) : (

87/7/14 :
.1 G v G1 G

v G1.
.2 G

k 2

G k .
.3 .
.4 G n m k Rank G
(G ) = n k

Nullity G (G ) = m n + k .

(G ) 0

. (G ) + (G ) = m

(G ) m

. (G ) 0
.5 G
) (G

p 1
2

) (G

. G .

p 2
2

p2

p2

.6 G

(G ) + 1

) :

) (G

(G ) 2

.
G .

u v

. u v (.
.7 G -r r G

.
.8 G
. G .

 .9 G )
( .
.10

) = (N , A

Independent

N 1

N1 N

clique N 1
.

N1

N 1

N1

clique G

N 1

Independent G c ) . G(.

:
1,6,10
2, 5
6, 8, 9
5, 6, 8, 9, 10
4, 5, 6, 7, 8
2, 3

p.11
p.14
p.25
p.29
p.32
p.40

" "

G c