--

.1:0

AMETAAAA

ME
, Li, , Na, Ag: +1

ME APNH TIKOTEPO

F, CI, Br, J: -1

F: -1

Ca, Ba, Mg, Zn: +2

Br: +1, +3, +5

Al, Bi: +3

CI, J: +1, +3, +5, +7

Cu, Hg: +1, +2

O: -2

O: -2, -1(), +2( F2O)

Au: +l,+3

S: -2

S: +4, +6

Fe, Co, Ni: +2, +3

, P, Sb, As: -3

, , Sb, As: +3, +5

Pb, Sn, Pt: +2, +4

Cr:+2, +3, +6

C, Si: -4
B: -3

C, Si: +4
B: +3

Mn: +2, +4, +6, +7

II.2:

OH:
CN:
3:
2:
CI O4:
3:
2:
:
4: (/)
4:

54:
8()3:
C03:Av
Cr04:X
Cr207:
2:
Pb03:Mo
P b 0 2 :

4:
3 :
13:
84:
83:()

HC03:0v
I IS04:OHivri
5:

04:0
24: .

II.3:
, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg, , , , Cr, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Ag, Hg, Pt, Au

II.4:
F2, , Cl 2 , Br 2 , 2, J2, S, , , C

-- II.5:
1 (AAKAAIA):

Li(3), Na(ll), (19), Rb(37), Cs(55), Fr(87)

2 (

): Be(4), Mg(12), Ca(20), Sr(38), Ba(56), Ra(88)

7 (): F(9), Cl(17), Br(35), J(53), At(85),

(

): He(2), Ne(10), Ar(18), Kr(36), Xe(54), Rn(86)

II.6:
%(w/w): %

g 100 g

%(w/v): % ' ( ) g 100 ml

%(/): % ' ( ) ml 100 ml
(Molarity): ' mol
: C=n/V
m (Molality): mol Kg
(Normality):

g-eqs , ,
.

II.7:

: HC1, HBr, HJ, 3, HC104, H2SO4 (' )

: HCN, H2S, H2CO3, HF,
: KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2-
,

.
: 3,

.8:

( )

( )

H2S04 (, )
(>3 ()
3 ()

> S 0 2
> 2
> NO

HX (X: CI, Br, J)

H2S
H2SO3

->2

-> S
-> H2SO4

B. A A AT A

-> M n 2 +

K2Cr207
K2Cr04

->Cr3+
->Cr3+

CaOCl2
..
( FeCl3
S11CI4

-> CaCl2
->
A.O.
-> FeCl2
-> SnCl2)

NaX (X: CI, Br, J)

..
(. FeCl2
S11CI2

->2

->
->
->
->
..
-> FeCl3
-> S11CI4)

- .
22
CuO

S0 2

(. CuO
.

.
->2
-> Cu
->s
->
-> Cu)

2
03
2 (: CI, Br, J)

22
*co
so2
FeO

->0 "
>-

> 2

--> c o 2
> SO3 (H2SO4)
> Fe203

->02"

> S 0 2 S 0 3 (H2SO4)

C

> +
> CO C02

.
[ CUSO4 + NaOH]
[ &3 + 3 ]

-> CU20 + Na2S04

-> Ag + 43

HCOOH
(COOH)2

>2
>
>
>
->C02
- > C02

-- -.9: - (Systeme International

1
m
t

Celsius
n
V

.10:

" '
m (metre)
kg (kilogram)
s (second)
(Kelvin)

lm= 100 cm, lm= 1000 mm
lKg=1000g
lmin=60sec, lh=3600sec
T=273 +

mol
m 3 (cubic metre) lm 3 =1000 1, 1 1=1000 ml
kg/m 3
J (joule)
1 J=10 7 erg, 1 cal= 4,184 J
2
Pa (pascal, N/m ) 1 atm= 1,01325.10s Pa
1 alm=76 cm Hg = 760 mm Hg
1 torr=l mm Hg
1 bar^lO 5 Pa=0,987 atm
Pa (pascal, N/m2)
(newton)
1 =15 dyn

Avogadro


Faraday
-

- IUPAC)

R
( No)
Vm
e
F

me

0,082057 1 atm mol"1 "1

6,02209 . 10 23 /mol
22,414 1
1,60219 10"19 C
96485 C/mol
3,1415926
9,1066 "28 g