Adaptive Software Radio

Adaptive Software Radios for Autonomous QoS-Aware Adaptation in Unattended Dynamic Mobile Inter-Networked Environments

Sabera Kazi and Tom Phinney

Honeywell Laboratories

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

Integrated Architecture: UCLA, HL, ITT

Adaptive Applications (HL/ITT)
QoS mgmt per app

(HL/UCLA)

Multidimensional QoS-aware algorithms

app QoS mgmt

ARMMnet
ARMMnet comm
Adaptive Session/Presentation Layer (incl. crypto aspects)

comm QoS mgmt

Distributed Adaptive Resource Management (HL)

(HL/UCLA)

Adaptive Adaptive Transport Layer (peer-peer, peer-multipeer as approp.) QoS mgmt QoS Aware per socket (UCLA) Protocols (HL/UCLA) Adaptive Network Layer (UCLA)
(dynamic clustering) (UCLA) Adaptive Data Link Layer (co-adapts with RF path properties)

OS QoS mgmt

UCLA HL / ITT Data Path QoS Management Path

(ITT/HL)

Adaptive Radios / Wireless Channel

(HL/ITT/UCLA)

FEC & other coding

bit-coding selection

chip/baud generation spreading or turbo & correlation/detection code selection up/downconversion power & beamforming frequency selection antenna & gain selection

Operating System

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

Adaptive Software Radio

Objectives:
Characterize the dynamic mission-critical wireless channel including UAVs and UGVs Estimate channel attributes in real time Design and develop a software interface for controlling the parameters of the software radios Demonstrate robust and seamless data transfer between an air vehicle and a ground station using software radios

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

Adaptive Software Radio

Commercial Radios for Dynamic Adaptation in Mobile QoS-Aware Environments:
Todays commercial radios
do not support adaptive QoS communications do not estimate channel attributes in real time

These radios do not provide dynamic adaptation with ever changing channel attributes

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

Adaptive Software Radio ITT

QoS-Aware SUO Radio Technology by ITT:
ITTs Small Unit Operations (SUO) radio provides:
Channel quality estimation Adaptive link control Energy-based routing

Currently, there is no software management interface to report this information or control these features

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

Adaptive Software Radio ITT

ITT Radios:
SINCGARS

NTDR ENTDR SUO

Small Unit Operations (SUO)

Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS)

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

Adaptive Software Radio ITT

Future of ITTs Radio Technology:
Developing the Enhanced Near Term Digital Radio (ENTDR) 5-fold increase in range at same power and data rate Future radio development is motivated by the program sponsors

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

Adaptive Software Radio COTS

Commercial Software Radio:
ITT SUO radio provides only Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Use commercial software radio to demonstrate
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), M-PSK, FSK etc.

Demonstrate robust and seamless data transfer between an air vehicle and a ground station Provides knowledge of
Current technology limitations Potential problem areas and Make sure that current limitations are overcome by the new technology
DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

Adaptive Software Radio COTS

COTS Software Defined Radio:
yBPSK, DBPSK, QPSK, DQPSK, FSK, and MSK yFrequency of operation: (3.4 - 4.2) GHz yPSK symbol rates from 1.2 Ksps to 16 Msps; yFSK from 1.2 Ksps to 500 Ksps yInput IF of 160 MHz +/- 40 MHz (70 MHz +/- 25 MHz) yPhase estimator assisted TDMA burst acquisition. yTuning resolution less then .05 Hz. yJava remote control over TCP/IP yTDM, TDMA, Push-to-Talk, SCPC yMatched filter CDMA spread spectrum receiver yFEC: Convolutional and Reed Solomon Coding

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

Adaptive Software Radio UCLA

Modular Radio Concept:
Adaptive Modular Radio concept will provide dynamic adaptation in QoS-aware unattended environments Provides control knobs to enable many levels of adaptivity This radio will be developed in this program and will be demonstrated at the end of 2005.

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio UCLA

Modular Radio concept (cont.):
The OFDM modular radio estimates channel on a blockby-block basis. This information is provided to higher layers. Immune to multipath fading Jammed subchannel can be identified and avoided in future blocks Adapts to user mobility by providing variable block lengths

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio UCLA

Modular Radio concept (cont.):
Adapts to dynamic channel characteristics to support required QoS by providing various
Modulation Schemes
M-QAM and M-PSK on each subchannel

Channel Accessing Schemes

FDMA and TDMA, FHSS-CDMA, SDMA

Frequency Selection
Any frequency within the band of operation can be chosen on a per-frame basis

Adaptive Antenna
Smart Antenna and MIMO Space-Time processing

Security
Adaptive antenna combined with DSSS/FHSS can provide covert communications

Transmitted Power Level

Can be uniquely specified for each subchannel
DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Scenarios

Scenario 1: Collaborative Surveillance / Reconnaisance
Multiple UAVs on roughly parallel flight paths Overlapping observation footprints on ground UAVs share and forward interesting features for
relay to over-the-horizon higher command SAR/FLIR/optical imagery as required auto-tasking of followup surveillance / recon passes

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Scenarios

Scenario 2: Ground Support
Wide-area imagery before ground insertion Hi-res spot imagery supporting ground ops Covert data/voice tactical comm link for ground ops All forwarding via other UAVs to over-the-horizon theatre command Potential direct relay via satellite to central command and maybe national command authority
DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Scenarios

Conceptual Scenario:
squad voice/data relay + imagery
UHF squad link to central command: QPSK, 1.5 GHz, 8 kbps, 2 bits/baud antenna beamforming for LPD radio allocation: 0.6% tactical relay UAV

low-observable UAV VHF imagery and squad support uplink: 300 MHz, 1.5 Mbps, 8PSK, 3 bits/baud FHSS for LPD, radio time allocation: 35%

LF squad support link: 20 MHz, 4.8 kbps, DSSS 4 bits/127 chip code word LPD, radio allocation: 20%

spot imagery

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covert SEAL squad (hostage rescue)

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio

Deliverables:
Demonstrate dynamic adaptation of SUO, Software radios and helicopter as UAV in mobile internetworked QoS-aware unattended environments:
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
voice/data comm link with SEAL squad in urban or jungle terrain

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)

inter-UAV comm imagery and ground relay to theatre command

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

voice uplink to satellite, relaying to central command and maybe national command authority
DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio

Deliverables (cont):
QoS-driven adaptation modeled by dynamic reconfiguration of channel definitions during test Produces assessment of simulation fidelity and areas needing improvement Provides knowledge of current COTS technology limitations and potential problem areas

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Scenarios

Conceptual Scenario:
squad voice/data relay + imagery
UHF squad link to central command: QPSK, 1.5 GHz, 8 kbps, 2 bits/baud antenna beamforming for LPD radio allocation: 0.6% tactical relay UAV

low-observable UAV VHF imagery and squad support uplink: 300 MHz, 1.5 Mbps, 8PSK, 3 bits/baud FHSS for LPD, radio time allocation: 35%

LF squad support link: 20 MHz, 4.8 kbps, DSSS 4 bits/127 chip code word LPD, radio allocation: 20%

spot imagery

The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

covert SEAL squad (hostage rescue)

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Scenarios

Squad tracking link:
(high-visibility mission)

UHF squad link to central command: QPSK, 1.5 GHz, 8 kbps, 2 bits/baud antenna beamforming for LPD radio allocation: 0.6% (minimizes sat link use) low-observable UAV

QPSK for minimal satellite channel time burden; permits 300 such missions per 2.5 kHz wide satellite channel antenna beamforming to eliminate backlobe for LPD on ground

LF squad support link: 20 MHz, 4.8 kbps, DSSS 4 bits/127 chip code word LPD, radio allocation: 20% (penetrates urban clutter) covert SEAL squad (hostage rescue)
The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

High chip rate DSSS for maximal LPD 20 MHz channel to penetrate urban environment 4.8 kbps voice due to low channel frequency and high chip rate

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Scenarios

Imagery + squad support
tactical relay UAV

low-observable UAV VHF imagery and squad support uplink: 300 MHz, 1.5 Mbps, 8PSK, 3 bits/baud FHSS for LPD, radio time allocation: 35% (high data rate) imagery
The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

FHSS for high data rate + LPD 1.5 Mbps for imagery

covert SEAL squad (hostage rescue)

300 MHz to demonstrate mid-band at data rate, limited to 35% channel time

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Scenarios

Conceptual Scenario:
squad voice/data relay + imagery
UHF squad link to central command: QPSK, 1.5 GHz, 8 kbps, 2 bits/baud antenna beamforming for LPD radio allocation: 0.6% (minimizes sat link use) low-observable UAV VHF imagery and squad support uplink: 300 MHz, 1.5 Mbps, 8PSK, 3 bits/baud FHSS for LPD, radio time allocation: 35% (high data rate) imagery
The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

tactical relay UAV

LF squad support link: 20 MHz, 4.8 kbps, DSSS 4 bits/127 chip code word LPD, radio allocation: 20% (penetrates urban clutter) covert SEAL squad (hostage rescue)

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Scenarios

Conceptual Scenario:
squad voice/data relay + imagery
UHF squad link to central command: QPSK, 1.5 GHz, 8 kbps, 2 bits/baud antenna beamforming for LPD radio allocation: 0.6% (minimizes sat link use) low-observable UAV VHF imagery and squad support uplink: 300 MHz, 1.5 Mbps, 8PSK, 3 bits/baud FHSS for LPD, radio time allocation: 35% (high data rate) imagery
The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

tactical relay UAV

LF squad support link: 20 MHz, 4.8 kbps, DSSS 4 bits/127 chip code word LPD, radio allocation: 20% (penetrates urban clutter) covert SEAL squad (hostage rescue)

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Scenarios

Time LF squad support link
Control | Adapt Data

UHF central command link

Data

VHF theatre command link

Control | Data

LF

Voice link

tactical relay UAV

UHF MAC coordination

Voice link

Adapt Voice link

VHF
imagery
The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

Imagery link

comm cycle period = 1 s

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Scenarios

Time LF squad support link
Control | Adapt Data

UHF central command link

Data

VHF theatre command link

Control | Data

LF

Voice link

tactical relay UAV

UHF MAC coordination

Voice link

Adapt Voice link

VHF
imagery
The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

Imagery link

comm cycle period = 1 s

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio Testbed

Time LF squad support link
Control | Adapt Data

UHF central command link

Data

VHF theatre command link

Control | Data

LF

Voice link

Thesis Title: Dynamic RF adaptation and per-message channel redefinition in a varying propagation environment

UHF MAC coordination

Voice link

HL COTS demonstration testbed

helicopter moves to give Doppler shift and varying path Adapt Voice link

VHF

Imagery link

LF ground link inside building in lieu of SEAL squad

UHF ground link in lieu of satellite

VHF ground link in lieu of tactical relay UAV

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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Adaptive Software Radio

2001-2005 Tasks:
Select radio: ITT SUO Radio Model selected radio for simulation. Characterize the dynamic mission-critical wireless channel including UAVs and UGVs. Estimate channel attributes in real time. Design and develop a software interface for controlling the parameters of the selected radio. Demonstrate robust and seamless data transfer between an air vehicle and a ground station using the above software radio.

DYNAM IQUE
2001/05/07

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