Renewable Energy in India

Dr. P.C.Maithani
Director
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Changing Energy Scenario in India and its Environmental
Implications
23 January 2009, Delhi
Mother Earth -- Our Home
It is has water, oxygen and a hospitable climate
Population >1 billion
The Challenge: Sustainable Energy
VIEWOFAWINDFARMINTAMILNADU
Energy Consumption Trends {The Pust}
Source: IIASA, Global Energy Perspective
Energy in Indiu
TotuI Primury Energy SuppIy: ,93 Mtoe
{4, % of WorId}
EIectricity generution: 7,97 TWh
{3,Z% of WorId}
Around 30% of Primury Energy SuppIy sourced from
iomuss
Sup in peuk eIectricity demund und suppIy
Source: IEA Energy Statistics 2008 & own
sources
Energy Demund Progections {in Mtoe}
Source: Energy Policy Report, Planning Commission, India
1,818 2031-32
1,417 2026-27
1,082 2021-22
861 2016-17
677 2011-12
Mtoe Year
For 8% GDP growth
EIectricity Demund Progections
Source: Energy Policy Report, Planning Commission, India
778,095 3,880 2031-32
574,748 2,866 2026-27
424,744 2,118 2021-22
305,623 1,524 2016-17
219,992 1,097 2011-12
Installed Capacity
(MW)
Electricity (billion
kWhr)
Year
For 8% GDP growth
CommerciuI Energy Imports for
percent Srowth - yeur Z031-3Z
Source: Energy Policy Report, Planning Commission, India
Fuel Range of
Requirement in
Scenarios
Assumed
Domestic
Production
Range of Imports Import (Percent)
Oil (Mt)
350486 35 315451 9093
Natural Gas
(Mtoe)
100197 100 0-97 0-49
Coal (Mtoe)
632-1022 560 72-462 11-45
Total
Commercial
Primary
Energy
1351-1702

387-1,010 29-59
India Needs More Energy for its
Development
RenewubIe Energy Drivers
Rising energy demund: -7% yeur
Energy security : Net Import: 134,3 Mtoe
{Dependency on imported
oiI increusing}
Access to energy: Around 4 % househoId ure
stiII out of busis eIectricity
services
CIimute chunge: AIthough Indius shure is onIy
4,% of gIobuI emissions
{1,1tCOZ/cupitu much Iess
thun worId uveruge of 4,Z t
COZ/cupitu}
Source: IEA Energy Statistics 2008 & own
sources
Indiun Power Sector
Nuclear
3%
Renewable including
small hydro
9%
Hydro
25%
Thermal
63%
Thermal 91, 907
Hydro 35, 909
Renewable 12,400
Nuclear 4, 120
Total Installed Capacity : 1,44,336 MW
(March 2008)
RenewubIe Energy for DecentruIized AppIicution
We inifiofed our efforfs in eorIy 80s
-There ore Iimifofions
- Differenf IeveIs of success
-Convenience ond offordobiIify mojor issues
-MoinIy subsidy driven
RenewubIe Power : ProposuI for Z007-Z01Z
400 Urbun & IndustriuI
Wustes
14000 TotuI
1700 iomuss &
Cogenerution
1400 SmuII Hydro {upto
Z MW}
1000 Wind
Proposed Turget {MW} RenewubIe energy
source
Distributed RenewubIe Power & Other AppIicutions
{Z007-Z01Z}
10000 viIIuges Remote ViIIuge
EIectrificution
Z miIIion pIunts FumiIy Type
iogus PIunts
miIIion squure metre CoIIector ureu SoIur ThermuI
Systems
1000 MW RenewubIe Power
Stund AIone
Systems
{SoIur
windsmuII hydro
biomuss etc}
Proposed Turgets RenewubIe
energy source
FOCUS AREAS
0rid-inferocfive renewobIe eIecfricify generofion
sysfems
PenewobIe Energy for Urbon, IndusfrioI &
CommercioI AppIicofions
PenewobIe Energy for PuroI AppIicofions
Peseorch, Design & DeveIopmenf in Mew &
PenewobIe Energy 0enerofion ond AppIicofions
EIectricity Act Z003 und NutionuI EIectricity
PoIicy
EA Z003
- Section {1} {e}: promotion of co-generution und
renewubIes through grid connectivity suIe of eIectricity
to uny person und by specifying minimum percentuges
for renewubIes
- Section 1 {h}: turiff determinution for renewubIes
NEP
- ,Z,Z0 - EpIoit feusibIe RenewubIe power potentiuI
encouruge privute purticipution
- ,1Z,1 - RenewubIes being most environmentuIIy
friendIy must be given udequute promotionuI meusures,
Try und reduce cupituI costs und promote competition
- ,1Z,Z - ProgressiveIy shure of renewubIes wouId need
to be increused
RenewubIe Power-Turiff Runge
{in Rs, / kWh}
Wind Power Z,90 -4,0
{TumiI Nudu - Huryunu}
iomuss Power Z,3- 4,00
{Andhru Prudesh- Huryunu}
SmuII Hydro Power Z,Z-3,
{Mudhyu Prudesh - Pungub}
Non-commerciuI fueI such us ugro wuste fueI wood dung cuke etc,
constitute uround 30% of the totuI primury energy suppIy, This is muinIy
used for cooking purposes by over 4% of the ruruI popuIution
Lighting
Around 4% ruruI househoIds in the country stiII use kerosene us primury
source of Iighting despite of huving grid in the most of these ureus
RenewubIes ure the best possibIe option for remote viIIuges
Cooking
LPS connection for providing energy in the ruruI ureus is very Iimited,
In view of the significunt cuttIe popuIution in the country biogus hus u
potentiuI to meet cooking energy needs of uround Z% of the ruruI
popuIution
Energy for RuruI Areus
Approximate number of functional plants: 1.9 million
Annual fuel wood saving : 4.56 million tonne
Annual LPG consumption avoided: 22.8 million cylinder
(normative consumption of 1LPG cylinder/month) (million cylinder)
Annual LPG subsidy avoided: Rs 410.4 million
(@Rs150/cylinder/month)
Enriched manure available for agriculture 22.9 million tonne
In Addition:-
in time of collection and making of fuel: 2 Hrs
Reduced cooking time: 1 Hr
Slurry from biogas plant : 300 kg nitrogen equivalent/year
Employment generation : 30 person days per plant
Biogas: Socio-economic benefits
Investment in Renewables in India
Indias Renewable energy programme is primarily private
sector driven
The annual turnover of the renewable energy industry,
including the power generating technologies for wind and
other sources, has reached a level of over US$ 10 billion
With increased focus on renewables market is expected to
grow significantly
Investment in Renewables in India
Source: SEFI, New Energy Finance 2008
Clean Energy Incubators 2007

Source: SEFI, New Energy Finance 2008

Sectoral Distribution of GHG emissions
Emissions in terms of CO

equivalent
CDM Role
Impact on wind sector development
No primary trigger of investment decisions
Interest and awareness among business stakeholders ICING
ON CAKE
Marketing strategy (competitive edge) for manufacturers and
GREEN IMAGE for industrial investors
Impact on biomass sector development
Replication effect within similar industry groups
Main considerations as of fuel supply issues; captive power
generation; additional income; tax benefits
CDM gained more importance as risk mitigator as biomass
prices hike and sugar prices decline
CER potential trigger secondary/complementary activities
Nationl Action Plan on Climate Change
Released in June 2008
Focuses on the principle of equity
Welcomes international cooperation for R&D, sharing and
transfer of technologies
Outlines eight national missions
National Solar Mission: To significantly increase the share of
solar energy in the total energy mix while recognizing the need to
expand the scope of other renewable and non-fossil options such
as nuclear energy, wind energy and biomass.
R&D in RenewubIes
TechnoIogies ure ut different Stuges of DeveIopment
Research
Development
Demonstration
Commercialisation
Demonstration
Development
Research
RenewubIes in New WorId Order
RenewubIes ure uIreudy seen us un importunt option for sustuinubIe
worId with curbon-free energy economy
Etensive R&D efforts ure in progress to significuntIy reduce the cost
of renewubIe systems
Indiu is one the mugor countries thut huve put in pIuce mugor poIicies
for R&D und depIoyment of renewubIes
RenewubIes upurt from us energy soIutions ure uIso seen us energy
uccess vehicIe-thut uItimuteIy Ieuds to sustuinubIe deveIopment,
A bright future for renewables