:

1- Elements of Vibration Analysis

By: Leonard Meirovich
2- Analytical Methods in Vibrations
By: Leonard Meirovich
3- Vibration for Engineers
By: Andrew Dimarogonas
4- Fundamentals of Mechanical vibration
By: S. Graham Kelly
." "

5- Mechanical Vibrations
By: - Singiresu S. Rao
" " - -

6- Theory of Vibrations with Applications

By: - W.T. Thompson and M.D. Dahleh
" " - -
7- Theory and Problems of Mechanical vibrations, SCHAUMS OUTLINE
SERIES
By: William W.Seto
" " - :


) (
-1 n
) (


-2



-3


: .

initial
disturbance

stable

neutral

time
x

time
unstable

initial
disturbance

stable

time
x

time

initial
disturbance

time

unstable


.
. .
) x = A sin (t

Tacoma Narrows Bridge

Amplitude

-1
-2
-3

)(3

)(2
) (1

Frequency

) m&x& + cx& + kx = F (t
k 0
.
c
k
2

=
= x&& + 2n x& + n x = F (t ) n
2 m n
m

F1 = 440 Hz
F2 = 880 Hz

F1=1.85 Hz
F2=2.56 Hz
F3=2.92 Hz
F4=3.96 Hz

F1=0.6 Hz

F2=1.6 Hz
F3=2.8 Hz



-1
-2
-3
-4

m1

m1
k

m2
c

m3
c

m2

k
m3

m1
c