Study and Design of Fractal Microstrip Antennas

A device for

* sending out signals Transmitting Mode

* accepting signals Receiving Mode

Broadcasting Antenna

Microwave Link

Antenna Characteristics remain the same in the Tx and Rx Mode

1. Radiation Pattern
 In which directions it can transmit energy or  from which directions it can receive energy

2. Gain
how effectively the antenna can concentrate energy in a desired direction

3. Polarisation
the orientation of electric field in the em wave

4. Bandwidth
Frequency band over which the characteristics are within the specified range

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05.1 05-

Dummy load

antenna

Frequency(GHz)
56.1 06.1

08.1

57.1

07.1

55.1

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Microstrip Antenna Antenna that can be integrated to the circuit

Patch Substrate Ground Plane

Side view

Top view

Attractive Features

It is conformal
Reduces aerodynamic problems in moving vehicles

Smaller in size
Suitable for compact systems

Inexpensive in mass production

Fractal Antenna A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the length, or increase the perimeter (on inside sections or the outer structure), of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic signals within a given total surface area or volume. A fractal is : a recursively generated geometry that has fractional Dimensions.

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Types of fractals : Sierpinski gaskets

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Advantages :

 High accuracy and design is executed by photo etching  We can obtain high directivity using microstrip arrays  Small sized applicable for handheld portable

communication  Easy to integrate with other devices Disadvantages:

 Narrow bandwidth  An array suffers presence of feed network decreasing

efficiency

HP 8510C Network Analyser

Anechoic Chamber

Position Controller

PC

Network Analyser