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Racial profiling is a law enforcement and security agency practice that encourages officers to stop, search, and investigate

people based on race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion. (Quezzaire and DiLascio, 2011, p1) The use of racial profiling is made complicated by conflicting studies and reports. Different studies from different organizations and governments give us conflicting stories of how policing is being done. While some reports, such as a recent report by the U.S. Department of Justice, tell us that different ethnicities in America are stopped at about the same rates, (Durose and Eith, p28-4) British police-collected data states that blacks are stopped as much as 9 times more often than whites. (Quezzaire and DiLascio,
2011, p1)

Other studies in the United States, as well as studies in Canada, report similar findings, although these studies

were not based upon data generated by police departments.(Quezzaire and DiLascio, 2011, p1).

Many drug-related crimes are statistically associated with black and Latino populations. Several studies have determined that statistics such as these are influenced because of racial profiling by police that whites are just as likely to commit drug-related crimes.(Witherbee and Montanez-Muhinda, 2011, p2-2) This, however, seems questionable since previously stated, the Bureau of Justice Statistics recently reported that blacks and whites are now stopped on highways at about the same rate as whites.

After 9/11, Muslims and South Asians complained of greater scrutiny by airport security. While security agencies did not dismiss the allegations that they placed these groups of people under great scrutiny, they insisted that this did not amount to racial profiling. Instead, they described their actions as solid investigative practice in response to the attacks as they were searching specifically for Muslim terrorism suspects.(Quezzaire and DiLascio, 2011, p1-1) This practice by security agents might not be the best solution. There are approximately 2 million Muslims in the U.S. and hundreds of millions of Muslims worldwide. In addition to this, 30% of Muslims are converts. Although many terrorist organizations tend to recruit from ethnic groups, this is not always the case. An example of this is John Walker Lindell, a Caucasian, American born supporter of al-Qaeda.

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