BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BU,BHOPAL

SUBMITTED TO: Ms Harshita Verma mam Ms Kamini Maheswar mam

SUBMITTED BY: Abhilasha kol CSE V Sem

DDR SDRAM

Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory

Double-Data-Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random access memory , better known as DDR SDRAM or DDR RAM for short, is a type of very fast computer memory. DDR RAM is based on the same architecture as SDRAM, but utilizes the clock signal differently to transfer twice the data in the same amount of time. Digital circuits designed to operate on the clock signal may respond at the rising or falling edge of the signal.

y SDRAM memory chips utilized only the rising edge of the signal to transfer data, while DDR RAM transfers data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal. y DDR RAM is essentially twice as fast as SDRAM. y The FSB is the two-way data channel that sends information from the central processing unit (CPU) throughout the motherboard to the various components, including the RAM, BIOS chips, hard drives and PCI slots. y A computer system with a FSB of 133MHz running DDR SDRAM will essentially perform like a 266MHz machine.

"double data rate" refers to the fact that a DDR SDRAM with a certain clock frequency achieves nearly twice the bandwidth of a single data rate (SDR) SDRAM running at the same clock frequency, due to this double pumping. Data Transfer Rate:(memory bus clock rate) 2 (for dual rate) 64 (number of bits transferred) / 8 (number of bits/byte). Eg: With data being transferred 64 bits at a time and a bus frequency of 100 MHz, DDR SDRAM gives a maximum transfer rate of 1600 MB/s.

Double Data Rate, means that memories from this category transfer two data chunks per clock cycle. Because of above feature, these memories are labeled with double the real maximum clock rate they can operate. For example, DDR2-800 memories work at 400 MHz, DDR2-1066 and DDR3-1066 memories work at 533 MHz, DDR3-1333 memories work 666.6 MHz and so on.

Types of DDR memory

y DDR1 y DDR2 y DDR3 y The main difference among these is different no. of bits prefetched from RAM to I/O buffer.

DDR1- DDR memories transfer two bits of data per clock cycle from the memory array to the memory internal I/O buffer. This is called 2-bit prefetch. DDR2-On DDR2 this internal data path was increased to four bits . DDR3- And on DDR3 it was raised again to eight bits. This is actually the trick that allows DDR3 to work at higher clock rates than DDR2, and DDR2 at higher clock rates than DDR.

PREFETCH

PREFETCH
DDR MEMORY INTERNAL CLOCK EXTERNAL CLOCK NO.OF BITS TRANFERRED DDR1-400 200 200 2BITS

DDR2-400

100

200

4 BITS

DDR3-400

50

200

8BITS

y To better understand this idea, let s compare a DDR-400, a DDR2-400

and a DDR3-400 memory chip (we know that DDR3-400 memories don t exist, but pretend they do). These three chips work externally at 200 MHz transferring two data per clock cycle, achieving an external performance as if they were working at 400 MHz. Internally, however, the DDR chip transfers two bits between the memory array and the I/O buffer, so to match the I/O interface speed this datapath has to work at 200 MHz (200 MHz x 2 = 400 MHz). Since on DDR2 this datapath was increased from two bits to four bits, it can work at half the clock rate in order to achieve the same performance (100 MHz x 4 = 400 MHz). With DDR3 the same thing happens: the datapath was doubled again to eight bits, so it can work at half the clock rate as DDR2 or only of the clock rate of DDR in order to achieve the same performance (50 MHz x 8 = 400 MHz). y Doubling the internal datapath at each generation means that each new memory generation can predictably have chip models with double the maximum clock rate achieved on the previous one. For example, on DDR-400, DDR2-800 and DDR3-1600 memories the memory works internally at the same clock rate (200 MHz).

Naming:y We name the system DDRx-yyyy

X- meaning the technology generation yyyy -the DDR clock rate for the memory chips. The memory modules located on the little printed board where the memory chips are soldered into use another naming system PCx-zzzz. X is the technology generation and zzzz is the maximum bandwidth.

Memory

Real Clock DDR200 100 MHz DDR266 133 MHz DDR333 166 MHz DDR2200 MHz 400 DDR2400 MHz 800 DDR2533 MHz 1066 DDR3400 MHz 800 DDR3533 MHz 1066

Maximum Theoretical Transfer Rate 1,600 MB/s 2,133 MB/s 2,666 MB/s 3,200 MB/s 6,400 MB/s 8,533 MB/s 6,400 MB/s 8,500 MB/s

Memory Module PC-1600 PC-2100 PC-2700 PC2-3200 PC2-6400 PC2-8500 PC3-6400 PC3-8500

SPEED
y One of the main differences between DDR, DDR2 and DDR3 is the highest transfer rate each generation can go.

DDR

DDR2

DDR3

SPEED INCREASING

VOLTAGES
y DDR3 memories operate at lower voltages compared to DDR2 memories, which in turn operate at lower voltages compare to DDR memories. This means that DDR3 memories consume less power than DDR2 memories, which in turn consume less power than DDR memories.

DDR

DDR2

DDR3

DECREASE IN VOTLAGE

Technology DDR DDR2 DDR3

Typical Voltage 2.5 V 1.8 V 1.5 V

Thank you