Assalamu alaikum.

Alhamdu lillah, we have finally completed the version (Dated: 17

th
December 2010) of this
work that provides you with charts on Rules of Tajweed. We dont claim to be an expert in this area but we have
tried our best to develop this tajweed material by referring to few books. We believe that this material would be
useful to those who are teaching Tajweed. Also, this can be used as a reference material. In order to develop this
material, we have referred to the following books:
1. Moulana Muhammad Ibrahim Sahib Baaqavi, Hidayathus sifyan fi tajweedil Quran, Haadi Publishers,
Chennai, India. [In Tamil]
2. Dr. Abdul-majid Khan, Tajwid: The art of recitation of the Holy Quran, Urdu Academy Sind, Karachi,
Pakistan. [In English]
3 .

, , Dar Ibn Hajam, Beirut, Lebanon. [In Arabic]

4. Umm Muhammad, A Brief Introduction to Tajweed, Abul-Qasim Publishing House, Jeddah. [In English]
We ask Allah to forgive our shortcomings and accept our efforts. Please provide us with suggestions and/or
comments for further improvement. We acknowledge the help of many brothers and sisters in the preparation of
this document. May Allah reward them all, aameen. If you face font problems, please dont hesitate to contact us
through our email.
Please remember us and our parents in your prayers.
Contact Email: mibuhari@yahoo.com OR mibuhari@gmail.com
Contact Address:
M.I. Seyed Mohamed Buhari,
24-E, Mohideen Street,
Kayalpatnam 628 204.
Tamil Nadu. INDIA.
TAJWEED RULES
PREFACE
1

RULES OF TAJWEED

RULES OF
STOPPING

PUNCTUATION
MARKS

STOPPING AND
INITIATION

MOLAR
TONGUE

PALATAL
CONSONANTS

UVULAR
CONSONANTS

PHARYNGEAL
(THROAT)
CONSONANTS

NASAL CAVITY
(NASALIZATION)

LABIAL (LIP)
CONSONANTS

INTER-DENTAL

ALVEO-DENTAL

DENTAL
CONSONANTS

ALVEOLAR
CONSONANTS

PLACES OF ARTICULATION

RULES OF MADD

ASSIMILATION

RULES OF RAA

RULES OF LAAM

RULES OF MEEM
SAKINAH

NOON SAKINAH AND
TANWEEN

MUSHADDAD NOON
AND MEEM

QALQALAH

RULES OF
LETTERS
2

THE RULES OF LETTERS

RULES OF
MADD

RULES OF
ASSIMILATION

RULES OF RAA

RULES OF
LAAM

RULES OF
MUSHADDAD NOON
AND MEEM

RULES OF MEEM
SAKINAH

RULES OF
QALQALAH

RULES OF NOON
SAKINAH AND TANWEEN

NATURAL MADD

DERIVED MADD

IDENTICAL
LETTERS

SAME PLACE OF
ARTICULATION

CLOSE PLACE OF
ARTICULATION

ITH-HAAR SHAFAWI

IDGHAAM SHAFAWI

IKHFAA SHAFAWI

ITH-HAAR

IDGHAAM

IKHFAA

IQLAAB

LAAM
JALALAH

LAAM TA'RIF

LAAM
QAMARIYYAH

LAAM
SHAMSIYYAH

LAAM OF
VERB

THE RULES OF LETTERS [Contd ...]
3
WAYS TOSTART RECITING
SURAHS
PERMITTEDWAYS
TORECITE
READ , AND
SEPARATELY
READ , AND
JOINTLY
READ ,
JOINTLY AND
SEPARATELY
READ SEPARATELY.
THEN AND
JOINTLY
WAYS OF RECITING SURAHS
CONTINUOUSLY
PERMITTEDWAYS
TORECITE
READ CURRENT ,
AND NEXT
SEPARATELY
READ CURRENT
SEPARATELY. THEN
AND NEXT JOINTLY
READ CURRENT ,
AND NEXT
JOINTLY
WAY NOT
PERMITTEDTO
RECITE
READ CURRENT ,
JOINTLY AND
NEXT
SEPARATELY
4

,
NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN

IDGHAAM

IQLAAB

IKHFAA

ITH-HAAR
(READ CLEARLY)


(With Stress)

(Assimilation of one
letter into another)

(CONVERT OR
TANWEEN TO )

(USE NOSE)



(Without Stress)


RULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN

OR

,
, ,
) (
,
, ,
Exceptions in Idghaam:
1. Idghaam does not apply in one word [ and ]


2. Idghaam does not apply if there is sakta between the words

3. If OR appears in same word after , Read clearly ( )

5

MEEM SAKINAH

IDGHAAM SHAFAWI

IKHFAA SHAFAWI

ITH-HAAR SHAFAWI
(READ CLEARLY)
OTHER LETTERS
EXCEPT &

(With Stress)

(USE NOSE, WITH

STRESS)

RULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER MEEM SAKINAH


RULES OF MUSHADDAD NOON
AND MEEM
READ AND WITH STRESS,
EVEN WHILE STOPPING
For Noon Shaddah: ,
For Meem Shaddah: ,
6
RULES FOR READING QALQALAH CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR WITH
SUKUN: READ WITH ECHO SOUND

QALQALAH


[WEAK ECHO]
IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAH
CHARACTERS WITH SUKUN APPEARS
IN THE MIDDLE OF A WORD

[STRONG ECHO]
IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAH
CHARACTERS WITH SUKUN
APPEARS AT THE END OF A WORD
AND WHEN WE STOP AT IT

7

RULES OF IDGHAAM

IDGHAAM
IF SUKUN IS FOLLOWED
BY - OR - OR -

MUTAMAATHILAIN

MUTAQARIBAIN

MUTAJANISAIN
IF THE SUKUN LETTER
AND THE NEXT LETTER
ARE SAME
IF THE SUKUN LETTER AND THE
NEXT LETTER ARE DIFFERENT
BUT WITH SAME ORIGIN
with or ; with ;
with ; with ; with
IF THESUKUNLETTERAND
THE NEXT LETTER ARE
DIFFERENT BUT WITH
CLOSE-BY ORIGIN
with ; with ; with


, , , , , ,
is read as
, , , , , ,
Exceptions in Idhgaam:There will be no merger
1. If both identical letters are with harakah

2. If both letters are letters of Madd [ and ]
,
3. If there is a sakta between two identical letters

If the letters of Madd are Leen letters [ or
preceeded by fathah], then there will be a complete
merger without nasalization
is pronounced as
8

RUIF5 FOR RFADI^G 'RAA' DUF TO CHARACTFR5 OR HARAKAH THAT APPFAR
O^ OR FFORF OR AFTFR IT

RUIF5 OF 'RAA'

5TRO^G

5OFT
OTH TYPF
5TRO^G & 5OFT
1. RAA WITH FATHAH OR DHAMMAH OR FATHATAI^ OR
DHAMMATAI^ [ ]
?. 5AMF A5 15T POI^T UT WITH 5HADDAH [ ' ' ]
1. RAA WITH 5UKU^ A^D THF IFTTFR FFORF I5 FITHFR
WITH DHAMMAH OR FATHAH [ , ]
4. RAA WITH 5UKU^ A^D THF IFTTFR FFORF I5 WITH
5UKU^ A^D THF IFTTFR FFORF THAT I5 WITH FATHAH
OR DHAMMAH [ , ]
5. RAA WITH 5UKU^ A^D THF IFTTFR FFORF I5 WITH
TRUF KA5RAH A^D THF IFTTFR AFTFR RAA I5 A^YO^F OF
THF5F CHARACTFR5 , , CAIIFD A5
6. RAA WITH 5UKU^ A^D THF IFTTFR FFORF I5 WITH
TFMPORARY KA5RAH [ ]
1. RAA WITH KA5RAH OR KA5RATAI^ [ , ]
?. 5AMF A5 15T POI^T UT WITH 5HADDAH [ ` , ` ]
1. RAA WITH 5UKU^ A^D THF IFTTFR FFORF I5
WITH KA5RAH [ ]
4. RAA WITH 5UKU^ A^D THF IFTTFR FFORF I5
WITH 5UKU^ A^D THF IFTTFR FFORF THAT I5
WITH KA5RAH [ ]
5. RAA WITH 5UKU^ A^D THF IFTTFR FFORF I5
WITH 5UKU^ A^D THF IFTTFR FFORF THAT I5
WITH FATHAH [ ]
6. THF WORD (11:41)
1. -- PRFFFR 5OFT
?. -- PRFFFR 5OFT
1. -- PRFFFR 5TRO^G
, ,
, , ,
` is read as ` with Strong Raa
,
, ,
Ccrtein cberectcrs ceIIcd es , , erc to
bc rced IoudIy , ,. Tbcsc cberectcrs erc sbortIy
rcmcmbcrcd tbrouqb e pbresc Iikc
, , , , ` , ' ,
9

RULES FOR READING LAAM[1]

LAAM IN THE WORD

STRONG
OR
IF FATHAH OR DHAMMAH
APPEARS BEFORE

SOFT

IF KASRAH APPEARS
BEFORE
LAAM IN WORDS
OTHER THAN

SOFT

LAAM SHAMSIYYAH
LAAM IS NOT
PRONOUNCED


LAAM QAMARIYYAH
LAAM IS
PRONOUNCED
,
,
,


LAAM TA'RIF
READING LAAM WITH OTHER
CHARACTERS
10

RULES FOR READING LAAM [2]

LAAM OF VERB
Pronounced as , if laam
with sukun is at the
beginning or middle of the
verb
Pronounced as , if
laam with sukun is
followed by raa or laam

: , [ Past Tense ]
: , [ Present Tense ]
: , [ Order ]
is pronounced as
is pronounced as
is pronounced as
Exception: No Idghaam if
there is sakata

If one huruf khalq ( ( ) )
with sukun is followed by a different huruf
khalq, then read them as
,
If one huruf khalq ( ( ) )
with sukun is followed by the same huruf
khalq, then read them as

11

RULES FOR READING ALIF
READING ALIF

STRONG

SOFT
IF ANYONE OF THE
CHARACTERS ( )
APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READ
ALIF STRONGLY
IF CHARACTERS OTHER
THAN
CHARACTERS APPEAR
BEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF
SOFTLY

12

RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [1]
, ,
RULES OF MADD

NATURAL MADD

DERIVED MADD
1. MADD SHOULD NOT BE
FOLLOWED BY SUKUN [ ]
OR HAMZAH []
2. READ AS ONE ALIF
3. OTHER NAMES: 'JAATI'
OR 'TABAYI'
MADD SHOULD BE
FOLLOWED BY SUKUN
[ ] OR HAMZAH []

MADD MUTTASIL

MADD MUNFASIL

MADD LAAZIM

MADD AARIDH
1.MADD IS FOLLOWED
BY HAMZAH IN SAME
WORD
2. READ AS 4 TO 5 ALIF
3. OTHER NAME: 'MADD
WAJIB'
1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY
HAMZAH IN DIFFERENT
WORD
2. READ AS 2 TO 4 ALIF
3. OTHER NAME: 'MADD
JAIZ'
1. MADD IS FOLLOWED
BY SUKUN ASLI [REAL
SUKUN]
2. READ AS 3 TO 5 ALIF
1. MADD IS FOLLOWED
BY TEMPORARY SUKUN
2. READ AS ANYONE OF
THREE TYPES [Refer next
page]


Contd ...

MADD BADAL

MADD IWADH
MADD LETTER IS
PRECEEDED BY
HAMZAH
ALIF REPLACES
FATHATAIN WHEN
ONE STOPS ON IT
, , IS READ AS
13

RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [2]

MADD LAAZIM

MADD AARIDH
READING IN ANYONE TYPE IS
OUR CHOICE [BE CONSISTENT]

KALIMA MUTHAQQAL

KALIMA MUKHAFFAF

HARFI MUTHAQQAL

HARFI MUKHAFFAF
SHADDAH APPEARS
AFTER IN ONE
WORD -
SUKUN APPEARS
AFTER IN ONE
WORD -
SHADDAH APPEARS ON
IN ONE CHARACTER
SUKUN APPEARS ON
IN ONE CHARACTER

QASR
READ AS ONE ALIF

TAWASSUT
READ AS 2 OR 3 ALIF

TOOL
READ AS 5 ALIF
Exception: The word in
can be read with or without


ONLY PLACE

CHANGE TO
14
RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Name of Madd

Explanation
and appear adjacently in one word
and appear adjacently but in two
words
While stopping, convert fatha or kasra or dammah or
kasratain or dammathain (following the madd
character) at the end to sukun
is followed by or or
While stopping, convert fathathain (following
the madd character) at the end to Alif
is followed by sukun [ ]
is followed by saddha in one word


,
Haa Dameer () is followed by
Haa Dameer () is followed by any character
other than
Hamzah Isthifham () is followed by Shaddah
Madd character should not be followed by
sukun or Hamzah
is followed by
Examples
is changed to
Elongation in
Counts ( )
2 to 5
2 to 6
2
2
6
6
6
2
2 to 6
6
6
2
2
, , ,

,
is changed to
is actually
,
, ,
,
is changed to

,

,
, ,
First 14 Madd types are called as

5
2
, ,
MADD CHARACTERS
15

RULES OF HURUF LEEN

HURUF LEEN
,

MADD LEEN
LAAZIM
1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED
BY TRUE SUKUN
2. READ AS OR OR .
BUT IS BETTER

MADD LEEN
AARIDH
1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED
BY TEMPORARY SUKUN
2. READ AS OR OR

NOON QUTNI
IF SUKUN APPEARS AFTER
TANWEEN, THEN:
1. CHANGE TANWEEN TO KASRAH
2. ADD A NOON WITH KASRAH
BETWEEN THEM
Exception:
1. IF WE STOP AT TANWEEN,
THERE IS NO NOON QUTNI
2. IN , STOPPING IS
BETTER
ONLY TWO PLACES
(19:1) , (42:2)
,

Note:
1. The words like and are considered as
Madd Huruf Leen but the elongation is not
long. Elongation is .
16

RULES OF SILAH
SILAH MEANS READING
ELONGATEDLY LIKE

SILAH BIL YAH
IF KASRAH COMES
BEFORE , READ
LIKE OF

SILAH BIL WAV
IF FATHAH OR
DHAMMAH COMES
BEFORE , READ LIKE
OF
Exception: DHAMMAH APPEARS ON
INSTEAD OF KASRAH
IN SURAH (18:63)
IN SURAH (48:10)
Exception: SUKUN APPEARS
ON INSTEAD OF KASRAH
IN SURAH (7:111)
IN SURAH (27:28)
Exception: NO BECAUSE THEY
ARE NOT BUT PART OF THE
WORD ITSELF
IN SURAH (11:91)
IN SURAH (23:19)
IN SURAH (19:46)

Exception: IF WITH SUKUN
APPEARS BEFORE , READ WITH
KASRAH BUT WITHOUT
ELONGATION

BUT READ WITH ELONGATION
Exception: IFANYTHING EXCEPT
WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ,
READ WITH DHAMMAH

GENERAL RULE: IF A LETTER WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE , THEN WE WON'T READ
ELONGATEDLY
Exception: DHAMMAH OF
IS NOT ELONGATED

IN SURAH (39:7)
Exception: IF APPEARS
BEFORE , THEN AT THE
END WILL BE REMOVED.
SO, THERE IS NO
ELONGATION
IS READ AS
17

RULES OF HAMZAH
RULES OF HAMZAH

HAMZAH WASL
Noted as in certain
Holy Quran prints

HAMZAH QATH
1. IF A WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN, WE
ADD A HAMZAH TO IT
2. THIS HAMZAH IS TEMPORARY HAMZAH
3. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS BETWEEN
TWO WORDS, THEN IT WILL NOT BE READ
1. THIS HAMZAH IS PART OF THE
WORD
2. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS
BETWEEN TWO WORDS, IT WILL BE
READ


IF BEGINS WITH AND
THIRD LETTER OF THE WORD IS
DHAMMAH, THEN DHAMMAH IS
GIVEN TO HAMZAH
IF BEGINS WITH
AND THIRD LETTER OF
THE WORD IS FATHAH OR
KASRAH, THEN KASRAH IS
GIVEN TO HAMZAH
IF THE WORD BEGINS WITH
DEFINITE ARTICLE , THEN
FATHAH IS GIVEN TO
HAMZAH
is read as
) : 9 ( is read as
is read as
is read as
is read as
is read as
IF BEGINS
WITH ,
THEN KASRAH IS
GIVEN TO
HAMZAH


Exception: IF BEGINS WITH AND THIRD LETTER OF THE
WORD IS DHAMMAH AND IF THE THIRD LETTER OF THE SINGULAR
FORM OF THE IS KASRAH, THEN KASRAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH
is read as
AS SINGULAR FORM OF IS
Note: IF BEGINS WITH
AND SECOND LETTER OF
THE IS HAMZAH, THEN
THE IS READ AS MADD
is read as <
is read as <
18
AMONG TWO WORDS, IF
THE FIRST WORD ENDS
WITH SUKUN AND THE
SECOND WORD STARTS
WITH SUKUN
IF THE LETTER WITH
SUKUN IN THE FIRST
WORD IS A MADD
LETTER, THIS MADD
LETTER IS REMOVED

IF THE LETTER WITH
SUKUN IN THE FIRST
WORD IS NOT A MADD
LETTER, THEN READ
OR WITH DHAMMAH

IF THE LETTER WITH
SUKUN IN THE FIRST
WORD IS FROM
[ZAR], READ THE
WITH FATHAH

IF THE LETTER WITH
SUKUN IN THE FIRST WORD
IS NOT MADD AND NOT
FROM [ZAR], THEN READ
THE SUKUN LETTER WITH
KASRAH

EXCEPTION:
IN SHOULD BE
READ WITH FATHAH
OTHER NOTES:
IF A WORD ENDS WITH TANWEEN AND THE NEXT WORD STARTS WITH A SUKUN, THEN A NOON WITH KASRAH
IS INTRODUCED BETWEEN THEM. Examples:
(18:77) is read as
(18:88) is read as
19

RUIF5 OF 5TOPPI^G
RUIF5 FOR F^DI^G A
5F^TF^CF
CHA^GF FATHAH OR
DHAMMAH OR KA5RAH
OR DHAMMATAI^ OR
KA5RATAI^ TO 5UKU^
CHA^GF FATHATAI^
TO AIIF
CHA^GF TO
5TOP A5
5TOP ` A5 `
5TOP A5
5TOP A5
Wbcn 5toppcd. bccomcs : bccomcs : , , bccomcs : , bccomcs : , , bccomcs : ,
bccomcs : bccomcs : , , bccomcs : , , bccomcs : bccomcs : , bccomcs : ,
bccomcs : , bccomcs : bccomcs : bccomcs : bccomcs : ' bccomcs : , , ,
bccomcs : , , , bccomcs : , , bccomcs : bccomcs : bccomcs : bccomcs :
' bccomcs [sukun witb sbeddeb] : bccomcs
RuIcs ot Continuous Rcedinq. bccomcs : bccomcs : bccomcs : bccomcs :
,15.41, bccomcs : ,5ureb ^umbcr 7. Ayetb ^umbcr 164, bccomcs : ,7.158, bccomcs :
in ,7.?1, is cIonqetcd: ,7.177, bccomcs : ,7.18, bccomcs : ' ,6?.11, bccomcs ' :
' ,?1.87, bccomcs '
^otc. GcncreIIy is rced es cxccpt in joint words Iikc ,?5.49, or ,19.17, or ,?.16,.
AIso, it rcciteI is stoppcd et , THF^ AIIF 5HOUID F FIO^GATFD.
20
NOTATIONS IN HOLY
QURAN
MUST STOP
O or or or
or or
or
MUST NOT
STOP

PREFERRED
TO STOP

PREFERRED
NON-STOP
or - or or
or
STOP AND
NON-STOP
ARE SAME
or or [
above O or ]
1. STOP AT ONE :.
AND NOT AT
ANOTHER :. (Called as
)
2. DIFFERENT
OPINION PERSISTS
FOR
1. STOPPED AT
2. PREFER STOPPING AT
3. PREFER NON-STOP AT
OBSERVE
AS
PREVIOUS
SYMBOL IN
THE
AAYAH

GENERAL RULE:
1. WE MUST STOP AT . IF NOT, THE MEANING WILL CHANGE.
2. FOR NOTATIONS OTHER THAN : IF YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO READ CONTINUOUSLY, YOU CAN STOP AT ANY PLACE. BUT WHILE
CONTINUING, WE SHOULD REPEAT ONE OR TWO WORDS PRECEEDING THE PLACE AT WHICH WE STOPPED.
3. RECITE SENTENCES WITH OR OR IN SINGLE BREATH. SHOULD BE READ WITH A LONGER PAUSE THAN OR .
Note:
1. Dont stop after the phrase . If you pause, then while continuing read the phrase again.
2. While reading the sentence , we could pause after the phrase . But, after the pause, the sentence needs to be read
from the start as cant be read separately.
3. In Hafs recitation: At the end of a sentence, if Haa Dameer () is preceded by sukun, then Haa Dameer is not elongated. Otherwise, Haa
Dameer is elongated. Exception: (25:69)
4. If is written above , then read the character as . If is written above , then read the character as .
5. In Hafs recition: In Surah , is pronounced as Mazraeha.
21

RULES OF SAKTA
SAKTA: STOP THE SOUND BUT
DON'T BREAK THE BREATH
ACCORDING TO SOME
SCHOLARS
IN SURAH (69:29)
GENERAL RULE: THERE IS NO SAKTA
AT THE POINT OF STOPPING

WAJIB

JAIZ
IN SURAH (18:1)
IN SURAH (36:52)
IN SURAH (75:27)
IN SURAH (83:14)
IN SURAH (7:23)
IN SURAH (7:184)
IN SURAH (12:29)
IN SURAH (28:23)
22

THE PLACES OF ARTICULATION

MOLAR
CONSONAN
T

PALATAL
CONSONANTS


UVULAR
CONSONANTS


LABIAL (LIP)
CONSONANTS


INTER-DENTAL
CONSONANTS


ALVEO-DENTAL
CONSONANTS


DENTAL
CONSONANTS


ALVEOLAR
CONSONANTS


PHARYNGEAL
(THROAT)
CONSONANTS

LOWER THROAT


MIDDLE THROAT


UPPER
THROAT


NASAL CAVITY
(NASALIZATION)


ORAL CAVITY
(VOWELS)


THE PLACES OF ARTICULATION
23
24