http://www.scribd.com/doc/20511193/expt2-partially-miscible-liquids i. ii. iii.

Introduction Objectives Theoretical concepts

Solubility diagram is a graphic representation of the equilibrium composition of solutions as a function of temperature, pressure, or other parameter characterizing the external conditions. It is a special type of phase diagram, the latter being widely used in chemical thermodynamics.

It is a qualitative rather than quantitative observation miscible, partially miscible, and not miscible. Like any other solubility phenomenon, miscibility depends on the forces of attraction between the molecules of the different liquids. The rule of thumb "like dissolves like" means that liquids with similar molecular structures, in particular similar polarity, will likely dissolve in each other. (Polarity means the extent to which partial positive and negative charges appear on a molecule, because of the type and arrangement of its component atoms.)However there are some substances with varying polarity like water which will play a vital issue on how solute will dissolve in it. The factors affecting the miscibility of substances are as follows: (1) nature of solute/solvent, (2) temperature and (3) pressure. For liquid and solid solution pressure does not affect much of their solubility. Temperature on the other hand willd e p e n d w h e t h e r t h e r e a c t i o n r e s u l t s t o a n e n d o t h e r m i c o r e x o t h e r m i c p r o c e s s , i f endothermic the solubility of the solution will increase with an increase in temperature. For an exothermic process, solubility will increase with a decrease in temperature. The nature of solvent and solute also take part in its solubility, such nature involves polarity and molecular size, while larger molecules are less soluble than that of the smaller ones

Partially Miscible Liquids:Determination of Mutual SolubilityI . objective

The objective of the experiment is to determine the solubility of two partially miscible liquids, construct the mutual solubility curve for the pair and determine their critical solution temperature.