tonnionccariciceeesions — {h j- | Atoms, otoper & | Alomic structure: Sete eT on Sree ate iceman esant : Rutherford is considered responsible for the we eines serra Tope i For 1: ATOMS, BOTOPES and RADIOISOTOFES Siscron® orig ine nocious planes obi sr. of protons and neuter. 2) ek Qc" Scare of mater His model precited stan atom nuceucin tie energy talons The nuclous|s not a single Body, buts mace up of at leas two kindof particles, rotons and neutrons, held fogether by asrong nuclear foce!. The nucleus an ‘tom occupies 101 o the volume of he atom. yet it contains over 99% of is mass, ‘Afors are mostly empty space. ‘Atomic number ond mass aumbet The alomie number isthe numberof protonsin an atom. Every atom has the same umber of rotons and elections, because hey need fo be electicaly nautal The electrons in an atom have amas! no mass. So the mass of an atoms nearly a {ue foifsprotons and neutions. The mass number = the umber of protons and peut in an atom. ‘Shorthand! for an ator ‘he atomic numbers the number of protonsin Mat Nnber ‘the nucleus ofan alom, The equal othe Rocarsiaacronanesem tone 4B — Srl er seme noeenteneretns coe l Coen Seen cre slant {ond neutrons are sometimes called nucleons "Jacaranda Questions re eatin the ole suplert acrande Question ae edition rctice {pestion: onthe question from Heinen ore compu. S90 the Giger harden Gold ol permet: bin //an wiceci caliber made ‘Mor ivomaten on Song Nucler Force hii /hersuninsoesca/ned tech/nede 78h Page t(BB scm scrote Note Yor 1 28 ‘solonss ‘Alatoms ofa particular element wil have the same number of protons but may have. ‘aifferent number of neufons, These are called kotopes. Iolope: have the some chemical properties but alffeent physical properties. Radosotones ‘Most atom are stable: however some naturally occuring sotopss are unstable. An Unstable nucieus may spontaneously lose energy by emifing @ paricie ond change Into.a diferent element or sotope. Ths proces & called transmutation, onc can Sccurnatvraly or be foreed fo occu aficialy. Unstable atoms are radioactive ond ‘an individual radioactive Kotope & known as a radioisotope, There re over 2000 known radiolotopes, but mes! are artiicialy produced. Page 2Balwyn High School Physics Notes Year 11-2008 ae Weiremann (Wand Jaceranda Op _[ eetien Tages ‘Questions ‘ipha, Beta ‘Decay types wus [aio ‘Gamma Radiation © |wi30 fan2410 i wa. |asciz Radiation properties |in35_|.@2-10 Pest 2: ALPHA, BETA and GANA RADIATION ‘nen an unstable mucous underpass rosfoactive decay, may ejec! a paste. he Wo particle oe apna [a) and Beta partes, gamma fy} adlaton may abo be emia, but ths nol aparicte. he vee decay processes al come om the ueleus the elockron loud does nat ave ef recation Alpha decay(3 ) Thee ae physically idencal fo ehum auc. ond so const of wo protons and ‘euvons. When o nucleus envi on apna parte, ses Iwo protons ana two neurons. ‘Apna parties re ejected with high speeds and are relatively east absorbed by mater. Ronge naa oranary presure is < 100 rr: hey ae cmos! competoly absorbed by Shee! of pape. Most alpho-omilen have high alomic ums. The symbol foran alpha parce can be: fa. fHe!* or a Won an atom changesinte a ferent clement Is sald to have undergone a nucoararsmtion. The now elements) foxmedisealed the daugrter nucleus (nce. In ary nucleo reoeton including radioactive decay, atomic and mass numbers are conserved. INS Meas {ha he lot numberof nucleons the soma before and ater the reaction Alpha wv am ey * Parte Bu seMnvsar+ eneray(7) Page 3