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Excitation transformer is nothing but the source or minimum energy given to generator to generate voltage.

You may be knowing the principle of generator it convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. For this conversion it need magnetic flux lines which get cut by generator coil and produce EMF. To produce this magnetic flux excitation transformer is used. This transformer will have primary as fixed and secondary as rotating in nature.

A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. A voltage regulator may be a simple "feed-forward" design or may include negative feedback control loops. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages. Ideal power supply is an electronic circuit designed to provide a predetermined DC Voltage Vo which is independent of current IL drawn from Vo of the temperature and of any variations in the ac voltage.

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