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Concentrations
All chemicals concentrations mentioned in this chapter with a * refer to a conventional concentration listed in the last section of this document.
Gold
Gold has a very high density of 19.3 g/cm3, its crystal structure is cubic face centred. With a standard potential of 1.5, gold belongs to the noble metals. The electron configuration [Xe]4f14 5d10 6s1 strongly prevents the oxidation of gold: The completely occupied 5d orbital extends beyond the single valence electron which hereby is well shielded against any reaction partners. Au: cubic face centred Wet chemical etching of gold therefore requires a strong oxidizer for the separation of the unpaired valence electron, as well as a complexing agent which suppresses the reassembly of oxidized gold atoms back into the crystal.
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