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Form 4

Physics
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The study of matter

Chapter 4: Heat

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Physics: Chapter 4
Objectives:

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(what you will learn) learn)

1) understanding Heat as a form of Energy understanding the Laws

2)

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Heat
Heat is a form of energy. It flows from a hot body to a cold body. SI unit: Joule (J)

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Temperature is the degree of hotness of a body. SI unit: Kelvin (K) Amount of heat in a body depends on: Mass of object Temperature of object Type of object

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Any physical property of a body which varies uniformly with temperature will serve as a measure of temperature.

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Heat
When 2 bodies are in thermal equilibrium, there is no net flow of heat between the two bodies.

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Specific heat capacity, c of a substance = amount of heat neede to raise temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1oC. It is measured in J kg-1 C-1.

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Amount of heat of a body, Q = mc where m = mass of object c = specific heat capacity = change in temperature

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Heat
Latent heat absorbed or released during the change in states, Q = ml where m = mass of object l = specific latent heat

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Specific latent heat of fusion is the heat needed to change 1 kg of a substance from solid state to liquid state without any change in temperature. It is also the amount of heat needed to change 1 kg of the substance from liquid state to vapour state without any change in temperature.

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The Laws
Boyles Law
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to pressure provided temperature is constant. P1V1 = P2V2

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Charles Law
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature provided the pressure remains constant.

V1
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T1

V2 T2

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The Laws
Pressure Law
The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature provided the volume remains constant.

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P1 T1

P2 T2

General Gas Law

Summarizes Boyles Law, Charles Law and Pressure Law. P1V1 P2V2 = T1 T2

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The Laws
Relationship between Celcius and Kelvin.
oC

=(

+ 273) K

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The temperature of 273oC is the minimum temperature which can be achieved by the gas.

This temperature is known as absolute zero.

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Summary

What you have learned:

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1. 2.

Understanding Heat as a form of Energy Using the Laws

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Thank You