLRiV. NSds
@s[RVR RWxmsoyLRis dsVNRPV RVsVVLi[,
yLjiNTP (sVVR) sRxmsLiT, (RLRiVyR)
xmsRNRP[ s[LRiVgS DLiRLiT, (A RLRiVyR
NRPWy yLRiV s[RVVV NSNRPF[) yLjis
(sVgS) N]LiT. 3 NSs yLRiV dsVNRPV

   


  
 
   

E
D
C
B
A

K
J
I
H
G
F

ON

M
L

R
Q
P

Y
X
WV

U
T
S

[
Z

^
]
\

c


b




a


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_

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e


d

1. RWRLiT, 'xqs.V'Lki, xmsoxqsNPR Lic3, 'xkqs" sLi. 489.

2. y*sVWs: sW sVLiT. @Li[ sRV, AyLRisV[ yLRiV, R VV, @j NSLRiVV,
FxtsQNPR VV, LRiORPQNPR VV, sLS*xNRPVV, ssLRiNRPLRi V @s[ @LSVyLiVV. BryLi[ {qsQ
R R xmsRaRP[ xmsoLRiVxtsv\|ms DLij. Li sVLiT syxsV[V sLRiNRPV, RLiT|\ ms,
RLRiVyR LRiQ \|ms, LRi [NPR VLi[ rRLRiVs\|ms, [NRP NRPVsWLRiVs\|ms, sLRiNRPV RgiR Lji LiR VsoV
Fss*LRiW [NRPVLi[, BrysVRW xmsVR*LiQ\|ms DLiVLij.
3. Fs[ 'xqs'{' 'xkqs" xmsNSLRiLi, INRPs[ {qsQ @bdP sNTP FyT[s[, @j NRPWy
AsVNRPV FsNRPVs R NRPgjiLiRNRPVLiy sVgS sWRs[V N]s [j LixmsTLij. ('xqs'
zqsy, @'x`, Bc'zs, 'NTPLi '@VcB '@qs LRi'j.'@. NRPRsLi;
\', DsVcNRPVxqsW"sV LRi.'@>y NRPRsLi).

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

183

s[RVV\ DLi[! yLjis sLijLiRsNT

P


sWLRiLi sRNRPNRPLiT. saRPRVLigS, @
sVx[sRVRV, sVxdsRVVRV.1
35. sVLjiRVV yLjiR Lji (LSc LRi )
sVR xqsLiLiyV gjiFyRVs[ RVLi
dsVNRPV NRPgji[, @Rs ( LRi) LiR VsosVLiT
INRP sVR sLji s sVLjiRVV AsV (LRi)
LiR Vso sVLiT INRP sVR sLji s

j
sRVsVLiRLiT.
yLjiR LRiW
xqsLi
[xqsVN][ g][Lij [ @ yLji sVR HNRPsVRLi
[NPR WLRisRV! saRPRVLigS, @
xqsLRi*RV, xqsLRi*Li zqssyRV. (1/8)
36. * sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV @s[
ALSj LiRLiT sVLjiRVV Fss*Ljids ARVsNRPV
gRiry*sVVVgS ry NRPLiRNRPLiT.
sVLjiRVV
RRLiRV][,
RgiR Lji
LiR Vso][, @yRV][ sLRiV}msR][,
LiR Vso\s
F~LRiVgRiV
yLji][,
2
@xmsLjiRV\s F~LRiVgRiVyLji][, xmsNRPsVs
sVRV][, ryLRiV][ sVLjiRVV dsV
@k sLi[ Ds sxqs][ @LiRLji][s W
DyLRixqs*sLi][
ssxLjiLiRLiT.3
saRPRVLigS,
@
gRiLji*RV,
yLiVWV xmsVNRPVs[ y }mssVLiRRV.4

   


  
 
   

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1. NRPdLRiVs (@cNRPdLRiV): = @c'@''sVV, The Greatest, The most Magnified,

sVdsRVVRV, sVxR*Li, xmssLi, xmsyxmsLi gRiyRV, xqsLS*j NRPVRV. RWRLiT, 22:62,
31:30, 34:23, 40:12. @csVVRNRPLRiV: The Incomparably Great, g]xmsyRV,
g]xmsRysNTP xqsL][sLRiLi, 59:23. Bs @ (xqsV.y.) @RVR s V }msLiR V.
2 . \sxmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs) xmssRsLi: ""@ (xqsV.y.) sVLjiRVV @LisVjys
saRP*zqsLi[yRV, Rs F~LRiVgRiVyTNTP s[VV[R W.'' ('xqs'{ ' V'Lki, 'xqs. sVVzqsLi).
3. sxqssV sTzmsLiRLi FsLi][ DR s V\sVs NSLRiLi RWRLiT, 9:60 sVLjiRVV 2:177.
4. RWRLiT,'xqs'{ ' sVVzqs Li NTPyV CsWs, R'{sV, 'xkq s" sLi. 91.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

184

37. Fss\lLi[ ysVV [V\, BRLRiVNRPV

   


  
 
   

[Li s[LRiVyL][ yLjids sVLjiRVV @

Rs @sVgRixLi][ Bs yss y




|ms[ yLjids (@ }mssVLiRRV). 1
sVLjiRVV s[VsVV xqsRLRiryLRiV N]LRiNRPV





@ssWsNRPLRi\sVs bPORPQsV zqsRxmsLRi








DLiysVV.




38. sVLjiRVV yLjiNTP Fss\lLi[ xmsNRPV
RWxmssNTP RsV xqsLixmsRsV LRiV
|msRyL][ sVLjiRVV @sV sVLjiRVV
@LisVjys saRP*zqsLiRL][! sVLjiRVV
Fss\[ \|tsQysVsV Rs }qszRVsgS
(LkisVs) [xqsVNRPVLi][[!2 @RRV FsLiR


dsR\sVs }qszRVRV.
39. sVLjiRVV yLRiV INRPs[ @sV

sVLjiRVV @LisV jys saRP*zqsLi

@ yLjiNTP xmsryjLis s[Fyj
sVLiT BRLRiV\|ms LRiV[zqs DLi[
yLjiZNP[sV[Vj? sVLjiRVV @NRPV,

yLjis gRiVLjiLi gS VxqsV.

C
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40. saRPRVLigS, @ FssLjiNUP

lk

j
i
h
g
f

LRis*LiR (xmsLRisWVsLiR) @yRVLi
NRPWy [RVRV.3 INRP xqsyLRisVVLi[

p
o
n
m
ARVs yss lLiLiTLiRV [ryRV;
sVLjiRVV Rs RLRixmnsQosVLiT g]x
ms
vutsrq
xmsxmnss NRPWy xmsryjryRV.
1. 'xqs'{ ' V'Lki, xmsoxqsNRPLic2, 'xkqs" sLi. 522.
2. RWRLiT, 2:268 sVLjiRVV 41:25.
3. RWRLiT,'xqs'{ ' V'Lki, xmsoxqsNPR Lic6, 'xkqs" sLi.105.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

   


185

41. s[VsVV (xmsxmsn jssVVs) xms

xqssWLi sVLiT INRP ryOTPQs sVLjiRVV

(J xmssNS!) ssV dsLjiNTP ryOTPQgS
ssxmsVRV Fs DLiVLij?
42. A (xmsxmsn ) jssVVs, xmssNRP sWsV
LRixqsLjiLi, @RsNTP @s [ R VR RWzmss
yLRiLiy; ysVV WsV[ xmspRT[ FsLiR
gRiVLi[R s N][LiR VyLRiV! NSds, yLRiV @
sVVLiRV G sxtsQR Ws yR[LiR V.1
43. J saS*xqsVLS! dsVLRiV sVRV[
DLi[,2 dsVLRiV xmsZNP[j gRizLiRsLiR sLRiNRPV
sVLjiRVV dsVNRPV BLijRV xqs sLi
(sVVs) @LiVVDLi[ c rysLi
[R VsLiR sLRiNRPV c ssW' xqsdsVFysNTP
s NRPLiT; NSs sRVxqsW (sVzqs `) sVLiT
yszqss}qs Rxms.3 NSs INRPs[ dsVLRiV
L][giR {msTRV\ DLi[, [y xmsRWLi[
DLi[, [NPR sVsVWR sxqsLiR s [zqs DLi[,
[NPR {qsQ][ xqsLig[ iR Li [zqs DLi[ c dsVNRPV
ds ]LRiNRPF[ c xmsLjiaRPVR \sVs sVs
[R V][ xqsLji+Li A [R V][ dsV
sVVsV sVLjiRVV dsV [R VsV,
RVRVRVN][LiT (RRVsVsV [R VLiT).4
saRPRVLigS @ RxmsVsV sVsLi[
yRV, ORPQsVLi[ yRV.

  
 
   

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~
}

1. RWRLiT, 3:85.
2. Bj sVRFyysNTP xqsLiLij Lis lLiLiRs A. sVVR A 2:219 [ sLij. C A
ssxmsVRV, BLiNS sVRFyys xLSLi [zqss ARVRV (5:90) @sRLjiLiRR[R V.
3. @Li[ sVzqs` sVLiT yF[ FsLi FyxmsLi [R V. (BcNRP{qs"L`i). xmsRWNRPVsV
gRiVLjiLis A sVVLiRV srLij.
4 . RRVsVsV sysLi: INRPryLji dsV @LRi[R V][ xmsLjiaRPVR WsV (sV )s yNRPLiT.
y][ sVVs RVRVRVN][LiT, RLRiVyR dsV lLiLiRV[R VssVNRP gSsV sVNRP
sLRiNRPV RVRVRVN][LiT. (sVVxqs` @'x` xmsoxqsNPR Lic4, }msc263. BLiNS RWRLiT, 5:6).

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

186

   


  
 
   

44. GdsV? gRiLiRsLi[ N]LiRgRiLi

Bs*Ts yLjis gRiVLjiLi dsNRPV RVy

(RWR[y)? yLRiV sWLRiQxtsQy*s




N]sVNRPVLiVyLRiV sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV NRPWy
xqsyLRiLi
sVLiT
RzmsFys







N][LRiVRVyLRiV.




45. sVLjiRVV @ dsV aRPRVsosV  F E DCB A

gS FsLRiVgRiVsV. NSsos dsV LRiORPQNRPVRVgS
@[V yV sVLjiRVV dsVNRPV
 KJ I H G
xqsRVNRPVRVgS NRPWy @[V yV!
 
46. RVWRV[ N]LiRLRiV xmsysV
y xqsLiRLS sVLiT yLRiVsWLRiV [zqs  P O N M L
@LiLRiV: ""s[VsVV (ds sWsV) sysVV  T S R Q
sVLjiRVV DLizmsn VLiysVV (xqssV'@y s
'@'xqsVy).'' @ds; sVLjiRVV: ""ssV! ds
 X W V U
sW ssNRP[s o gSNRP! (sqssV'@ \lgiLRi
 ] \ [ Z Y
sVVqssV'Bs).'' 1 @ds; sVLjiRVV (J
sVVxsV`!) dsso sW sW ssV.
 c b a ` _^
(LS'By) @ds; 2 RsV yVNRPsV
sVzms xqsRR LSs FsgRiy [}qs  h g f e d
D a[ PR Li][ @LiLRiV. NSs @ NSNRPVLiy:
""sysVV, s [ R VV sVRWsVV.
 m l k j i
(xqssV'@y s @'R'@y).'' @ds; sVLjiRVV:
""sVsV ssV sVLjiRVV (sW jNRPV   sr q p o n
RWRV) sWNRPV ssj sso* (sqssV'@
1. RVWRVV \sxmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs)sV sssxmsVRV, FsgRiy [xqsW B @s[yLRiV: xqssV'@y
s '@xqsVy. ""s[VsVV ds sWsV sysVV.'' @s giR LRigS @s RLRiVyR sVVLi
xmsVN]s gSs, [NPR sVgS gSs N]sryLiR V FsgRiygS gSds @Rs ('xqs'@xqs) sVVLi
dsVR NRPWy ""DLizmsn VLiysVV,'' @s @s[yLRiV. @[ sR LigS: sq ssV'@ l\ giLRi sVVqssV'Bs.
@Li[ c ""ssV! ds sW ssNRPVLiy[s o gSNRP!'' [NRP ""ds sW @LigkiNRPLjiLiRRNRP Fso
gSNRP!'' @s aRPzmsLi[yLRiV. BLiNS RWRLiT, 2:93.
2. LS'By: N]LRiNRPV RWRLiT 2:104.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

187

   


  
 
   

ss''L`iy),'' @ds, @sDLi[ yLjiZNP[ s[V\

DLi[j sVLjiRVV DR s V\sVs xmsR gS
DLi[j . NSs yLji xqsRLRiryLRi \sLjis
@
yLjis
aRPzmsLiyRV
(zxtsQLjiLiyRV). NSsos yLji[ N]LiRLRiV
sWRs[V saRP*zqsLi[ yLRiV DyLRiV.
47. J gRiLiRxmsLS! dsV sR Ds
 w v u t
gRiLiys
RXsxmsLRiVxqsW,
s[VsVV
@sRLjiLixms[zqss (C VL`iAssV)
 | {  z y x
saRP*zqsLiRLiT, s[VsVV dsV sVVsV
 a ` _ ~ }
sNRPXRLi[zqs ys ssNTP xmsNRP
sVVLi[ (yaRPsLi [RVNRPsVVLi[). [NRP
s[VsVV
xqs
yLjis
aRPzmsLi  f e d c b
(zxtsQLjiLi) sVgS sVsV NRPWy
aRPzmsLiRNRP (zxtsQLjiLiRNRP) sVVLi[ (kss  lkj i   h g
saRP*zqsLiRLiT).1 FsLiRVNRPLi[! @  qp o n m
A RxmsNRPVLiy sLRi*zLiRRVRVLij.
 
48. saRPRVLigS, @ RsNRPV
gRiry*sVs (ry) NRPLiRs G  x w v u t s r
sWRsVW ORPQsVLiRRV.2 sVLjiRVV @j
 ~} | { z y
Rxms [ss (G FyFys) @LiVVy,
ARVs ysVN][Ljis yLjissORPQsVryRV.
    
sVLjiRVV @NRPV gRiry*sVVsV
NRPLis y[, yxqsysNTP sVFyxmsLi
    
[zqssyRV!
1 . RWRLiT, 2:65, 7:163c 166. BLiNS RWRLiT, 'xqs'{' V'Lki, xmsoxqsNRPLic1,
@yRVLi c 240.
2 . @(xqsV.y.)NRPV ry (gRiry*sVVsV) NRPLiRLi sV RVLSLiR Li sVLjiRVV
ORPQsVLiRLSs FyxmsLi. NSsos Bj FsLiR sWRLi ORPQsVLiRRRV. sVVztsQNRPVNRPV xqs*LiR Li
s}tsQj LiRTLij. BLiNS RWRLiT, 31:13. saRPRVLigS, x\yLSR s (ztsQLi` ) g]xms
RVLSLiR Li, ('xqs'{' V'Lki, xmsoxqsNPR Lic4, 'xkqs", 551).

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

188

49. GdsV? RsVsV ysVV xmssRV

sVs xmsVNRPVs[ yLjis (RVWRVV

sVLjiRVV \ZNPQQxqssosV) gRiVLjiLi dsNRPV
RVy (RWR[y)?1 yxqsysNTP,
@ ysV N][Ljis yLjiNTP sWRs[V
xmssRRsV xmsryjryRV.2 sVLjiRVV yLjiNTP
LRiWLRidxmso Li[s F~LRi @LiR
@yRVLi NRPWy [RVRRV.3
50. RWRLiT! yLRiV @sV
gRiVLjiLi G sR\sVs @ys
NRPxqsVyL][? sVLjiRVV xqsxtsQ\sVs
FyxmsLi, @s xmssNTP Bj yV.
51. GdsV? gRiLiRsLi[ N]LiRgRiLi
Bs*Ts yLjis gRiVLjiLi dsNRPV
RVy? yLRiV 4 sVLjiRVV
'y'gRiW`[ 5 saS*xqssVVLiRVRVyLRiV.
yLRiV xqsRLRiryLRiVsV gRiVLjiLi:
""saS*xqsV NRPLi[, dslLi[ xqs\lLis sWLiR Li[
DyLRiV.'' @s @LiLRiV.
52. BLi ylLi[, @ aSFysNTP
(zuyLSsNTP) gRiVLji@LiVVs yLRiV.
sVLjiRVV
@
aRPzmsLisyTNTP
xqsRVxms[ yTs Fss*Tds dsso
F~LiR[so.

   


  
 
   

    
      
 

 
 
       
    
 
      
  
  
     
  
  G F EDC B A
  ML K J I H

1. RWRLiT, 9:31.
2. RWRLiT, 53:32.
3. xmsn d: LiR WLRi dxmso dNRP[s F~LRi. xqsss yLRisVLiR [NPR LRis*LiR @s @LiR Li.
4. : @Li[ @xqsV @LiR Li @xqsRQ\sVsj, AyLRiLi [sj, sLRiVxmsWgRi\ sVsj. BryLi
xmsLjixtsQ[ sVLiR RLiyV, [xtsQLi, WR\ sRLi, aRPNRPVyV, sVVxLSV
sVLjiRVV EFxNRPV xqsLiLij Lis @s sxtsQR WsV ][ FsRV.
5. 'y'gRiW`: RWRLiT, 2:256 ysLi 3. 'y'gRiW` @Li[ |\ tsQ'ys @sNRPWR @LiR Li.
FsLiRVNRPLi[sNRPR \ysV ALSjLiRLi \|tsQ'yssV @sVxqsLjiLiRs[V. NSsos |\ tsQ'ys
NRPWy 'y'gRiW`[ [LiR VyRV.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

53. [y

gRiLi: 5

189

yLjiNTP LSFys[
gRiLi DLiy? INRPs[ DLiT DLi[,
yLRiV xmsNRPV LRiWLRi dxmso dNRP1
@LiR gRiLi NRPWy B[yLRiV NSRV.
54. [y!

   


  
 
   

 T S R Q P O N
 XW V U
 
]\[ZY

@
Rs
@sVgRixLi][ xmsNRPV xmsryjLis
(rgSs) RWzqs yLRiV CL<RiQ
cba`_^
xmsRVRVyLS? yxqsysNTP (BLiRNRPV
sVVLiRV) s[VsVV B{sV NRPVVLiLi
gfed
yLjiNTP, gRiLiys sVLjiRVV ss[NSs
xmsryjLiysVV. sVLjiRVV yLjiNTP g]xms  k j i h
rysWs NRPWy xmsysLi [aSsVV.
 l
55. NSs yLji[ N]LiRLRiV @Rss
(xmssNRPsV) saRP*zqsLis yLRiVyLRiV,  r q p o n m
sVLji
N]LiRLRiV
@Rs
sVLiT
 xwvuts
ssVVV\s yLRiW DyLRiV. sVLjiRVV
2
yLjiNTP RzLi[ sLRiNSgji[V yV!
 y
56. saRPRVLigS,
FssLRiV sW
xqsWRssV LRixqsLjiLiyL][! yLjis  ~ }   | { z
s[VsVV
sVVsVLiRV
sLRiNSgji[  c ba` _
xmsRs[rysVV. xmsryLji yLji RLSV
NSFLiVVsxmsoR yNTP RVVgS c  g f e d
yLRiV RsV gS LRiV RWRsNTP c
s[lLi[
RLS][
sWLRiVysVV.  m l k j ih
saRPRVLigS,
@
xqsLRi*
aRPNTPsVLiRVRV, sV ss[RyxmsLRiVRV.
  on
1. sdLS: LiR WLRi dxmso dNRP.
2. RWRLiT, 3:85.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

57. sVLjiRVV

gRiLi: 5

190

Fss\lLi[ saRP*zqsLi
xqsyLSV [ryL][, yLjis s[VsVV NTPLiR
NSVsV xmsszLi[ sy[ xmss[bPLixms
[[rysVV; yLRiLiRV[, aSaRP*RLigS
NRPNSLi DLiLRiV. @LiRV yLjiNTP xmssR
xqsxyxqsVV (@'*) DLiLRiV.
sVLjiRVV s[VsVV yLjis R\sVs dsR[
xmss[bPLixms[[rysVV.1 (1/4)
58. * xmspd(@sWy`)sV RxmsNRP
yNTP @L>RiV\syLjiNTP @xmsgjiLiRLiRds
sVLjiRVV xms sVR dLRiV
[}qsxmsVRV
yRVLigS
dLRiV
[RVLiRds,
@
sVsV
AzmsxqsVyRV. saRPRVLigS, @
FsLiR DRsV\sVs zR[R [xqsVyRV!
saRPRVLigS, @ xqsLRi*Li ss[yRV,
xqsLRi*Li RW}qsyRV.
59. J saS*xqsVLS! dsVLRiV @NRPV
s[RVV\ DLiRLiT; sVLjiRVV ARVs
xqsLi[aRPxLRiVsNTP s[RVV\ DLiRLiT
sVLjiRVV
dsV[
@jNSLRiLi
@xmsgjiLiRTs yLjiNTP NRPWy! dsV sVR
G sxtsQRVLi[\sy @FyRV[RLi
NRPgji[[
c
dsVLRiV
@sV
@LisVjys saRP*zqsLi[ ylLi[ @LiVV[
c A sxtsQRWs @NRPV sVLjiRVV
xmssNRPNRPV ss[jLiRLiT.2 B[ xqs\lLis xmsR
sVLjiRVV xmnsys NRPWy
DRsV\sVsj.

   


  
 
   

 s r q p
 x w v u t
  ~ }|{ z y
  
 
      
    
    
          
 
 
     
   
       
        
    
  

1. RWRLiT, 'xqs'{ ' V'Lki, xmsoxqsNPR Lic4, 'xkqs" sLi. 474.

2. @Li[ VL`iAs sVLjiRVV xmssNRP xqsLixmsyRW(xqsVs`)V.RWRLiT, 4:65, 7:54, 12:40, 4:80.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

191

60. (J xmssNS!) GdsV? ds sR NRPV

xmsLixmsTs yss sVLjiRVV ds NRPLi[

xmspLRi*Li xmsLixmsTs yss s[VsVV
saRP*zqsLiysVs xmsZNP[ yLjis (NRPxms
saS*xqsVsV) dsso FsLRiVgRiy (RWR[y)?
LRixqsLjiLiRLiRs A[bPLixmsTy, yLRiV
RsV
(ssLS)
xmsLjiuyLSNRPV
1
'y'gRiW` sR ZNP[ Fys N][LiR VRW
DLiLRiV. sVLjiRVV \|tsQ'ys yLjis, ][s
RzmsLi, RVLSLiR Li[ @ RWLRiLigS
dxqsVN]s Fys N][LiR VRVLiRV.
61. sVLjiRVV
yLji][: ""@
@sRLjiLixms[zqss (A[aS \sxmsosNRPV)
sVLjiRVV xmssNRP \sxmsosNRPV LRiLiT.'' @s
zmssxmsoRV, dsso A NRPxmssaS*xqsVsV
ssVVV\ (ds \sxmsosNRPV LSNRPVLiy) ]gji
Fss RWrys o!
62. @LiVV[ yLRiV RsV [R VLS
[xqsVNRPVs (RVuyLS) xmsn RLigS yLjiNTP
R NRPgjisxmsoRV, yLRiV ds RgiR LRiNRPV s
@ }msLRi xmssWV [xqsW: ""s[VsVV
s[VV [R Wds sVLjiRVV HNRPsVRLi
[NPR WLSds sWRs[V xmsRVLiysVV.''
@s @LiLRiV.2
63. @Li
yLjids
(NRPxms
saS*xqsVsW)! yLji xXRRW[ Dsk
@ FsLRiVgRiVsV, NSsos yLjisVLiT
sVVLi xmsVN][, yLjiNTP Dxms[aPR Li LiVV
sVLjiRVV yLjis gRiVLjiLi yLji xXRRWV
xmssRsV[VQ sW xmsVNRPV.
1. 'y'gRiW`NRPV RWRLiT, 2:256 ysLi 3.
2. RWRLiT, 2:10c11.

   


  
 
   

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4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

192

64. sVLjiRVV s[VsVV G xmssNRPsV

xmsLizmsy c @ @sV][ c (xmsV)

@Rss @sVxqsLjiLiys[ xmsLiFysVV.
sVLjiRVV INRPs[ yLRiV RsVNRPV ysVV
@yRVLi [xqsVNRPVsxmsVRV, ds sRNRPV
s yLRiV @ VVNRP ORPQsWORPQ
N][LjisxmsVRV c xmssNRP NRPWy yLji\ZNP
@ VVNRP ORPQsWORPQ N]LRiNRPV
s[RVN]sxmsVRV c yLRiV @sV
saRPRVLigS, ORPQsVLi[yRV gSsW

sVLjiRVV
NRPLRiVxmsyR
gSsW
F~LiRVyLRiV.
65. @NSRV, ds xmsVso ryOTPQgS!
yLRiV RsV xmsLRixqsLRi s[y sxtsQRVLi[
ssV yRVslLi[RgS {qs*NRPLjiLiRsLiR
sLRiNRPV sVLjiRVV (J xmssNS!) dsso G
sLRiRVLi [zqsy yss gRiVLjiLi yLji
sVsxqsV=[ GsWRLi xqsLiN][RLi
[NRPVLiy
ysNTPs
(RVyRRLigS)
bPLRiryszLiRsLiR
sLRiNRPV,
yLRiV
1
(s\sVs) saS*xqsVV NS[LRiV!
66. sVLjiRVV INRPs[ yxqsysNTP s[VsVV
yLjis: ""dsV Fy Bs*LiT [y
dsV BW yNTPsV sT sLiT

!''
@s AzmsLi (sj gS [zqs) DLi[,

   


  
 
   

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1. '\L`i (LRi'j.'@.), \sxmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs) VVNRP RLiT rRLkisV (s[VsR) NRPVsWLRiVV.

@RsV INRPryLji [s VNRPV dsLRiV xmsszLi[ NSVs gRiVLjiLi INRP saS*zqs][ FRVyLRiV.
yLjiR LRiW \sxmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs) RgiR LRiNRPV dLRiVN][xqsLi sryLiR V. @RsV yRVLigS '\L`i
(LRi'j.'@.) xmsOSQs dLRiV[R VgS, A lLiLi][ sQQNPT @LigkiNRPLjiLiRRV. |\ msgS @RRV: '\L`i
(LRi'j.'@.) dsV LiR Vso NS, @Rs xmsOSQs dLRiV[aSLRiV. @s @LiRV. A
xqsLiRLRiLi[ C ARV` @sRLjiLixms[R VTLij.'xqs. V'Lki, xqsWLRi @scsry@" (4),
ysLi.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

   


193

yLji[ N]LiRLRiV sWRs[V @ [zqs

DLi[yLRiV.
INRPs[
yLjiNTP
Dxms[bPLisV yLRiV [zqs DLi[,
saRPRVLigS,
@j
yLjiZNP[
ZaP[RVxqsLRi\sVsjgS sVLjiRVV yLji
(saS*rys) RXRxmsLji[jgS DLi[j.
67. sVLjiRVV @xmsVRV yLjiNTP s[VsVV,
sW \sxmsosVLiT g]xms xmsxmnsLi B
DLi[yLRiLi.

  
 
   

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68. sVLjiRVV
s[VsVV
yLj

iNTP
h

g
f
e
VVsWLRiLi \sxmsosNRPV sWLRiRLRi+NRPR*Li












[zqs DLi[yLRiLi.




69. sVLjiRVV FssLRiV @NRPV
mlkji

sVLjiRVV xmssNRPNRPV s[RVV\ DLiL][,

@Li yLRiV @ @sVgRixLi
F~Lijs xmssNRP][sW, xqsRsLiRV
][sW, (@) RLRiLi N]LRiNRPV FyV
N][[LiVVs @sVLRi dsLRiV (xtsQ{RV)
][sW, xqsR*QQLRisV][sW [LjiDLiLRiV.
sVLjiRVV @Li yLji ryLigRiRLi FsLi][
s[V\sj!1
70. @
sVLiT
Li[
@sVgRixLi
BLi[.
sVLjiRVV
(RVyLRiLi) VxqsVN][ssNTP @
yV.

s
rqpon

v
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{





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1. sWssoRV FssLji\s[ }mssVry][ yLji][V DLiRV. ('xqs.V'Lki, NTPyV Ay,

97, sVVzqs Li 'xkqs" sLi.1640) sVL]NRP'xkqs"[ B DLij: ""@Rj NRPLigS szmns
ssW'V [R VLi s xqs*LiR Li[ \sxmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs) ryLigRiRLi xqsVLij.'' ('xqs.
sVVzqsLi NTPy @'xqs=, xmsn '` @xqsV=`, 'xkq s" sLi. 488).

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

194

   


71. J saS*xqsVLS! dsVLRiV (@s

  
 
   

i
h
g
f

syVgS RVVysNTP zqsR\sV) Rgjis

gRiRV
szLiRLiT!1
dsVLRiV
(RVVysNTP) VgS[, [y @LiRLRiW
NRPzqsW RVV[LRiLiT.

m
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72. sVLjiRVV yxqsysNTP dsV[ ssVNRP

u

t
s
r
q

p
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DLiTF[VyRV DyRV, INRPs[ dsVNRPV

G\sVy AxmsR s}qs @xmsVRV yRV:
{
z
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""yxqsysNTP
@
ssV
@sVgRizLiyRV, @LiRVZNP[ s[sV NR
PWy







~}|

yLji][ FyV [sV!'' @s @LiRV.






73. sVLjiRVV INRPs[ dsVNRPV @
2

RLRixmnsQosVLiT @sVgRixs[V }qs! dsVNRPW

@RsNTP sVR G sR\sVs @sVLSgRi
LiRs[V [sVgS: ""@W! s[sV








NRPWy yLji][ FyV DLiT DLi[ yNRPV
gRiWy g]xms sRVxmnsRLi
Li






DLi[j NRPy!'' @s RxmsNRP @LiRV.






(3/8)




74. * NSsos Bx[NRP sys

xmsLRi[NRP sR (xqsVsNTP) RVVgS

@sVsyLRiV (saS*xqsVV), @
sWLRiLi[ FLSy. sVLjiRVV @





sWLRiLi[ FLSTs yRV, RLixmsTy,
[y s[RVV\y, s[VsVV RxmsNRPVLiy







@RsNTP g]xms xmsxmnss xmsryjLiR










gRisVV.
1. 'zLRiNRPVsV: @Li[ dsV LRiORPQ N]LRiNRPV dsV ARVVy][ RVVysNTP xqssR V\ DLiRLiT.
2. @Li[ RVVR Li[ dsVNRPV sRVLi sVLjiRVV sRVR sLi }qs!

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

75. sVLjiRVV

gRiLi: 5

195

dsVZNP[sVLiVVLij,
dsVlLiLiRVNRPV @ sWLRiLi[ sVLjiRVV
sxqs=RVV\
@s[RVTs
xmsoLRiVxtsv, {qsQ sVLjiRVV zms
N]LRiNRPV, FLSRLi [RV?1 yLRiV: ""sW
xmsW! _LRisxmsLRiV\s C sgRiLRiyxqsV
sVLiT sWNRPV ssWRsLi NRPgjiLiRV.
dssR sVLiT sW N]LRiNRPV xqsLiLRiORPQNRPV
sRVsVLiRV sVLjiRVV dssR sVLiT sW
N]LRiNRPV INRP xqsRVNRPV GLSV
[LiVV!'' @s s[RVN]LiVyLRiV.
76. saRP*zqsLis yLRiV, @
sWLRiLi[ FLSRVyLRiV. sVLjiRVV xqsR
LRiryLRiVV 'y'gRiW` sWLRiLi[
FLSRVyLRiV;2 NSsos dsVLRiV (J
saS*xqsVLS!) \|tsQ'ysV @sVRLRiVNRPV
sLRiVRLigS FLSRLiT. saRPRVLigS,
\|tsQ'ysV NRPV {s\sVs[!
77. ""dsV [RVsV AxmsoN][LiT,
ssW'sV ryzmsLiRLiT, sjysLi
('NS`) Bs*LiT.'' @s xmsTs
yLjis dsso RWR[y? RVVRLi
[RVsVs yLjis A[bPLisxmsVRV,
yLji[
N]LiRLRiV
@NRPV
RVxmsRszqss sRLigS sWssoNRPV
RVxmsRVRVyLRiV. NSRV! @LiRNRPLi[

   


  
 
   

 GF E D C B A
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`_ ^ ] \ [

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wv  u t    s r

    ~ }  | { z y x
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     m l k j i

1. BNRPR \sxmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs) sVkyNRPV sxqs FLiVVs RLRiVyR ysVLij RVVsNRPVV

NRPWy sxqs FRWLRiV. sXR VV {qsQV sVLjiRVV zmsV @NRP[ DLiTFRWLRiV. sVNS
sVVztsQNP` V\lLixtsvV yLji\|ms @yRWV, _LiR yV [R VrygSLRiV. @xmsVRV yLRiV
(sVVzqsLiV) \|mssR LigS s[R VN]yLRiV. B xmsLjizqsRV[ sVVzqs Li\|ms ` @RsxqsLRi
sVsoRVLij.
2. 'y'gRiW`: @Li[ \|tsQ'ys. RWRLiT, 2:256 ysLi 3.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

196

   


  
 
   

FsNRPVsgSs[ RVxmsRVRVyLRiV. yLRiV:

""J sW xmsW! RVVRLi [RVsVs C   u t s rq p o n
AsV sW N]LRiNRPV FsLiRVNRPV
sjLiyso? sWNRPV BLiNS N]LiR  z y x w v
ssj
FsLiRVNTPs*[RV?''
@s
    ~}|  {
1
@LiLRiV.
yLji][ B @sV:
""Bx[NRP xqsVLi RVRQ\sVsj      
sVLjiRVV \sd gRiyLjiNTP xmsLRi[NRP
xqsVs[V DRsV\sVsj. sVLjiRVV dsVNRPV
 
LRiWLRi dxmso dNRP[s F~LRi (xmnsd)
@LiR @yRVLi NRPWy LRiVgRiRV.
78. ""dsVLRiV FsNRPRVyxqslLi[! dsVNRPV    
yso s dLRiVRVLij sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV
g]xms N][ VLRiV[ Dy yso
      
LSNRP RxmsRV.'' (@s xmsVNRPV). sVLjiRVV
yLjiNTP G\sVy s[VV NRPgji[: ""Bj     
@ RLRixmnsQo sVLiT sLij.'' @s
@LiLRiV, NSs yLjiZNP[\y NUPRV
    
gRigji[: ""(J sVV'xsV`!) Bj ds
s LjigjiLij.'' @s @LiLRiV. yLji][        
@sV: ""@Liy @ RLRixmnsQosVLi[
      
(sxqsVLij)!'' C sVNRPV GsVLiVVLij?
yLRiV G sxtsQRWs NRPWy FsLiRVNRPV
  
@LRiLi[xqsVN][[NRP FRVyLRiV?
1. BryLi ALRiLi jy[ sVVsVVR, sVNS sVVzqs LiNRPV xqsxsLi szLiRLiT, ssW'
[R VLiT sVLjiRVV 'NS` Bs*LiT, @s A[aSV Bs*yLiVV. FsLiRVNRPLi[ @xmsVRV
yLji ALij NRP sVLjiRVV NRP xmsLjizqs RVV `NRPV @sVNRPWLigS [NRPVLi[s. @LiVVy yLRiV,
` N]LRiNRPV ]LiRLRi |ms [ yLRiV. NSs BxmsVRV sVky sVVss*LSNRPV ss RLRiVyR
yLji xmsLjizqs RVV sVLRiV\lgis RLRiVyR yLjis ` [R VsVs Azms}qs ylLiLiRVNRPV
ssVNRPLi s[xqsVyLRis, C ARV` xmsbPxqsVs j.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

197

79. (J sWssoy!) dsNRPV G s[VV

Ljigjiy @j @ @sVgRixLi ss[1

sVLjiRVV dsNRPV G NUPRV Ljigjiy @j ds
xqs*LiR (NRPLRi) xmnsRs[V!2 sVLjiRVV (J
sVV'xsV`!) s[VsVV ssV sWssoNRPV
xqsLi[aRPxLRiVsgS [zqs xmsLiFysVV. sVLjiRVV
ksNTP @ ryORPQ s[V yV.
80. FssRV
xmssNRPNRPV
s[RVR
RWxmsoy][iyxqssLigS @RRV @NRPV
s[RVR RWzmss[.3 sVLjiRVV NSRs
ssVjLjigjiF[
yLjis
@RVxmso[
DLiRsNTP (NSsysgS) s[VsVV ssV
xmsLixms[RV.

   


  
 
   

      
   
    


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D
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B
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K
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I
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81. sVLjiRVV yLRiV (ds xqssVORPQLi[):
R
Q
P
O

""s[VsVV s[RVVsVRWsVV.'' @s
xmsVNRPVyLRiV. NSs dssR sVLiT
W
V
U
T
S
sFLiVVs RLRiVyR yLji[ N]LiRLRiV
LSs[[ dsso zmssysNTP sLRiVRLigS
]
\
[Z

Y
X
xqsLixmsjLixmsoV LRiVxmsoyLRiV. sVLjiRVV
yLji LRixxqs xqsLixmsjLixmsods @
c
b
a
`_

^
yxqsVyRV. NRPsVNRP dsso yLjisVLiT
sVVsVV xmsVN][ sVLjiRVV @\|ms

j

i
h
g
fe

d
AyLRixmsT DLiRV. sVLjiRVV NSLRi
ryRNRPVTgS @ yV!
1. \ sxmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs) xmssRsLi: ""xqs*LiR Li[NPT xmss[bPLi[ xmssQQNPT NRPWy @
(xqsV.y.) NSLRiVLi ss[ xmss[bPryR V. (ZNP[s Li Rs NRPLRi s NSRV).'' @xmsVRV
'xqs' (LRi'j.'@>s VsV)V @yLRiV: ""J xmssNS! ('xqs'@xqs) dsVLRiV NRPWyy?'' @RsV
yyLRiV: ""@sosV, @xy'A VVNRP NSLRiVLi y\|ms [NPR VLi[ s[s V
NRPWy xqs*LiR Li[ xmss[bPLiR[s V.'' ('xqs. V'Lki).
2. RWRLiT, 42:30.
3. RWRLiT, 'xqs. V'Lki, xmsoxqsNPR Lic9, 'xkqs" sLi. 251, 384.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

198

   


  
 
   

82. GdsV? yLRiV VL`iAssV gRiVLjiLi

A[LiRLS? INRPs[ Bj @

q

p

o
nm

l
k

RLRixmnsQosVLiT gSNRP BRLRiV RLRixmnsQosVLiT
w
v
u
t
s
r
ssoLi[, @LiRV[ Fs[ xmsLRixqsLRi
sLRiVR\sVs sxtsQRWsV RW}qsyLRiV!1


y

x
83. sVLjiRVV yLRiV (xms gRiVLjiLi)

_

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{
z

G\y aSLiyLRi gSds [y RVyLRi
gSds
sssxmsVRV,
yss

f
e
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a
`
yzmsLixms[ryLRiV. @ [RVNRPVLiy yLRiV
yss xqsLi[aRPxLRiVsN][, [y yLji[
k
j
i
h
g
sLRiRWjNSLRiLi gRiyLjiN][ RV[zqs
DLi[! yss syLjiLiRgRi yLRiV, yLji
po

n
m
l
sVLiT yss ss @LRiLi[xqsVNRPVs[ yLRiV.
sVLjiRVV INRPs[ dsV\|ms @
u
t
s
r
q
@sVgRixLi sVLjiRVV ARVs NSLRiVs[V

y
x
w

v
[NRPVLi[ dsV[ N]LiRLRiV Rxms sVgRiy
yLRiLiRLRiW \|tsQysVsV @sVxqsLjiLi


z
DLi[yLRiV.
1. VL`iAs 23 xqsLisR=LS[ @sRLjiLixms[R VTLij. @LiVVy @LiRV[ G sR \ sVs
xmsLRixqsLRi sLRiVR \sVs sxtsQR WV [s o. B[ ys jysRLRiNRPV ryORPQ Li. BLiNS
BLiRV[ xmsTs xmspLRi*NS RLjiRV ZNP[sLi @g][R LRi sxqsLixmssVRV ('@sVV
'gRiVRVW) @LiVVs @(xqsV.y.)[V VxmsgRiRV. sVLjiRVV BLiRV[ yyxmso s[LiVV
\ssaSryQsNTP (Science) Lijs sxtsQR WV 1400 xqsLisR=LS sVVLiRV
xmsyLiVV. y[ N]s BxmsVTxmsV[ @sxtsQLjiLiRyLiVV. DyxLRiNRPV:
WsWNSaS xqsXztsQ INRP|msR }msVRV][ xqsLi sLiLij. xms sLSbP
ds][ xqsXzts QLiRTLij. sWssoRV sV][, @Li[ sV [ Ds sVWxmsyLS
(Elements)][ xqsXztsQLiRTLij, xqsWLRiRLiRV xqsLiyLRiLi, LSLis sWLRiVV
sVVR\ss. BLiNS Fs[ BLiR sLRiNRPV @sxtsQLjiLiRR[R V. dssLids gRiVLjiLi
A[}qs, sgRiyLRiV C sxtsQR WV 1400 xqsLisR=LSNRPV xmspLRi*Li sWssosNTP
RVso, NS Bs @g][R LS sLi gRi G\ZNPNRP xms Vso, xqsLRi*aRPNTP aS, xqsLRi*xqsXztsQNTP
sVWyLji, sWRs[V VxmsgRiRs, VxqsVNRPVLiLRiV. @Li[ C sxtsQR Wds
yRVTs, C VL`iAs sWssos [xmss NSRV. @jZNP[s Li js AsxtsQQX[V
@s ssVVyLRiV.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

84. NSsos dsso @ sWLRiLi[

RVVRLi LiVV. dsso ds sVVZNP[

RVRso. sVLjiRVV saS*xqsVsV
(RVVysNTP) FR=zLiRV. @
xqsRLRiryLRiV aRPNTPs @RsRV!
sVLjiRVV
@
@LiRV[s
aRPNTPgRiyRV sVLjiRVV bPOTPQLiRLi[

y NRPhjisVRV!
85. sVLi

   


199

  
 
   


~
}
|
{

N]LRiNRPV

sxtsQRVLi
zqsFyLRixqsV [}qsysNTP @LiRV[ gRiLi
xqsVLij. sVLjiRVV RV sxtsQRVLi









N]LRiNRPV zqsFnyLRixqsV [}qsyRV ysNTP
RR szryRV. sVLjiRVV @








xms ys\|ms @jNSLRiLi gRiyRV.1

86. sVLjiRVV dsVNRPV Fss\lLiy xqsLi
[}qs, ysNTP dsVLRiV @LiRNRPLi[

DRsV\sVs Lki[ xms xqsLi

RVLiT, [y NRPdsxqsLi @s[ xmsyV














Ljigji xmsNRPLiT (@[ sRLigS\sy




RVLiT).2 saRPRVLigS, @
xms yss xmsLjigRiLiRgRiyRV.3

1. sVVdRs (@csVVdRV): =@c'zmsn ''. NSFyRV, NSsDLiRV, AyLRiLi, aRPLRiLi, LRiORPQ

B[ yRV, saS*j NSLji, Protector, Watcher, Preserver, Observer, Controller,
All-Witness, @RVxmso[ DLiRV, @RV, NRPsVR Li[R VV, @j NSLRiLigRi, NRPs|msVN]s
DLiRV, gRisVsLiRV, xmsys\|ms Rs RXzts Qs DLisosyRV, xmsLjibdPNRPVRV
@s[ @LSVyLiVV. Bj @ (xqsV.y.) @RVR s V }msLiR [ INRP. (Bj }qsNRPLjiLiRTs
xmsRLi) BNRPR IZNP[ryLji sLij.
2. RWRLiT, 'xqs'{' V'Lki, xmsoxqsNPR Lic8, 'xkqs" sLi. 246.
3. @c'x{qsV: Reckoner, Taker of Accounts, Sufficer, or giver of what is
sufficient. NRPdxqsVNRPVs[, xmsLjigRiLi[ yRV. RWRLiT, 4:6.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

200

   


  
 
   

87. @! ARVs Rxms s[lLi[

ALSRVRV [RV. ARVs sVsV  G FE D C B A

@LiRLjids xmsosLRiVysjssVVs xqssWs[aRP
 N ML K J I H
xmsLRiVryRV. @j (LSsLi[) G sWRLi
xqsLi[xLi [RV. sVLjiRVV @ yNR
 PV  T S R Q PO
NRPLi[ sVlLisLji (yNRPV) xqsRQ\sVsj?


(1/2)


  Y X W V U
(J saS*xqsVLS!) dsV
ZNP[sVLiVVLij, NRPxmssaS*xqsV sxtsQRVLi[
 ] \ [ Z
dsVLRiV lLiLiRV sLSVgS dFRWLRiV.1
@ yLji NRPLRi xmnsRLigS, yLjis
yLji xmspLRi* (@saS*xqs) zqsNTP  c b a ` _^
sVLRiLiyRV.
GdsV?
@
sWLRiQxtsvVgS [zqss yLjiNTP dsVLRiV  j i h g fed
xqsyLRiLi RWxmsRyLS? yxqsysNTP,
nm l k
@ sWLRixtsQR*Li[ xmsRs[zqss 


2
ysNTP dsso (VV) sWLRiLi RWxms[so.
  s  r q p o
89. sVLjiRVV yLRiV xqsRLRiryLRiV
\s[ dsVLRiV NRPWy xqsRLRiryLRiV\,
yLji][ xqssWsV\ Fys yLRiV  y x w vut
N][LRiVRVyLRiV. NSsos @ sWLRiLi[  `_~ } | {  z
yLRiV sxqsFsLiR (z` [RVsLiR)
88. *

1. BNRPR Dx` RVVysNTP RVV[Lij N]LiRRWLRiLi FLiVVs RLRiVyR ssVjLjigji FLiVVs

300 sVLij NRPxmssaS*xqsV sxtsQR VLi xmsTLij. yLji yRVNRPVRV '@V scD\.
2. Fss\lLi[ RsV xqsRLRiryLRiLi sVLjiRVV sVWR ssVNRPLi ss sWLiR Q xts QR *Li[
xmsTFRWL][ sVLjiRVV @xy'A xmsryjLis ss[NSs DxmsWgjiLiRVN]s,
xqsys xqsyLSs, @sVxqsLjiLiRg][LiR L][! @Li yLjis[ @ (xqsV.y.)
sWLiR Q xts QR *Li[ xmsRsryR V. FsLiRVNRPLi[, @xy'ANRPV gRiRLik sVLjiRVV
sVVLiRV LRiVgRi[[Vk, @Liy VxqsV. @ (xqsV.y.) Fss*Ljids sLiRLigS
sWLiR Q xts QR *Li[ xmsRs[R VRV. @LiyLjiNTP Fss*LRiW, xqsyLiR Li RWxms[LiR V. C
sR \sVs @RV` VL`iAs[ Fs[ryLiR V sLij. yRLiRLRiW ksNTP
B[sR LigS yRLRisVyLRiV.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

201

   


  
 
   

sLRiNRPV, yLji[ Fss*Ljids dsVLRiV

 d c b a
}qszRVVgS [xqsVN][NRPLiT. INRPs[
yLRiV ssVjLjigji[, dsVLRiV yLjis FsNRPR
 i h gfe
]LjiNTP[ @NRP[ xmsVN]s sjLiRLiT.
sVLjiRVV yLji[ Fss*Ljids dsV 
nm l k j
}qszRVVgS,
xqsRVNRPVVgS

[xqsVN][NRPLiT.
90. NSs,
dsVLRiV
FssLji][\s[  t s  r q p o
IRLiTNRP [xqsVN]s DyL][, @Li
 x w v u
yLji][ NRPzqs FLiVVs yLRiV gSds, [y
Fss\lLi[ RsV xXRRW[ dsV][ gSds,
[NRP RsV yLji][ gSds RVVRLi  | { z y
[RVsNTP xqsLiNRPxmsRVRW dsV sRNRPV
    ~ }
sryL][ @Li yLjis gSds, (dsVLRiV
sjLiRNRPLiT). sVLjiRVV INRPs[ @   
N][Lji[[ yLjiNTP dsV\|ms AjNRPR B
DLi[yRV sVLjiRVV yLRiV dsV][
    
RVVRLi[zqs DLi[yLRiV. NSsos yLRiV dsV
      
sVLiT sVLRiF[, dsV][ RVVRLi
[RVNRP, dsV][ xqsLij [xqsVN][ssNTP


@LigkiNRPLji}qs (yLji\|ms yT [RVsNTP)


@ dsVNRPV yLji RWxms[RV.
    
91. sVL]NRP LRiNRP\sVs yLjis dsVLRiV
RWryLRiV; yLRiV dsV sVLiT aSLi
F~Liys sVLjiRVV RsV yLji][         
NRPWy aSLi F~Liys N][LRiVRVLiLRiV.      
NSs, xqssVRVLi ]LjiNTPsxmsVR yLRiV
(RsV sW sVLiT) sVLRiFLiVV
      
DxmsRysNTP xmspsVNRPVLiLRiV. @Li
yLRiV dsV][ (FLSRLi) sWsVN][NRP F[,   
dsV][ xqsLij [xqsVN][ssNTP @LigkiNRPLjiLiRNRP
  
F[,
RsV
[RVsV
(dsV][

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

202

RVVRLi[RVLi sVLiT) AxmsoN][NRPF[!

ylLiNRPR ]LjiNTP[ @NRPR xmsVN][LiT
sVLjiRVV xqsLixLjiLiRLiT. sVLjiRVV B
xmssLjiLiRsNTP s[VsVV dsVNRPV xqsxtsQ\sVs
@jNSLRiLi BxqsVysVV.

   


  
 
   

   









E
D
C


B
A

92. sVLjiRVV c F~LRiFyVgS Rxms c

INRP saS*zqs sVL]NRP saS*zqss RLixmsLi
L
K
J
IH


G
F
RgRisxmss (sztsQRLi). sVLjiRVV INRP

P
O
N
M
saS*zqss F~LRiFyVgS RLizmssyRV
(ysNTP xmsLjiLRiLigS) @RRV INRP
saS*zqsisxqsNRPV ssVVNTP NRPgjiLiy

U
T


S
R
Q
sVLjiRVV xRVs NRPVVLidNRPV(yLRixqsV)NRPV

[


Z
Y
XW

V
LRiNRPxmsLjiLRiLi (jRV`) NRPWy Liy.
yLRiV ORPQsV}qs @j yLjiNTP ysLi ('xqsR)

`
_

^
]
\
@soRVLij!1 NSs INRPs[ sjLixmsTs
yRV saS*zqs @LiVV, dsV aRPRVso[
e
dc

b
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[Ljisy\ DLi[, INRP saS*xqs sxqsNRPV

i
h
g
f
ssVVNTP NRPgjiLiy. INRPs[ (sjLixmsTs
yRV) c dsVLRiV IRLiTNRP [xqsVN]ssos
m
l
k
j
sVNRPV Lijs y\[ c LRiNRPxmsLjiLRiLi
@Rs NRPVVLidNRPV(yLRixqsV)NRPV By*.

q
p
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n
sVLjiRVV INRP saS*xqs (sVVzqsLi) sxqsNRPV
ssVVNTP NRPgjiLiy. (sxqsNRPV ssVVNTP

v
u
t
sr
NRPgjiLi[) aRPNTP [syRV, sLRiVxqsgS lLiLiRV
sV DxmsyryVLiy. @
y
x
w
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_
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}|

{
z
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ss[RyxmsLRiVRV.

b

a
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1. LRiNRPxmsLjiLRixmso xmsLjisWLi \sxmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs) NSLi[, 100 ILiVgS sLiR LiVVLiRRLi
LjigjiLij. Bj F~LRiFyVgS Ljigjis xRNRPV sWRs[V sLjixqsVLij.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

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203

93. sVLjiRVV Fss\[ INRP saS*zqss

   


  
 
   

f
e
d
c

VjxmspLRi*NRPLigS RLixmsoy][[ @Rs

xmsdNSLRiLi sLRiNRPs[V! @LiRV[ @RRV
j
i
h
g
aSaRP*RLigS DLiRV1 sVLjiRVV @Rs\|ms

n
m
l
k
@ AgRixLi sVLjiRVV aSxmsLi
(zuyLRiLi) DLiVLij sVLjiRVV


s

r
q

p
o
ARVs (@) @Rs N]LRiNRPV






|mnsWLRi\sVs bPORPQsV zqsRxmsLjiyRV.




94. J saS*xqsVLS! dsVLRiV @
y
x
w
v
u
t

sWLRiLi[ (`NRPV) RVV[Lji


~
}
|
{
z
sxmsVRV ss[Rs][ ssxLjiLiRLiT.
(aSLis AbPLi dsV \sxmsosNRPV) xqsLi





[xqsW s[yss c FyxmsLiNRP
xmsWysV F~LiRg][Lji c ""dsso




saS*zqss (sVVzqsLiso) NSso.''2 @s
(R*LRixmsT) @sNRPLiT. @ RgRiLRi dsV






N]LRiNRPV sRVRyV @RjNRPLigS





DyLiVV. ksNTP xmspLRi*Li dsVLRiV NRPWy
B[ zqs[ DLi[yLRiV NRPy! A RLRiVyR






@ sVsV @sVgRizLiyRV,
NSsos xqssVVR\sVs xmsLjibdPs[RVLiT.







saRPRVLigS, @! dsVLRiV [}qsRLiy



gS FsLRiVgRiVsV.
1. xR sVWRV LRiNSV: 1) c'@sV` : @Li[ Vj xmspLRi*NRPLigS xR[R VRLi. ys bPORPQ
BNRPR xmsTLij. Bx[NPR Li[ sVLRiaSxqssLi, sVLjiRVV xmsLRi[NRPLi[ sLRiNRPLi.
2) c''y: F~LRiFyV s, @sVN][s sRLigS Ljigjis xR. ks sxtsQRVLi
BLiRNRPVsVVLiRV 92 ARV`[ sLij.
3) cxtsv> '@sV` : ks ssLSV 'xkqs"[ }msL]syLiVV.
2. INRPryLji N]LiRLRiV 'xqs'dV ` N]LRiNRPV FRVLiLRiV. yLji[ INRP xmsaRPVso NSxmsLji yLjis
RWzqs xqssV [ryR V. yLRiV @RRV saS*zqsNSRV, ZNP[s Li Rs FysV
NSFyRVN][s sZNP[ c ysV sVVzqsLiss VxmssNTP c xqsLi [aSRs sLi, @Rss
RLizms, @Rs xmsaRPVsosV, sW 'gRidssV`gS \s xmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs) RgiR LjiNTP ryLiR V. @xmsVRV
C ARV` @sRLjiLixms[R VTLij, ('xqs. V'Lki, Lji").

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

95. FsLi

gRiLi: 5

204

   


  
 
   

NSLRiLi [NPR VLiy,

BLisR NRPWLRiVLiT F[V saS*xqsVV
E
D
C
B
A
sVLjiRVV @ sWLiR Li[ RsV R ys

J

I
H
G
F
sVLjiRVV RsV Fys ssWgjiLi
R LRiRVVR Li (`) [}qs saS*xqsV][

ON

M
L
K
xqsLjixqssWsVV NSLRiV. RsV R ys,
Fys ssWgjiLi R LRiRVVR Li


S
R
Q
P
(`) [}qsyLji ryys @!
BLi[ NRPWLRiVLiTF[V yLji rysLiNRPLi[,
Y
XW

V
U
T
DsRLi [aSRV. sVLjiRVV @ xms

_
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]\

[
Z
INRPLjiNTP DR s V xmsn Rxmso ygSsLi [aSRV.
NSds, @ R LRiRVVR Li (`)

c
b
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[zqss yLjiNTP BLi[ NRPWLRiVs yLjiNRPLi[
FsLi][
g]xms
xmsxmsn sV,


e

d
Aj NRPRsyRV.
96. yLji N]LRiNRPV, ARVs RLRixmsn QosVLiT
k
ji

h

g
f

DsR ryyV, ORPQs WORPQ sVLjiRVV
NSLRiVV NRPWy DLiLiVV. sVLjiRVV


o

n
m
l
@ ORPQs WbdPVRV, @FyLRi NRPLRiVxmsyR.



97. saRPRVLigS, RsVNRPV ysVV (RsV
ARNRPV) @yRVLi [xqsVNRPVLiW
t

s
r
q
p

DLi[yLji FysV d}qs [sRWRV
yLji][: ""dsVLRiV G zqs[ DLi[ yLRiV?''
{
z
yx

w
v
u
@s @Tgji[, yLRiV: ""s[VsVV WsV[
{sVsVVgS, sxqs=RVVsVVgS
a
`
_~

}
|
DLi[yLRisVV!'' @s yryLRiV. ysNTP

f
e
d
c
b
([sRWRV): ""GdsV? dsVLRiV sxqs
FssNTP @ WsV saSLigS

lk

j
i
hg
[NRPVLiy?'' @s @RVgRiVyLRiV. BLi
yLji aRPLRiLi sLRiNRPs[V. sVLjiRVV @j FsLiR

o

n
m
R gRisVrysLi!1
1. RWRLiT, 3:141.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

   


205

98. NSs, sLigSs[ sxqs=RVV\,

sxqsFssNTP G ryRy xqsLixmsd,

FsLi sWLRiLi [s xmsoLRiVxtsvV, {qsQV
sVLjiRVV zmsV Rxms!
99. NSsos BVsLi yLjis, @

sVsLiRsRV! FsLiRVNRPLi[, @
sVsLi[yRV, ORPQsWbdPVRV. (5/8)
100. * sVLjiRVV @ sWLRiLi[

  
 
   

s
r
q
p

w
v
u
t

|

{
z
y
x






~
}

sxqs F[V yRV WsV[

NSszqssLiR xqss, rNRPLSsV









F~LiRVyRV. sVLjiRVV FssRV Rs
BLis sR, @ sVLjiRVV ARVs







xmssNRP N]LRiNRPV, sxqs FssNTP
RVV[Ljis
RLRiVyR
@RsNTP







ysos}qs!
saRPRVLigS,
@Rs
xmsxmnsLi @ sR zqsLRiLigS








DLiVLij.
FsLiRVNRPLi[,
@



ORPQsWbdPVRV, @FyLRi NRPLRiVxmsyR.



101. sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV WsV[






xmsRWLi [}qsxmsoRV ssW'sV
xqsLiOTPQxmsLi (qs) [}qs, @j FyxmsLi








1
NSRV. (@Li[gSNRP) xqsRLRiryLRiVV









sVsV s[jryLRiV @s[[ RVLi dsVNRPV
NRPgjisxmsoRV NRPWy! FsLiRVNRPLi[,
xqsRLRiryLRiVV saRPRVLigS, dsVNRPV







zLRiLigRi aRPRVsoV.
1. 'qs: xqsLiOTPQxmsLi, @Li[ ''[ lLiLiRV, '@qs[ lLiLiRV sVLjiRVV 'Buy[ lLiLiRV
LRiNSRVV sWRs[V sj (xmsn 'L`i ) ssW'V [R W. xmsn sVLjiRVV sV'gji
ssW'[ xqsLiOTPQxmsLi ('qs) [R V. xmsRWLi[ xqsVs` ssW'V sT|mssRV.
s'` xmspLji [R W.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

206

   


102. sVLjiRVV dsso (J xmssNS!), yLji

(sVVzqs Li) sVR DLiT (FLSLi

LRiVgRiVRW
DLiRgS)
ssW'
[LiVVLiRysNTP
yLji][
sT[,
yLji[s INRPsLiR Li ds][FyV sy.
sVLjiRVV yLRiV @xqsQyLRiV\ DLiy.
yLRiV RsV xqsysV xmspLji [xqsVN]s ssNTP
sFy. @xmsVRV BLiNS ssW'
[R Vs lLiLi][s LiR Li s ds][FyV
ssW' [R W. yLRiV NRPWy
gRiLRiWNRPV\ DLiT, RsV ARVVysV
R LjiLi DLiy. FsLiRVNRPLi[, dsVLRiV dsV
ARVVyxms, sVLjiRVV dsV rysVgji xms,
G N]j @gRiR szLiy dsV\|ms
INRPryLjigS sLRiVRVNRPVxmsys xqsR
LRiryLRiVV NSRVN]s DLiLRiV. @LiVV[,
sL<iR Li s dsVNRPV BLijgS DLi[! [y
dsVLRiV @xqs*xqs V\[, dsVLRiV dsV ARVVysV
jLi|msRLi FyxmsLi NSRV. @LiVVy dsV
gRiR [ dsVLRiV DLiy. saRPRVLigS,
@
xqsRLRiryLRiV
N]LRiNRPV
@ssWsNRPLRi\sVs
bPORPQs V
zqsR xmsLRi
1
DLiyRV.
103. BNRP ssW'sV xmspLji[zqss
RLRiVyR sVRVy, NRPWLRiVy,
xmsLRiVLiTy,
@sV
xqsLjixqsW
DLiRLiT. NSs aSLi RRV sN]s
RLRiVyR ssW'sV ryzmsLiRLiT.
saRPRVLigS, ssW' saS*xqsVNRPV
sRVsVR xqssVRW[ FyLiRsNTP
sjgS sRVsVLiRTLij.
1. RWRLiT, 2:239.

  
 
   

E
D
C

B
A

J
I
H
G
F

N
M
L
K

R
Q
P
O

WVUTS

\[

Z
Y
X

b
a
`
_
^
]

f
e
d
c

l
k
j
ih

g

t
s
r
q
p
o

n
m

yx

w
v
u

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|{

z

c

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g
f
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ml

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s
rq

p
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gRiLi: 5

207

   


  
 
   

104. sVLjiRVV

aRPRVsosV
sLiTLiRLi[
{sRsV



~
}
|
{
xmsRLji+LiRNRPLiT. INRPs[ dsVLRiV R




xmsRVRVsQLiVV[, saRPRVLigS yLRiV
NRPWy c dsVLRiV RxmsRV RVsQ[ c











RxmsRVRVyLRiV. sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV








@ sVLiT yLRiV AbPLiR[s yss
AbPxqsVyLRiV. sVLjiRVV yxqsysNTP,




@
xqsLRi*RV,
sV



ss[RyxmsLRiVRV.

sVV'xsV`!)







saRPRVLigS, s[VsVV C gRiLiys
(VL`iAssV),
xqsRLi][,
ds\|ms









@sRLjiLixms[aSsVV c @ dsNRPV





zmss xmsNSLRiLi c dsso xms sVR
dLRiV[RVsNTP. sVLjiRVV dsso



saS*xqsxmnsWRNRPV xmsORPQsVVs yjLi[



yRso NSsRV.



105. (J

106. sVLjiRVV @sV ORPQsWORPQ

N]LRiNRPV FyLjiLiRV. saRPRVLigS, @

ORPQsWbdPVRV, @FyLRi NRPLRiVxmsyR.1
107. sVLjiRVV

AR ][xLi
[xqsVNRPVs[ yLji xmsORPQsVVs dsso
yjLiRNRPV. saRPRVLigS, @
saS*xqsxmnsWRNRPV, Fyzmss }mssVLiRRV.

   F E D CBA



IH G


 N M L K J
 U T S R Q PO
 YX W     V

1. @W x\lLiLS (LRi'j.'@.) NRPRsLi: ""s[sV \sxmssNRP( 'xqs'@xqs)sV, B @sgS sysV:

"@ ryOTPQgS! s[s V xmsL][ 70 ryLiR NRPLi[ FsNRPVs @ (xqsV.y.)sV ORPQsWORPQ
N]LRiNRPV s[R VNRPVLisV sVLjiRVV @xy'A \sxmsosNRPV xmsaSyxmsLi][ sVLRiVysV.'''
('xqs'{' V'Lki, xmso.c8, 'x. sLi. 319).

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

108. yLRiV

gRiLi: 5

208

   


  
 
   

(RsV RVxtsQLRisV)
]\[Z
sWsso sVLiT yRgRiLRiV, NSs @
sVLiT yR[LiR V. FsLiRVNRPLi[ ARVsNRPV cba`_ ^
(@NRPV) xqssVRLi [s sxtsQR WsV
gRiVLjiLi yLRiV LSRV[ LRixxqs  kjihgfed
xqssW[R sV [}qsxmsVRV NRPWy ARVs
ponml
yLji][ DLiRV. sVLjiRVV yLji xqsNR P


RLRisV @ xmsLjis[zts QLi DyRV.
109. @sosV, dsVlLi[! C (@xmsLSRV) utsrq
xmsORPQsVVs Bx[NRP sRLi[\s[ yxwv
yjLiyLRiV. @LiVV[! dLRiVjssVVs yLji
xmsORPQsVVs @][ FssRV yjLiR
_~} |{z
gRiRV? [y yLjiNTP FssRV LRiORPQNRPVRV
NSgRiRV?

cba`
110. sVLjiRVV FyxmsLi [zqssyRV,
[y
RsNRPVysV
@yRVLi  i h g f e d
[xqsVNRPVsyRV,1 RLRiVyR @sV
 n m l k j
ORPQs WORPQ \ZNP s[R VNRPVLi[ @Li yRV
@sV
ORPQs WbdPVRVgS,
@FyLRi

qp o
NRPLRiVxmsyRgS F~LiRgRiRV!
 u t s r
111. NSs Fss\y FyFys @Lij }q ,
ys (xmsn RLi) @R[ xqs*RVLigS LjiryR V.
 { z yxw v
sVLjiRVV @ xqsLRi*RV, sV
ss[R yxmsLRiVRV.

 ~ } |
112. sVLjiRVV FssRV @xmsLSR Li gSds,
[y FyxmsLi gSds [zqs, RLRiVyR yss        
INRP
@sWRVNRPVs\|ms
sWxmsoy][!
yxqsysNTP, @Li yRV ds\sVs      
@xmssLiRsV sVLjiRVV |mnsWLRi FyFys
 
RsdsVR sWxmsoNRPVs y[!
1. RWRLiT, 17:15.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

209

113. sVLjiRVV (J xmssNS!) @

@sVgRixLi sVLjiRVV ARVs NSLRiVs[V

ds\|ms [NRPVLi[, yLji[s INRP sLRiLi yLRiV
ssV sWLRiQxtsQy*sNTP gRiVLji[RVg][LSLRiV.
NSs yLRiV RsVsV ysVV Rxms
sVlLis*Ljids sWLRiQxtsvVgS [RV[LRiV.
sVLjiRVV yLRiV dsZNPLi ds
[RV[LRiV. sVLjiRVV @ ds\|ms C
gRiLiys
sVLjiRVV
ss[NSs
@sRLjiLixms[aSRV.
sVLjiRVV
dsNRPV
RVs sxtsQRWsV dsNRPV s[LSRV.1
sVLjiRVV ds\|ms Ds @ @sVgRixLi
y g]xmsj. (3/4)
114. * yLRiV [}qs LRixxqs
xqssWs[aS[ ysVVNRPV G s[VV
[RV. NSs Fss\lLiy ysRLSV
[RVsNTP, xqsyLSV (sV'@LRiWmns)
[RVsNTP [y xmssVR xqsLij
[NRPWLRisNTP (xqssW[RsV) [}qs
Rxms! FssRV @ {msN]LRiNRPV
BLi xmssVV [ry][[, @RsNTP s[VsVV
g]xms xmsxmnss xmsryjrysVV. 
115. sVLjiRVV RsNRPV xqsyLRiLi
xqsxtsQLigS zqss zmsRxms NRPWy, FssRV
xmssNRPNRPV slLi[NRPLigS FLiVV saS*xqsV
sWLRiLi gSNRP s[lLi[ sWLSs @sVxqsLjiry][[!
@RRV @sLiLis ][s \sxmsosZNP[,
@Rss sVLRiVysVV sVLjiRVV yss
sLRiNRPLi[ NSVysVV. sVLjiRVV @j
FsLiR R gRisVrysLi.2
1. RWRLiT, 42:52 sVLjiRVV 28:86.
2. RWRLiT, 3:85.

   


  
 
   

    
     
   
    
   
    
    




 F E D C B A
 L K J I H G
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 W V U T S
]\ [ Z Y X



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4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

210

   


  
 
   

116. saRPRVLigS, @ RsNRPV

 z y x w v u t
ry NRPLiRs (ztsQLRiV) GsWRLi
ORPQsVLiRRV, NSs ARVs yss sT
 _ ~ } | {
(BRLRi G FyFy\sQy) ysV N][Ljis ysNTP
ORPQsVryRV! @][ gRiry*sVVsV  f e d c b a`
NRPLi[ yRV, yxqsysNTP sWLRiQxtsv\,

i h g
sWLRiQxtsQR*Li[
y
RWLRiLi


FLiVVs[!
   n ml k j
117. ARVssV (@sV) sR,
1
yLRiV {qsQ([sR)sV FyLjixqsVyLRiV.
 r q p o
sVLjiRVV yLRiV ZNP[sLi LRiVgRiVV
yLRiV\s \|tsQ'yss[ FyLjixqsVyLRiV.2

ut s


118. @ @Rs aRPzmsLiyRV
(zxtsQLjiLiyRV). sVLjiRVV @RRV  { z y xwv
(\|tsQ'ys) B @yRV: ""s[sV
~ } |
saRPRVLigS, ds yxqsV[ sVLiT INR P


sRVsVR gSs dxqsVNRPVLisV.

119. ""sVLjiRVV saRPRVLigS, s[sV
yLjis
sWLRiQxtsvVgS
[rysV;

sVLjiRVV yLjiNTP RxmsNRP, RxmsVRV AaRPV
NRPgjirysV; sVLjiRVV s[sV yLjis

AzmsrysV; ys xmsNSLRiLi yLRiV RxmsNRP
xmsaRPVso
sosV
dVyLRiV;
 
sVLjiRVV s[sV yLjis AzmsrysV; ys
xmsNSLRiLi yLRiV RxmsNRP @ xqsXztsQ[
 

1. {qsQ [sRV @Li[, BNRPR sVVztsQNP` V\lLixtsvV xmspLi[ {qsQ sgRiV Dy: ""`,
'D', sVy` sVLjiRVV yB"'' sVVR\ss. [NPR \ sRWRV. FsLiRVNRPLi[syLRiV
\sRWRsV @ (xqsV.y.) VVNRP NRPVsWlLiVgS sLi, yLji ALSR s [}qsyLRiV.
2. \|mss }msL]s y ALSR s ZNP[s Li \|tsQ'ys ALSRs[V. FsLiRVNRPLi[s|\ tsQ'ys[ sWsso
@(xqsV.y.) sWLiR LisVLiTsVLi WNRP\ysVALSj LiRs FR=zryR V.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

   


211

sWLRiVV [ryLiR V.''1 sVLjiRVV FssRV

@ NPR V RVVgS \|tsQ'yssV Rs
LRiORPQNPR VsgS [xqsVNRPVLi][! yxqsysNTP y[
xqsxts Q\sVs suysNTP gRiVLji @LiVVs yRV!
120. @RRV (\|tsQ'ys) yLjiNTP ygSsLi
[ryR V sVLjiRVV yLji[ sxmsLkiR
N][Lij NRPsV lLi[xmsoyRV. NSs, \|tsQ'ys yLjiNTP
[}qs ygSyV sWxqsxmso[s sWRs[V!
121. @Li
yLji
AaRPRVLi
sLRiNRPs[V; sVLjiRVV yLjiNTP ys sVLiT
RzmsLiRVNRPVs[ sWLRis[V DLiRRV.
122. sVLjiRVV Fss\lLi[ saRP*zqsLi
xqsyLSV [ryL][! s[VsVV yLjis NTPLiR
NSVsV xmsszLi[ xqs*LiR sy[
xmss[bPLixms[rys VV;
@LiRV[
yLRiV
aSaRP*RLigS NRPNSsVVLiLRiV. @
ygSsLi xqsRQ\sVsj. sVLjiRVV xmsVNRPV[
@ NRPLi[ FsNRPVs xqsRsLiRVsRV?
123. dsV N][Lij NRP xmsNSLRiLigS gSds, [y
gRiLiRxms N][Lij NRP xmsNSLRiLigS gSds
(sWORPQLi) [R V! FyxmsLi [zqss ysNTP ysNTP
Rgjis bPORPQ Bs*RVRVLij; sVLjiRVV yRV,
@ Rxms sVL]NRP LRiORPQNPR VTs gSds,
xqsRVNRPVTs gSds F~LiR[R V!

  
 
   

   



   


  
    

 

C
B
A

F
E
D

K
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I
H
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d

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l

1. BNRPR @ (xqsV.y.) xqsXzts Q[ sWLRiVV @Li[; xmsaRPVso sosV xms[NRP \ y}msLRi,

xms[NRP LRiNRPLigS N][zqs sRsRs[V NSNRP. sWssoV NRPWy @Liys |LiRsNTP
xmsRV s[LiVVLiRVN][sLi, sVLjiRVV NRPsVsV sLiVNRPsV NRPLij LiRVN][s Li,
Fyzqs N`P xqsLiR Lki [LiVVLiRVN][s Li, sVLjiRVV WNPR dsV sVLjiRVV y|qsNRPdsV [LiVVLiRVN]s
@xy'A xqsXzts Q[ sWLRiVV RVNRPV xmsRVLiRRLi NRPWysV. \ sxmssNRP
('xqs'@xqs) xqsLixmsyRVLi s zqsLi[sVLi[ xmsaRPVsoNRPV {qs= [R VLi
R LRixqssVRs[V. FsLiRVNRPLi[, \sxmssNRP ('xqs'@xqs) {qs= [zqss xmsaRPVso (VLSds)
[aSLRiV.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

212

   


  
 
   

124. sVLjiRVV xqsyLSV [}qsyRV
s
r
q
p
o

xmsoLRiVxtsv\y, [NPR {qsQ @LiVVy, A sQQNPT
saS*zqs @LiVVDLi[, @Li yLRiV
y

x
w
v
u
t
xqs*LiR Li[ xmss[bPryLiR V sVLjiRVV yLjiNTP
LiR WLRidxmso dNRP (sdLS) @LiR
~
}
|
{
z
@yRVLi NRPWy LRiVgRiRV.


_
125. sVLjiRVV Rs sVVs (RssV
ysV) @NRPV xqssVLjiLiRVN]s (sVVzqs Li

dcba`
@LiVV),
xqssV\,
B{sV
@sVxqsLjiLis, GNRP\s zqsyLiys
j
i
h
g
f
e
(xqsRR LSs) @sVxqsLjiLi[ ys NRPLi[



p
o
n
ml



k
DR s VV\s saS*zqs (yLjiNRPVRV) FssRV?1


r

q
sVLjiRVV @! B{sVsV Rs
}qszRVsgS [xqsVNRPVyRV.

zy

x
w
v
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s
126. sVLjiRVV ANSaS[ DsRLiy
sVLjiRVV WsV[ DsRLiy @NRPV




~
}
|
{
Lijs[. sVLjiRVV yxqsysNTP @







xmsyss xmsLjis[zts QLi DyRV.
127. sVLjiRVV yLRiV ssV {qsQ





ssLRiLi[ gRi yLjiNRP dLRiV(xmsn y*)sV
gRiVLjiLi @RVgRiVRVyLRiV. yLji][ B @sV:

""@ yLjis ({qsQsV) gRiVLjiLi yLjiNRP

dLRiV BxqsVyRV: "@yR {qsQsV, yLji










N]LRiNRPV sLiR LiVVLiRTs xNRPV(sV)sV






dsVLRiV yLjiNTPs*NRP, yLjis |msLiyRg][LiR VRVs
sxtsQR Ws gRiVLjiLid sVLjiRVV {sV\s

R sV gRiVLjiLid sVLjiRVV @yRzms

sxtsQR VLi[s W yRVLigS ssxLjiLiys








C gRiLiRLi[ dsVNRPV VxmsRV][Lij.'2










sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV G sVLixmss [zqsy @j
@NRPV RxmsNRPVLiy VxqsVLij.''






1. RWRLiT, 2:135.
2. RWRLiT, 4:3.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

213

   


  
 
   

128. sVLjiRVV INRPs[ {qsQ Rs LRi,
G
F
E
D
C
B
A

@yRLRi][
xmssLjir y[sWss, [y
ssVVVRsoy[sWss, RVxmsT[! yLjiR LRiW
M
L
K
J
I
H
RsV sVR LS [xqsVNRPVLi[! yLji\|ms FsLi
][xtsQLi[R V. LSxmsRLi FsLi][ DR s V\sVsj.
T
SR

Q
PO

N
sVLjiRVV sWsso sVsxqsV=[ }msLSxqs

Y
X
WV

U
BsVTsosj. dsVLRiV xqssV\, \sd NRPgji
DLiRLiT! FsLiRVNRPLi[! saRPRVLigS, @

^





]
\
[
Z
dsV NRPLRisLids gS FsLRiVgRiVsV.


a

`
_
129. sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV FsLiR N][Lij y, dsV
LRi sVR xmspLji yRVLi [R VLi dsV

f
e
d
c
b

[R NSs xmss. NRPsVNRP INRP LRi \sxmsosNRPV

FsNRPVsgS sVVgij , sVL]NSsVsV ][RVsWs
l
k
ji

h
g
zqs [ sRNRPLiT. dsVLRiV dsV xmssLRi s sV

o

n
m
xqsLji[xqsVN]s \sd NRPgji DLiRLiT!
FsLiRVNRPLi[
saRPRVLigS,
@

t
s
r
qp
ORPQs WbdPVRV, @FyLRi NRPLRiVxmsyR.
130. NSs INRPs[ yLRiV (RLixmsRVV)

z

y
x
w
v
u
sTF[![ @ Rs yRXR*Li][ yLji[

`
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}
|
{
xms INRPLjids, xqs*RVLixqssVXR VVgS
[R VsRV! sVLjiRVV @ ! xqsLRi*yzms

g
fedc
ba



(xqsL][*xmsgRiRVRV), sV ss[R yxmsLRiVRV.
131. sVLjiRVV ANSaS[ DsRLiy

m
l
k

j
i
h
sVLjiRVV WsV[ DsRLiy, @ NPR V

s
r
q
p
on
Lijs[. sVLjiRVV yxqsysNTP s[VsVV
@ RVLiRV RV NRPVV NRPgji
x
w
v
u

t
DLiRsVs, xmspLRi*Li gRiLiRLi Bs yLjiNUP
sVLjiRVV dsVNRPW AzmsLiysVV. sVLjiRVV


~
}
|
{z

y
INRPs[ dsVLRiV LRixqsLji}qs WsWNSaS[
DsRLiy saRPRVLigS @ ZNP[ Lijsj.







sVLjiRVV @ xqs*RVLixqssVXR VRV,





xqsLRi*ryNRPV @L>iR VRV.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

132. sVLjiRVV

gRiLi: 5

214

   


  
 
   

ANSaS[sW








sVLjiRVV WsV[sW DsRLiy
@ZNP[ LiRVRVLij. sVLjiRVV







NSLRiryRNRPVTgS @ yV!
133. J sWssoLS! ARVs






N][Lji[,
sVsV
@LiRLi[zqs
BRLRiVsV
[gRiRV.
sVLjiRVV





yxqsysNTP, @ B [RVgRi








xqssVLRiVRV.1
134. FssRV Bx[NRP xmnsys










N][LRiVy][[, (ysNRP[ ]LRiVNRPVRVLij).
NSs (ZNP[sLi) @ sRs[, Bx[NRP






sVLjiRVV xmsLRi[NRP xmnsyVyLiVV.
sVLjiRVV @ xqsLRi*Li ss[yRV,










xqsLRi*Li RW}qsyRV. (7/8)
135. * J saS*xqsVLS! dsVLRiV  E D C B A
yRVLiN]LRiNRPV zqsLRiLigS sT,  J I H G F
@ N]LRiZNP[ ryORPQ sVs*LiT. sVLjiRVV
dsV ryORPQ Li dsVNRPV gSds, dsV
 N  M L  K
RRLiRVNRPV gSds, dsV LiRVsoNRPV
gSds, sLRiVRLigS DyxqslLi[. yRV  T S R Q PO
RssLiRV\y [NRP }msRy\y xqslLi[!
(dsV NRPLi[ FsNRPVs) @ yLjiRLji  [ Z YXW V U
s[VV N][lLi[yRV. NSsos dsVLRiV dsV
sV[yLiRsV @sVxqsLji}qs yRVLi  b a ` _^] \
[RVNRPFsRV.2 dsVLRiV dsV ryOSQQs
 g   f e d c
sNUPNRPLjiLiy,
[NRP
yss
sLSNRPLjiLiy! saRPRVLigS, dsVLRiV

ji h
[}qsRLiy @ gS FsLRiVgRiVsV.
1. RWRLiT, 47:38.
2. RWRLiT. 5:8.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

215

136. J saS*xqsVLS! @sV,

   


  
 
   

 o n m l k

ARVs xmssNRPsV, ARVs Rs

xqsLi[aRPxLRiVs\|ms
(sVV'xsV`\|ms)
 s r q p
@sRLjiLixms[zqss gRiLiys sVLjiRVV
ARVs BLiRNRPV xmspLRi*Li @sRLjiLixms[zqss  w v u t
gRiLiysLids
saRP*zqsLiRLiT.1
 ~  } | {zy x
@sV, ARVs RWRsV, ARVs
gRiLiysV,
ARVs
xmssNRPsV,
a`_
@LisVjys LRixqsLjiLis yRV,
yxqsysNTP
sWLRiQxtsv\,
sWLRi
fedcb
QxtsQR*Li[ yRWLRiLi FLiVVs[!
 hg
137. saRPRVLigS,
Fss\lLi[
saRP*zqsLis RLRiVyR LRixqsLjiLi,
 nm l k j i
sVd saRP*zqsLi, A RLRiVyR
LRixqsLjiLi; A LRiryLRiLi[s[  u t s rqpo
xmsoL][gRisVryL][[! @Li yLjis @
FssNUP ORPQsVLiRRV. sVLjiRVV yLjiNTP  |{zyxwv
xqsyLRiLi \sxmsosNRPV yLjiRWxmsRV!
 }
138. NRPxms
saS*xqsVNRPV,
saRPRVLigS! yNRPLRi\sVs bPORPQ DLiRs       ~
Vxmso.
  
1. BLiRNRPVxmspLRi*Li @sRLjiLixms[R VTs js gRiLiysV saRP*zqsLiRRLi @Li[,
@ (xqsV.y.) RLRixmsn QosVLiT @sRLjiLixms[R VTs, fLS` sVLjiRVV BLi
sVVR\s js gRiLiy[ sVgji Ds xqsysV @ssW.
@Li[s@xy'A RLRixmsn QosVLiT @sRLjiLixms[R VTDs sxtsQR WsV
saRP*zqsLiRRLi. C L][ ZNP[s Li C jsVL`iAs Rxms G BRLRi jsgRiRLi NRPWy,
@sRLjiLixms[R VTs sLRiWxmsLi[ [R V. FsLiRVNRPLi[ A sVRxmso R LRis[R V
NSNRPs[V y[ Fs[ |RVRgiR VV [xqsW syLRiV. DyxLRiNRPV BxmsVRV
yRVNRP[ sVs \[ Fs[ryLiR V sWLRiVV [aSLRiV. BxmsVRV yRNRP[ Ds
AR VsNRP \[ sLji sWLRiV 1977 NUP.aRPNRPLi[ [aSLRiV. @j (Revised)
Authorized KJV @sRVRVLij. BNRPR xqsLi[R s, BxmsVRV yRVNRP[ Ds A
js gRiLiy[ sVgji Ds xqsysV sWRs[V xqsWxqsVLij. RWRLiT, 3:3.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

139. Fss\lLi[

216

   


  
 
   

saS*xqsVsV sR 
xqsRLRiryLRiVsV RsV }qszRVVgS
[xqsVNRPVLiVyL][! @Li yLRiV, yLji
 
(@saS*xqsV)
sVLiT,
g_LRiys
F~LiRg][LiR VRVyLS? NSds saRPRVLigS, 
g_LRissVLiy ZNP[s Li @ZNP[ Lijsj.1
140. sVLjiRVV yxqsysNTP, (@)      
dsV N]LRiNRPV C gRiLiRLi[ (C sR \sVs
     
A) @sRLjiLixms[aSRV: ""INRPs[ dsVLRiV
@ xqsWNRPVsV gRiVLjiLi LRiryLSs
     
sVLjiRVV xmsLjirys sLi[! @[}qs
yLRiV, (A xqsLixtsQsR) BRLRi     
xqsLixtsQ FyLRiLiLiRsLiRsLRiNRPV dsVLRiV
yLji][ NRPzqs NRPWL][NRPLiT!'' @[}qs      
saRPRVLigS, dsVLRiV NRPWy yLjiLiylLi[!   
saRPRVLigS @ NRPxmssaS*xqsVsV
sVLjiRVV xqsRLRiryLRiVsV @LiRLjids

E
D
C
B
A
sLRiNRPLi[ sV[ryR V.


K
J
I
H
G
F
141. yLRiV (NRPxmssaS*xqsVV) dsV
sxtsQR VLi[ sLkiOTPQxqsVyLRiV. INRPs[ dsVNRPV
@ RLRixmsn QosVLiT. sRVLi }qs! yLRiV
P

O
N
M
L
(dsV][) @LiLRiV: ""GdsV? s[VsVV dsV][ NRPzqs
U
T
S
R
Q
[s W?'' NSs INRPs[ xqsRLRiryLRiV[
\|ms[LiVV @LiVV[ (yLji][) @LiLRiV: ""GdsV?

Z
YX

W
V
dsV][ lgi[aPR NTP sWNRPV [NPR FLiVVLiy?
@LiVVy s[VsVV sVsV saS*xqsV sVLiT
`
_^

]
\

[
NSFyR [y?'' NSs @ xmsosLRiVys
jssVVs dsV sVR dLRiV[ryR V. sVLjiRVV
e
d
c
b

a
@ ! FssNUP xqsR LRiryLRiVNRPV
g

f
saS*xqsV\|ms(sRVLiF~Li[)sWLiR LiRWxmsRV.2
1. RWRLiT, 35:10 sVLjiRVV 63:8.
2. RWRLiT, 42:30.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

   


217

142. saRPRVLigS, C NRPxms saS*xqsVV

@ s V sWxqsgjiLiRg][LiR VRVyLRiV. NSs

ARVs[ yLjis sWxqsLi[ xmsRs[aSRV.1
sVLjiRVV INRPs[ yLRiV ssW' N]LRiNRPV
sy aRPy{ s V\ ZNP[s Li xmsNRPV
RWxmssZNP[ sVryLiR V.2 sVLjiRVV yLRiV
@ s V xqsLjiLi[j y RNRPVs!
143. yLRiV
(saS*xqsc@saS*ry)
sVR s[RVRVyLRiV. yLRiV xmspLjigS
BV (saS*xqsVV) NSNRPVLiy, xmspLjigS
@V (xqsRLRiryLRiVV) NSNRPVLiy
DyLRiV. sVLjiRVV FssT\s[ @
sWLRixtsQR*Li[ xmsRs[ry][ @Li
yTNTP dsso (xqs\lLis) sWLRiLi RWxms[so.3
144. J
saS*xqsVLS!
dsVLRiV
saS*xqsVsV sR xqsRLRiryLRiVsV,
dsV }qszRVVgS [xqsVN][NPR LiT. GdsV?
dsVLRiV, dsVZNP[ slLi[NPR LigS, @NRPV
xqsxts Q\sVs xmssWLi Bs*RRVNRPVyLS?

  
 
   

l
k
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i
h


q

p
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n
m

v
u
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y
x
w

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_
~
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h
g
f
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c
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m

l
k
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r
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v
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s

|
{
z
y
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}

1. RWRLiT, 57:12c15.
2. NRPxmssaS*xqsVNRPV 'Buy sVLjiRVV xmsn ssW'V [R VLi y NRPhjisLigS
DLiVLij, ('xqs'{' V'Lki). yLRiV BRLRiVNRPV RWxmssNTP sVLjiRVV sVVzqs LisV
RsVsV gRiVLjiLi @LiR NSLRiLi(@WsVRVLi)[ DLiRsZNP[ ssW'V [ryLiR V. yLRiV
[}qs ssW'[ RV NRPVV DLiRso.
3. Fss\lLi[ Vj xmspLRi*NRPLigS sWLiR xts Qy*s, NRPVmsn sVLjiRVV ztsQLi` sV FssVNRPVLiL][!
yLjiNTP @(xqsV.y.) xqsyLiR Li \sxmsoNRPV sWLiR RLRi+NRPR*Li [R VRV. FsLiRV
NRPLi[s@xy'A sWssoNRPV sVLjiRVV yRVNRPV sRORPQ Vj syRV.
xmssNRP y*LS sVLjiRVV jsgRiLiy y*LS yLji sR NRPV sWLiR RLRi+NRPy*s
xmsLiFyRV. @LiVVy yLRiV RsV RLRiVxqsVRsLi][ |\ tsQ'ys s[ xmsTFLiVV, |\ tsQys
@RVgRiV R[ sRVxqsVyLRiV. @ (xqsV.y.)NRPV LjigjiFLiVVLij, LRigRisVsj
@LiyVxqsV. @xy'A 'AsVV '\lgi. RVxts vV xqsyLiR Li \ sxmsosNRPV LSLRis
@(xqsV.y.)NRPV VxqsV NS, yLjis sWLiR Q xts QR *Li[ xmsTDLiRsry[ NSds,
yLjis sLiRLigS sWLiR Q xts QR *Li[NPT ][R VRV.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 5

218

NRPxmssaS*xqsVV
sLRiNRPLi[
@RVgRiV
@LiRxqsV[
1
xmsTDLiLRiV. sVLjiRVV yLjiNTP xqsRVLi
[RVgRi yTs Fss*Tds dsso
F~LiRso.

   


145. saRPRVLigS,

146. NSs Fss\lLi[, xmsaSyxmsxmsT,

RsVsV ysVV xqsLixqsLjiLiRVN]s,
@sV gRigS ssVVN]s RsV
RLSs (NTPs) ZNP[sLi @ N]LRiZNP[
xms[NTPLiRVNRPVLiL][,
@LiylLi[
saS*xqsV][ NRPzqssVzqs DLiLRiV.2
sVLjiRVV
R*LRi[s[
@
saS*xqsVLiRLjiNUP g]xms xmsxmnss


xmsryjLiRgRiRV.

  
 
   

147. dsVLRiV NRPXR\, saS*xqsV\







DLi[ @ sVsV suyLRiLigS
FsLiRVNRPV bPOTPQryRV? sVLjiRVV @





NRPXRRsV
AsWjLi[yRV,3





xqsLRi*RV.

_________

1. sLRiNRPLi[ @sNRPLi[ NTPLij @LiRxqsV @csRV @sRVRVLij.

2. sVLjiRVV G NRPxmssaS*zqs @LiVV[ xmsaSyxmsxmsT RssV ysV xqssLjiLiRVN]s @
(xqsV.y.)s[ gRigS saRP*zqsLi Rs NTP s ZNP[sLi @xy'AZNP[ xms[NTPLiRV
NRPVLi][ @yRV xqs*LiR Li[ saS*xqsV][ NRPzqs DLiRV.
3. uyNTPLRis (@tscxtsQNRPWLRiV): Approving or Rewarding or Forgiving much or largely.
@Li[ NRPXRRsV AsWjLi[, @LigkiNRPLjiLi[, ARLjiLi[, sVss[ yRV. Rs yxqsV
sVLi NSLSNRPV @sVRLigS xmsxmsn sV[ yRV. All-Appreciative, WgRiRsV
gRiVLjiL i[ yRV. RWRLiT, 2:158.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 6

219

148. (*) @yRWsNTP gRiVLji @LiVVs

 

 
 

 F E D C B A

yRV Rxms! RVsV zLRiLigRiLigS

xmsVNRPs @ Bxts QxmsRRV.1 sVLjiRVV  N M LKJ  I H G
@ xqsLRi*Li ss[yRV, xqsLRi*RV.

 Q P O
149. dsVLRiV s[VVsV zLRiLigRiLigS
zmsy [NPR yss yy!2 [NPR RVsV YXWVUTSR
ORPQsVLiy!
saRPRVLigS,
@
3

`_^]\[Z
sVsLi[ yRV, xqsLRi*xqssVLiR VRV.
150. saRPRVLigS, @sV sVLjiRVV
 d c b a
ARVs xmssNRP sV LRixqsLjiLi[ yLRiW
sVLjiRVV @ sVLjiRVV ARVs xmssNRP  h g f e
sVR [ R sLi RWxmsg][lLi[ yLRiW (@Li[
 l k j i
@sV
saRP*zqsLi,
xmssNRP sV
LRixqsLjiLi[ yLRiW) sVLjiRVV: ""s[VsVV  p o n m
N]LiRLRiV xmssNRP sV saRP*zqsrys VV, sVLji
N]LiRLjis LRixqsLjirys VV.'' @s @s[  u t s r q
yLRiW sVLjiRVV (saS*xqsc@saS*ryNRPV)

wv
sVR sWLSs NRPLiRg][lLi[ yLRiW c
151. BLi ylLi[ c sxqs=Li[xLigS
 |{ z y x
xqsRLRiryLRiVV. sVLjiRVV xqsR
LRiryLRiV
N]LRiNRPV
s[VsVV  ` _ ~ }
@ssWsNRPLRi\sVs bPORPQsV zqsRxmsLRi
a
DLiysVV.
1 . dsVLRiV sWsso[ G\y RVsV RW}qs yss BRLRiVNRPV xmsNRPLiRNRPLiT. NSs
GNSLiRLi[ yLjis [j LiRsNTP xmsRVLiRLiT.
2. INRPRV [zqss RV [NPR NUPRVNRPV c RsNRPV Ljigjis ysNTP c xqsLjixqssWsLigS xmsdNSLRiLi
dxqsVN][ssNTP xtsQLik RV`[ @sVsV DLij. NSds RsNRPV Ljigjis RV [NPR NUPRVsV
ORPQsVLiRLi FsNRPVsgS AsWjLiRTLij. ('xqs. sVVzqs Li, 'x.sLi. 4587). RWRLiT,
42:40.
3. @xmsn Qos*s (@c@xmsn Qoso*): Pardoning, sVsLi[, ORPQsVLi[ yRV. RWRLiT, 2:52
ysLi 2.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 6

220

 

152. sVLjiRVV

 
 

@sV sVLjiRVV
ARVs xmssNRP LiRLjids saRP*zqsxqsW, yLji  fe d c b
(xmssNRP ) sVR [ R yV RWxmss  k j i h g
yLjiNTP ARVs (@) yLji xmsxmsn s
RxmsNRP xmsryjLiRgRiRV. sVLjiRVV @
 p onm l
ORPQs WbdPVRV, @FyLRi NRPLRiVxmsyR.

ts r q
153. (J xmssNS!) gRiLiRxmsV ssV
ANSaRPLi sVLiT yLji\|ms INRP gRiLiys
@sRLjiLixms[RVsVs, @RVgRiVRVyLRis  y x w v u
(AaRPLRixmsRNRPV). yxqsysNTP, yLRiV
  ~}|    { z
sVWrysV BLiRNRPLi[ yLRiV\sVs yss
N][LRiVRW: ""@sV sWNRPV xmsRQORPQLigS     
RWzmsLiRV!'' @s @TgSLRiV. @xmsVRV
yLji RVLSLSsNTP xmnsRLigS yLji\|ms
   
1
zmsRVgRiV sLRiVRVNRPVxmsTLij. xqsxtsQ\sVs
   
xqsWRsV Lis RLRiVyRs[ yLRiV
AsoRWRsV (ALSRQ\sLigS) [xqsV
    
NRPVyLRiV. @LiVVy ysNTP s[VsVV yLjis
ORPQsVLiysVV. sVLjiRVV sVWryNRPV s[VsVV    
xqsxtsQ\sVs @jNSLRisVysVV.
154. sVLjiRVV s[VsVV yLji\|ms 'RWL`i 
 
xmsLRi*ys Fs xmssWLi dxqsVNRPVysVV.


s[VsVV yLji][: ""ryuyLigRixmsRVRW
   
(sLigRiVRW) y*LRiLi[ xmss[bPLiRLiT.''
@s @ysVV.2 sVLjiRVV: ""aRPsyLRixmso      
(xqs) aSxqsys DLizmnsVLiRNRPLiT.'' @s
     
NRPWy yLji][ @ysVV. sVLjiRVV s[VsVV
yLji][ RXR\sVs xmssWLi NRPWy
  
dxqsVNRPVysVV.3
1. RWRLiT, 2:55.
2. RWRLiT, 2:58c59.
3. RWRLiT, 'xqs'{ ' V'Lki, xmsoxqsNPR Lic4, 'xkqs" sLi. 615.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

155. NSs

gRiLi: 6

 

221

yLRiV ysVV [zqss

xmssWsV LigRiLi[R VLi ss
sVLjiRVV
@
xqsWNRPVsV
LRixqsLjiLiRLi ss sVLjiRVV xmssNRP sV
@yRVLigS RLixmsLi ss! sVLjiRVV:
""sW xXRRWV F~LRi][ NRPxmsT
DyLiVV.'' 1 @s @sLi ss (s[VsVV
yLjis bPOTPQLiysVV). @Li[NSRV, yLji
xqsRLRiryLRiLi ss, @ yLji
xXRRW\|ms sVVRs[zqs DyRV; NS
yLRiV saRP*zqsLiy N]LiR sWRs[V!
156. sVLjiRVV yLji xqsRLRiryLRiLi
ss sVLjiRVV yLRiV sVLRisV\|ms sWzmss
sV @xmssLiRss;2
157. sVLjiRVV yLRiV: ""saRPRVLigS, s[VsVV
@ VVNRP xqsLi[aPR x LiR VRV, sVLRisV
NRPVsWLRiV\s, 'Cry sV{qs' sV (GxqsVNUPxqsVs V)
RLiFysVV.'' @s @sLiRVNRPV.3 sVLjiRVV yLRiV
@Rss RLixmssW [R V sVLjiRVV bPVs\|ms
FsNTPLiRsW [R V, NSs, yLRiV sVNRPV
gRiVLji[R VyLRiV.4 saRPRVLigS CsxtsQR Ws
gRiVLjiLi @FyRV [ R Li Ds yLRiV kss
gRiVLjiLi xqsLiaRPRVgRixqsVQ\ DyLRiV. C sxtsQR VLi
gRiVLjiLi yLjiNTP sbPR sLi[R V. yLRiV ZNP[s Li
Ex s[ @sVxqsLjixqsVyLRiV. saRPRVLigS yLRiV
@Rss RLixms[R V.

 
 

D

C
B
A


I

H
G
F
E

O
NM

L
K
J

T
S
R
Q
P

X

W

V
U

\
[
Z
Y

_

^
]





d
c
b
a
`


j
i
h
g
f
e

q
po

n
m
l
k

xw

v
u
t
s
r

_
~
}
|
{
z
y

e

d
c
b
a`

1. RWRLiT, 2:88.
2. @Li[ RVWxqsVmsn sL`i @s[ sQQNPT ][ AsV (sVLRisV) xqsLiLiR sVVLiRs RVWRVV sWzmss
@xmssLiR.
3. RWRLiT, 3:55.
4. @Li[ 'Cry sV{qs'(GxqsV NUPxqsV)s[ NRPszmsLis sVL]NRP sQQNPT s zqsVs|\ ms FsNTPLiyLRiV.
([V VL`iAs)

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 6

222

 

 
 

158. yxqsysNTP, @ @Rss

('CrysV)
Rs
1
FsRVNRPVyRV.
sVLjiRVV
xqsLRi*aRPNTP
xqsLixmssVRV,
ss[NRPsLiRVRV.

\sxmsosNRPV
m
l
k
ji

h
g
f
@



o

n
sV

159. sVLjiRVV gRiLiR xms[ FssRV

NRPWy @Rss ('CrysV), @Rs
sVLRisNTP xmspLRi*Li2 (@RsV, @
VVNRP xqsLi[aRPxLRiVRV sVLjiRVV INRP
sWssoRs), saRP*zqsLiRNRPVLiy DLiRRV.
sVLjiRVV xmsosLRiVysjssVVs @RsV
('Cry) yLji\|ms ryOTPQgS DLiRV.3

t
s
r
q
p

z
yx

w
v
u

~
}
|
{



1. RWRLiT, 3:55. @ (xqsV.y.), 'Cry('@.xqs.)sV xqssosgS, @Rs aRPLkiLRiLi][ xqs,

\|msNTP [xmsoNRPVyRV. xmsosLRiVysjysNTP RgiR Lji L][[, 'Cry('@.xqs.) RsVtsQ
(Damascus)[ RWLRiVjNRPV sVyLRi RgiR LRi xmsn ssW' @sV`
xqssVRVLi[ ANSaRPLi sVLiT WsV\|msNTP xmsLixmsRVyLRiV. @RsV xmsLijs RLixmsoyLRiV,
zqsVssV sLji[ryLiR V, 'RWsV ]gjiryLiR V. xmsLiRLRiW sVVzqs LisoyLRiV. RsV
@Rs[ xqsLixLjiryLRiV. RW sWV NRPWy @Rs FyLiR s sss[ RLixmsRVyLRiV.
C \|ms sxtsQR Wds xmssVV 'xkqs" D [ NRPVV zmsss[. yLji[ @Wx\lLiLS,
'@V scsVqs'E`, 'Drys sc@d @c'Aqs, @W DsWsV, sy*qs
scxqssV'As sVLjiRVV @V sc'DsVLRiW s @c'Aqs (LRi'j.'@>sVsV) sVVR\ s
yLRiVyLRiV. dss LisyLji[ V'Lji, sVVzqs Li sVLjiRVV BRLRi FsLi][ sVLij
'xkqs"s[R V DyLRiV. (BcNRP{qs"L`i)
2 . BNRPR 'Cry ('@.xqs.) VVNRP sVLRiLi @Li[, @RsV sVLRi WsV dsVjNTP
xmsosLRiVysjysNTP RgiR Lji L][[ xmsLixmsT, \|mss ssLjiLis sxtsQR Wds Ljigji, @Rs
xqsx sVLRisNTP sVVLiRV, @s @LiR Li. (sVV'xsV` ygRiT )
ks sVL]NRP yRLRiLi[: ""A RVWRVs [NPR \ZNPQQxqssos sVLRixqssVRVLi[ @Li[, AR
(FyLi) d}qs \sRWR ssxmsVRV @RRV (A RVWRVRV [NPR Z\ NPQQxqss oRV): 'Cry
('@.xqs.), @ (xqsV.y.) VVNRP yxqsVRV sVLjiRVV ARVs xqsLi[aPR xLRiVRV @s
saRP*zqsryR V. NSds A saS*xqsLi @RsNTP xmsWsNRPLRiLi NSRV.'' @s, ysLiyLRiV.
3. C ryORPQ Li 'Cry ('@.xqs.)sV, @ (xqsV.y.) xqssosgS Rs\ sxmsosNRPV [xmsoN]sNRP
sVVLiR sxtsQR WgRiVLjiLi DLiVLij. RWRLiT, 5:117, (sVV'xsV` ygRiT ).

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

160. RVWRVNRPV

gRiLi: 6

223

yLRiV [zqss
|mnsWLRi RVLSLSNRPV xmnsRLigSsW
sVLjiRVV yLRiV, @s[NRPVsV @
sWLRiLiQ\|ms sRVsNRPVLiy ALiNRPxmsLRiVxqsW
DsLiRV
sssW,
s[VsVV
RLRixqssVR\sVs @s[NRP xmsLjiaRPVR
sxqsVsosV yLjiNTP s}tsQjLiysVV;1
161. sVLjiRVV yxqsysNTP, yLjiNTP
s}tsQjLixmsTy;
yLRiV
sUs
dxqsVN][sLi sssW sVLjiRVV yLRiV
@RLRiLigS BRLRiV r~sVVsV sLi
sssW.
sVLjiRVV
yLji[
@saS*xqsV\s yLji N]LRiNRPV s[VsVV
yNRPLRi\sVs
bPORPQsV
zqsRxmsLRi
DLiysVV.
162. NSs yLji[ xmsLjixmspLRiQ\sVs
sLi gRiyLRiV sVLjiRVV saS*xqsV\s
yLRiV,2 ds\|ms @sRLjiLixms[RVTs
yss sVLjiRVV dsNRPV xmspLRi*Li
@sRLjiLixms[RVTs
ys
saRP*zqsryLRiV. yLRiV ssW' sjgS
xqsVxmsoyLRiV, sjysLi ('NS`)
ryLRiV sVLjiRVV @ RVLiRV
sVLjiRVV @LisV jssVVsLiRV
saS*xqsLi NRPgji DLiLRiV; BLi


yLjiNTP s[VsVV g]xms xmsxmnss
xmsryjrysVV. (1/8)

 

 
 

1. RWRLiT, 6:146 sVLjiRVV 3: 93.

2 . BNRPR xqsWLiRTs yLRiV '@V scxqssV sVLjiRVV BRLRi RVWRVV
(LRi'j.'@>s VsV), Fss\lLi[ BryLi {qs*NRPLjiLiyL][!

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 6

224

 

 
 

163. * (J xmssNS!) saRPRVLigS, GFEDCBA

s[VsVV sW'NRPV sVLjiRVV @Rs RLS*R
ss xmssNRPNRPV xqsLi[aRPLi (s'{) MLKJIH
xmsLizmssV, dsNRPV NRPWy xqsLi[aRPLi
PON
xmsLiFysVV. sVLjiRVV s[VsVV B{sV,
Bry'LiVW, Bqs', RV'@WNRPV
sVLjiRVV @Rs xqsLiR yLjiNTP sVLjiRVV SRQ
'Cry, @RVW, RVWsVqs, LRiWs WVUT
sVLjiRVV
xqsV\sWsNRPV
NRPWy
jssLi (s'{) xmsLiFysVV.1 sVLjiRVV ]\[ZYX
s[VsVV ysp`NRPV 'WL`i 2 gRiLiys
 
xmsryjLiysVV.
 a ` _ ^
164. sVLjiRVV yxqssLigS, s[VsVV
xmsLizmss xmssNRP[ N]LiRLji gSRsV dsNRPV  f e d c b
FysVV sVLjiRVV BRLRi xmssNRPsV
 k j i hg
gRiVLjiLi s[VsVV dsNRPV Vxms[RV.3
sVLjiRVV @ sVWry][ s[LRiVgS
 ml
sWyRV.
1. B '@qs (LRi'j.'@.) NRPRsLi: ""N]LiRLRiV (RVWRVV) sVWry ('@.xqs.) RLRiVyR
FssLji\|ms NRPWy jssLi (s'{) @sRLjiLixms[R VR[R V.'' @s @yLRiV. ysNTP
xqssWysLigS C ARV` @sRLjiLixms[R VTLij. (BcNRP{qs"L`i)
2. 'WL`i (NUPLRi s V / Psalms): ysp` ('@.xqs.)NRPV Bs*Ts gRiLiRLi.
3. VL`iAs[ }msL]sTs xmssNRP V ZNP[s Li 25 sVLij sWRs[V. yLRiV:1) ARsV, 2) Bkqs,
3) sW', 4) x`, 5) 'ry', 6) B{sV, 7) W'`, 8) Bry'C, 9) Bqs',
10) RV'@W, 11) RVWxqsVmsn , 12) @RVW, 13) RVWsVqs, 14) xtsv'H, 15) sVWry,
16) LRiWs, 17) Bqs, 18) @-cRVxqs'@, 19) "-cNTPmns, 20) ysp`, 21)
xqsV\sWs, 22) "NRPLjiRW, 23) RV', 24)'Cry sVLjiRVV 25) sVV'xsV`
'xqsyRVz s xqssVVx '@\z s '@\zsV @'Cs. BNRP sVVRL i FsLiRsVLij
xmssNRP V syL][ @xy'AZNP[ VxqsV. sVV'xsV` ('xqs'@xqs) RLRiVyR sWRLi
G xmssNRP LSRV. Fss\y ysV xmssNRP s s xmsNRPLiRVNRPVy, @RRW, @Rss
@sVxqsLjiLi[ yLRiW sVLjiRVV @Li yss xmssNRP @s ss[VyLRiW @LiRLRiW
@xqsRyRV[! @Li yLRiV sVVzqsLiV NSLRiV. Dy: LiVWV, dsVLSLiVWV,
jRWdsV sVVR\syLRiV.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 6

225

 

 
 

165. (s[VsVV) xmssNRPsV aRPVyLRiV

B[yLjigS sVLjiRVV |RLjiNRPV [}qs  q p o n

yLjigS xmsLiFysVV.1 xmssNRP (AgRisVsLi)  w v u t s r
RLRiVyR, @NRPV xmsNRPWLigS
yjLiRsNTP, xmsNRPV G ryNRPW  } | { z yx
sVgRiNRPWRRs!2 sVLjiRVV @
 ~
xqsLRi*aRPNTPsVLiRVRV, sV ss[RyxmsLRiVRV.
166. NSs (JxmssNS!) @ ds\|ms
 c b a ` _
@sRLjiLixms[zqss ysNTP (VL`iAsVNRPV)
ryORPQ sVxqsVyRV. ARVs yss Rs
 h gf ed
sLi][ @sRLjiLixms[aSRV. sVLjiRVV
[sRWRV NRPWy ksNTP ryORPQ  m l kji
sVxqsVyLRiV. sVLjiRVV DRsV ryOTPQgS
@[V yV.
 on
167. saRPRVLigS, Fss\lLi[ xqsR
 t s r q p
LRiryLRiV\, BRLRiVsV @ sWLRiLi
Q\sxmsoNRPV
LSNRPVLiy
sL][jxqsVyL][
 y x w v u
yxqsysNTP yLRiV sWLRiQxtsv\, sWLRi
 { z
QxtsQR*Li[ yRWLRiLi sFRWLRiV!
168. saRPRVLigS Fss\lLi[ xqsR
      ~ } |
LRiryLRiV\, @NRPsWsNTP FyRyL][,
yLjis @ G sWRsVW ORPQsVLiRRW
    
sVLjiRVV yLjiNTP VVsWLRiLi \sxmsosNRPV
 
sWLRiRLRi+NRPR*sVW [RVRV.
 
169. yLjiNTP ZNP[sLi sLRiNRPsWLRiLi
     
sWRs[V RWxmsoyRV. @LiRV[ yLRiV
aSaRP*RLigS NRPNSLi DLiLRiV. sVLjiRVV     
Bj @NRPV FsLi][ xqsVLi.
1. saS*xqsVNRPV xqs*LiR xmso aRPV yLRi ss*sNTP sVLjiRVV @saS*xqsVNRPV sLRiNSs gRiVLjiLi
|RLjiLiRsNTP.
2. RWRLiT, 20:134.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 6

226

 

 
 

170. J sWssoLS! yxqssLigS dsV

   
xmsVso RLRixmnsQosVLiT, xqsys dxqsVN]s
dsV sRNRPV C xqsLi[aRPxLRiVRV s
   
soyRV, NSsos @Rs dsVR saS*xqsLi
NRPgji DLiRLiT, B[ dsVNRPV s[V\sj.
   
sVLjiRVV dsVLRiV gRisNRP LRixqsLji}qs!
saRPRVLigS
WsWNSaS[     
DsRLiy @ZNP[ LijsRs
   
VxqsVN][LiT.1
sVLjiRVV
@

xqsLRi*RV, sV ss[RyxmsLRiVRV.
171. J gRiLiRxmsLS! dsVLRiV dsV
D
C
B
A
RLRisxtsQRVLi[
xRVV
dsVLji
2
xmssLjiLiRNRPLiT. sVLjiRVV @sV
I

H
G
F
E
gRiVLjiLi xqsRLi Rxms s[lLi[sW

O
N
ML

K
J
xmsVNRPNRPLiT. saRPRVLigS sVLRisV
NRPVsWLRiV\s 'Cry sV{qs' (GxqsV

T

S
R
Q
P
NUPxqsV), @ VVNRP xqsLi[aRPxLRiVRV
sVLjiRVV ARVs (@) sVLRisV
X
W
V
U
\sxmsosNRPV xmsLizmss, ARVs (@)
3
VVNRP A (NRPsV) sVLjiRVV ARVs
_
^

]
\
[Z

Y
(@) RLRixmnsQosVLiT ss INRP

e
d
cb

a
`
AR (LRiW'). NSsos dsVLRiV
@sV sVLjiRVV ARVs xmssNRPsV

l
k



j
i

h
gf
saRP*zqsLiRLiT. sVLjiRVV (ALSR
1. RWRLiT, 14:8.
2. 'gRiVVso*s: @Li[ @gS xmssLjiL iRLi. @Li[ BNRPR Z\ NPQQxqss oV 'Cry('@.xqs.)NRPV
sVLjiRVV @Rs RNTP @LigRis rysLi. yLRiV A BRLjiNTP \ sR*xmso rysLi @LigRi yLjis
ALSj LiRrygSLRiV. RWRLiT, 9:31.
3. NRPsVRV: @ (xqsV.y.) VVNRP sW, xmsRLi, xqsLiZNP[R Li, DRL iR Vso
[NPR A. @Li[ @xy'A G\y [R VRVRVNRPVLi[ yss: ""@LiVVF'' (NRPVs)!
@s A BryR V. @Li[ @j @LiVVFRVLij (xmsn RVNRPWs). RWRLiT, 3:45.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 6

227

 

 
 

\yV): ""sVVgRiVLRiV!'' @s @sNRPLiT.1

@j sWsVN][LiT, dsVZNP[ s[V\sj!
rq

p
o
n

m


saRPRVLigS,
@
INRP[

x
w

vu

t
s
ALSR\sLi. ARVsNRPV N]RVNRPV
DyRs[
sxtsQRWsNTP
ARVs
}
|
{
zy
@dRVRV. ANSaS[ DsRLiy
sVLjiRVV
WsV[
DsRLiy


~



ARVsZNP[ LiRVRVLij. sVLjiRVV
NSLRiNRPLRigS @ sWRs[V yV.

b
a
`
_
172. ysV, @NRPV yxqsVRss[
g
f
e
d
c
sxtsQRWs sV{qs' (NUPxqsV) FssRW
D}msOTPQLiR [RV. sVLjiRVV ARVs

l
k
j
ih
(@)NRPV
xqsszRLigS
DLi[
[sRWRV NRPWysV. sVLjiRVV FssLRiV
o
n
m
ARVs (@) yrys D}msOTPQLi,


r

q
p
gRiLRi*Li xmsRLji+ryL][ yLRiLiRLjids ARVs
RssVVLiRV xqssWs[aRPxmsLRiVryRV.

v
u
t
s

173. NSds,
Fss\lLi[ saRP*zqsLi

y
x
w
xqsyLSV [ryL][, yLjiNTP ARVs yLji
xmsxmnss
xmspLjigS
xmsryjryRV

~
}|

{
z
sVLjiRVV Rs @sVgRixLi][ sVLjiLiR
@jNRPLigS BryRV. BNRP ARVssV



sLSNRPLjiLi, gRiLRi*Li szLi[ yLjiNTP





yNRPLRi\sVs bPORPQ sjryRV2 sVLjiRVV
yLRiV RsVN]LRiNRPV c @ Rxms c BRLRi







LRiOTPQLi[yTs gSds, xqsRVxms[ yTs





gSds F~LiR[LRiV.
1. Z\ NPQQxqss o[ N]LiRLRiV 'Cry('@.xqs.) xqs*RVLigS [s o[ @LiLRiV. sVLjiN]LiRLRiV
@Rss [s os NRPVsWLRiVRV @LiLRiV. BLiNS N]LiRLRiV sVVgiR VLRiV \ yVyLRiLiLRiV.
A sVVgiR VLRiV @ (xqsV.y.), d sVLjiRVV 'Cry ('@\zsV xqs.) @s
@LiLRiV. Bj sWsVN]sLiRs @xy'A AzmsxqsVyRV.
2. RWRLiT, 40:60.

4. xqsWLRi @s-sry@"

gRiLi: 6

228

 

 
 

174. J sWssoLS! dsV xmsVso

sVLiT dsVNRPV xqsxtsQ\sVs sRLRi+sLi

sLij. sVLjiRVV s[VsVV dsV\|ms





xqsxtsQ\sVs [s (C VL`iAssV)
@sRLjiLixms[aSsVV.



175. NSsos FssLRiV @sV






saRP*zqsLi,
ARVss[
RXRLigS
ssVVNRPVLiL][, yLjis ARVs Rs




NSLRiVsNTP sVLjiRVV @sVgRisNTP
FyRVVgS [xqsVN]s RssRNRPV [lLi[





VVsWLRiLi \sxmsosNRPV sWLRiRLRi+NRPR*Li





[ryRV.



176. yLRiV ssV, (NRPsV) gRiVLjiLi
E
D
C
B
A

yLjiNRP aSxqssLi (xmnsy*) @RVgRiVRVyLRiV.

@ dsVNRPV, NRPsV1 gRiVLjiLi, C
M
L
K
J
I
H
GF
sRLigS yLjiNRP aSxqssLi BxqsVyRs
TS

R
Q
P
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xmsV: ""INRP xmsoLRiVxtsvRV sVLRiLi,
@RsNTP xqsLiysLi [NRPVLiy INRP rRLji2
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1. NRP @Li[ xqsW (LRiNRP) xqsLiLik NRPVV [s sVXRVRV @Li[ RLiT gSds, NRPVsWLRiVRV
gSds [s sVXRVRV. N]RVNRPV [s xmsORPQLi[ N]RVNRPV N]RVNRPV(V) xqsW yLRixqsVVgS
xmsLjigRiLixmsRyLRiV. (B'@, BcNRP{qs"L`i).
NRPVsWLRiVRV INRP[ Dy xmspLji AzqsNPT yLRixqsVRV. sVLjiRVV RLiT INRP[ Dy @RsV
NRPWy xmspLji AzqsNTP yLRixqsVRV. @xmsVRV sVXRVs rRLRi rRLkisVVNRPV xNRPV DLiRRV.
NSs LRi [NPR LRi sVLjiRVV R DLi[ yLji gRiLi yLjiNTP Bs RLRiVyR.
NRPVsWlLi sVLjiRVV rRLki DLi[, NRPVsWlLiNRPV xqsgRiLi, rRLjiNTP xqsgRiLi.
rRLRiVRV INRP[ DLi[ @RRV Rs rRLji xmspLji AzqsNPT yLRixqsV_yRV. NSs sVXRVLSV
LRi DLi[ @Rs gRiLi B sVgRiy AzqsNPT rRLRiVRV yLRixqsV_yRV.
2. rRLki @Li[ BNRPR r~LiR @sgS, RcRLiT BLRiVsoLji sVLiT, [NPR ZNP[s Li RLiT
sVLiT gSds DLi[ AsVNRPV @RsV sjs Azqs[ xqsgRiLi gRiLi DLiVLij. BLiNS
RWRLiT, 4:12, @NRPR B'@, @FyRVLi GsVLi[, @NRPR ZNP[s Li R \ sxmso
sVLiT (@LiR ) rRLRi rRLkisVV sxtsQR VLi xmsTLij. FsNRPVs ssLSN]LRiNRPV
R LRis[R ( xmsn Qo)sV xqsLixmsjLiRLiT.

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gRiLi: 6

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sWRs[V DLi[, @RRV sTs Azqs[

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AsVNRPV xqsgRiLi y xqsVLij. zmsV
[NRP RsFLiVVs rRLji sVVRLi AzqsNTP,
@RRV (AsV s rRLRiVRV)

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yLRixqsVRsoyRV. @RsNTP (sVXRVsNTP)

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BRLRiV rRLkisVVV DLi[, yLjiRLjiNUP
@RRV sRs Azqs[ sVWTLi lLiLiRV

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sLiRV gRiLi xqsVLij. INRPs[ rRLRi
rRLkisVVV (@s[NRPVVLi[) xms
xmsoLRiVxtsvsNTP BRLRiV {qsQ gSsNTP
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xqssWsLigS y xqsVLij. dsVLRiV yLji

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RxmsNRPVLiy DLiRsNTP @ dsVNRPV
@Liy xqsxtsQLigS VxmsoRVyRV.
sVLjiRVV @NRPV xms sxtsQRVLi
gRiVLjiLi gS VxqsV.''(1/4)
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