BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH

Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc Ho

Email : lphao@hcmut.edu.vn
Tel : 84-8-8654086
PHNG PHAP X LY AXIT
515 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
NOI DUNG
Gii thieu tong quan
C s ly thuyet x ly axit
516 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
THANH HE CAT KET
Dau kh chu yeu c khai thac trong tang tram tch gom cat
ket, cuoi ket co o rong cao, o tham tot va ket cau tng oi
yeu hoac tang a mong nt ne.
Trong qua trnh khai thac do ap suat lo rong giam dan, lam
tang ng suat tac ong len thanh he khong gan ket hay gan
ket yeu, lam v vun thanh he va gay ra hien tng sinh cat
517 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
C S LY THUYET X LY AXIT
Cuc ho uxt thoong dong
Cuc chut pho gu dong trong xo y uxt
Lou chon uxt
Co cho phun ong trong xo y uxt
Cuc yoo to unh hoong trong xo y uxt
Co so y thoyot thot ko xo y uxt tung cut kot vu tung
cucbonut
518 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
CAC HE AXIT THNG DUNG
Axit vo c
Axit hu c
Hon hp axit
He axit lam cham phan ng
Kha nang hoa tan cua axit
519 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
AXIT VO C
Axit hydrocloric (HCl)
Axit HCl c s dung pho bien nhat, chu yeu trong tang
cacbonat
Hon hp axit hydrochloric hydrofluoric (HCl + HF)
ay la hon hp axit c dung cho phan ln cac thanh he
Axit fluoboric (HBrF4)
Dung dch axit fluoboric dung lam dung dch em trc khi x ly
s ong can lam dnh chat trong lo rong .
520 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
AXIT HU C
Axit Acetic (CH
3
COOH)
La axit axit khong mau, trong suot, mui gat, san xuat nong
o 97-99%, c pha che e on nh dung dch axit
Axit Formic (HCOOH)
Manh hn, re hn CH
3
COOH, nhng an mon khong eu va t
tao ra nhng hang hoc nh HCl
521 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
HON HP AXIT
Hon hp axit HCl + CH
3
COOH va HCOOH + HF s dung
hieu qua trong a cacbonat va duy tr mc o an mon thap
(ac biet nhiet o cao) va ngan khong cho cac axit hu c
phan ng
Hon hp axit HF + HCl dung hieu qua trong cac tang cat ket
co nhiet o cao
522 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
HE AXIT LAM CHAM PHAN NG
Axit b gel hoa
Axit co cha hoa pham lam cham phan ng
Axit nhu hoa
523 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
KHA NANG HOA TAN CUA AXIT
nh ngha: o hoa tan la lng khoang vat b hoa tan bi mot
lng axit tren khoi lng hay the tch chuan
o hoa tan co the tnh vi nhieu mc o phan ng:
.
.
KV KV
axit axit
V MW
V MW
=
524 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
CHAT C CHE AN MON
Catafin A
ay la mot trong nhng chat chong an mon cua axit tot nhat. Khi pha
vao dung dch axit vi 0.1% tong the tch, cng o an mon cua dung dch
giami t 55 65 lan
Marvelan K (O)
Lieu lng pha che trung bnh cho phep 0.1%. Marvelan K(O) la mot
chat c che co cng o hoat tnh cao
N 1 A
Cng o chong an mon cua N-1-A rat ln. Neu pha che lieu lng 0.1%
N-1-A vi 0.2% Urotrofin, cng o an mon cua dung dch axit ( 20
0
C)
giamxuong 30 lan
Fomalin
Vi thanh phan 0.6% ve khoi lng trong dung dch axit th s an mon
giam7 - 8 lan
Unhicon Ps-5
Khi pha che t 0.25-0.5% ve khoi lng trong dung dch axt th cng o
an mon giam31 - 42 lan
525 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
LA CHON AXIT
Tieu chuan x ly la 15% HCl oi vi tang cacbonat va hon
hp 3% HF + 12% HCl cung vi dung dch 15% HCl e ra
gieng khoan cho tang cat ket
Nhng nam gan ay, khuynh hng s dung HF vi nong o
thap hn trong dung dch vi muc ch giam ket tua gay
nhiem ban
526 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
S O LOAI BO NHIEM BAN TRONG
QUA TRNH HOAN THIEN GIENG TRONG TANG CAT KET
Set va can
Giam san lng do qua trnh hoan thien gieng
Trong khe nt,tap soi hay tang co o
tham cao
O mang
X ly nh oi vi loai tr can va set
Tang cat ket co xi mang cacbonat Tang cat ket khong co xi mang cacbonat
Fluoboric axit (HBrF
4
) X ly bang HCl-HF
527 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
C CHE PHAN NG TRONG X LY AXIT
o tham cua mau th nghiem giam khi acid HCl-HF tiep xuc vi no luc ban
au, sau o neu tiep tuc cho acid HCl-HF i qua th o tham lai tang
Axit HCl thc te ch tac dung vi thanh phan cacbonat ma khong tham gia
tac dung vi cac thanh phan khac cua a
2HCl + CaCO
3
= CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
4HCl + CaMg(CO
3
)
2
= CaCl
2
+ MgCl
2
+ CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
2HCl + FeCO
3
= FeCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
528 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
CAC YEU TO ANH HNG TRONG X LY AXIT
Nhiet o
Dung dch se i vao cac lo rong cua thanh he co nhiet o
gan giong vi nhiet o bm ep tren be mat khi xet en
cac yeu to nh: the tch khe nt ln, toc o x ly cao
ong thi gay ra hien tng mat dung dch.
Do s khac nhau ve nhiet dung rieng va cac ac tnh cua
dung dch mat vao thanh he, nhiet o trong khe nt se
tuy thuoc vao loai dung dch em c s dung.
Ap suat
Noi chung khi ap suat va > 500 psi th no anh hng t,
khi ap suat va < 500 psi th anh hng nhieu hn.
529 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
Nong o hon hp axit
Anh hng cua nong o axit HCl en toc o x ly c
the hien:
0% < C% < 25%: Nong o axit tang th toc o phan
ng tang
C% > 25%: Nong o axit tang th toc o phan ng
giam
Van toc cua dong chay
Van toc dong chay tang th toc o phan ng cung tang
theo va tnh bang cong thc sau:
R =
0,8
6
28, 5. 184 .10
V
b



+





CAC YEU TO ANH HNG TRONG X LY AXIT
530 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
THIET KE X LY AXIT TANG CAT KET
VA TANG CACBONAT
X ly nhu axit o mang cho thanh he cacbonat
Nhu axit cho o mang cat ket
Sai sot hay gap phai trong qua trnh x ly axit
Cong nghe x ly axit vung can ay gieng
531 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
X LY NHU AXIT O MANG CHO THANH
HE CACBONAT
c tien hanh vi ap suat nho hn nhieu so vi ap suat nt
va
Muc ch lam tang tnh ong nhat ve he so tham thau trong
vung can ay gieng
Khoang cach hng tam cc ai ma axit co the xam nhap
vao va phu thuoc vao van toc dong chay axit trong lo rong
va thi gian tac dung cua no
532 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
NHU AXIT CHO O MANG CAT KET
Dung dch ra gieng sau khi x ly thng co cha:
Hydrocacbon hay HCl nong o 15% oi vi cac gieng
dau
HCl cho cac gieng bm ep nc
Axit, N
2
hoac kh t nhien cho cac gieng kh
The tch dung dch ra gieng sau khi x ly axit nen bang the
tch cua hon hp HCl + HF a s dung
533 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
SAI SOT HAY GAP PHAI TRONG QUA
TRNH X LY AXIT
Ket qua x ly khong at yeu cau co the do:
Khong s dung HF
Dung dch em khong co HCl
Lng hon hp axit khong u
Khong ra ngay
S dung dau diesel trong gieng kh hay bm ep nc
Gay v va trong khi x ly
Khong dung dung moi tng ho trong hon hp axit x ly
X ly thanh he khong b nhiem ban
534 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
CAC TRNG HP X LY
Gieng bm ep
Gieng khai thac
535 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
X LY AXIT GIENG BM EP
Khi chuyen gieng ang khai thac vao bm ep can tuan theo cac bc sau:
Ngng gieng ang hoat ong, thay dau trong gieng bang nc
hoac dung dch co ty trong tng ng
Keo cac thiet b long gieng len va tha can HKT en v tr phin
loc
M ngoai can HKT (khoang khong vanh xuyen)
ong ngoai can lai va bm vao va phan HCl con lai
M van ngoai can HKT, bm nc ay axit HCl (CKP) con lai
trong can vao va
Neu khoang khong vanh xuyen ngoai can HKT chat long
chiem cho la nc th khong ngng cac may bm
Ngng bm, thao thiet b, noi mieng gieng vi may bm va thiet
lap che o cong nghe
536 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
CONG NGHE X LY AXIT GIENG KHAI THAC
Ngng gieng, o ay dau, nc hoac dung dch co ty trong tng ng
theo ap suat va vao long gieng va HKT
Thao au gieng (cay thong), a cac thiet b long gieng len be mat
Xac nh ay gieng. Trng hp co lang ong ay gieng phai tien
hanh ra sach gieng
Tha HKT en v tr phin loc cuoi cung
Lap cay thong khai thac, noi mieng gieng vi ng bm e chuan b
bm nhu tng dau axit
Th ng bm ep va cay thong vi ap suat 35MPa
Chuan b hai may bm, mot may noi vi bon cha dung dch axit
Nhat thiet phai tuan thu trnh t khi bm nhu tng
Neu gieng sau x ly co trao chat long (chat long dap gieng la dau) th
thay the dau bang nc hoac dung dch co ty trong tng ng
537 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
AN TOAN TRONG X LY AXIT
X ly axit can phai c tien hanh bi oi chuyen nghiep c
ao tao ve x ly hoa hoc
Phai tranh xa cac ng cao ap va ng ni an toan
Trc khi th o kn cua ng ong, phai kiem tra o tin cay
cua tat ca cac cho noi, siet lai cac bo phan b hong, khong chat
Yeu cau an toan khi ket thuc cong viec