SSN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

LAB MANUAL

EE 2356 MICROPROCESSOR & MICRO CONTROLLER LABORATORY

DEC 2011-APRIL 2012

Expt.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8a 8b 9 10 a 10 b

Name of the experiment 8 bit and 16 bit Arithmetic operations using 8085 Microprocessor Sorting of numbers (Ascending & descending) using 8085 Microprocessor. Number Conversion(BCD to Hex and Hex to BCD) Arithmetic Operations using 8086 Microprocessor Interfacing 8 bit ADC Converter with 8085 Microprocessor. Interfacing 8 bit DAC Converter with 8085 Microprocessor. Traffic Light controller using 8085 Microprocessor. Square Wave Generation using 8254 Serial Data Transmission using 8251 Interfacing 8279 with 8085 microprocessor 8 bit Arithmetic operations using 8051 Microcontroller. Finding the smallest and largest number in an array of numbers using 8051 Microcontroller Interfacing 8 bit DAC Converter with 8051 Microcontroller Interfacing of Stepper Motor with 8051 Microcontroller

11 12

EXPT NO 1 a AIM:

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8085

To write the assembly language programs for performing the following arithmetic operations: a) 16 bit binary addition. b) 16 bit binary subtraction. c) 16 bit binary multiplication. d) 16 bit binary division.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Microprocessor kit, Power supply. PROBLEM STATEMENT: Write an ALP in 8085 P to add and subtract two 16-bit binary numbers stored in the memory locations 4100 & 4101 and 4102 & 4103 and store the result starting from the memory location 4105H. Also provide an instruction in the above program to observe the carry also and store the carry in the memory location 4104H.

ALGORITHM: 16 BIT ADDITION: 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Start. Enter the two 16 bit data in two register pairs HL and DE. Initialize a carry counter register B to zero. Add the contents of register pairs. If a carry is generated, increment the carry counter B. Store the Carry in the B register and the sum, which is in the register pair HL in the memory. 6. Stop.

16 BIT SUBTRACTION: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Start. Get the two 16 bit data in two of the register pairs. Subtract the Low Order Byte of data1 from that of the data 2. Subtract the How Order Byte of data1 along with borrow from that of the data2. Store the result in memory. Stop.

PROBLEM STATEMENT: Write an ALP in 8085 P to multiply two 16-bit binary numbers stored in the memory locations 4100(LOB) & 4101(HOB) and 4102(LOB) & 4103(HOB) and store the result in the memory location 4104H & 4105H.Write instructions for performing 16-bit division also. 16 BIT MULTIPLICATION. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Start. Initialize BC register pair to store the Carry. Store the data 1 and data 2 in DE register pair and SP register. Initialize the HL register pair to zero, to store the result. Multiply by repeated addition of data 1 data 2 times. If carry flag is set during addition., increment the carry register pair. Store the product available in HL pair in memory. Store the contents of the BC register pair which is the carry in memory. Stop.

16 - BIT DIVISION 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. Start. Store the dividend in HL register pair. Store the divisor in BC register pair Initialize the DE register pair to zero, to carry the quotient. Perform repeated subtraction of divisor from dividend till the dividend is less than the divisor. 5. 6. For every subtraction done, keep on incrementing the quotient register pair DE. Store the remainder pair in memory.

7. 8.

Store the quotient in memory. Stop.

FLOW CHART 16-BIT ADDITION 16-BIT SUBTRACTION

START START LOAD THE TWO NUMBERS

INITIALISE CARRY REGISTER

LOAD TWO NOS. IN REGISTER PAIRS

INTIALIZE BORROW REGISTER

ADD THE TWO NUMBERS

SUBTRACT THE TWO NUMBERS

ANY CARRY YES

NO ANY BORROW? YES

NO

INCREMENT CARRY REGISTER

INCREMENT CARRY REGISTER

STORE THE RESULT

STORE THE RESULT

STOP

STOP

16-BIT MULTIPLICATION

16-BIT DIVISION

START START

LOAD DIVISOR & DIVIDEND GET MULTIPLIER AND MULTIPLICAND IN REGISTER PAIRS QUOTIENT = 0

PRODUCT=0000

DIVIDEND = DIVIDEND DIVISOR

REG. PAIR = REG. PAIR + MULTIPLICAND

QUOTIENT = QUOTIENT + 1

NO MULTIPLIER = MULTIPLIER 1

IS DIVIDEND < DIVISOR YES

NO

IS MULTIPLIER = 0?

STORE QUOTIENT

YES STOP STORE REGISTER PAIR

STOP

EXPT NO 2

SORTING of NUMBERS USING 8085 (ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ORDER)

AIM: To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) to sort a given array of numbers in ascending and descending order. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Microprocessor kit, Power supply. PROBLEM STATEMENT: An array of length 10 is stored from the location starting from 5000H. Sort it into descending and ascending orders and store the resultant starting from the location 5300H. ALGORITHM: SORTING IN ASCENDING ORDER: a. Start. b. Load the array count in a register. Initialize a carry flag FF to zero. c. Get the first two numbers. d. Compare the numbers and swap them if necessary so that the two numbers are in ascending order. If swapping is done, set the carry flag FF. e. Repeat the steps c and d till the array is completed. f. Repeat the steps c, d and e till carry flag FF remains Reset. f. Stop

SORTING IN DESCENDING ORDER: a. Start. b. Load the array count in a register. Initialize a Carry Flag FF to zero. c. Get the first two numbers.

d. Compare the numbers and swap them so that the two numbers are in descending order. And set the Carry Flag FF. e. Repeat steps c and d till the array is completed. f. Repeat the steps c, d and e till the Carry Flag FF remains Reset. g. Stop. FLOW CHART: ASCENDING ORDER
START

DESCENDING ORDER
START

INITIALIZE POINTER COUNT = COUNT 1 FLAG = 0

INITIALIZE POINTER COUNT = COUNT 1 FLAG = 0

YES YES IS POINTER POINTER + 1 NO TEMP = POINTER POINTER = POINTER + 1 POINTER + 1 = TEMP FLAG=FLAG+1 TEMP = POINTER POINTER = POINTER + 1 POINTER + 1 = TEMP FLAG=FLAG+1 IS POINTER POINTER + 1 NO

POINTER = POINTER +1 COUNT = COUNT + 1

POINTER = POINTER +1 COUNT = COUNT + 1 NO

NO IS COUNT =0 IS COUNT =0 YES

YES NO IS FLAG = 0 IS FLAG = 0 YES

YES STOP STOP

EXPT NO 3

NUMBER CONVERSIONS USING 8085 (BCD TO HEXA AND HEXA TO BCD)

AIM: To write an Assembly language program for converting a two digit BCD number (maximum of 99) to hexadecimal and to convert a hexadecimal number (maximum of FFH) to BCD.

ALGORITHM: CONVERSION OF BCD TO HEXADECIMAL: 1. 2. Start. Separate the given 8 - bit packed BCD number into two 4 bit unpacked BCD nibbles(BCD1 and BCD2). 3. 4. 5. Multiply BCD2 the most significant nibble, by 10. Add BCD1 to the answer from step3. Store the result and Stop.

CONVERSION OF BCD TO HEXADECIMAL: 1. 2. 3. Start. Read the hexadecimal number. Initialize a memory location to store the number of 100s. Find the number of 100s and store it in the memory. 4. Find the number of 10s from the remainder and store it in the next memory location. 5. The remainder now contains the number of 1s and store it in the next memory location. 7. Stop.

FLOW CHART: BCD TO HEX HEXA TO BCD

START START GET DATA CARRY =0 HUNDREDS =0 TENS=0

GET MOST SIGNIFICANT DIGIT(MSD)

MSD = MSD x 10

DATA =DATA -100 HUNDREDS =HUNDREDS + 1

NO IS CARRY =1 ? YES

HEX DATA = MSD + LSD (LEAST SIGNIFICANT DIGIT)

STORE HEX DATA

DATA =DATA +100

START

TENS = TENS + 1

DATA =DATA - 10

NO IS CARRY =1? YES

DATA =DATA -10

UNITS =DATA

STORE HUNDREDS , TENS , UNITS

STOP

EXPT NO: 5

INTERFACING 8 BIT ADC CONVERTER USING 8085

Aim: To obtain the digital output corresponding to the analog input.

Apparatus Required: 1. Microprocessor 8085 Trainer Kit 2. Display Interface Kit 3. Flat Cable Connector 4. Power Supply +5 V

Algorithm: 1. Start 2. Initialize control word of 8255 to enable ports A, B as output ports and port C as output port. 3. Initialize accumulator 4. Send contents of accumulator to DAC through port A 5. Obtain comparator output to port c. 6. If accumulator =0 go to step 5else goto step 9 7. Decrement contents of accumulator 8. Go to step 4 9. Call display subroutine to display digital output 10. Stop.

Flowchart
START

ACTIVATE THE 8255 CONTROLLER

INITIALIZE ACCUMULATOR

SEND CONTENTS OF ACCUMULATOR TO DAC THROUGH PORT A

OBTAIN COMPARATOR OUTPUT TO PORT C

YES IS ACCUMULATOR = 0? NO DECREMENT CONTENTS OF ACCUMULATOR

CALL DISPLAY SUBROUTINE TO DISPLAY DIGITAL OUTPUT

STOP

EXPT NO: 6

INTERFACING 8 BIT DAC CONVERTER USING 8085

AIM:To generate different types of waveforms by interfacing a DAC with a microprocessor trainer kit.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED Intel 8085 based MPS 85 2 trainer kit, DAC interface card, 26 pin flat cable connector, CRO with probe. ALGORITHM:SQUARE WAVE FORM 1. Initialize the control word register i.e., 8255 as input port. 2. Send 00 to port A of 8255 3. Call delay subroutine 4. Send FF to port A of 8255 5. Call delay subroutine 6. Repeat the step 2 onwards. SAW TOOTH WAVE FORM 1. Initialize the control word register. 2. Initialize the accumulator content 3. Send to port A of 8255 4. Increment the accumulator content 5. If zero flag is not set then repeat the step 3 onwards, otherwise repeat the step 2 onwards.

FLOW CHART: Square Waveform:

START

Saw tooth Waveform:

START

ACTIVATE THE 8255 CONTROLLER

ACTIVATE THE 8255 CONTROLLER

SEND 00 TO PORT A

ACC = 00

CALL DISPLAY SUBROUTINE

SEND ACC TO PORT A

SEND FF TO PORT A CALL DISPLAY SUBROUTINE

ACC = ACC + 1

NO

IF Z =0

YES

EXPT. NO:7 TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER USING 8085 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:To write an Assembly language Programme for traffic light controller. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED 8085 microprocessor kit and Power Supply. ALGORITHM:1. Start. 2. Write the control word to initialize 8255.Obtain the data for each direction and store in the memory. 3. Initialize a counter to indicate the number of directions. 4. Initialize HL Pair to the starting address of the data.. 5. Check the result. 6. Decrement the counter and repeat step 3 till counter becomes zero. 7. Stop.

FLOW CHART

TRAFFIC CONTROLLER

START

Write control word to initialize 8255

Initialize a counter. Initialize HL pair to 9000h

Call Display Program

Introduce a Delay of 4 Seconds

Call Display Program

Introduce a Delay of 4 Sec.

Decrement the counter NO COUNTER = 0? YES Call Display Program

Introduce a Delay Of 4 Sec.

FLOW CHART DISPLAY PROGRAM

DISPLAY

SEND CONTROL WORD TO ACC FROM MEMORY

OUTPUT THE DATA TO A PORT

INCREMENT HL REG. PAIR CONTENT

SEND CONTROL WORD TO ACC FROM MEMORY

OUTPUT THE DATA TO A PORT

INCREMENT HL REG. PAIR CONTENT

SEND CONTROL WORD FROM MEMORY TO ACC.

OUTPUT THE DATA TO PORT C

INCREMENT HL REG. PAIR CONTENT

RETURN

EXPT. NO. :8 A SQUARE WAVE GENERATION USING 8254

AIM:
To interface 8254 with 8085 microprocessor and generate a square wave

ALGORITHM 1. Start 2. Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3 3. Load the LSB of the count and output in channel 0 4. Load the MSB of the count and output in channel 0 5. Stop. FLOW CHART

START

Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3

Output the LSB and MSB of the count in channel 0

STOP

EXPT. NO. : 8 B SERIAL DATA TRANSMISSION USING 8251

AIM:
To interface 8251 with 8085 microprocessor and to check the transmission and reception of a character.

ALGORITHM

For transmitting the data

1. Start 2. Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3 3. Load the LSB of the count and output in channel 0 4. Load the MSB of the count and output in channel 0 5. Write mode instruction word and command instruction word for 8251. 6. Output the data to be transmitted to data register and enable an interrupt.

For Receiving the data

7. Read the data from the data register 8. Store the data to a memory location 9. Stop

FLOW CHART For transmitting the data

START

Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3

Output the LSB and MSB of the count in channel 0

Write mode instruction word and command instruction word for 8251

Output the data in data register

STOP

FLOW CHART For receiving the data

START

Read the data from data register

Store the data in memory location

STOP

EXPT. NO. :9 INTERFACING 8279 WITH 8085 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:
To interface 8279 with 8085 microprocessor and display the rolling message HELP US

ALGORITHM 5. Start 6. Load the HL pair with the starting address of the message to be displayed and initialize a counter. 7. Initialize 8279 8. Output the data from memory to the data register 9. Call delay. 10. Increment the pointer and decrement the counter. 11. Repeat until counter becomes 0. 12. Stop.

FLOW CHART

START

Load the HL pair with the starting address of the message to be displayed and

initialize a counter.

Initialize 8279 and Output the data from memory to the data register

Call Delay SUBROUTINE

Increment the pointer Decrement the counter

No Is the counter value 0 Yes

EXPT NO 10 a

8 BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8051

AIM: To write the assembly language programs for performing the following arithmetic operations: a) b) c) d) 8 bit binary addition. 8 bit binary subtraction. 8 bit binary multiplication. 8 bit binary division.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Microcontroller kit.

PROBLEM STATEMENT: Write an ALP in 8051 c to perform 8-bit arithmetic operations for the numbers stored in the memory location 4500H and 4501H and store the result in the memory location 4600H.Also provide an instruction in the above program to consider the carry also and store the carry in the memory location 4601H.

ALGORITHMS: 8 BIT ADDITION: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Start Initialize carry register to zero. Store data 1 in accumulator. Store date 2 in B register. Load the data pointer with external memory address Add the contents of B register to that of the accumulator. If a carry is generated, increment the carry counter. Store the contents of the Accumulator, which is the sum in memory. Move the carry register contents to Accumulator and store the same in memory. 10. Stop.

. exe i

8 BIT SUBTRACTION: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Start Initialize Barrow register to zero. Store data 1 in accumulator and date 2 in B register respectively. Subtract the contents of B register to that of the accumulator. Load the data pointer with external memory address If a borrow is generated, increment the borrow counter. Store the contents of the Accumulator, which is the difference in memory. Move the barrow register contents to Accumulator and store the same in memory. 9. Stop.

8 BIT MULTIPLICATION: 1. Start. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Store data 1 in register Accumulator. Store data 2 in register B. Load the data pointer with external memory address Multiply A and B register Move the A and B register contents to the memory Stop.

8 BIT DIVISION:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Start. Store data 1 in register Accumulator. Store data 2 in register B. Load the data pointer with external memory address Divide A and B register Move the A and B register contents to the memory Stop.

FLOWCHART: 8-BIT ADDITION

START

8-BIT SUBTRACTION
START

SET UP COUNTER (CARRY)

SET UP COUNTER (CARRY) GET FIRST OPERAND TO A

GET FIRST OPERAND TO B

GET SECOND OPERAND TO A

SUBTRACT SECOND OPERAND FROM MEMORY YES ANY CARRY?

A=A+B

YES IS THERE ANY CARRY COUNTER = COUNTER + 1 NO STORE THE SUM

NO

COUNTER = COUNTER + 1

STORE THE DIFFERENCE

STORE THE CARRY

STORE THE CARRY

STOP

STOP

8-BIT MULTIPLICATION

8-BIT DIVISION
START

START

GET MULTIPLIER IN A AND MULTIPLICAND IN B register

GET DIVIDEND IN A AND DIVISOR IN B register

Multiply the content of A and B register

Divide the content of A and B register

Load Data Pointer with External Memory Address

Load Data Pointer with External Memory Address

Move the content of A and B to external Address

Move the content of A and B to external Address

STOP STOP

EXPT NO 10 b

FINDING THE SMALLEST AND LARGEST NUMBER IN AN ARRAY OF NUMBERS USING 8051

AIM: To write Assembly Language Programs (ALP) to find the maximum and minimum of an array of numbers. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Microcontroller Kit PROBLEM STATEMENT: An array of length 10 is stored from the location starting from 4600H. Sort it into descending and ascending orders and store the resultant starting from the location 4700H. ALGORITHM: FINDING THE SMALLEST NUMBER OF THE ARRAY: 1. Start. 2. Load the array count in a register. 3. Get the first two numbers. 4. Compare the numbers and swap them if necessary so that the two numbers are in descending order. 5. Repeat the steps 3 and 4 till the array is completed. 6. Repeat the steps 3, 4 and5 and store the smallest number.. 7. Stop

FINDING THE LARGEST NUMBER OF THE ARRAY: 1. Start. 2. Load the array count in a register. 3. Get the first two numbers. 4. Compare the numbers and swap them so that the two numbers are in ascending order. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the array is completed. 6. Repeat the steps 3, 4 and 5 and store the largest number as the result in memory.
7.

Stop.

FLOW CHART: FINDING THE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM NUMBER OF AN ARRAY

START START

INITIALIZE POINTER COUNT = COUNT 1

INITIALIZE POINTER COUNT = COUNT 1

YES IS POINTER POINTER + 1 NO TEMP = POINTER POINTER = POINTER + 1 POINTER + 1 = TEMP YES IS POINTER POINTER + 1 NO TEMP = POINTER POINTER = POINTER + 1 POINTER + 1 = TEMP

POINTER = POINTER +1 COUNT = COUNT + 1

POINTER = POINTER +1 COUNT = COUNT + 1 NO

NO IS COUNT =0 YES STORE THE POINTER RESULT STORE THE POINTER RESULT IS COUNT =0 YES

STOP STOP

EXPT. NO: 11
INTERFACING DAC CONVERTER USING 8051 AIM:To generate different types of waveforms by interfacing a DAC with a microcontroller.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED Intel 8051 based MPS 85 2 trainer kit, DAC interface card, 26 pin flat cable connector, CRO with probe.

ALGORITHM:SQUARE WAVE FORM 1. Initialize the control word register i.e., 8255 as input port. 2. Send 00 to port A of 8255 3. Call delay subroutine 4. Send FF to port A of 8255 5. Call delay subroutine 6. Repeat the step 2 onwards. SAW TOOTH WAVE FORM 1. Initialize the control word register. 2. Initialize the accumulator content 3. Send to port A of 8255 4. Increment the accumulator content 5. If zero flag is not set then repeat the step 3 onwards, otherwise repeat the step 2 onwards.

FLOW CHART: Square Waveform:

START

Saw tooth Waveform:

START

ACTIVATE THE 8255 CONTROLLER

ACTIVATE THE 8255 CONTROLLER

SEND 00 TO PORT A

ACC = 00

CALL DISPLAY SUBROUTINE

SEND ACC TO PORT A

SEND FF TO PORT A CALL DISPLAY SUBROUTINE

ACC = ACC + 1

NO

IF Z =0

YES

EXPT. NO. :12

INTERFACING STEPPER MOTOR USING 8051

AIM: To write an assembly language program for running stepper motor and test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Microcntroller Kit, power supply, Stepper motor interface

ALGORITHM: 1. Start. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Get the number of times the motor has to be rotated. Initialize the port and store data into accumulator. Drive the stepper motor circuitry and introduce delay Decrement the counter and repeat step 4 until zero is reached. Stop.

FLOW CHART STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER

START

INITIALIZE COUNTER TO NO. OF PULSES

ACTIVATE THE 8255 CONTROLLER

LOAD THE SEQUENCE IN A

OUTPUT THE DATA IN ACC. TO PORT

GET THE DATA FOR NEXT SEQUENCE

INTRODUCE A DELAY OF 2 SECONDS

DECREMENT THE COUNTER BY 1.

NO COUNTER = 0?

YES

STOP