Form 4: Chapter 5 (Indices and Logarithms)

SPM Practice
Fully-Worked Solutions
Paper 1
1

log2 R log4 Q = 2
log2 Q
log2 R
=2
log2 4
log2 R

4 log5 2.7
7
10
27
= log5
10
33
= log5
25
= log5 33 (log5 2 + log5 5)
= 3 log5 3 log5 2 log5 5
=3pm1
= log5 2

log2 Q
=2
log2 22

log2 Q
=2
2
2 log2 R log2 Q = 4
log2 R 2 log2 Q = 4
R2
log2
=4
Q
log2 R

R2
= 24
Q
R2 = 24 Q
R = 24 Q
R = 22 Q
R=4 Q

42x 3 = 5x
log 42x 3 = log 5x
(2x 3) log 4 = x log 5
2x log 4 3 log 4 = x log 5
2x log 4 x log 5 = 3 log 4
x(2 log 4 log 5) = 3 log 4
3 log 4
x=
2 log 4 log 5

x = 3.576

2
3
2
3s(32) 3s(31) =
3
2
9(3s) 3(3s) =
3
2
(9 3)(3s) =
3
2
6(3s) =
3
2 1
3s =
3 6
1
3s =
9
3s = 32
s = 2
3s + 2 3s + 1 =

log5 (2y 1) = 1 + log5 (y 8)

log5 (2y 1) log5 (y 8) = 1
2y 1
log5
=1
y8
2y 1
= 51
y8
2y 1 = 5(y 8)
2y 1 = 5y 40
3y = 39
y = 13

3 2434x = 98x + 6
(35)4x = (32)8x + 6
320x = 32(8x + 6)
Equating the powers, we have:
20x = 2(8x + 6)
20x = 16x + 12
4x = 12
x=3

11

2 = ms
logm 2 = s
3 = mt
logm 3 = t
logm

10

2 + 2 log4 (p 6) = log2 p
2 log4 (p 6) log2 p = 2
log2 (p 6)
2
log2 p = 2
log2 4

 2m 3 
1
2

 6  = log
m




log2 (p 6)
log2 p = 2
2

= logm m 2 logm 2 logm 3

1
= st
2
8 272x 5 =
3(2x 5)

33(2x 5) =

log2 4 = log2 22 = 2 log2 2 = 2(1) = 2

log2 (p 6) log2 p = 2

x+1

log2

log3

 27fg 

2(x + 1)

1
1

[32(x + 1)] 2
1
33(2x 5) = (x + 1)
3
33(2x 5) = 3(x + 1)
Equating the powers,
3(2x 5) = (x + 1)
6x 15 = x 1
7x = 14
x=2
9

log3

11 log9

 

x4
= 2 + 2 log3 x + log3 y
y

 xy  2 log x log y = 2
x
log   log x log y = 2
y
 xy 
4

log3

log3

x 2y

log3 27 + log3 f log3 g

log3 32

log3 33 + log3 f log3 g

log3 32

=2

 xy   x1y  = 2
x
log   = 2
y
4

x2
= 32
y2
x 2 2
=3
y
x
=3
y
x
y=
3



12

log3 9

log3

27f

 g =

p6
= 2
p
p6
= 22
p
p6 1
=
p
4
4p 24 = p
3p = 24
p=8

3+ab
2

12

4(2h 1) = 8h

14

2 2 =2
22 + h 1 = 23h
2

h1

3h

log2 x
= log2 5
log2 4
log2 x
= log2 5
log2 22

Equating the indices,

2 + h 1 = 3h
1 = 2h
h=

log4 x = log2 5

log2 x
= log2 5
2

1
2

log2 x = 2 log2 5
log2 x = log2 52

13

log2 x = log2 25
x = 25

814x 3 = 272x
34(4x 3) = 33(2x)
By comparing the indices,
4(4x 3) = 3(2x)
16x 12 = 6x
10x = 12
x=

6
5

13