X L D LIU THNG K THC NGHIM BNG PHN MM BNG TNH

Experiment Statistical Dataset Processing With Spreadsheet Software

Nguyn Anh Tun(1) , Nhm Tnh Ton K Thut Vin Khoa Hc v Cng Ngh Tnh Ton Tp.HCM Tm tt: X l d liu l mt vn m chng ta thng hay i mt khng ch trong kinh t m cn trong k thut. Trong , x l d liu thng k thc nghim ng mt vai tr quan trng ban u trong qu trnh x l d liu. X l d liu c th c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh nh gi tin cy h thng kt cu hay trong vn bo dng thit b cng nghip (u my xe la, ng c tu thy). Bi vit ny s gii thiu gii php x l d liu thng k thc nghim bng mt chng trnh bng tnh thng dng. Abstract: Data processing is a problem that we often face not only economic but also in engineering. In particular, the statistical processing of experimental data plays an important role early in the process of data processing. Data processing can be applied in many different areas such as assessment of reliability in the system or structural problems of industrial maintenance equipment (locomotives, marine engines ...). This article will introduce solutions for data processing using a statistical experimental common spreadsheet program. T kha: Thng k thc nghim, x l d liu, bng tnh, hm mt thc nghim 1. GII THIU Trong lnh vc bo dng h thng k thut, cc k s thng xuyn phi thu thp v x l d liu v d x l d liu thng k h hng trong cc h thng k thut hoc nh gi tin cy ca kt cu k thut. T , cc k s xy dng tin trnh bo dng ph V Trng Cang(2) B mn Tu Thy, Khoa K Thut Giao Thng i hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM hp bng vic phn tch d liu thng k h hng thu thp. Qua , cc k s s ti u ha mt cch hiu qu chi ph s dng h thng v gip ko di tui th ca h thng k thut nh qui trnh bo dng hp l. n thi im hin ti, Vit Nam c rt nhiu chng trnh c xy dng lin quan n vn tin cy v x l d liu thng k nh chng trnh ca Gs. Ts. Bnh Tin Long v Ths. Nguyn nh Mn xy dng chng trnh trn nn Matlab, v chng trnh xc nh qui lut phn phi ca Gs. c Tun [9,10]. Ngy nay, s pht trin mnh m ca cc chng trnh bng tnh gip cc nh nghin cu thng k cng nh cc k s gii quyt mt cch hiu qu cc vn trn trong lnh vc x l d liu. Hin nay c rt nhiu chng trnh bng tnh khc nhau nh chng trnh Lanpar, VisiCalc, Lotus 1-2-3, Apple Numbers, Gnumeric... Mt trong s cc chng trnh bng tnh , th Microsoft Excel c xem l ph bin Vit Nam. Bi vit ny s tp trung gii thiu n ngi c cch thc x l d liu thng k thc nghim trong Excel 2007. 2. QUI TRNH X L THNG K THC NGHIM Sau khi tin hnh qu trnh x l s liu th, qu trnh x l s liu thc nghim s c tin hnh theo s nh hnh 1. Trc tin, d liu s c chia ra cc nhm nh vi rng ca nhm. rng nhm h s c tnh theo cng thc (1.81) trong [1] nh sau (2.1)

Trong : n: tng s d liu thng k xmax , xmin : gi tr ln nht v nh nht trong tp d liu thng k Nhm 1 t xmin n xmin + h Nhm 2 t xmin + h n xmin + 2h Nhm 3 t xmin + 2h n xmin + 3h Tip tc phn nhm n khi cha cc s liu thng k. Tip theo l xc nh trung v ca nhm. Trung v ca nhm 1: x1 = xmin + Trung v ca nhm 2: x2 = xmin + Trung v ca nhm 3: x3 = xmin + Tip tc cho n nhm cui cng. K tip l xc nh tn xut ca cc nhm. (2.2) Vi: ri : tn xut ca mi nhm mi : tn s ca mi nhm n : tng s gi tr thng k Lu : vi k l s nhm. XC NH PHN PHI L THUYT Hnh 1. S x l d liu thng k thc nghim trong Excel 2007 3. NG DNG TRONG EXCEL 2007 V th ca pi QUI TRNH X L D LIU THNG K THC NGHIM \ Tnh trung v xi , tn s mi , tn sut ri Chia nhm S liu thc nghim

X l ban u

Tnh gi tr mt phn b thc nghim pi

Tnh k vng E(X), phng sai D(X), lch chun

Sau l tnh gi tr hm mt phn b thc nghim theo cng thc sau (2.3) K vng ton ca phn b thc nghim c tnh theo cng thc sau (2.4) Phng sai ca phn b thc nghim c tnh theo cng thc sau. (2.5) lch chun c xc nh bng cch ly cn bc hai ca phng sai nh sau (2.6)

Hnh 2. D liu u vo D liu u vo cha 8 gi tr v c chia lm 4 nhm (Xem hnh 2 v hnh 5). Hnh 2 n hnh 11 m t cc kt qu thc hin trong Excel theo tng bc. D liu u vo trong nghin cu ny gii hn 513 s liu ngu nhin v ti a c chia thnh 10 nhm. Sau khi nhp gi tr u vo,

ton b qu trnh tnh ton s c cp nht hon ton t ng.

Hnh 7. Tn s ca mi nhm t dng 45 54

Hnh 3. Hm Excel trong x l ban u Hnh 8. Tn sut ca mi nhm t dng 55 -64

Hnh 4. Kt qu sau khi x l ban u E45 = IF(D25<>" ",COUNTIF($E$3:$E$12,">="&E25)COUNTIF($E$3:$E$12,">"&G25)," ") Hm COUNTIF E45 m cc gi tr ri vo khon [190, 242.522) cho nhm u tin (trong E25 v G25, xem hnh 5). C47 kim tra kch c d liu (hnh 7) v C57 kim tra tng tn sut lun lun bng (hnh 8).

Hnh 9. Gi tr hm mt phn b thc nghim t dng 65 -74

Hnh 10. Hm SUMPRODUCT tnh gi tr k vng v phng sai E85 = SUMPRODUCT((E55:E64,E35:E44) cho ra gi tr k vng c xc nh theo cng thc (2.4). Hm SUMPRODUCT cho ra gi tr c nhn theo hang ngang gia 2 ct E55 E64 v E35 E44 (Hnh 6 v hnh 8. Sau , n cng cc gi tr li vi nhau.

Hnh 5. Chia nhm t dng 25 - 34 (10 nhm)

E86 = SUMPRODUCT(E75:E84,E55:E64) cho ra gi tr c tnh theo cng thc (2.5). E87 = SQRT(E86) tnh gi tr lch chun bng cch cn bc hai phng sai.

Hnh 6. Trung v ca mi nhm t dng 35- 34

0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000 400.000

TI LIU THAM KHO 1. Nguyn nh Huy v u Th Cp. 2003. Xc Sut v Thng K. NXB H Quc Gia Tp.HCM. Vit Nam. 2. Nguyn Minh Tun. 2007. Thng k ng dng trong kinh doanh S dng Excel. NXB Thng K. Vit Nam. 3. Hong Trng, Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc. 2007. Thng k ng dng trong kinh t x hi. NXB Thng K. Vit Nam 4. H Tn Mn, L Hong Ln. Cc hm thng dng v in n trong Excel. NXB Thng K. Vit Nam. 5. Microsoft Office 2007. Excel Help. USA. 6. Paul McFedries. 2007. Formulas and Functions with Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Pearson Education Inc. USA 7. E. Joseph Billo. 2007. Excel for Scientists and Engineers - Numerical Methods. John Wiley & Sons Inc Publication. New Jersey. USA. 8. V trng Cang, Hong Quang Vinh. tin cy ca u my xe la qua kho st mt s chi tit chuyn ng trn u my vn dng ti Si gn. HN KHCN-10 HBK-HCM 10/2007 - Phn Ban K thut Giao thng, (tr 711). 9. c Tun, V Trng Cang . Xc nh c trng hao mn v thi hn lm vic ca b trc bnh xe u my Diezel truyn ng in vn dng ti X Nghip u My Si Gn. TC Khoa hc GTVT, s 28- thng 11/2009. 10. Bnh Tin Long, Nguyn nh Mn. Xy dng phn mm xc nh lut phn phi chnh xc ca cc i lng ngu nhin dung cho vic nghin cu tin cy ca cc sn phm c kh. TC C kh Vit Nam, s 47 (tr 47 49) .

Hnh 11. th ng cong trn m t hm mt phn b thc nghim trong Excel ng dng m rng cho ngi c: C th p dng cch thc tnh cho d liu ln hn 513 s liu. p dng tng bc trong nghin cu ny cho cc chng trnh bng tnh khc. Bi vit gip ngi c hon ton c th t tin hnh qui trnh x l d liu theo phng php ny trn Excel.

4. KT LUN y l gii phi kh thi v hu ch trong ng dng hm Excel x l s liu thng k thc nghim. Bn cnh , bi vit ny cng xut mt s n gin phn tch d liu thng k trong k thut. Ngoi ra, cc k s v cc nh nghin cu c th ng dng mt cch d dng phng php ny khi x l tp d liu ln hn. Cui cng, bi vit ny a ra qui trnh x l s liu thng k thc nghim v xc dnh hm mt phn b thc nghim. y s l bc ban u trc khi tin hnh xc dnh s ph hp ca by quy lut phn phi tip theo gm phn phi chun, logarit chun, phn phi m, phn phi gamma, phn phi Weibull, phn phi Rayleigh v phn phi Maxwell.

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