INTRODUCTION

VISUAL FUNCTION :
MOST USED SENSORIC FUNCTION

VISUAL LOSS :
ACTIVITY / QUALITY OF LIFE LIMITATION

PREVENTION & ACCURATE THERAPHY

EXAMINATION
HISTORY TAKING

COMPLETE & DETAILED HISTORY :

TIME LOCATION ACTIVITY EYE PROTECTION DEVICES CAUSE / MECHANISM

EYE EXAMINATION
VISUAL ACUITY VISUAL FUNCTION SNELLEN CHART, CHART, COUNTING FINGERS, HAND MOVEMENT, LIGHT PERCEPTION DISTANT PAPERS/MAGAZINES NEAR

 ONE BY ONE SWOLLEN LIFT THE EYELID CAREFULLY WITHOUT PRESSING THE EYEBALL

RANGE OF VISION LOSS (WHO 1974)

Normal Vn (N & near N) 5/3 - 5/6 ~ 5/7.5 - 5/15 Low Vn 5/20 - 5/40 ~ 5/50 - 1/60 Blindness (Near Blindness) 1/60 - 3/60 Total Blindness NLP

EXTERNAL EXAMINATION
EYEBALL MOVEMENT

EYELID
TORCH LIGHT+ BINOCULAR LIGHT+ LOUPE LACERATION DEPTH, AREA, AVULSION & LACRIMAL APP. GLASS/FOREIGN BODY EVERSION OF THE EYELID AREA PALPATION # ORBITA/NASAL HEMATOMA, SWELLING DRAWING FOR EYELID RECONSTRUCTION

CONJUNCTIVA
TORCH LIGHT / SLIT LAMP BIOMICROSCOPY CONJUNCTIVAL / CILIARY INJECTION SUB CONJUNCTIVAL BLEEDING/CHEMOSIS SMALL POSSIBILITY FOR PENETRATING WOUND LOCAL CHEMOSIS IOFB/SCLERAL RUPTURE

CORNEA
TORCH LIGHT / SLIT LAMP BIOMICROSCOPY DETERMINE IOFB/ABRATION/WOUND (PERFORATION/NOT) AVULSION SHAPE & AREA OF PROLAPS LIMBAL POSSIBILITY EXTENT TO THE SCLERA SURGERY + EXPLORATION CORNEAL INFILTRATES / ULCER OEDEMA SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM WOUND & POSITION SURGERY

ANTERIOR CHAMBER (AC)

DEPTH
TORCH LIGHT / SLIT LAMP BIOMICROSCOPY SHALLOW CHOROIDAL HAEMORRHAGE / DETACHMENT, PERFORATING WOUND, ANTERIOR LUXATION OF THE LENS DEEP POSTERIOR LUXATION OF THE LENS

HYPHAEMA
SEVERE BLOOD CLOT BLACK BALL SECONDARY FEW DAYS AFTER TRAUMA 7% GLAUCOMA IN THE NEXT YEARS

LIGHT

IRIS
IRIDODIALISA IRIS SPHINCTER RUPTURE FOREIGN BODY PROLAPSED IRIS

PUPIL
SIZE, SHAPE, SYMMETRIC, LIGHT REFLEX BLUNT TRAUMA PUPIL DILATED CONNECTION INTRACRANIAL DAMAGE ANISOCHOR PUPIL

MARCUS GUNN SWINGING FLASHLIGHT TEST

LENS
LENS OPACITIES (CATARACT), (CATARACT), ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR CAPSULE RUPTURE POSITION SUB-LUXATED/ DISLOCATED SUB PERFORATING TRAUMA ANTERIOR CAPSULE RUPTURE + INTRA LENTICULAR FOREIGN BODY

INTRA OCULAR PRESSURE

PALPATION :
NORMAL : CONSISTENCY OF NOSE LOW : CONSISTENCY OF LIPS PERFORATING WOUND / SCLERAL RUPTURE HIGH : ACUTE GLAUCOMA ATTACK

TONOMETER
SCHIOTZ GOLDMAN NON CONTACT

FUNDUSCOPY
POSTERIOR SEGMENT EXAMINATION
RETINAL RUPTURE RETINAL DETACHMENT HEMORRHAGE VASCULAR OCCLUSSION

TRAUMA
INDUSTRY

>>, >>, HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES

PRODUCTIVE AGE

TRAUMA

BLIND

TRAUMA
MECHANICAL : - CLOSED EYEBALL - OPEN EYEBALL CHEMICAL : - BASE - ACID THERMAL RADIATION

MECHANICAL TRAUMA
CLOSED EYEBALL OPEN EYEBALL

CONTUSIO

LAMELLAR LACERATION

LACERATION

RUPTURE

PENETRATION

IOFB

RUPTURE