Immiscible Liquid (Oil & Water)

1 .Immiscible liquid liquids do not dissolve in one another 2. Two of the immiscible liquids (A & B) are mixed, it form two separate layers 3. Lower density liquid top layer 4. Higher density liquid bottom layer 5. The intermolecular forces of attraction between their molecules are different 6. Example: benzene and water, mercury and water, chlorobenzene and water, nitrobenzene and water 7. Water is a polar molecule 8. Benzene, chlorobenzene and nitrobenzene are non-polar molecule with van der Waals forces of attraction and mercury atoms are bonded to each other with metallic bond.

Vapour Pressure of Immiscible Liquids

1. The total vapour pressure of the mixture is the sum of the vapour pressures of the pure

components 2. PT = PA+ PB where PT = Total pressure of the liquid mixture, PA = Vapour pressure of pure liquid A, PB = Vapour pressure of pure liquid B 3. Method of distillation and purification: Steam distillation and followed by separation process using separation funnel 4. Steam distillation is used to extract fragrant oils from plants (making perfume) and purify organic compound 5. To carry out this process, the liquid must be immiscible with water, have a relatively high RMM and high vapour pressure (100C)

Daltons Law of Partial Pressures

1. PA = XA PT and PB = XB PT where XA = mole fraction component A in vapour and XB = mole fraction component B in vapour 2. XA = nA / (nA + nB) and XB = nB / (nA + nB) where nA = number of moles A and nB = number of moles B 3. (Dividing PA and PB) PA / PB = nA / nB 4. Number of moles (n) = mass in gram (m) / molecular mass (M) 5. Final equation, mA / mB = PAMA / PBMB

Example:
Water and chlorobenzene are boiled at a pressure of 101 kPa, the temperature is 90C and the ratio of the mass of chlorobenzene to that of water is 2.46. The vapour pressure of water at 90C is 72.3 kPa, calculate the relative molecular mass (RMM) of chlorobenzene. Solution:
y y y

Use formula mA / mB = PAMA / PBMB Vapour pressure of chlorobenzene at boiling point, 101 72.3 = 28.7 kPa 2.47 = (28.7 x Mchlorobenzene) / (72.3 x 18)

Answer: Relative molecular mass of chlorobenzene = 112