ECE 3710 EXAMPLE PROBLEMS

Chapter Two

SIGNAL FLOW GRAPH MODEL

R(s) G(s) G11(s) G21(s) G12(s) R2(s) G22(s) Y2(s) Y1(s)=G11(s)X1(s)+G12(s)X2(s) Y2(s)=G21(s)X1(s)+G22(s)X2(s) Y(s) Y(s)=G(s)R(s)

R1(s)

Y1(s)

R(s)

G1(s)

G2(s)

Y(s)
R(s)

G1 -H(s)

G2

Y(s)

H(s)

MASONS SIGNAL FLOW GAIN FORMULA

Terms

Path: any succession of branch Path Gain Pi: product of transmittances of the path. Loop: any close succession of the branches. Loop gain Li: product of transmittances of the loop. Determinant of flow: =1- + - Lp+; n,m are two nontouching loops, n, m, p are nontouching loops Cofactor of the path i: deleting all loops touching path i from
ii

The transfer function: T(s)=

F
1 L3

A
L1 E

R(s)

L2 G

Path Gain: P1:ABCD; P2:AFCD Loop Gain: L1:AE; L2:ABCG; L3:AFCG Determinant : 1-(AE+ABCG+AFCG) Cofactor of path i: 1=1; 2=1 D Y(s) p11+p22 T(s) = = + = 1(AE+ABCG+AFCG)

SIGNAL FLOW MODEL EXAMPLE

-1 L1 R(s) 1 G1 1 G2 1 L3 -1 -1 L2

G3

G4

Y(s)

Find the transfer function between R(s) and Y(s)

Path Gain: P1: G1G2G3G4

Loop Gain: L1:-G1G2; L2:-G3G4; L3: -G2G3

Determinant : 1-(L1+L2+L3)+(L1L2)=1+ G1G2 +G3G4+G2G3 + G1G2G3G4 Cofactor of path i: 1=1;
p11 G1G2G3G4 T(s)= = 1+ G1G2 +G3G4+G2G3 + G1G2G3G4

BLOCK DIAGRAM DEDUCTION

R(s)

G1

G2

Y(s)

SIGNAL FLOW MODEL EXAMPLE

H2 L1 G2

H3
L2 G3

G1
R(s) G5 G6 L3 H6

G4 Y(s) G8

G7
L4 H7

Find Transfer Function:

Path Gain: P1: G1G2G3G4; P2: G5G6G7G8 Loop Gain: L1:H2G2; L2:H3G3; L3:H6G6; L4:H7G7;

Determinant : 1-(L1+L2+L3+L4)+(L1L3+ L1L4 +L2L3+L2L4) Cofactor of path i: 1=1-(L3+L4); 2=1-(L1+L2);

T(s) =

p11+p22 P1(1(L3+L4)+P2(1(L1+L2) = 1(L1+L2+L3+L4)+(L1L3+ L1L4 +L2L3+L2L4)