Mixed Signal System

Digital - to - Analog Converters

Transfer characteristics of D/A Converter

Weighted resistor D/A converter

R-2R ladder D/A converter

Charge redistribution architecture

Pipelined DAC architecture

Block diagram of commercial D/A converters

Performance characteristics of D/A converters

1. Resolution --- Vr/2N 2. Accuracy 3. Offset error 4. Gain error (a) Differential non-linearity (DNL) error (b) Integral nonlinearity (INL) error 5. Settling time 6. Dynamic range 7. Power supply rejection ratio 8. Drift

Gain and offset errors

Non-linearity and Non-monotonicity

Differential nonlinearity error

Integral nonlinearity error

Analog to Digital (A/D) converters

Vr (b1 2

b2 2 Vx

....... bN 2 ) Vin Vx Vr N 2

1 VLSB 2

1 VLSB whereVLSB 2

Transfer Characteristics

ADCs

Converts analog signal into digital data

Used in Data acquisition systems & Digital

instruments etc

Types of A/D Converters

1.Single Slope A/D converter

2.Digital ramp A/D converter 3.Dual slope A/D converter 4.Successive approximation A/D converter 5.Parallel or flash A/D converter 6.Two step flash A/D converter
7.Pipelined A/D converter 8.Sigma delta A/D converter

Single Slope A/D converter

Digital ramp A/D converter

Digital ramp A/D converter Initially the counter is cleared The analog signal is applied to one of the inputs of the comparator Counter o/p is converted into analog, by the DAC The DAC O/P is compared with the incoming signal Conversion stops when digital O/P >Incoming signal

Dual slope A/D converter

Successive approximation A/D converter

Successive approximation A/D converter

Successive approximation A/D converter

Successive approximation A/D converter

Successive approximation A/D converter

Successive approximation A/D converter

Parallel or flash A/D converter

Two-step flash A/D converter

Pipelined

A/D

converter

Pipelined

A/D

converter

Sigma delta

A/D

converter

Sigma delta

A/D

converter

8-bit D/A

converter IC (DAC 0800)

8-bit D/A

converter IC (DAC 0800)

8-bit A/D

converter IC (ADC 0804)

8-bit A/D

converter IC (ADC 0804)