9ng Day Truyen Song

9He So Phan Xa, Tr Khang ng Day

9Hien Tng Song ng, He So Song ng

I. ng Day Truyen Song

Phan Tch ng Day Truyen Song

V
f
2


)
)
)
)

Cac Thong So S Cap Cua ng Day Truyen Song

R (Ohm/m) : ien tr tuyen tnh, ac trng cho ien tr
thuan cua mot n v chieu dai day dan.
L (H/m) : ien cam tuyen tnh, ac trng cho ien cam
tng ng cua mot n v chieu dai ng truyen song.
C (F/m) : ien dung tuyen tnh, ac trng cho ien dung
tren mot n v chieu dai ng truyen song.
G (S/m) : ien dan tuyen tnh, ac trng ien dan thuan
cua lp ien moi tren mot n v dai ng truyen song.
4

1) Phng Trnh Truyen Song

T nh luat Kirchoff ve ien ap:

i ( x, t )
v( x, t ) = v( x + x, t ) + R.x.i ( x, t ) + L.x.
t
T nh luat Kirchoff ve dong ien:
v( x + x, t )
i ( x, t ) = i ( x + x, t ) + G.x.v( x + x, t ) + C.x.
t
5

i ( x, t )

v( x, t ) = v( x + x, t ) + R.x.i ( x, t ) + L.x. t

i ( x, t ) = i ( x + x, t ) + G.x.v( x + x, t ) + C.x. v( x + x, t )

t
Chuyen sang mien tan so:

V ( x, ) = V ( x + x, ) + ( R + j L).x. I ( x, )

I ( x, ) = I ( x + x, ) + (G + jC ).x.V ( x + x, )
Suy ra:
V ( x + x, ) V ( x, )
= ( R + j L).I ( x, )

I ( x + x, ) I ( x, ) = (G + jC ).V ( x + x, )

x
6

V ( x + x, ) V ( x, )
= ( R + j L).I ( x, )

I ( x + x, ) I ( x, ) = (G + jC ).V ( x + x, )

Khi:

x 0
V ( x, )
= ( R + j L).I ( x, )
x

I ( x, ) = (G + jC ).V ( x, )
x

2V ( x, )
= ( R + j L)(G + jC ).V ( x, )

2
x
2
I ( x, ) = ( R + j L)(G + jC ). I ( x, )
x 2
7

 2V ( x, )
= ( R + j L)(G + jC ).V ( x, )

2
x
2
I ( x, ) = ( R + j L)(G + jC ). I ( x, )
x 2

at:

( ) = ( R + j L)(G + jC )
2V ( x, ) 2
= ( ).V ( x, )
2
x
2 I ( x, ) 2
= ( ). I ( x, )
2
x

Moi phng trnh co dang:

f '' + a1. f ' + a2 . f = 0 , a1 = 0

8

2) Nghiem Cua Phng Trnh Truyen Song

Phng trnh:

2V ( x, ) 2
= ( ).V ( x, )
2
x
Nghiem co dang:

V ( x, ) = V+ . e

( ). x

+ V . e

( ). x

V ( x) = V+ .e . x + V .e . x
Vi:

= + j
V ( x) = V+ .e

. x

.e

j .x

.x

+ V .e .e

j .x
9

V ( x) = V+ .e

. x

.e

j .x

.x

+ V .e .e

j .x

Xet thanh phan th 1:

V+ .e

. x

.e

j .x

(Song ti)

Xet thanh phan th 2:

V .e . x .e j . x

(Song phan xa)

10

Phng trnh song dong ien:

I ( x, ) 2
= ( ). I ( x, )
2
x
2

Co nghiem:

I ( x ) = I + .e

. x

+ I .e

.x

Quan he vi song ien ap:

V+
I+ =
,
Z0

V
I =
Z0

V+ . x V . x
I ( x) =
e
e
Z0
Z0
11

3) Cac Thong So Th Cap Cua ng Day Truyen Song

a) He So Truyen Song:

( ) = ( ) + j ( ) = ( R + j L)(G + jC )
b) He So Suy Hao:

( ) , [ Np / m ]
[ Np / m ]

[ dB / m ] = 20.log10 e

( ) , [ dB / m ]

= (20 log10 e).[ Np / m ]

= 8, 68.[ Np / m ]
V du: Mot ng truyen song co he so suy hao la
1 Np/m, tc la khi song lan truyen qua 1 m
chieu dai ng truyen song th bien o se
b suy hao 8,68 dB (2,7 lan).
12

c) He So Pha:

( ) , [ rad / m ] , [ o / m ]

The hien o thay oi pha cua song khi song lan truyen
tren mot n v chieu dai ng truyen song.
Quan he gia he so pha va bc song:

* Trng Hp ng Truyen Khong Ton Hao:

R = 0, G = 0
( ) = ( R + j L)(G + jC ) = j LC

( ) = 0
( ) = LC
13

d) Tr Khang ac Tnh ( Z0 ) :

14

at: Z = R + j L , Y = G + jC

Z 0 = Z x +
// Z 0
Y x

Z
R + j L
=
Khi: x 0 Z 0 =
Y
G + jC

ng truyen khong ton hao: Z 0 =

L
= R0 , [ ]
C
15

16

e) Van Toc Truyen Song (Van toc pha):

La quang ng song lan truyen

trong moi n v thi gian.

[rad / s ]
V =
, [m / s] =

[rad / m]

EX 3.2 P66, EX 3.3 P67

17

II. He So Phan Xa,Tr Khang ng Day

1) He So Phan Xa

V ( x) = V+ .e . x + V .e . x

a) He So Phan Xa ien Ap:

V e x V 2 x
song phan xa
V ( x ) =
= e
( x ) =
x
V+ e
V+
song ti
18

b) He So Phan Xa Dong ien

I ( x) = I + .e . x + I .e . x
V+ . x V . x
I ( x) =
e
e
Z0
Z0

I e x
I 2 x
I ( x) =
= e
x
I+e
I+

Z 0 2 x
e = V ( x )
=
V+
Z0

Thong thng ch quan tam ti he

so phan xa ien ap, quy uc:

V =
19

c) S Phan Xa Cong Suat

Pti = V+ .e . x

)(

)
)( I

I + .e . x , Pphan xa = V .e . x

Pt = V+ .e . x + V .e . x

. x
.x
.
e
+
I
.
e
+

)(

I .e . x

Pt = V+ .e . x (1 + V ( x ) ) I + .e . x (1 + I ( x) )

Pt = Pti 1 V2 ( x ) = Pti Pti V2 ( x )


 

P phan xa
20

d) Tnh He So Phan Xa Tai mot iem bat ky

Thong Qua He So phan Xa Tai Tai:

V 2 l
V (l ) = e
V+
V 2 x V 2 ( l d )
e = e
Tai iem x = (l d ) : V ( x ) =
V+
V+
Tai tai:

V 2 l 2 d
= e .e
= V (l ).e 2 d
V+
21

V ( x) = V (l ).e 2 d
Vi: = + j

V ( x) = V (l ).e 2 d .e j 2 d

22

V ( x) = V (l ).e 2 d .e j 2 d
Khi dich chuyen ve pha nguon mot oan d = / 2
Vector V se xoay mot goc bao nhieu?

2
d =2
2 d = 2
= 2

2
23

e) He So Phan Xa Tai Tai:

V (l ) = V+ .e .l + V .e .l
V+ .l V .l
I (l ) =
e
e
Z0
Z0
24

V (l ) = V+ .e .l + V .e .l
V+ .l V .l
I (l ) =
e
e
Z0
Z0
V+ e l + V e l
V (l )
ZL =
= Z0
l
l
I (l )
V+ e V e
l
V e
1+
l
V+ e
1 + (l )
= Z0
Z L = Z0
l
V e
1 (l )
1
V+ e l
Z L Z0
(l ) =
Z L + Z0
25

f) Mot So Trng Hp ac Biet:

z

Trng hp tai phoi hp tr khang:

Z L Z0
(l ) =
=0
Z L + Z0
( x) = (l ).e 2 d = 0 , x
Khong co song phan xa
Tr khang ac tnh chuan: 50 , 75 , 300 , 600
26

Trng hp tai noi tat:

Z L Z0
(l ) =
= 1
Z L + Z0
Phan xa toan bo

V e l
l
l
V
e
V
e
(l ) =

+
l
V+ e

Tai tai, song ti va song phan xa ngc pha nhau V (l ) = 0

27

Trng hp tai H mach:

Z L Z0
(l ) =
= 1 I (l ) = 1
Z L + Z0
Phan xa toan bo

I e l = I + e l I (l ) = 0
Tai tai, song dong ien ti va phan xa triet tieu nhau
28

Trng hp tai Thuan khang:

jX L R0
(l ) =
jX L + R0

(l ) = 1

Phan xa toan bo

29

2) Tr Khang ng Day

V (x)
Z (x) =
I (x)
30

V ( x) = V+ .e . x + V .e . x
V+ . x V . x
I ( x) =
e
e
Z0
Z0
. x
.x
V+ .e + V .e
Z ( x) = Z 0
V+ .e . x V .e . x
Tai Tai:

(1)
(2)

V (l )
Z (l ) = Z L =
I (l )

Z L .I (l ) = V (l ) = V+ .e .l + V .e .l
T (2) ta co:

Z 0 .I ( x ) = V+ .e . x V .e . x
Z 0 .I (l ) = V+ .e .l V .e .l
31

 Z L .I (l ) = V+ .e .l + V .e .l

.l
.l
Z 0 .I (l ) = V+ .e V .e
I (l )

.l
V
(
Z
Z
)
e
=
+
L
0
+
2

V = I (l ) ( Z Z )e .l
L
0

2

V+ .e . x + V .e . x
Thay vao : Z ( x) = Z 0
V+ .e . x V .e . x
( Z L + Z 0 ) e ( l x ) + ( Z L Z 0 ) e ( l x )
Z ( x) = Z 0
( Z L + Z 0 ) e ( l x ) ( Z L Z 0 ) e ( l x )
32

Ta co: d = (l x )

Z L ( e d + e d ) + Z 0 ( e d e d )
Z ( x) = Z 0
Z L ( e d e d ) + Z 0 ( e d + e d )
Ap dung:

eu + e u
eu e u
ch(u) =
, sh(u) =
2
2

Z L .ch( d ) + Z 0 .sh( d )
Z ( x) = Z 0
Z L .sh( d ) + Z 0 .ch( d )
Va:

sh(u) eu e u
th(u) =
= u u
ch(u) e + e

Z L + Z 0 .th( d )
Z ( x) = Z 0
Z 0 + Z L .th( d )
33

Trng hp ng day khong ton hao:

= j

Z 0 = R0 , So thc
e j d e j d
Khi o: th( d ) = th( j d ) = j d
e + e j d
Ap dung:

e ju = cos(u) + j sin(u)

2 j sin( d )
th( j d ) =
= j.tg( d )
2 cos( d )

Z L + j.R0 .tg ( d )
Z ( x) = R0
R0 + j.Z L .tg ( d )
34

Mot So Trng Hp ac Biet:

Trng hp tai phoi hp tr khang

Z L = R0 , So thc

Z L + j.R0 .tg ( d )
Z ( x) = R0
= R0 , d hoac x
R0 + j.Z L .tg ( d )

35

Trng hp tai noi tat:

ZL = 0

Z L + j.R0 .tg ( d )
Z ( x) = R0
= j.R0 .tg ( d )
R0 + j.Z L .tg ( d )
Z ( x) = j. X ( d ) , thuan khang

36

Z ( x ) = j.R0 .tg ( d ) = j. X ( d ) , thuan khang

H Mach
Noi tat

ng dung ng day truyen song e thay the cac phan t

ien cam, ien dung ( 1 tan so nhat nh)
37

Trng hp tai h mach:

ZL =

Z L + j.R0 .tg ( d )
R0
Z ( x) = R0
=
R0 + j.Z L .tg ( d ) j.tg ( d )
= j.R0 .cotg( d )
Z ( x) = j. X ( d ) , thuan khang

38

Z ( x) = j.R0 .cotg( d ) = j. X ( d ) , thuan khang

Noi tat
H Mach

39

Trng hp tai Thuan khang:

Z L = j. X L

jX L + j.R0 .tg ( d )
, Thuan ao
Z ( x ) = R0
R0 X L .tg ( d )
Z ( x) : thuan khang
Xc nh tr khng c tnh , tr khng ti , v h s truyn sng qua vic
o c thc t: p77, Ex 3.9

40

ng Truyen Mot phan t bc song

R0
Z in

l=

ZL

Z L + j.R0 .tg ( l ) Z = R
T : Z (0) = R0
in
ZL
R0 + j.Z L .tg ( l )

2
0

Neu tai h mach: Z L Z in = 0

Neu tai ngan mach: Z L = 0 Z in

R02
Z in =
ZL

R0 = Z L .Z in

ng dung lam mach bien oi tr khang

Ex 3.5 p71
41

ng Truyen Na bc song

Z0
Z in
l=

ZL

Z in = Z L

42

3) Quan he gia tr khang ng day va he so phan xa:

V+ .e . x + V .e . x
Z ( x) = Z 0
V+ .e . x V .e . x

V .e . x
1+
V+ .e . x
= Z0
V .e . x
1
. x
V+ .e

1 + ( x)
Z ( x) = Z 0
1 ( x)

Z ( x) Z 0
( x) =
Z ( x) + Z 0
Ex: 3.11 p78, (cch 2 p80)
43

4) Dan Nap ng Day:

1
Y (x) =
= G( x ) + jB( x )
Z (x)

Z L + Z 0 .th( d )
T : Z ( x ) = Z 0
Z 0 + Z L .th( d )
1 Z 0 + Z L .th( d )
Y ( x) =
.
Z 0 Z L + Z 0 .th( d )
1/ Y0 + 1/ YL .th( d )
Y ( x ) = Y0 .
1/ YL + 1/ Y0 .th( d )
YL + Y0 .th( d )
Y ( x ) = Y0 .
Y0 + YL .th( d )
44

5) Tr Khang Chuan Hoa, Dan Nap Chuan Hoa

Tr khang chuan hoa:

Z ( x)
z ( x) =
Z0
Dan nap chuan hoa:

Y ( x)
y ( x) =
Y0

45

III. Hien Tng Song ng, He So Song ng

1) Hien Tng Song ng

Song ti va song phan xa giao thoa tao ra cac

iem bung song va nut song.

46

tt ==
t=
T/8
03T/8
T/4
T/2

Song ti,
song phan xa

VMax
Song
Tong

VMin
47

2) He So Song ng
Ap dung oi vi ng day khong ton hao

VMax
S=
= VSWR
VMin
VMax = Bien osong ti + bien osong phan xa
VMin = Bien osong ti bien osong phan xa

Ta co: V ( x) = V+ .e j x + V .e j x
VMax = V+ + V , VMin = V+ V
V+ + V
V+ + V+
S=
=
V+ V
V+ V+
Ex. 3.13 p86

S=

1+
1
48

Bung ien ap ~ Nut dong ien

VMax ~ I Min
I Min = I + I = I + I +
V+
I Min =
1 )
(
R0
Va : VMax = V+ + V = V+ + . V+
Tai o tr khang ng day la so thc, cc ai

RMax

1+
VMax
=
= R0
= R0 .S
I Min
1
49

Nut ien ap ~ Bung dong ien

VMin ~ I Max
I Max = I + + I = I + + I +

I Max

V+
=
1+ )
(
R0

Va : VMin = V+ V = V+ . V+
Tai o tr khang ng day la so thc, cc tieu

RMin

1 R0
VMin
=
= R0
=
1+
I Max
S
50

Xc nh tr khng ng dy bng cch o h s sng ng, p86

Ex3.14

51

TOM TAT CHNG 1

52

I. ng Day Truyen Song

53

Cac Thong So S Cap Cua ng Day

R (Ohm/m) : ien tr tuyen tnh

L (H/m) : ien cam tuyen tnh
C (F/m) : ien dung tuyen tnh
G (S/m) : ien dan tuyen tnh

54

1) Phng Trnh Truyen Song

2V ( x, ) 2
= ( ).V ( x, )
2
x
2 I ( x, ) 2
= ( ). I ( x, )
2
x

Ch xet mot tan so:

V ( x) 2
= .V ( x)
2
x
2
I ( x) 2
= . I ( x)
2
x
2

55

2) Nghiem Phng Trnh Truyen Song

. x

.x

V ( x) = V+ .e
+ V .e
N


Song Ti

Song Phan Xa

I ( x ) = I + .e . x + I .e . x
V+
I+ =
,
Z0

V
I =
Z0
56

3) Cac Thong So Th Cap

He So Truyen Song:
He So Suy Hao:
He So Pha:

( ) = ( ) + j ( )

( ) , [ Np / m ]

( ) , [ dB / m ]

( ) , [ rad / m ] , [ o / m ]
=

Tr Khang ac Tnh :

Z0 , []

ng truyen khong ton hao : Z 0 R0

57

II. He So Phan Xa, Tr Khang ng Day

Song Phan Xa
1) He So Phan Xa: =
Song Ti

V = I
He So Phan Xa Tai Tai :

ZL Z 0
(l ) = L =
ZL + Z 0
Tnh He So Phan Xa
Tai iem x thong qua L :

( x) = L .e 2 d
58

2) Tr Khang ng Day:

Z L + Z 0 .th( d )
Z ( x) = Z 0
Z 0 + Z L .th( d )
ng truyen
khong ton hao:

Z L + j.R0 .tg ( d )
Z ( x) = R0
R0 + j.Z L .tg ( d )

3) Dan nap ng day : Y ( x ) = Y .

0

YL + Y0 .th( d )
Y0 + YL .th( d )

59

4) Quan He Gia Tr Khang ng Day Va He So Phan Xa

Z ( x) Z 0
( x) =
Z ( x) + Z 0
1 + ( x)
Z ( x) = Z 0
1 ( x)
5) Tr Khang Chuan Hoa:

Z ( x)
z ( x) =
Z0

Dan Nap Chuan Hoa:

Y ( x)
y ( x) =
Y0
60

III. Hien Tng Song ng, He So Song ng

1) Hien Tng Song ng

Song ti va song phan xa giao thoa tao ra cac

iem bung song va nut song.

61

2) He So Song ng

1+
S=
= VSWR
1
Bung ien ap ~ Nut dong ien

RMax

1+
VMax
=
= R0
= R0 .S
I Min
1

Nut ien ap ~ Bung dong ien

RMin

1 R0
VMin
=
= R0
=
1+
I Max
S
62