Physlen 187A (1988) 544-554 North-Holland, Amsterdam INTERCONFIGURATIONAL INTERACTIONS AND ‘TENSOR OPERATOR EQUIVALENTS JA. TUSZYNSKL and J.M. DIXON” Department of Physics, Memaril Universty of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundtnd, lg AIB 3X? 957 Received 29 Apr tm this peper we discuss the various approaches ‘tomis and nuclear physics. Most of thee approaches have been based tions. This is # consequence the classifi win accord ‘operators and the Schwinger tensor operuiors is abo given. 1. Introduet ‘The method of operator equivalents was introduced by Stevens’) many years fago in order to simplify the calculations of matrix clements of certain types of operators expressed in terms of Cartesian coordinates x,y,z), where 1 i and n is the number of electrons. These operators can be written as F = E, f(t» Yr 2,) and their matrix elements were found between many-clectron states ‘Characterized by the total orbital angular momentum L und its component M, long @ given axis of quantization. In this early work the electrons were assumed to be all equivalent and interactions between different configurations were not considered, The idea was to replace F by a linear combination of irreducible tensor operators TS(L) involving angular momentum arguments (L,, L_. L_) which produce the same matrix clements as F between the same angular momentum states”). Clearly, using the Wigner-Eckart theorem, this idea can be extended to matrix elements between different total angular momentum states, but still within the same configuration. This is possible due {o the fact that both F and its operator equivalent behave identically under rotations. Hence, in a matrix element of either, the angular partis the same, “Viator from the Department of Physics, The University of Warwisk, Coventry, CVS 7AL, UK. (0978-4371/88/$03.50 © Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. INTERCONFIGURATIONAL INTERACTIONS 54s the reduced matrix clement being different. Watanabe‘) emphasized strongl that this procedure is not applicable to matrix elements involving different configurations as a result of distinet parity and time-reversal properties of the types of tensors involved ‘The operator F can always be written as a linear combination of irreducible tensor operators (ITO's) T(r) whose arguments are coordinates whercas Ti(L) is a tensor operator with the same ranks as those appearing in F but whose arguments are now L,, L, and L , ie. these latter tensors will in general not commute, Hence, there are two types of irreducible tensors depending on which set of arguments is used. Tis weil know) that a tensor T/(P) whose components are coordinates, can have non-vanishing. matrix clements between states whase electrons occupy orhi figurations, whereas T4(L) cannot, That ferent con- Gilroy =Caerre() § 2) 0 while”) KARIN + kt FewIaI-H! (strays) = 8, @ ‘The two types of tensors are prototypes of the recently discussed classes of tensor operators, namely axial tensor operators and polar tensor operators’). This distinction is based primarily on their parity conjugation (P) rel given below: PTMAP™ = (DTH) 0°) Priye"'= TL) @ When one of these groups of tensors is selected exclusively for operator Several attempts have hecn made in the literature to find off-diagonal operator equivalents to act between orbital electronic states with different parities. Most of these attempts scem to be hased on Schwinger algebra’) Which uses a coupled boson representation to describe angular momentum eigenstates. The starting point is to introduce annihilators a, and creators a’, satisfying Bose-Einstein commutation rules, which destroy or create a spin ‘one-half, respectively. These operators enable one to represent an eigenfune- tion of angular momentum |lm) as”) ee a aan mublabing DW)Ms LA. TUSZYNSKI AND JM. DIXON mal)" |00) 6) dom) = [(E-+ ma)! =m where (00) is the ground state with I= m=O. The Lie algebra of products formed from two of these operators, Lak Yala,-ala), [= Hala, baad. Lekna'a,, Lekiaale, . ) kisatal, k=-aa,, ki =alel, Koenalal, Ko=aa, kaa, may be converted into genes group SO(3, 2) ""). Three of thete product operators (/,, ,, {_) are the generators of SU(2) and commute with the total angular momentum operator J. The remaining six products change / by plus or minus one and may or may not change the component of ‘Atkins and Seymour!) use these generators 10 ‘construct the above ten products of eq. (6), which can be used as off-diagonal operator equivalents. Grenet and Kibler") have piven explicit formulas for the ‘kga) operators in terms of the Schwinger boson operators a. and a’ Additional quantum number a has been introduced by Schwinges [=I Tf a =0, the resultant tensor operators are proportional to the usu Addition to the 12, [ operators, op Following Schwinger’), Witschel'*) has presented matrix elements of these Kkga) operators which we give below: Blin + 1)/22laug + 1)e Where Lg 6 the minimum of J and Jiggs then the smallest halt-integral valuc of pis = 3. This index can jefore be thought of as a pseudo-spin leading to an extra rank label