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Fourth Generation Mobile Systems
Fourth Generation Mobile Systems
4G
Prof. dr Zoran Bojkovic
designed primarily to offer speech with a limited capability to offer data at low rates.
n Third Generation (3G) mobile systems are expected
to offer high-quality multi-media services and operate in different environments. 3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000) worldwide.
1G
1970 1984
2G
1980 1991
2,5 G
1985 1999
3G
1990 2002
4G
2000 2010?
Analog voice
Higher capacity, Higher capacity, Higher capacity, Digital voice, packetized data, broadband data completely IP, SMS MMS multimedia WCDMA, CDMA2000 2 Mbps CDMA packet network Single standard
AMPS, TACS, TDMA, CDMA, GPRS, EDGE, NMT GSM, PDC 1.9 kbps FDMA 14.4 kbps 384 kbps
PSTN
PSTN
Broadcast
Information Distribution Services News Weather forecast Traffic information Mobile Radio
Internet Access
Database Access Video Catalog shopping Video on demand -Sports -News -Movies ISDN Karaoke
WWW e-mail
Electronic Newspaper Voice Mail Electronic Publishing
64K
32K 16K
Telephone Conference
pager
9.6K
Telephone
2.4K 1.2K
Electronic Mail
FAX
Symmetric
Asymmetric
Multicast
Point to Point
Multi Point
Convergence of High Speed Internet & Mobility a Major Driver of Future Wireless
The Wireless Industry has grown at enormous pace over the past decade. More than a billion subscribers to cellular services are enjoying the benefits of staying connected while on the move. With the growth in Internet, a wide range of services are accessed by users through a wired infrastructure. The introduction of mobile Internet brought about by the convergence of Mobile & Internet technologies is the future objective.
Limitations of 3G
Difficulty of CDMA to provide higher data rates Need for continuously increasing data rate and bandwidth to meet the multimedia requirements Limitation of spectrum and its allocation Inability to roam between different services To provide a seamless transport end-to-end mechanism To introduce a better system with reduces cost
4G Concept The user has freedom and flexibility to select any desired service with reasonable QoS and affordable price, anytime, anywhere.
Design Objectives
Next Generation will also have specifically needs to resolve its own multiple issues
Heterogeneous networks Access, handover Location coordination, resource coordination Adding new users Support for multicasting QoS, wireless security and authentication Network failure backup Pricing and billing
Satellite FES
Heterogeneous Networks
Billing SIP Proxy Server Signalling Gateway ISP
Internet
Wireless LANs
Network Selection
Most Appropriate Network Selection Criteria
Challenges: Service Type - Data rate - QoS Available Resources User Context - Environment (When and Where) - Mobility - User preferences
Technologies
Convergence/integration/inter-working of all existing and emerging fixed and mobile (wired and wireless) networks including broadcast Simple to select and easy to use desired services Universal and low cost terminals
IP Technology
Quality of Service
Traffic generated by the different services will not only increase traffic loads on the networks, but will also require different quality of service (QoS) requirements (e.g., cell loss rate, delay, and jitter) for different streams (e.g., video, voice, data). Providing QoS guarantees in 4G networks is a non-trivial issue where both QoS signaling across different networks and service differentiation between mobile flows will have to be addressed.
Quality of Service
One of the most difficult problems that are to be solved, when it comes to IP mobility, is how to insure the constant QoS level during the handover. Depending on whether the new access router is in the same or some other subnetwork, we recognize the horizontal and vertical handover.
Quality of Service
V E R T I C A L H A N D O V E R
Global layer Regional layer National layer Local area layer Personal network layer
DAB and DVB-T
Satellite
However, the mobile terminal can not receive IP packets while the process of handover is finished. This time is called the handover latency. Handover latency has a great influence on the flow of multimedia applications in real-time. Mobile IPv6 have been proposed to reduce the handover latency and the number of lost packets. The field Traffic Class and Flow Label in IPv6 header enables the routers to secure the special QoS for specific packet series with marked priority.
2G, 3G Cellular
Wireless LANs
Wireless PANs
HORIZONTAL HANDOVER
Security
The heterogeneity of wireless networks complicates the security issue. Dynamic reconfigurable, adaptive, and lightweight security mechanisms should be developed. Security in wireless networks mainly involves authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and authorization for the access of network connectivity and QoS resources for the mobile nodes flow. AAA (Authentication Authorization Auditing) protocols provide a framework for such suffered especially for control plane functions and installing security policies in the mobile node such as encryption, decryption and filtering.
Convergence Benefits
n Broadcasters will benefit from the use of cellular mobile
systems to adapt the content of their multi-media services more rapidly in response to the feedback from customers.
n Cellular operators will benefit from offering their
multipoint broadcasting systems. That is, a broadband downlink based on DAB/DVB-T and a narrowband uplink based on 3G cellular systems. From the cellular mobile operator point of view
n Providing a complementary broadband downlink in
Re-configurable Technology
In order to use the large variety of services and wireless networks, multimode user terminals are essential as they can adapt to different wireless networks by reconfiguring themselves. This eliminates the need to use multiple terminals (or multiple hardware components in a terminal). The most promising way of implementing multimode user terminals is to adopt the software radio approach.
Re-configurable Technology
Challenges: Regulatory and Standardisation issues Business models User preference profiles Inter-system handover mechanisms and criteria Software download mechanisms Flexible spectrum allocation and sharing between operators
Re-configurable Technology
Benefits for Users
- Select network depending on service requirements and cost. - Connect to any network Worldwide roaming. - Access to new services.
Personal Mobility
In addition to terminal mobility, personal mobility is a concern in mobility management. Personal mobility concentrates on the movement of users instead of users terminals, and involves the provision of personal communications and personalized operating environments. Once the callers agent identifies users location, the callers agent can directly communicate with his agent.
Operators
- Respond to variations in traffic demand (load balancing). - Incorporate service enhancements and improvements. - Correction of software bugs and upgrade of terminals. - Rapid development of new personalised and customised services. services.
Manufacturers
- Single platform for all markets. - Increased flexible and efficient production.
Personal Mobility
Applications
Virtual Presence: This means that 4G provides user services at all times, even if the user is off-site. Virtual navigation: 4G provides users with virtual navigation through which a user can access a database of the streets, buildings etc. Tele-geoprocessing applications: This is a combination of GIS (Geographical Information System) and GPS (Global Positioning System) in which a user can get the location by querying.
Applications
Tele-Medicine and Educaton: 4G will support remote health monitoring of patients. For people who are interested in life long education, 4G provides a good opportunity. Crisis management: Natural disasters can cause break down in communication systems. In todays world it might take days or 7 weeks to restore the system. But in 4G it is expected to restore such crisis issues in a few hours.
It is challenging to formulate one single billing method that covers all the billing schemes involved.
CONCLUSION
As the history of mobile communications shows, attempts have been made to reduce a number of technologies to a single global standard. 4G seems to be a very promising generation of wireless communication that will change the peoples life in the wireless world. 4G is expected to be launched by 2010 and the world is looking forward for the most intelligent technology that would connect the entire globe.