CENG 302 Introduction to Database Management Systems

Nihan Kesim iekli email: nihan@ceng.metu.edu.tr URL: http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~nihan/ceng302

CENG 302
Instructor: Nihan Kesim iekli Office: A308 Email: nihan@ceng.metu.edu.tr Lecture Hours: Tue. 10:40-11:30 (IE102); Thu. 13:40-15:30 (IE102) Course Web page: http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~nihan/ceng302 Teaching Assistant: Ali An l S nac

Text Books and References

1. Raghu Ramakrishnan, Database Management Systems, McGraw Hill, 3rd edition, 2003 (text book). 2. R. Elmasri, S.B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, 4th edition, Addison-Wesley, 2004. 3. A. Silberschatz, H.F. Korth, S. Sudarshan, Database System Concepts, McGraw Hill, 4th edition, 2002.

Grading
Assignments Midterm 1 Midterm 2 Final Exam 20 % 25 % 25 % 30 %

Grading Policies
Policy on missed midterm: no make-up exam Lateness policy: Late assignments are penalized up to 10% per day. All assignments are to be your own work.

Course Outline
Introduction to Relational Database Management Systems The Relational Data Model Relational Algebra SQL QBE Entity-Relationship Model Relational Database Design: Normalization Secondary Storage Devices Sequential Files Indexed Sequential Files Hashing

What Is a DBMS?
 A very large, integrated collection of data.  Models real-world enterprise.
Entities (e.g., students, courses) Relationships (e.g., Tarkan is taking CENG302)

 A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package designed to store and manage databases.

Why Study Databases??

 Shift from computation to information

at the low end: scramble to webspace (a mess!) at the high end: scientific applications Digital libraries, interactive video, Human Genome project, EOS project ... need for DBMS exploding OS, languages, theory, AI, multimedia, logic

 Datasets increasing in diversity and volume.

 DBMS encompasses most of CS

Why Use a DBMS?

 Data independence and efficient access.  Reduced application development time.  Data integrity and security.  Uniform data administration.  Concurrent access, recovery from crashes.

Data Models
 A data model is a collection of concepts for describing data.  A schema is a description of a particular collection of data, using the given data model.  The relational model of data is the most widely used model today.
Main concept: relation, basically a table with rows and columns. Every relation has a schema, which describes the columns, or fields.
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Example: University Database

 Conceptual schema:

Students(sid: string, name: string, login: string, age: integer, gpa:real) Courses(cid: string, cname:string, credits:integer) Enrolled(sid:string, cid:string, grade:string) Relations stored as unordered files. Index on first column of Students. Course_info(cid:string,enrollment:integer)

 Physical schema:

 External Schema (View):

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Instance of Students Relation

Students( sid: string, name: string, login: string, age: integer, gpa: real ) sid 53666 53688 53650 name Jones Smith Smith login jones@cs smith@ee smith@math age 18 18 19 gpa 3.4 3.2 3.8

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Levels of Abstraction
 Many external schemata, single conceptual(logical) schema and physical schema.
External schemata describe how users see the data. Conceptual schema defines logical structure Physical schema describes the files and indexes used.
External Schema 1 External Schema 2 External Schema 3

Conceptual Schema Physical Schema

* Schemas are defined using DDL; data is modified/queried using DML.

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Data Independence
 Applications insulated from how data is structured and stored.  Logical data independence: Protection from changes in logical structure of data.  Physical data independence: Protection from changes in physical structure of data.
* One of the most important benefits of using a DBMS!
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Structure of a DBMS
 A typical DBMS has a layered architecture.  This is one of several possible architectures; each system has its own variations.

These layers must consider concurrency control and recovery

Query Optimization and Execution Relational Operators Files and Access Methods Buffer Management Disk Space Management

DB
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