By Lubna Amr 2011

OBJECTIVES
By the end of the laboratory, you will be able to

Enter data in Minitab. Save both Projects and Worksheets. Use Minitab s pull down menus and the submenus. Calculate with columns of data. Use Minitab to calculate descriptive statistics. Draw histograms, boxplots, and scatterplots.

What is MINITAB?
MINITAB (meaning minicomputer tabulator) is a powerful statistical software program that provides a wide range of basic and advanced capabilities for statistical analysis .

Statistical analysis computer applications have the advantage of being accurate, reliable, and generally faster than computing statistics and drawing graphs by hand.

Why Learn MINITAB?

It s capable of manipulating & transforming data also allows you to perform a wide variety of statistical computation ,compute many probabilities & making statistical graphs.

Minitab windows
The session window : Display the result of your analysis in text format ,also in this window you can enter commands instead of using Minitab menus .(ctrl+m) The data window : Display data worksheets in rows and columns, they are used to store basic data for statistical analysis .(ctrl+d) Project window : (project manager) You can access a variety of menus that allow you to manage session window,output,graphs,worksheets.(ctrl+i) (to move among the various windows)
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Minitab windows
Graph window : Which display graphical output (dotplot,piechart, ), When you generate graphs, each graph is opened in its own window . History window : Records all commands you have used . *you can open multiple worksheets into the same project*
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Issuing commands
There are three types of accessing commands : 1) Through Minitab menu bar 2) Through Minitab tool bar 3) Through using session window

project
A Minitab project consist of all parts of your work. including : the text output from the command you issue ,the data stored in worksheets (data window) & any other graphs you have created . To save project : File -> save project as ->save in ->file name->lab1->save To open project: File->open project. To create project : File->new->Minitab project.
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DATA TYPES
Numerical: Numerical data is the only type Minitab will use for statistical calculations. - Minitab will not recognize numbers with commas as numbers but will consider them text(0,1,2, ). Text: Text cannot be used for computations. Though text generally means words or characters, numbers can be classified as text. If column 1 has text in it, the column label will change from C1 to C1-T. Data types can be changed.
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DATA TYPES
Date/Time: Minitab recognizes 3/5/2010 as a date and 4:30 as a time .The column label will indicate a date or time value by putting a D after the column name (for example C1-D). *to change the format of the date column you can do that : Editor->format column->date\time .
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Example
An individual took measurements of the temperature and the amount of water s/he consumed during a three-hour period outside. The data, shown below, was collected for seven randomly selected days during the summer. Water Consumption Temperature (F) (ounces) 16 75 20 83 32 92 27 85 25 85 48 97 48 99
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CALCULATING WITH DATA

You can add columns together, calculate the sum of a column or row, or convert a column s values to their Zscores. These and other calculations can be completed under the main menu item of CALC. For example, let s say the thermometer read the temperature ten degrees too low. Therefore, we want to create a column called Temp plus 10 and have Minitab add ten degrees to the temperature.

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MANIPULATING DATA
Minitab can change data types within limits. You cannot make a simple switch of people s names to numeric values, but if you have a column of numbers that was accidentally entered as text, then you can change those numbers to numeric values. Minitab makes the following types of transformations.

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MANIPULATING DATA
To make these changes in Minitab, from the main menu select Data>code-> Then, select the option that you want . Enter the following data : Name Gender Ahmed male Mohammed male Muna female Salam female Walaa female Leena female Osama male Ali male *change the Gender data from text to numeric by changing male to 1 and female to 2 .
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Sort the data

Rearranging the data in ascending or descending order: Data -> sort . **Now rearrange the temperature into descending order . Date->sort->sort columns->temprature->by column >temprature ->click on descending->ok.

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Format column
Example: Enter the following data 10917.15 , 11059.02 , 11019.66 , 10609.69 ,1520.32 , 17894.80 ,11245.23 . Note : The data was rounded to one decimal places to change the data formatting from menu bar select editor >format column -> numeric -> fixed decimal 2 (or currency 2 ,symbol $)
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SAVING DATA
In Minitab, you can save data in two different formats. You can save the worksheet by itself or the entire project. Saving the worksheet as a separate file is a good habit. Then you will always have access to the data, even if the project you are working with becomes corrupted. To save the data in a worksheet by itself
1. Select FILE > SAVE CURRENT WORKSHEET AS. 2. Use the arrow beside the Save in: field to select the location of your diskette or USB device. 3. In the File Name field, type the name of the worksheet. 4. Click Save.

You have saved only the worksheet with the data.

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Types of Data
(1)Qualitative Date (Categorical Data) :
 Deals with descriptions (Data which takes non

numerical categories).  Data can be observed but not measured.  Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, gender, year, major, blood type, etc.  Qualitative Quality

Types of Data
(2)Quantitative Data (Numerical Data) :
 Deals with numbers (Data which takes numerical

values).  Data which can be measured.  Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc.  quantitative data is further divided into discrete and continuous.  Quantitative Quantity

Graphical presentation of Data

 You use different graphs depending on the type of data

u want to describe.
 (1)Graphs for Qualitative Data :

(1) Bar chart. (2) Pie chart.

Qualitative Data
(1) Bar chart (bar graph)

a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional.



Uses bars of equal width to show frequencies of categories of qualitative data

 

Horizontal Scale : identifies the different categories Vertical Scale : represents frequencies or relative freq.

 

Bars may or may not be separated by small gaps No order is required of the categories

Bar Chart
 Bar chart\Pie chart can be produced in Minitab from

either : (1) un summarized Data row data . (2) data that has been summarized in frequency table.

Example (Row data)

Create a bar chart for the following data which represent the blood type for 20 person :

Bar Chart Example in Minitab

Input data into C1 Graph > Bar Chart Choose: Bars represent: Counts of unique values Simple cOKd Categorical variables: C1 Be sure that cDefaultd is sele te in Chart Options > Or er Main X Groups by c OK

Example (summarized data)

a sample of 30 employees from large companies was selected, and these employees were asked how stressful their jobs were. The data is summarized below:

Bar Chart Example in Minitab

Input data into C2 and C3 Graph > Bar Chart Choose: Bars represent: Values from a table. Simple cOKd Graph variables: C2 (the frequencies) Categorical variables: C3 (the stress levels) cOKd

Example (Row data)

Create a bar chart for the following data which represent the blood type for 20 person :

Blood type

ab

ab

ab

ab

ab

gender

Bar Chart Example in Minitab

Input data into C4 and C5 Graph > Bar Chart Choose: Bars represent: Counts of unique values. Cluster cOKd Categorical variables: select C4 (blood) then C5(gender) cOKd Th same for stack

Example (summarized data)

Create a bar chart for the following data which represent the blood type for 20 person : blood A B Ab O A B Ab o gender M M M M F F F f freq 2 3 1 4 2 4 3 1

Bar Chart Example in Minitab

Input data into C6 and C7 and C8 Graph > Bar Chart Choose: Bars represent: Values from a table. stack cOKd Graph variables: C8 (the frequencies) Categorical variables: select C4 (blood) then C5(gender) cOKd Th same for clusterf

Bar Chart Example in Minitab

Enter the following data then: (1) Obtain bar chart that displays the mean of length by color . (2) Obtain bar chart that displays the mean of length by color and density . color Blue Red Blue Red Blue Blue density HI HI LO LO LO HI length 3.5 4.2 2.7 3.5 2.9 1

Bar Chart Example in Minitab

(1) Obtain bar chart that displays the mean of length by color . Input data into C9 and C10 and C11 Graph > Bar Chart Choose: Bars represent: a function of a variable. one y: simple cOKd function: mean Graph variables: C11 (length) Categorical variable: C9 (color) cOKd

Bar Chart Example in Minitab

(2) Obtain bar chart that displays the mean of length by color and density . Input data into C9 and C10 and C11 Graph > Bar Chart Choose: Bars represent: a function of a variable. one y: cluster cOKd function: mean Graph variables: C11 (length) Categorical variables: select C9 (color) then C10(density) cOKd

Qualitative Data
(1) Pie chart A pie chart is a circular graph in which the circle is divided into sectors (slices). Each sector visually represents an item in a data set to match the amount of the item as a percentage or fraction of the total data set.
**A pie chart is used to compare the different parts that make up a whole amount .

Pie Chart
 Bar chart\Pie chart can be produced in Minitab from

either : (1) un summarized Data row data . (2) data that has been summarized in frequency table.

Example (Row data)

Create a Pie chart for the following data which represent the blood type for 20 person :

Pie Chart Example in Minitab

Input data into C1 Graph > Pie Chart chart Counts of unique values Categorical variables: C1 labels >slice labels Category Name frequency Draw a line from label to slice cOKd

Example (summarized data)

a sample of 30 employees from large companies was selected, and these employees were asked how stressful their jobs were. The data is summarized below:

Pie Chart Example in Minitab

Input data into C2 and C3 Graph > Pie Chart chart values from a table. Categorical variables: C2 (stress) summary variables: C3 (frequency) labels >slice labels Category Name frequency Draw a line from label to slice cOKd

Home work
(1) A survey of 705 workers asked how much they used the internet at work .the results were as follows ,Construct a bar chart and a pie chart : Use of the internet at work Too much More than I should Within limits Very little Don t use % 5 4 60 5 26

Home work
(2)Enter the following data then: (1) Obtain bar chart that displays the median of length by color . (2) Obtain bar chart that displays the median of width by color and density . color densit length y Blue Red Blue Red Blue Blue HI HI LO LO LO HI 3.5 4.2 2.7 3.5 2.9 1 width 2.8 3.2 3 2.6 1.7 0.85