I. C s khuch i ca si pha Erbium ( EDFA) 1.

Cu trc c bn ca EDFA:

khuch i G = -

Pra Pnhieu Pvao

EDFA l 1 b khuch i quang si, nn n c xem nh hp en c t nht 2 ca quang v phn ni in cp ngun. Cu trc c bn ca EDFA nh th hin trn hnh v bao gm: Si pha cht kch hot Erbium (EDF), lazer Diode bm (LD), b ghp la chn bc sng ( WSC ), b cch ly quang (ISO). t c khuch i cn phi cung cp nng lng cho EDFA thng qua bm LD c bc sng 980nm, hoc 1480nm, cng sut bm khong vi chc n vi trm mW. WSC thc hin ghp nh sng tn hiu v bm vo si EDF hoc tch tn hiu ny trong 1 s trng hp, ISO c tc dng ngn chn nh sng phn x ngc tr li ( nh phn x Rayleigh t cc b ni quang), EDF l thnh phn quan trng nht ca EDFA v c gi l si tch cc.

S hp th cc photon, lazer bm s kch thch ion ti trng thi nng lng cao hn th hin bng mi tn hng ln trn. Xu hng bc x photon khi dch chuyn ti mc nng lng thp hn tng theo di cm nng lng nhng dch chuyn 4I13/2 4I15/2 trong thy tinh silic l qu trnh bc x tri. Bm thc hin bng 1 lazer Diode bc x cng sut nh sng bc sng khc vi bc sng tn hiu quang 980nm v 1480nm. Tn hiu quang v tn hiu bm c a vo si EDF nh b ghp ni WSC v cng truyn dc theo si, y tn hiu quang c khuch i cn tn hiu bm b tiu hao cng sut, ngha l nh sng bm truyn cng sut cho nh sng tn hiu ri b mt i.

Nguyn l hot ng ca EDFA; Da theo c ch hp th v bc x ( gm bc x cng bc v t pht). Nng lng tn hiu bm kch thch cc ion Er3+ t di nng lng c bn ln di nng lng cao hn thng qua hp th trng thi bm t c nghch o

nng , ngha l phi bm Er3+ ln mc cao hay phi c nhiu ion Er3+ mc 2 (4I13/2) hn mc 1 (4I15/2). Thng thng c 2 cch thc hin bm l bm trc tip bc sng 1480nm v bm gin tip bc sng 980nm. Trng hp bm bc sng 980nm, cc ion Er3+ lin tc dch chuyn t mc 1 ln mc 3 (4I11/2) ri chng phn r khng bc x t mc 3 ti mc 2, mc ny chng li tip tc ri xung mc 1 v bc x bc sng trong di 1500 1600nm, l c ch ba mc. Quan trng nht trong c ch 3 mc l tz tn ti ca mc 2 v 3 hay tz pht x t pht (Tsp), l khong tz trung bnh cc ion nm mc cao trc khi dch chuyn t pht xung mc tip theo. Tz tn ti ca cc ion Er3+ mc 3 khong 1 s, cn mc 2 ch yu l 10ms. V vy cc ion Er3+ dch chuyn rt nhanh t mc 3 2 v tn ti trong tz tng i di mc 2 hoc ni cch khc cc ion Er3+ tch t mc 2 to nn nghch o nng . Trng hp bm bc sng 1480nm ch c 2 mc nng lng ( mc 1 v 2) thng qua nng lng bm 1480nm, cc ion Er3+ lin tc dch chuyn t mc 1 2, do tz tn ti mc 2 di nn chng tch t mc 2 v cng to nn nghch o nng . Kt qu ca qu trnh l ti mc 2 nng ca Er3+ cao hn 1. Khi tn hiu quang hot ng mt trong cc bc sng WDM truyn qua si EDF, n s kch thch dch chuyn cc ion Er3+ t trng thi bc x trng thi c bn, qu trnh dch chuyn ny s bc x cng bc ra photon c cng bc sng, hng v pha nh photon ti. Do EDFA thc hin khuch i u vo. V 1 EDFA c bng thng khuch i tng i rng nn c th khuch i ng thi nhiu knh bc sng. Hot ng ca EDFA c m t: Quas trnh bc x xy ra trong EDF nhn chung c th c phn cp thnh bc x kch thch v bc x t pht. Khi cc ion Er3+ c kch thch t tz nn thng qua s hp th nh sng bm n s phn r khng bc x cc mc nng lng cao hn cho ti khi n tin ti tz siu bn. Tn hiu quang ti u vo si EDF s n gp cc ion Erbium c kch thch v c phn b dc theo li si. Qu trnh bc x kch thch s to ra cc photon ph c cng pha v hng quang nh tn hiu ti v chnh v th m ta thu c cng nh sng tn hiu ti u ra ca EDF ln hn u vo. Nh vy t c qu trnh khuch i trong EDF. Cc ion c kch thch m khng tng tc vi nh sng ti s phn r t pht ti trng thi nn vi h s tz khong 10ms. Pht x t pht SE (Spontaneous Emission) c pha v hng ngu nhin. Thng thng th c t hn 1% SE c gi li trong mode si quang ngun nhiu quang. Nhiu ny c khuch i v to ra bc x t pht c khuch i ASE. trng thi nn khi c s hp th photon bm hot ng tr li, qu trnh ny s t lp li. ASE s t lm gim t s tn hiu / nhiu ca tn hiu qua b khuch i quang.