254

254

? ? ? ?

254

W
K

W
W
J 1

KJ 2

4W

W
K
K

W
K

-1-

254

W
K
K -

K -

W
K
K

KLux-meter
KAmmeter

KVoltmeter

K6.1.1

E
F
KK

-2-

254

K KDimmer

1.1 K

P=UI (mW)

U(V)

I(mA)

L(Lux)

-3-

254

1.1

1.1

1.1

-4-

254

K
K

W
K
K

KAmmeter

KVoltmeter

K1.2
K

-5-

254

W1.2

3
It(mA)=I1=I2=I3
E3(V)

2
E2(V)

1
E1(V)

Et(V)

-6-

254

K
K1.3

W6.1.3

3
Et(V)=E1=E2=E3
I3(mA)

2
I2(mA)

1
I1(mA)

It(mA)

-7-

254

K1.4
K

6.1.4 K
W

E(V)
I(mA)

Et(V)

It(mA)

-8-

254

-9-

254

W
K

W
W
J 1

KJ 2

2W

W
J
J

W
K

- 10 -

254

KJ 1
KJ 2

K

fK

KEf = pr/60F

KK

K -

K -

K K -

- 11 -

254

K
QP

KJ

KE
FJ

KJ

KJ

ESynchronometerF J

KEOscilloscopeFJ

KJ

K2.1
K

K
- 12 -

254

KK

J 1
K

2
K

K2.13

KJ 4

- 13 -

254

J 5

KE60F

FK
J 6
EV1

KSynchronizing ModuleJ 7

KE21FJ 8
J 9

J 10

KEF
J

J 11
K

- 14 -

254

KJ 12

P -

KJ 13

Q -

J 14

K
K

KJ 15

- 15 -

254

KJ J

W
W
KJ 1

KJ 2

W

K

6W

W
KJ
KJ

KEFJ

KJ

W
K
- 16 -

254

E60FW

W
K

L(m)

K
K

XL

K4.1tdK

KSending end voltage per phase

VSW

KReceiving end voltage per phase VR

- 17 -

254

KLine current

IL

KLine resistance per phase R

KLine reactance per phaseXL

KLine voltage drop per phaseV

KActive power at receiving end PR(w)

KApparent power at receiving end SR(VA)

KReactive power at receiving end

K power factor at receiving end

QR(VAR)

KActive power at sending end

CosR
PS(w)

KApparent power at sending end SS(VA)

KReactive power at sending end QS(VAR)

K power factor at sending end

CosS

W
KJ
KXL=30R=25J
KRLoadJ
KVoltmeterJ

KAmmeterJ

KWattmeter + VarmeterJ

KEOscilloscopeFJ

K4.2

- 18 -

254

K4.2J

J
K

CosR

QS
(VAR)

QR
(VAR)

SS
(VA)

SR
(VA)

PS
(W)

PR
(W)

IL
(A)

VS
(V)

VR
(V)

R()
300

600
900

- 19 -

254

Q(VAR)S(VA)

Ss

S = 3VI L

Qs

Ps

S =

P
cos

P2 + Q2

Efficiency of transmission line

(%)

(%) =
PS
(W)

PR
100
PS
PR
(W)

300
600
900

Voltage Regulation of lineW

VS V R
100
VR
VS
VR

(V)
(V)
0

V (%) =

V
(%)

300
600
900

W J

KK

- 20 -

254

KK

W J

KKK
KK

KK
KK

KK

KK

KK

- 21 -

254

E60FW

K K

L(m)
K
K

XL R

K4.1K

Sending end voltage per phase

VSW

Receiving end voltage per phase VR

Line current

IL

Line resistance per phase R

Line reactance per phase XL

Line voltage drop per phase V

Active power at receiving end

Apparent power at receiving end

Reactive power at receiving end

power factor at receiving end

Reactive power at sending end

power factor at sending end

- 22 -

QR(VAR)

PR(w)

SR(VA)

Active power at sending end

Apparent power at sending end

CosR
PS(w)

SS(VA)

QS(VAR)

CosS

254

W
J
XL=30R=25J

XLoad=2fLJ
KVoltmeterJ

KAmmeterJ

KWattmeter 2 + Varmeter J

KEOscilloscopeFJ

K4.3

- 23 -

254

K4.3J

KJ

KJ

KJ

CosR

QS
(VAR)

QR
(VAR)

SS
(VA)

SR
(VA)

PS
(W)

PR
(W)

IL
(A)

VS
(V)

VR
(V)

L(H)

XLoad ()

0.8 H300
1.6 H600
2.4 H900

Q(VAR)S(VA)

S = 3VI L
Ss

Ps

Qs

S =

P
cos

Efficiency of transmission line

P2 + Q2

(%) =

PR
100
PS

- 24 -

254

(%)

PR
(W)

PS
(W)

L(H)

XLoad ()

0.8 H300
1.6 H600
2.4 H900

Voltage Regulation of lineW

VS V R
100
VR
VS
VR

(V)
(V)

V (%) =

V
(%)

L(H)

XLoad ()

0 H0
0.8 H300
1.6 H600
2.4 H900

W J

KK
KK

W J

KKK
KK

KK
KK

KK

KK

- 25 -

254

E60FW

K K

L(m)

XL R

K4.1K

KSending end voltage per phase

VSW

KReceiving end voltage per phase VR

KLine current

IL

KLine resistance per phaseR

KLine reactance per phaseXL

KLine voltage drop per phase V

KActive power at receiving end

PR(w)

KApparent power at receiving end SR(VA)

KReactive power at receiving end

K power factor at receiving end

QR(VAR)

KActive power at sending end

CosR
PS(w)

KApparent power at sending end SS(VA)

KReactive power at sending end QS(VAR)

K power factor at sending end

- 26 -

CosS

254

W
KJ
KXL=30R=25J
KXLoad=2fLJ
KVoltmeter2J

KAmmeterJ

KWattmeter + Varmeter2J

KEOscilloscopeFJ

4.4

- 27 -

254

4.4J

J
K

CosR

QS
(VAR)

QR
(VAR)

SS
(VA)

SR
(VA)

PS
(W)

PR
(W)

IL
(A)

VS
(V)

VR
(V)

C(f)

XLoad ()

8.85 f 300
4.42 f600
2.95 f900

Q(VAR)S(VA)

K
Ps

S = 3VI L

Qs

Ss

P
cos

S =

P2 + Q2

Efficiency of transmission line

(%) =

PR
100
PS

- 28 -

254

(%)

PR
(W)

PS
(W)

C(f)

XLoad ()

8.85 f 300
4.42 f600
2.95 f900

Voltage Regulation of lineW

VS V R
100
VR
VS
VR

(V)
(V)

V (%) =

V
(%)

C(f)

XLoad ()

0 f0
8.85 f 300
4.42 f600
2.95 f900

W J

KK
KK

W J

KKK
KK

KK
KK

KK

KK

- 29 -

EJ 100F

E J100F

EJ 100F

254

EJ 100FW

KJ J
K

W
W
KJ 1

KJ 2

W

K

6W

W
KJ
KJ
KEFJ

KJ

W
K
- 30 -

EJ 100F

254

EJ 100FW

W
EF

K

K

K7.1

KIS=IC1+IL W

- 31 -

EJ 100F

254

KSending end voltage per phase

KReceiving end voltage per phase VR

KLine current

KSending-end current

KReceiving-end current

VSW

IL
IS
IR

KLine resistance per phase R

KInductive line reactance per phaseXL

K Capacitive line reactance per phaseEFXC

KLine voltage drop per phase V

KActive power at receiving end

PR(w)

KApparent power at receiving end SR(VA)

KReactive power at receiving end

QR(VAR)

K power factor at receiving end CosR

KActive power at sending end

KApparent power at sending end

- 32 -

PS(w)

SS(VA)

EJ 100F

XC1=

254

KReactive power at sending end

K power factor at sending end

QS(VAR)

CosS

W
KJ

XC2=2kXL=40R=20J

KRLoadJ
K2 VoltmeterJ
K2 AmmeterJ

K2 Wattmeter - 2 VarmeterJ

KEOscilloscopeFJ

K7.2

- 33 -

EJ 100F

254

K7.2J

J
K

KJ

KJ

CosR

QS
(VAR)

QR
(VAR)

SS
(VA)

SR
(VA)

PS
(W)

PR
(W)

IS
(A)

IR
(A)

VS
(V)

VR
(V)

R()
300

600
900

Q(VAR)S(VA)

P
cos

S = 3VI =

S=

P2 + Q2
Efficiency of transmission line

(%) =

PR
100
PS

- 34 -

EJ 100F

(%)

254

PS
(W)

PR
(W)

300
600
900

Voltage Regulation of lineW

VS V R
100
VR

V (%) =

V
(%)

VS
(V)

VR
(V)

0
300
600
900

W J

KK

KK

W J

KK

KK

KK
KK

- 35 -

EJ 100F

254

KK

KK

KK

- 36 -

EJ 100F

254

EJ 100FW

EF

7.1

KSending end voltage per phase VSW

KReceiving end voltage per phase VR
KLine current IL
KSending-end current IS
KReceiving-end current IR
KActive power at receiving end PR(w)
KApparent power at receiving end SR(VA)
KReactive power at receiving end QR(VAR)
K power factor at receiving end CosR
KActive power at sending end PS(w)
KApparent power at sending end SS(VA)
KReactive power at sending end QS(VAR)
K power factor at sending end CosS
- 37 -

EJ 100F

254

W
J

XC1= XC2=2kXL=40R=20J

XLoadJ
2 VoltmeterJ

2 AmmeterJ

2 Wattmeter - 2 VarmeterJ

EOscilloscopeFJ

K7.3

- 38 -

EJ 100F

254

K7.3J

J
K

KJ

KJ

CosR

QS
(VAR)

QR
(VAR)

SS
(VA)

SR
(VA)

PS
(W)

PR
(W)

IS
IR VS
(A) (A) (V)

VR
(V)

L(H)
XLoad
()
0.8 H300

1.6 H600
2.4 H900

Q(VAR)
S(VA)

S = 3VI =

S=

P
cos

P2 + Q2

- 39 -

EJ 100F

254

Efficiency of transmission line

(%)

(%) =
PS
(W)

PR
100
PS
PR
(W)

L(H)

XLoad
()
0.8 H300

1.6 H600
2.4 H900

Voltage Regulation of lineW

VS V R
100
VR
VR
VS

(V)
(V)
L(H)
XLoad
()
0 H0

V (%) =

V
(%)

0.8 H300
1.6 H600
2.4 H900

W J

KK

- 40 -

EJ 100F

254

KK

W J

KK

KK

KK
KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

- 41 -

EJ 100F

254

EJ 100FW

EF

K

K

K7.1

KSending end voltage per phase VSW

KReceiving end voltage per phase VR
KLine current IL
KSending-end current IS
KReceiving-end current IR
KActive power at receiving end PR(w)
KApparent power at receiving end SR(VA)
KReactive power at receiving end QR(VAR)
K power factor at receiving end CosR
KActive power at sending end PS(w)
KApparent power at sending end SS(VA)
KReactive power at sending end QS(VAR)
K power factor at sending end CosS
- 42 -

EJ 100F

XC1=

254

W
KJ

XC2=2kXL=40R=20J

KXCLoadJ
K2 VoltmeterJ

K2 AmmeterJ

K2 Wattmeter - 2 VarmeterJ

KEOscilloscopeFJ

7.4

- 43 -

EJ 100F

254

K7.4J

J
K

KJ

KJ

J
K

CosR

QS
(VAR)

QR
(VAR)

SS
(VA)

SR
(VA)

PS
(W)

PR
(W)

IS
IR VS
(A) (A) (V)

VR
(V)

C(F)
XLoad
()
8.85 f 300
600
900

4.42 f

2.95 f

Q(VAR)S(VA)

S = 3VI =

S=

P
cos

P2 + Q2

- 44 -

EJ 100F

254

Efficiency of transmission line

(%)

(%) =
PS
(W)

PR
100
PS
PR
(W)

C(f)
XLoad
()
8.85 f 300

4.42 f600
900

2.95 f

Voltage Regulation of lineW

VS V R
100
VR

V (%) =

V
(%)

VS
(V)

VR
(V)

C(f)

XLoad
()
0 f0

8.85 f 300
4.42 f600
2.95 f900

- 45 -

EJ 100F

254

W J

KK

KK

W J

KK

KK

KK
KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

- 46 -

ETJ 100F

ET J100F

254

ETJ 100F

ETJ 100FW

W
T
KJ J

W
W
K J 1

KJ 2

W

K

6W

W
KJ
KT J

KEFJ

KJ

W
K
- 47 -

254

ETJ 100F

EJ 100FW

W
EF

K

K

EF

K10.1T

- 48 -

254

ETJ 100F

KSending end voltage per phase

KReceiving end voltage per phase VR

KSending-end current

KReceiving-end current

VSW

IS
IR

KLine resistance per phaseR

KInductive line reactance per phaseXL

K Capacitive line reactance per phaseEFXC

KLine voltage drop per phase V

KActive power at receiving end

PR(w)

KApparent power at receiving end SR(VA)

KReactive power at receiving end

K power factor at receiving end

QR(VAR)

KActive power at sending end

CosR
PS(w)

KApparent power at sending end SS(VA)

KReactive power at sending end QS(VAR)

K power factor at sending end

CosS

W
KJ

KXC=4kXL1=XL2=20R1=R2=10J
KRLoadJ

K2 VoltmeterJ
K2 AmmeterJ

K2 Wattmeter - 2 VarmeterJ

KEOscilloscopeFJ

- 49 -

254

ETJ 100F

K10.2

K J
K10.2J

J
K

KJ

KJ

K
- 50 -

254

ETJ 100F

CosR

QS
(VAR)

QR
(VAR)

SS
(VA)

SR
(VA)

PS
(W)

PR
(W)

IS
(A)

IR
(A)

VS
(V)

VR
(V)

R()
300

600
900

Q(VAR)S(VA)

P
cos

S = 3VI =

S=

P2 + Q2
Efficiency of transmission line

(%)

(%) =
PS
(W)

PR
100
PS
PR
(W)

300
600
900

Voltage Regulation of lineW

V
(%)

VS V R
100
VR
VS
VR

(V)
(V)
0

V (%) =

300
600
900
- 51 -

254

ETJ 100F

W J

KK

KK

W J

KK

KK

KK
KK

KK

KK

KK

- 52 -

254

ETJ 100F

ETJ 100FW

W
ETF

K

K

EF

K10.1T

KSending end voltage per phase

VSW

KReceiving end voltage per phase VR

KSending-end current

KReceiving-end current

IS
IR

KActive power at receiving end PR(w)

KApparent power at receiving end SR(VA)

KReactive power at receiving end

QR(VAR)

K power factor at receiving end CosR

KActive power at sending end

PS(w)

KApparent power at sending end SS(VA)

KReactive power at sending end QS(VAR)

K power factor at sending end CosS

- 53 -

254

ETJ 100F

W
KJ

KXC=4kXL1=XL2=20R1=R2=10J
KXLoadJ
K2 VoltmeterJ
K2 AmmeterJ

K2 Wattmeter - 2 VarmeterJ

KEOscilloscopeFJ

K10.3

- 54 -

254

ETJ 100F

10.3KJ

J
K

CosR

QS
(VAR)

QR
(VAR)

SS
(VA)

SR
(VA)

PS
(W)

PR
(W)

IS
IR VS
(A) (A) (V)

VR
(V)

L(H)

XLoad ()

0.8 H300
1.6 H600
2.4 H900

Q(VAR)S(VA)

S = 3VI =

S=

P
cos

P2 + Q2

- 55 -

254

ETJ 100F

Efficiency of transmission line

(%)

(%) =
PS
(W)

PR
100
PS
PR
(W)

L(H)

XLoad ()

0.8 H300
1.6 H600
2.4 H900

Voltage Regulation of lineW

VS V R
100
VR
VS
VR

(V)
(V)

V (%) =

V
(%)

L(H)

XLoad ()

0 H0
0.8 H300
1.6 H600
2.4 H900

W J

KK

KK

- 56 -

254

ETJ 100F

W J

KK

KK

KK
KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

- 57 -

254

ETJ 100F

ET J 100FW

W
ETF

K

K

EF

K10.1T

KSending end voltage per phase

VSW

KReceiving end voltage per phase VR

KSending-end current

KReceiving-end current

IS
IR

KActive power at receiving end PR(w)

KApparent power at receiving end SR(VA)

KReactive power at receiving end QR(VAR)

K power factor at receiving end CosR

KActive power at sending end

PS(w)

KApparent power at sending end SS(VA)

KReactive power at sending end QS(VAR)

K Power factor at sending end CosS

- 58 -

254

ETJ 100F

W
KJ

KXC=4kXL1=XL2=20R1=R2=10J
KXCLoadJ
K2 VoltmeterJ
K2 AmmeterJ

K2 Wattmeter - 2 VarmeterJ

KEOscilloscopeFJ

K10.4

- 59 -

254

ETJ 100F

K10.4J

J
K

KJ

KJ

CosR

QS
(VAR)

QR
(VAR)

SS
(VA)

SR
(VA)

PS
(W)

PR
(W)

IS
IR VS
(A) (A) (V)

VR
(V)

C(F)

XLoad ()

8.85 f 300
4.42 f600
2.95 f900

Q(VAR)S(VA)

S = 3VI =

S=

P
cos

P2 + Q2

- 60 -

254

ETJ 100F

Efficiency of transmission line

(%)

(%) =
PS
(W)

PR
100
PS
PR
(W)

C(f)

XLoad ()

8.85 f 300
4.42 f600
2.95 f900

Voltage Regulation of lineW

VS V R
100
VR

V (%) =

V
(%)

VS
(V)

VR
(V)

C(f)

XLoad ()

0 f0
8.85 f 300
4.42 f600
2.95 f900

W J

KK

KK

- 61 -

254

ETJ 100F

W J

KK

KK

KK
KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

- 62 -

254

W
K -

W
W

KJ

W
KABCD

K4W

W
KJ
KEHHFJ

KJ

W
K

- 63 -

254

E100FW

Generalized Circuit Constants of Transmission LineEF

13.1

VS = AV R + BI R

I S = CV R + DI R

KA, B, C, D

- 64 -

254

KSending end voltage per phase

VSW

KReceiving end voltage per phase VR

KSending-end current

KReceiving-end current

IS
IR

KLine resistance per phaseR

KInductive line reactance per phaseXL

K Capacitive line reactance per phaseEFXC

KLine voltage drop per phase V

Y=

XC
Z L = R + jX L
Z Y

VS = 1 + L V R + Z L I R

- 65 -

254

A = D = 1+

Z LY
2

B = Z L = R + jX L

YZ

C = Y 1 + L

2
VS = AV R + BI R
I S = CV R + DI R

W
KEFJ
R=20EFJ

KXc1=Xc2=2kXL=40
K2 VoltmeterJ
K2 AmmeterJ

A,C

K13.2

I R = 0 W

: VS = AV R

- 66 -

VS
VR

I S = CV R

A=

C=

IS
VR

254

13.2
KA ,C

IS
(A)

VS
(V)

VR
(V)

B,D :

V R = 0 W
: VS = BI R

B=

VS
IR

I S = DI R

- 67 -

D=

IS
IR

254

13.2
KB ,D

IS
(A)

VS
(V)

IR
(A)

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

- 68 -

254

E100FW

Generalized Circuit Constants of Transmission LineEF

14.1
W

VS = AV R + BI R

I S = CV R + DI R
KA, B, C, D

- 69 -

254

Sending end voltage per phase

VSW

Receiving end voltage per phase VR

Sending-end current

Receiving-end current

IS
IR

Line resistance per phase R

Inductive line reactance per phase XL

Capacitive line reactance per phase EFXC

Y=

1
XC
Z L = R + jX L

Z Y
Z Y

VS = 1 + L V R + Z L 1 + L I R

2
4
YZ

I S = YV R + 1 + L I R

2
- 70 -

254

Z LY

2
Z Y

B = Z L 1 + L

A = D = 1+

C=Y

VS = AV R + BI R
I S = CV R + DI R

W
KEFJ
R1=R2=20EFJ

KXc =4kXL1=XL2=20
2 VoltmeterJ

2 AmmeterJ

A,C

K14.2

I R = 0 W
: VS

A=

= AV R

VS
VR

I S = CV R

- 71 -

C=

IS
VR

254

14.2
KA ,C

IS
(A)

VS
(V)

VR
(V)

B,D :

V R = 0 W

: VS = BI R

B=

VS
IR

I S = DI R

- 72 -

D=

IS
IR

254

14.3
KB ,D

IS
(A)

VS
(V)

IR
(A)

KK

KK

KK

KK

KK

- 73 -

254J

KK

KKK

W
3 KK
3

KKKKK

6 KW
6 KKKK
6
6

KKKK

9
12

13

13

W
13 KKKKK

14

14

15

KK

16
17
18

KK

254J

19

20 E60FW
20 KK
20
21

KK

21
22

22

KK

23

23
23
24

KK

KK

25
25

KK

25

KK

26

E60FW

26
27

27
27

27

KK

KK

28

28

29

E60FW
29 KK

29
30

KK

254J

30
30

KK

31
31

31

KK

KK

32

32

34

EJ 100FW

KEJ 100FW
35
35 KK
35
36

KK

37
37

38
38

38
39
39

KKKK

KK

KK

KEJ 100FW
40
40 KK
40
41

KK

41
42

42

KKKK

254J

42

43

KK

43

43

45
45

EJ 100FW

45
46

KK

KK

KK

46
47

47
47

KKKK

48
48

KK

KK

48

51

ETJ 100FW

KETJ 100FW
52
52 KK
52
53

KK

54
54

55
55

55
56

KKKK

KK

KK

254J

56

57
ETJ 100FW

K
57

57
58

KK

KK

58
59

59

KKKK

59

60
60

KK

KK

60

ETJ 100FW
62
62 KK
62
63

KK

63
64

64
64

65
65

65
68

KKKK

KK

KK

W
KKE100FW

254J

69
69

KK

69

KK

70

EF

71 A,C
72

74
74

74
75

B,D :

E100FW

KK

ETF

KK

76 A,C

77

B,D :

EF
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS