: -

2010, 4

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

004.655
* ..,

J.A. Bogatyreva*, postgraduate student

The computability
multisets

,
.

.

.

The article is devoted to computability on sets

and multisets which is entered as numerical
computability. The primitive program algebras are
the method for definition the class of computable
functions. Systems of generative of set and multiset
PPA are constructed.

: , ,
, .

Key words: set, multiset,

primitive program algebras.

on

finite

sets

and

computability,

E-mail: jbogatyreva@gmail.com
. .-. , ..., ..
()
.. [, ].


.

[].
.

,

()
S ( m +1) , m =1,2,... ,
() ( 3)

( n +1)

, n =1,2,...

S ( m +1) (, f1 ,..., f m ) = ( n ) ,

( x1 ,...,xn ) ~
~ ( f1 ( x1 ,...,xn ),...,f m ( x1 ,...,xn ))

.. , 2010

1( n ) ,

p =f1 =... .
j

2( n )

( n )

, p = 1 = 2 = = n .
,
,
.

:

( n +1) p ( n ) , f1( n ) ,..., f n( n ) = g ( n ) ,

{x }

1( n ) ( x1 ,..., xn ) ,
( n)
~
( x1 ,.., xn ) 2 ( x1 ,..., xn ) ,
,

,
= m, f1 = ... =f m = = n .
(
)

:
( 3)

( 3) ( p ( n ) , 1( n ) , 2( n ) ) = ( n ) ,

,
:

( n)

j =0 ,1,...

i =1, 2 ,..., n

xi0 = xi ,

=f n =g = n .

( x1 ,..., xn )

xij + 1 ~ f i ( n ) ( x1j ,...,xnj ) ,

. g

( n)

i =1,.., n ;

j =0,1,... . :

j =0,1,... , i =1,.., n

( x1 ,..., xn )

x1j , j =0,1,... ,

p ( n ) ( x1j ,...,xnj ) ~ F (



: -

p ( n ) ( x1l ,..., xnl ) ,

i =1,.., n ,

2010, 4

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

xil ,

l < j ).

,

,

g ( x ,...,x ) ~ x1k ,
( n)

j
`1

j
n

~k j( p(n) ( x1j, x.nj) ~ .F) . ,

.

[] (
) N ,
x < y ,

s
(
x
)

, x + y ,
x y , I mn ,
n =1,2,... ,
m =1,2,..., n

0( x ) , 0:

N = { x < y, s ( x ), x + y , x y , I mn , 0( x )}
def

n =1, 2 ,...
m=1, 2 ,..., n

.

p ,
p q
pq

.
def

: p = S ( 2 ) ( , p ) . ,
dom p = dom p ,

p( x1 ,...,xn ) ~ ( p( x1 ,. ..,xn ) ) , p = n .
def

p q = S ( 3 ) ( , p, q ) .
dom p q = dom p dom q ,

( p q)( x1,...,xn ) ~
~ p( x1 ,...,xn ) q( x1 ,...,xn )

, p =q = n .

( p q)( x1 ,...,xn ) ~

T , p( x1, . xn. )~. T, & q( x1, . xn. ) ~. T,

F , p( x1, . xn. )~. T, & q( x1, . xn. ) ~. F,

F, p( x1, . xn. )~. F, & q( x1, . xn. ) ~. T,
~
F , p( x1, . xn. )~. F, & q( x1, . xn. ) ~. F,
, ( x1,. xn. ) .d, op m

( x1, .xn. ) . d, oq. m

:
,

def

p q = S ( 3 ) ( , p, q ) .

dom p q = dom p dom q

( p q )( x1 ,...,xn ) ~
~ p( x1 ,...,xn ) q( x1 ,...,xn )

, p =q = n .

( p q)( x1 ,...,xn ) ~



: -

2010, 4

p( x1, . xn. ) ~. T, & q( x1, . xn. ) ~. T,

p( x1, . xn. ) ~. T, & q( x1, . xn. ) ~. F, ,

T,

T ,
T , p( x1, . xn. ) ~. F, & q( x1, . xn. ) ~. T,
~
F , p( x1, . xn. ) ~. F, & q( x1, . xn. ) ~. F,
, ( x1,.xn. ) .d, op m

( x1, .xn. ) . d, oq. m

,
. , p F ( x ) , pT ( x )
,
F , T .
pT ( x )

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

= ( 3 ) ( p ( x1 ,..., xn ) , ( 3 ) ( q( x1 ,..., xn ) , pT ( x1 ) , pF ( x1 ) ) ,

( 3 ) ( q( x1 ,..., xn ) , pF ( x1 ), pF ( x1 ) ) )

.

:

( p q )( x1 ,..., xn ) =

= ( 3 ) ( p ( x1 ,..., xn ) , ( 3 ) ( q ( x1 ,..., xn ) , pT ( x1 ) , pT ( x1 ) ),

( 3 ) ( q ( x1 ,..., xn ), pT ( x1 ) , pF ( x1 ) ) )

.
N

N = x = y , x + y , I mn , 0( x ), 1( x ) nm==11,,..2,...n ,



.
N ,

N .
.
s( x )
1.

pT ( x ) ,
pF ( x )

N .
. :
s ( x ) = x +1( x ) .
,

s = S ( 3 ) + , I12 , S ( 2 ) 1 , I12

)) ,

, 1 (
1( x ) ).
,
( 3)
1
1
: pT ( x ) = S =, I1 , I1
.
pT ( x ) = x = x .
[],

p F ( x ) ,

:

p F ( x ) = S ( 3 ) =, 0, 1
(- .

) p F ( x ) = 0( x ) = 1( x ) .
: ,
.
p( x1 ,..., xn ) = ( 3 ) ( p( x1 ,..., xn ) , p F ( x1 ) , pT ( x1 ) )
n - p
.
()
1 ,
2

( x1 ,..., xn ) ,
1 ( x1 ,..., xn ) ,

:
2 ( x1 ,..., xn )
. ,
( p q )( x1 ,..., xn ) =

()

( p, 1 , 2 )



: -

2010, 4

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

N ,
x1 ,..., xn , 1 x1 ,..., xn , 2
.

n - p f1 ,

N , , , ,
, f n

.
( x1 ,..., xn ) , 1 ( x1 ,..., xn ) ,, n ( x1 ,..., xn ) x
=
y . ,
1)
. , ( p , f1 ,..., f n )

N .
x1 ,..., xn 1 x1 ,..., xn ,..., n x1 ,..., xn

():

x1 ,..., x n

()

.
,
2. x y
( ,
N .
,
).
.
def
N
f ( x, y, z , t ) = ( y z ) ( t + x, z + 1) .
t, z
,
, , ,
[].
: x y = f ( x, y , 0, 0 ) .
x
<
y
3.
, , n -
f L ,
N .
f [ L ... L ] L .
.
2) 0( x ) .

, ,
def

{ x | x 1} .
f ( x, y , z ) = ( ( x y ) ( x y + z ) ) ( x + 1)
x
3) 1( x ) .
def
.

g ( x , y ) = f ( x, y , x )
, ,
{0} .

:
4) x + y .
, ,
{0, 1} .

( (

( (

))

x1 ,..., xn .

( (

))

))

m, n< m,
g ( n, m ) =
n + m, m< n;

n, m N .
g ,

x < y :

x < y = ( x = y, pF ( x ) ,

( x = 0, pT ( x ) ,

( g ( x, y ) = y , pT ( x ) , pF ( x ) ) )).
N

4.

n
I
m -.
,
N
, , .
.
1-3 ,
N

.
, .
( )
X = Y ,
X Y ,
X Y ,
X Y ,
I mn {1}( X ) ( X ) ,
{1}
:

= { X = Y , X Y , X Y , X Y , {1}( X ), ( X ), I mn }
def

.
X Y X Y .

n
i=



: -

2010, 4

:
X Y ={ z x y ( x X y Y z = x + y )}
.


: X Y = +[ X Y ] , ,
[], = [ +] .
:
def

X Y = { z x y ( x X y Y z = x y)}
d ef

(., , [, ]).
,

X Y = [ X Y ] ,

= [ ]

() ().
n {n} .


.
f ( n ) .
F ( n ) f ( n ) (
(n)
F ( n ) f

),

x1, xn.({ f (.x1, x.n)} F, . ({ x1} ,. { xn.},) . . ,

( n) ~ ( n)

, p ( n )
. P ( n )
p ( n ) ( P ( n )

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

x1, xn .({ p (.x1, x.n)} P, .({ x1} ,. { xn.},) . . ,

( n) ~ ( n)

p ( n ) ),

5 (
N ).
N :
1) X = Y

x=y;
2) X Y x + y
;
I mn
3)

I mn ;

4) {1}( X ) 1( x ) .
.
,
. ,

{ n} { m} = {n + m} , , ,

.

(),

, .
6 ( ).
F ( m ) , F1( n ) ,..., Fm( n )

f (m) ,
f1( n ) ,..., f m( n ) ,

S ( m+1) ( F ( m ) , F1( n ) ,..., Fm( n ) )

( m +1)

( m)

( n)

( n)

S
f , f1 ,..., f m .

.
.
x1 ,..., xn .

,
,
:

S ( m+ 1) ( F ( m ) , F1( n ) ,...,Fm( n ) ) ( { x1} ,...,{ xn } ) ~

( n)
~ ( m) ( n)

F ( F1 ( { x1} , . .{ .xn,} ) , . .F.m, ( { x1} , . .{ x. n,} ) ~



: -

2010, 4

~ F ( { f1 ( x1 , . .x.n ,) } , . .{ .fm, ( x1, . .x.n ,) } ) ~

~ { f ( m) ( f1( n) ( x1 , . .x.n ,) , . . .f m.( n,) ( x1 , . .x.n ,) } ~
( m) ( n)

( n)

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

T .
:
- f 1( n ) ( x1 ,..., xn )
,
( x1 ,..., x n )

f1( n ) ( x1 ,..., x n ) ;

,
( n)
F1 ( { x1 } ,..., { xn } ) ,

~ { S ( m+ 1) ( f ( m ) , f1( n ) , ... .,f m( n ) ) ( x1 ,.. .,xn ) } .

{ f ( ) ( x ,..., x )} ;
n

.
7 ( ).
F1( n ) , F2( n )

f1( n ) , f 2( n ) , P ( n )

(3) P

( n)

( n)

( n)

( n)

= (3) P

( n)

, F1( n ) , F2( n ) )

( x ) = (3) p ( n ) , f1( n ) , f 2( n ) ,

( n ) ( { x1} ,. ..{ ,xn } ) ~ { ( n ) ( x1 ,.. .,xn ) }

x1 ,..., xn .
x1 ,..., xn .
.
1)
p ( n ) ( x1 ,..., xn )
.

( x1 ,..., x n ) ;
,

( n)

F1 ( { x1 } ,..., { xn } ) ,

, F1( n ) , F2( n ) )

(3) p , f1 , f 2 .

,
.
. , ( n ) =

- f 1( n ) ( x1 ,..., xn )

p ( n ) ,

( n ) ( { x1 } ,..., { xn } ) .

3) ,
p ( n ) ( x1 ,..., xn ) F
,

:
( n)
( n)
( n)
( n)
( n)
( n)
(3) p , f1 , f 2
= (3) p , f 2 , f1 .
,

( n ) ( { x1} ,. ..{ ,xn } ) ~ { ( n ) ( x1 ,.. .,xn ) } .

.
8 ( ).
F1( n ) ,..., Fn( n )


f1( n ) ,..., f n( n ) , P ( n )

p ( n ) ,

( n+1) ( P ( n ) , F1( n ) , F2( n ) )

P ( n ) ( { x1 } ,..., { xn } ) .

( n)
p ( x1 ,..., xn ) , ( n+1) ( p ( n ) , f ( n ) ,..., f ( n ) ) .
1
n
( x1 ,..., xn )

.
x1 ,..., xn .

({ }

{ })

2)
p ( n ) ( x1 ,..., xn ) T ,
P

( n)

( { x1} ,..., { xn } )

, .



: -

2010, 4

def

. g = ( p, f ,..., f )
1
n
def

G = ( P, F1 ,..., Fn ) . ,
G
g .
x1 ,..., xn
:

G( { x1} ,...,{ xn } ) ~ { g ( x1, ...,xn ) } .

{x }
j

j =0 ,1,...

xij+ 1 ~ f i ( x1j ,...,xnj ) ,

i

i =1,.., n

xi0 = xi ,

i =1,..., n ,

j =0,1,... .

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

.

.
1.


.

.
M = { n1 ,..., nm } ,
m 1 ,

n1 < n2 < ... < nm

; ,
def

( M ) = 2 n +1 3n

... pmn 1+1 .

, pi , i =0, 1, 2, ... i -
G ( { x1 } ,..., { xn } ) [] ( p0 = 2 , p1 = 3 , p3 = 5 ,
j =0 ,1,...
{X i j }i =1,.., n , ).

j+ 1
j
j
:
X i0 = { xi } ,
,
i
i 1
n
i =1,..., n , j =0,1,... .
j =0,1,...

j
j


i
i
M .
i =1,..., n .

.
N
2 fin .
:
,
,
,

. 9
.
9. ,
j
j
j+ 1 .
range .
.
i 1
n
i
,

N
: 2 fin N . ,
j =0,1,... :
,
j
j
j
j
.
M 1 , M 2 2 Nfin ,

1
n
1
n

g ( x1 ,..., xn ) . ,

X ~ F ( X ,...,X

X ~ { x }

+1

1, M = ,
( M) =
( M ), ,

X ~ F ( X , X. ) .~ F.( { x ,} {.x } ).~ . ,

~ { f ( x , . . x. , ) } ~ { x }
j+ 1 j j j j
i i1 n i1 n

P( X ,...,X ) ~ p( x ,...,x

, ,
P p ,
:

j j ~ j j
~
P( X , . X. .) , P( { x1 } , . { .xn.} ) , p( x1 , . x.n ) . ,
j
1

j
n

( M1 ) = ( M 2 ) .

. ,
M 1 M 2
.
M1 = .
,
,

( M 1 ) = ( ) = 1 . , ,



: -

2010, 4

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

( M 1 ) = ( M 2 ) , ( M 2 ) = 1 .

, 1
.
, M 2 = .
. ,
M 2 = .
,
: M 1 M 2 .
:

{
}
= {n ,..., n } , n

M 1 = n11 ,..., n1m , n11 < ... < n1m , m1 1 ;

1

M2

2
1

2
m2

2
1

< ... < n , m2 1 .

2
m2

( M1 ) = ( M 2 ) ,

,
n1m1 +1

nm2 2

+1

2 n +1 ... pm 1 = = 2 n +1 ... pm 1 .
1

m1 = m2 = m
i =1, ..., m

1
2
1
2
ni + 1 = ni + 1 , ni = ni . ,
M1, M 2

.
.
, range
.
:

.
,


range .
x .
x =1 , x range . x = 0 ,
x range .
x {0, 1} , x

f ,
:

( F ( M 1 ,..., n ) ) ~ f ( ( M 1 ) ,..., ( M n ) )

M 1 ,..., M n 2 fin .
10.

f
f
:
N
range ,

,
,

f .
.
(., , []).

f . :
f (0)


range ;
f ( x +1)

range , ,
f ( 0 ),..., f ( x ) .
.

range . , 9,
,
. f .
N

range = {1} { 2 n ... pmn 1 1 n1 ... nm , m 1 } .

1

f ( 0 ) = n ( ( n ) = 1 ) ,

f ( 0 ) =1 .
:

f ( x + 1) = n ( ( n ) = 1 n { f ( 0 ) ,..., f ( x )}

.
,
f ( 0 ) < f (1) < ... < f ( n ) < ... ..

, f
f : N range .
,
, ,
1 : F ( M ) = { ( M )}

n
n
n
: x = pi pi ... pi ,
1

i1 < i2 < ... < im ,

n1 , n2 ,..., nm 1 .

, , x range

i1 = 0, i2 = i1 +1, ..., im = im 1 +1 . ,
[],
range
,

N
2 fin
[].
.
n - F
, n -

1
N
M 2 fin ; F ({n} ) = ( n )
n range .
, F
1

, F .

,
.
11. F n - , G n -
,



: -

2010, 4

F .
M 1 ,..., M n 2 Nfin

((

F ( M 1 ,..., n ) ~ F G F ( M 1 ) ,...,F ( M n )
1

~
~
F

: [ F P ]

F P .
12 (
). F
F
: F [ {F }] .

. F ( f )
,

f . 1 ,
F f [ ] . :

( )

H ( X , Y ) = F ( F ( f )( Y ) ) = X ( Y = Gs ( Y ) )
def

,
def

Gs ( Y ) = Y {1}( Y )

s ( x ) = x +1 .
F ( X ) =

= F ( f )( H ( X , { 0} ) ) .

. M
.
range () f ( 0 ) ,
f (1) ,. ()
f (i ) 1

1
f (i )

M ;

( f ( i ) ) = M ,

( M ) = f ( i ) .
,

.
13. F
:
F [] .
. :
~
~ def ~
~
F = F ( X ) {1}( X ) ,
1

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics
def

( X , Y , Z ) = ( X {1}( X ) )
(Y Fexp ( Z , X ), Fdiv ( X , Fdeg ( Fp ( Z ), Fexp ( Z , X ) ) ), G
Y, X, Z
1

~
~
~
F

( X ) = F~ ( X , {}( X ), {0}( X ) ) .
F (X , Y ) ,
Fdiv ( X , Y ) ,

F ( X , Y ) , G s ( Z ) []
def

exp

deg

-
exp ( x, y ) , div ( x, y ) , deg ( x, y ) ,
s ( z ) [].
: F ( X ) =
~
= X = {1}( X ), { X }, F ( X ) .
1.

.
1 1113.

.
,
.


= ,
All ,
,
{11 }() m ( ) ,
{11 }
m ,
()
I mn :

= { = ,
def

All

, , , {11}( ), m ( ),

.
All ,
,
.

,

[].

~ D
U f : D



: -

2010, 4

, f []
. U
f ,

( d ) ,

d f

(d )

(d )

d
f . , ,

0 .


:
= +[ ] .

= [ ]

( m +1)

(f

( m)

All
[].
,

()
().

n

{n1 } .
14
(

N ).
N :
1) = x = y ;
2) x + y ;
3) I mn
n
m

I ;

{ 1 }()
1

4)

1
(
x
)

.

(),

, .
15 ( ).

F ( m) ,

(m)

f1( n ) ,..., f n( n ) ,

S ( m +1) ( F ( m ) , F1( n ) ,..., Fn( n ) )

( n)

( n)

, f1 ,..., f n

) .

f1( n ) , f 2( n ) ,

P ( n)

(n)

(3)

( P , F , F )
( p ( ) , f ( ) , f ( ) ) .
( n)

( n)

( n)

(3)

{n11}, {k11} {n1k } . k1 = 0 , () = .

. 6
.
16
(

).
F1( n ) , F2( n ) -

[].
()

F1( n ) ,..., Fn( n )

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

. 7
.
17 ( ).
F1( n ) ,..., Fn( n )

f1( n ) ,..., f n( n ) ,

(n)
P ( n ) p ,
( n+1)

P ( n ) , F1( n ) , F2( n )

( n +1)

(p

( n)

( n)

( n)

, f1 ,..., f n

) .

. 8
.
2.

.

.

= { n k ,...,nmk

},

m 1 ,

k1 ,..., k m 1 , n1 < n2 < ... < nm

;
, :
m

def

( ) = 2 n +1 3k 5n +1 7 k ... p2nm+12 p2km1 = p2ni +12

i =1



: -

2010, 4

1, = ,
( ) =
( ) , ,

.
.
.
.
18. ,
range .
. 9.


,

.
, ,
,
.
2.
.

,
[]. ,

;
,

[].

.

.. .

, .. .

(

,
[]
.

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

,
.


. ,
,

1. ..

-
/
.. , .. //
. .: .-. . 2005.
. 2. . 232-240.
2. .. :
-
: 01.01.09 /
. , 1984. 150.
3. .., ..
.
. .: .. . 2010. 1. . 51-58.

4. .., ..
- // '

, 23-26 2010, , .
2010. . 221.

5. .., ..
. I // . 1984. 4. . 1-7.
6. .., ..
// .
1987. 3. . 68-74.
7. . .
: . . .: ,
1983. 256 ., .
8. ..

/ .. . : , 1986.
367 .
9. .. . //
. . 1961. 16, 3. . 3-60.
10.
..
(
) . .:

. : .
. -, 1983, . 109-111.
11.
..
. . .:



: -

2010, 4

.
.:
, 1983, . 310-326.
12.
:
SQL- / .. , .. ,

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko

National University of Kyiv
Series: Physics & Mathematics

.. , .. . :
, 2001. 198 .

25.11.10