Ly Thuyet MAYA

http://www.ebook.edu.
vn
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Chng I : Tng quan v Maya .............................................................................. 4

1. Gii thiu v Maya.............................................................................................. 4
2: Giao din ca MAYA. ......................................................................................... 4
2.1.H thng Menu tu bin ............................................................................ 4
2.2.Thanh trng thi ........................................................................................... 5
2.3.Gi cng c ..................................................................................................... 6
2.4.B cng c QWERTY.................................................................................... 6
2.5.Khng gian hin th ..................................................................................... 7
2.6.B cng c chn giao din nhanh.......................................................... 7
2.7.Bng Channel................................................................................................. 8
2.8.Bng Layer...................................................................................................... 8
2.9.Nhm cng c iu khin hot cnh .................................................... 9
2.10.Lnh MEL....................................................................................................... 9
2.11.Dng thng tin tr gip......................................................................... 10
Chng II. Mt s tnh nng chnh ..................................................................... 10
1. Khng gian .......................................................................................................... 10
1.1 Khng gian XYZ ......................................................................................... 10
1.2 Khng gian UV............................................................................................. 11
2: Xem khung cnh. ............................................................................................. 11
3: Cc php bin i. ........................................................................................... 13
4: Cc ch hin th .......................................................................................... 14
5: i tng v thnh phn:............................................................................. 15
6: Hp truy cp nhanh HOTBOX ...................................................................... 17
Chng III. H thng dependency graph......................................................... 18
1. Nt vi nhng thuc tnh lin kt............................................................... 18
2. Thuc tnh ............................................................................................................ 19
2.1 Khi nim ...................................................................................................... 19
2.2 To v thay i thuc tnh...................................................................... 20
3. Lin kt ................................................................................................................. 21
3.1 Khi nim ...................................................................................................... 21
3.2 To lin kt ................................................................................................... 22
3.3 Input va Output .......................................................................................... 22
3.4 Lin kt dng vng .................................................................................... 23
3.5 Lin kt ph h ........................................................................................... 23
Chng IV - Dng hnh trong Maya.................................................................... 24
1. NURB...................................................................................................................... 24
1.1 ng cong Nurb ....................................................................................... 24
1.2. B mt NURB.............................................................................................. 25
1.3. Xy dng b mt ...................................................................................... 26
2. Polygon ................................................................................................................. 27
2.1. nh ngha ................................................................................................... 27
2.2. Thnh phn Polygon................................................................................ 28
3 . B mt Sub-Division....................................................................................... 29
4 . Qu trnh dng hnh ( contruction history)........................................... 30
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 1
6/11/2008
1
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
C l thuyt ca MAYA
5. Deformation ........................................................................................................ 30
Chng V Hot cnh (Animation) ...................................................................... 31
1.Key Frame Animation ....................................................................................... 31
2.Path Animation.................................................................................................... 33
3.Trax Animation .................................................................................................. 33
4. Reactive Animation (Chuyn ng tng tc) ...................................... 34
4.1.Set driven key............................................................................................. 34
4.2. Expresssion ................................................................................................. 34
4.3.Constraint...................................................................................................... 34
4.4.Connection .................................................................................................... 35
5. Dynamics.............................................................................................................. 35
6. Character Animation (Din hot nhn vt)........................................... 36
6.1.Skeleton and joints (H thng xng v khp) ............................. 36
6.2. Inverse kinematic( ng lc hc o).............................................. 37
6.3. H thng c v phng php to da. ............................................... 38
6.4.Flexors ............................................................................................................ 38
Chng 6: RENDERING ........................................................................................... 38
1.Thit lp vt liu v Texture.......................................................................... 39
2.nh Texture.......................................................................................................... 39
3.Vt liu ................................................................................................................... 39
3.1.Lambert.......................................................................................................... 39
3.2.Blinn................................................................................................................. 40
3.3. Phong............................................................................................................. 40
3.4.nh sng........................................................................................................ 40
3.5.Motion blur.................................................................................................... 40
3.6.Hardware rendering .................................................................................. 41
3.7.A-buffer rendering ..................................................................................... 41
3.8.Raytrace rendering .................................................................................... 41
3.9.Phng thc hot ng ca cc cng c Render. ......................... 42
3.10.IPR ................................................................................................................. 42
PHN II
Demo ng chng khn kh ..........Error! Bookmark not defined.
Kch bn ......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Cnh 1 .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 2
6/11/2008
2
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Phn I
Nghin cu c s l thuyt ca chng trnh

Alias | Wavefront Maya 5.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 3
6/11/2008
3
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Chng I : Tng quan v Maya

1. Gii thiu v Maya
MAYA, c ly tn t mt khi nim ca o Hindu v o Pht, c hiu
l M Sng To. c hai hng Alias v Wavefront pht trin t gia nhng
nm 1995 v chnh thc c ra mt vo nm 1998.Ngay t khi mi ra i ,
Maya to ra mt cuc cch mng trong vic thit k din xut , to ra cc
hiu ng c bit trong khng gian 3D . Da trn nn tng l mt kin trc th
tc c tn Denpendency Graph, mt kin trc gip cho MAYA tr thnh
mt chng trnh 3D v cng mnh m v mm do d s dng v d nng cp
.Ngy nay , Maya c p dng rt nhiu v chim th phn rt ln trong ngnh
cng nghip 3D . Nhiu b phim hng u nh : "Final Fantasy-the spirit within"
"Finding Nemo","Star War" , " Lord of the Ring " u c s ng gp ca Maya .
Phin bn mi nht ca Maya l 5.0
2: Giao din ca MAYA.

Khi bn khi ng MAYA, bn s c giao din sau y (nu bn khng thay i
giao din ngm nh). Trong khng gian lm vic ny, bn c th chn nhiu
cch khc nhau xem tc phm ca bn cng nh truy cp ti nhiu cng c
khc nhau thay i thng s ca cc vt th 3D trong khung cnh.
2.1.H thng Menu tu bin
H thng Menu nm pha trn, cha nhng cng c, hnh ng to hay

hiu chnh cnh v c th tu bin theo vic s dng ca mi ngi, mi thi
im. c thay i bi bng chn MenuSet.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 4
6/11/2008
4
C l thuyt ca MAYA
H thng ny bao gm nm b:
Animation
nhng cng c lm hot cnh.
Phm tt: F2
Modeling
nhng cng c to, sa vt th 3D
Phm tt: F3
Rendering
nhng cng c quy nh vic gn vt Phm tt: F4

liu v kt xut.
Dynamics
b cng c gip to ra nhng hiu ng Phm tt: F5

c bit.
Live
b cng c gip ng b, chnh sa Phm tt: F6

phim.
H thng menu tu bin ny s gip bn tp trung hn vo cng vic ang lm.
2.2.Thanh trng thi
Thanh trng thi nm di Menu v gm:

nhng cng c gip lm vic vi file ,
nhng cng c gip chn i tng v cc i tng con nh im, ng,

mt,
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 5
6/11/2008
5
C l thuyt ca MAYA
v nhng cng c dng snap (dnh) i tng.
2.3.Gi cng c
Gi ng cng c (Tool Shelf) l nhng Tab cha nhng cng c hoc hnh
ng. Cng nh Menu, bn c th tu bin bng cch a thm cng c vo gi
vI phm tt Alt-Ctrl-Shift
2.4.B cng c QWERTY

Nm pha bn tri mn hnh, l nhng cng c gip di chuyn, xoay hay bin
i t l ca nhn vt mt cch trc tip. l:
Chn vt th.
Phm tt: Q.
Di chuyn vt th.
Phm tt: W.
Xoay vt th.
Phm tt: E.
Thay i t l.
Phm tt: R.
Hin th manipulator (cn Phm tt: T.

iu khin ).
Cng c cui cng c Phm tt: Y.
chn.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 6
6/11/2008
6
C l thuyt ca MAYA
2.5.Khng gian hin th

Khu vc ny c th c chia thnh nhiu panel khc nhau, em n nhiu
cch khc nhau th hin, kin to hay nh gi khung cnh ca bn. Khng
gian ny c th c tu bin bng nhiu cch
2.6.B cng c chn giao din nhanh

Nhm nhng cng c gip vic chn nhanh nhng h thng panel c sn, gip
th hin mt cng on no ca cng vic bn ang lm. Bn c th dng
chut phi c thm nhiu tu chn hn
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 7
6/11/2008
7
C l thuyt ca MAYA
2.7.Bng Channel
Bng channel nm pha bn phi, cho php bn theo di v thay i, to key
cho nhng thng s ca i tng c chn. Bng channel cho php bn x l
vI nhng gi tr thc v tt nhin, chnh xc hn nhiu so vi nhng cng c
bin i QWERTY
2.8.Bng Layer
Trong Maya, tn ti hai loi lp (Layer), l Lp hin th (Display layer) dng
qun l i tng trong cnh, trong khi Lp kt xut (Render layer) th c
dng qun l nhng phn render ring bit ca mi cnh.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 8
6/11/2008
8
C l thuyt ca MAYA
2.9.Nhm cng c iu khin hot cnh
Thanh trt thi gian cho bn thy khong thI gian ca hot cnh, cho thy v
tr hin thI ca cnh cng nh nhng key ca I tng hay nhn vt c
chn. Bn c th dng thanh trt ny xem qua hot cnh.
Nhm cng c Playback, cho php bn chy, tua, tin, li quan st hot cnh.
Thanh trt Ranger: quy nh im bt u v kt thc ca hot cnh cng nh

on s th hin trong hot cnh, iu ny rt hu ch khi bn mun tp trung
vo mt on ngn ca mt hot cnh ln
Menu Character gip bn qun l v iu khin cc nhn vt
2.10.Lnh MEL
Tng lnh MEL (MAYA embeded languages) n l c th c a vo trc
tip t giao din, khng cn qua MEL Editor, trong khu vc nhp lnh v kt qu
tr v s c hin th khu vc kt qu bn cnh.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 9
6/11/2008
9
C l thuyt ca MAYA
2.11.Dng thng tin tr gip

Dng thng tin tr gip nm y mn hnh cho bn mt s thng tin chnh v
cng c hay menu m chut ca bn tr ti. Vi mt s hnh ng c nhiu
bc, dng ny cng s hin th ni dung cng vic bc tip theo hon
thnh tin trnh
Chng II. Mt s tnh nng chnh

1. Khng gian
1.1 Khng gian XYZ
-Khng gian trong MAYA c nh hnh bi 3 trc to , XY v Z. X c coi

nh chiu rng, Y nh chiu cao v Z th nh su ca khng gian. Mi im
trong h to ny c xc nh bi tp hp gm 3 gi tr (x,y,z) v l v tr
tng i so vi gc to (0,0,0). gip bn xc nh cc trc ta c cc mu
ngm nh :
Trc X:
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 10
6/11/2008
10
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Trc Y:
Xanh l cy
Trc Z:
Xanh nc bin
d nh, ta c XYZ => RGB

-Li nn(Grid): l mt b mt nn c to ra nhm lm vt tham chiu, gip
bn nh hng d hn trong khng gian 3 chiu. Li ny c t trn mt
phng XZ v ly trc Y lm php tuyn.
-MAYA s dng trc Y lm trc cho chiu cao, v vy khi chuyn i gia cc
chng trnh khc, c bit l CAD vi trc Z lm chiu cao, ta phi hoc xoay
li m hnh trong MAYA hoc chuyn i trc hin th chiu cao ca MAYA sang
Z.
1.2 Khng gian UV

Khi xy dng b mt hay ng cong trong Maya chng c to ra vi khng
gian to a phng c 2 chiu UV . Khng gian ny gip nh hng tt hn
khi p vt liu ln b mt .
lm vic trn khng gian UV , phi tin hnh lm sng b mt ( make surface
live )
Image :)))))
2: Xem khung cnh.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 11
6/11/2008
11
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Trong khng gian MAYA, chng ta c rt nhiu khung nhn quan st vt th,
l nhng khung nhn trc giao(Orthographic View), khung nhn phi cnh
(Perspective View)v nhng khung nhn ca Camera
+Nhng khung nhn ngm nh:
l khung nhn phi cnh v 3 khung nhn trc giao: Trc, trn v tri. Khung
nhn phi cnh cho php di chuyn vt th theo 3 trc XYZ trong khi 3 khung
nhn cn li ch cho php di chuyn theo 2 trc. y l nhng khung nhn chun
ngm nh khng ch trong MAYA m cn trong hu ht nhng chng trnh 3D
khc.
+iu khin camera trong khung nhn:
Camera c th c iu khin d dng trong cc khung nhn ch vi chut v
phm Alt . Ta c nhng thao tc sau:
+Tumble (Xoay camera) Gi Alt + di chut tri
+Track (Di chuyn camera ln xung, tri phi)
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 12
Gi Alt + di chut gia
6/11/2008
12
C l thuyt ca MAYA
+Dolly (Di chuyn camera ra vo) Gi Alt + di chut phi
3: Cc php bin i.
Nhng php bin i l nhng s thay i v v tr, hng hay t l ca i
tng trong khng gian. Ta c nt Transform lu tr tt c thng tin ca nhng
php bin i ny v b cng c QWERTY nhm thc hin nhng php bin i
mt cch trc tip thng qua nhng manipulator (cn iu khin). Mi cn iu
khin ny c hnh dng khc nhau v u bao gm 3 trc XYZ vi 3 mu RGB
phn bit. Nhng cn iu khin ny c thit k sao cho bn c th thc hn
php bin i ln 1,2 hoc c 3 trc khng gian.
+Cn iu khin ca cng c Move (Dch chuyn)
+Cn iu khin ca cng c Rotate (Xoay)
+Cn iu khin ca cng c Scale (T l)
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 13
6/11/2008
13
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Pivot Point : im neo

Nt transform c xy dng vI mt I tng c bit th c gI l im
Neo . Cng ging nh cnh tay ngI c gn vo cI ch v xay quanh cI
ch . im neo ny chnh l cI mc xoay hay bin I mt nt transform .
VI vic thay I v tr ca im neo so vi nt , ta s c nhng kt qu khc
nhau
4: Cc ch hin th
Menu Shading cho php bn thay i cch hin th vt th. Mi cch hin th ny
c th khc nhau mi khung nhn. Vi khung cnh cng tr nn phc tp th
cng cn phi c cch hin th n gin. Kiu hin th ngm nh ca MAYA l
wireframe(khung dy). Ta c cc cch hin th v phm tt nh sau.
+Mc chi tit 1 Phm tt 1

+Wireframe(khung dy) Phm tt 4 <== y l ch hin th ngm nh ca
MAYA
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 14
6/11/2008
14
C l thuyt ca MAYA
+Smooth (b mt trn) Phm tt 5 <== Hin th i tng vi b mt trn v

mu b mt
+Hardware Texturing(c vt liu) Phm tt 6 <== Hin th b mt trn v c vt

liu p ln
+Hardware Lighting(c ngun sng) Phm tt 7 <== Hin th nh sng, vt liu

ca b mt trn
5: i tng v thnh phn:

Bn c th bin i vt th trong MAYA bng cch chn i tng hoc nhng
thnh phn ca i tng . Selection Mask (mt n chn) cho php bn ch
chn nhng thnh phn/i tng m bn mun tc ng ln trong hkung cnh.
Nhng mt n chn ny c nhm thnh 3 nhm, l chn theo Hierachy
(th bc)
phn)
, chn theo Object (i tng)
v chn theo Component (thnh
. Phm tt F8 gip bn chuyn i nhanh gia Object <==> Component.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 15
6/11/2008
15
C l thuyt ca MAYA
++Mt n chn Hierachy:
Mt n chn Hierachy cho php bn chn la nhng nt ti nhng mc khc

nhau, l Root, Leaf v Template. Trong ch ny, bn ch c th chn mt
trong 3 mc trong mt thi im.
++Mt n chn Object
Mt n chn Object cho php bn chn la, lc tt c nhng i tng trong

khung cnh, cho php tc ng ln i tng mc nt Transform. l nhng
i tng nh ng cong, mt, xng,...
++Mt n chn Component
\
Mt n chn Component cho php bn tc ng ln nhng b phn cu thnh

nn i tng, l im, ng, handle. Tc ng ln nt Shape.
++Cc loi i tng
i tng trong cnh bao gm cc loi: Handles, Curves, Surface, Dynamic,
Joint, Deformer, Rendering v Miscelaneous. i tng khi c to ra bao
gm 2 nt: nt Transform cha nhng thng s v v tr, hng ca i tng
trong khi nt Shape li quy nh hnh dng ca i tng.
Handles: Nhng vt iu khin IK c p vo xng gip lm chuyn
ng.
Joints: Nhng i tng xng gip iu khin nhn vt.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 16
6/11/2008
16
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Curves: Nhng ng cong trong khung cnh.

Surfaces: Nhng b mt trong khung cnh.
Deformations: L nhng deformer (vt bin dng) nh Cluster flexor hay
Latice. C nhin v bin i hnh dng ca vt th.
Dynamics: Cc h thng ht ca MAYA.
Renderings: Cc i tng nh ngun sng, camera, vt liu l i tng
dng rendering.
Miscelaneous: Cc i tng khc.

++Cc loi thnh phn cu thnh nn i tng
thay i hnh dng ca mt i tng, bn phi thay i nhng thnh phn
cu thnh nn i tng , nhng thnh phn ny c dng nh hnh mt
cch trc tip i tng, chng l:
Points: im dng CVs hoc Polygonal vertices.
Parm Points: l nhng im nm trc tip trn b mt hoc ng cong.
Lines: l nhng ng dng Isoparm hay Trimedge.
Faces: nhng b mt c to ra t nhng ng giao nhau.
Hulls: l nhng ng ni cc CV. c dng chn hay ging
nhiu CV 1 lc.
Pivotpoints: gip xc nh v tr gc cho nhng php bin i.
Handles: nhng vt iu khin.
Miscelaneous: cc thnh phn khc.
6: Hp truy cp nhanh HOTBOX
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 17
6/11/2008
17
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Khi bn nhn v gi phm Space trong khung nhn, bng truy cp nhanh Hotbox
s hin ra, gip bn c kh nng truy cp ti mi lnh trong Menu cng nh
trong Shelf ngay ti con tr chut. Hp truy cp nhanh ny hon ton c th tu
bin theo mun ca bn (Customizable).
Chng III. H thng dependency graph

1. Nt vi nhng thuc tnh lin kt
Tt c cc i tng trong Maya , d l ng cong , b mt , nh sng, vt liu
... iu c coi l mt hoc nhiu nt . Tp hp ca tt c nhng nt ny v
nhng lin kt trong n , ta c ton b khung cnh . Mi nt ny bao gm nhiu
tham s khc nhau v c lin kt vi nhau
nm r hn , chng ta hy xem iu g xy ra khi to mt khi cu NURB .
quan st nhng nt ny v mi tng quan gia chng ta xem trong panel
HyperGraph
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 18
6/11/2008
18
C l thuyt ca MAYA
* Transform node :
Nt ny mang nhng thng tin v v tr ca i tng khng gian khi bn , di
chuyn , hay bin i t l ca 1 nt gi tr trong nt ny s thay i .
* Input node
Nt input cho php thay i thng s ca vic to ra khi cu , v d bn knh
hay lng span
* Shape node
Nt ny mang nhng thng s v thnh phn to nn khi cu , n quyt nh
cch m khi cu th hin trong khng gian.
2. Thuc tnh
2.1 Khi nim
i vi nt transform X Translate l mt thuc tnh
i vi nt Shader ( vt liu ) , Color Red l mt thuc tnh
i vi nt Input ,Radius l mt thuc tnh
Mi nt c nh ngha bi mt tp hp cc thuc tnh khc nhau . V mi tp
hp ny khc nhau ty theo nhim v ca nt .
VD . Nt transform s bao gm nhng thuc tnh v v tr trong khng gian
Nt vt liu bao gm nhng thuc tnh v vt liu , v cc thuc tnh ca b
mt .
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 19
6/11/2008
19
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Chanel box
2.2 To v thay i thuc tnh

Bn c th thay i gi tr ca nhng thuc tnh ny . Maya cung cp kh nhiu
ty chn lm c iu ny . l : Channel Box, ttribute Editor v Spread
Sheet Editor
Attribute Editor
Vic a thm thuc tnh vo mt nt rt d dng bng cch chn nt Modify ->
Add attribute.
Trong Maya c mt s nt ch cho php c. M khng cho php thay i , v
vic thay i c th nh hng xu n khung cnh .
V d
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 20
6/11/2008
20
layerManager
globalCacheControl
defaultHardwareRenderGlobals
ikSystem
characterPartition
renderPartition
defaultRenderLayer
globalRender
renderLayerManager
strokeGlobals
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Mt tnh nng na rt quan trng ca Maya iu lm cho Maya tr nn rt mm

do l kh nng hot ha mi thuc tnh ca bt k nt no .Mi thuc tnh u
c th hot ha , khng ch n thun l v tr , kch thc m cn l nh sng ,
mu sc . Ta c th d dng nhn thy Channel box chnh l bn thu gn ca
Arttibute Editor vi nhng thuc tnh c kh nng hot ha ( Key able )
Spreadsheet
3. Lin kt
3.1 Khi nim
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 21
6/11/2008
21
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Nhng nt khng ng 1 cch c lp .Mt hot cnh cho bit bn bt u to

lin kt gia cc thuc tnh trong cc nt khc nhau. Nhng lin kt ny cho thy
tnh ph thuc trong Dependency Graph. Trong cng vic dng hnh , nhng
lin kt ny i khi c coi nh Construction History .
3.2 To lin kt
Hu ht cc lin kt u c th to ra t ng thng qua giao din , l kt qu
ca mt lnh hay mt cng c . Ngoi ra chng ta c th to ra cc lin kt
khng phi dng chun thng qua Connection Editor hay s dng MEL script
Conection Editor
3.3 Input va Output

Mi lin kt u bt u vi nhng gi tr thuc tnh ca mt nt ny v truyn
gi tr ny cho mt nt khc . Thng thng ,
- Input l tp hp gi tr u vo ca mt nt . Thng thng ta c th thay i
gi tr ny qua Channel Box v Attribute Editor .
Ch cn phi phn bit khi nim Input v nt Input
-Output l gi tr u ra ca mt nt , gi tr ny l gi tr n v ta bit n s tn
ti ca n thng qua s tn ti ca lin kt
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 22
6/11/2008
22
C l thuyt ca MAYA
3.4 Lin kt dng vng

-Maya cho php tn ti nhng lin kt dng vng . Tuy nhin vic s dng
nhng lin kt dng vng ny khng c khuyn co bi v chng em li
nhng kt qu khng mong i v Maya gp kh khn trong vic la chn nt
khi u
- Mi ln thc hin cho php thc hin mt kt qu khc nhau
- Khng th dng lnh undo phc hi trng thi c
3.5 Lin kt ph h
Mt lin kt c bit khc cua Maya l lin kt ph h . Lin kt ph h l lin
kt ti nhng nt transform hay nhng nt xng . ( Joint node) . Nhng lin kt
ny to ra mt kiu quan h th bc gia cc i tng .
Trong lin kt ph h, 1 nt transform c coi l gc.Khi Maya lm vic vi i
tng n s tm n nt gc u tin . Sau chuyn ng ca nt gc ny s
c truyn n cc nt con.
Hierachy
Mt nt xng cng tng t . Khi xng gc quay th cc xng xung quanh

cng quay theo tng i
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 23
6/11/2008
23
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Chng IV - Dng hnh trong Maya

1. NURB
1.1 ng cong Nurb
NURB vit tt ca Non Uniform Rational B- Spline: l mt khi nim ca ng
cong Spline . Vi vic modeling vi NURB, ta to nhng im iu khin
(Control Vertex ) v nhng ng cong iu khin b mt.
Hnh nh ca 1 ng cong NURB vi nhng phn quan trng :
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 24
6/11/2008
24
C l thuyt ca MAYA
ng cong NURB
Nhng thnh phn ny quyt nh n vic hin th ca NUPB
Curve direction : ng cong NURB ch c mt hng U
Span : khong cch gia 2 im Editpoint
Hull : ng ni gia 2 im cho
CV : im iu khin .
1.2. B mt NURB
B mt NURB c nh ngha ging nh ng cong . Tuy nhin , c thm mt
trc V , to thnh to UV ca b mt .
Cc thnh phn ca b mt NURB
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 25
6/11/2008
25
C l thuyt ca MAYA
*CV: Nhng im iu khin khng nm trn b mt NURB c s dng

bin i hnh dng ca b mt
*Hull: Hull ln ng thng kt ni CV. Khi bn chn mt ng Hull, ta chn
cc im CV c lin quan. Hull gip ta chn CV d dng hn i vi b mt
phc tp
*Isoparm: Isoparm l nhng ng thng i din cho li trn b mt theo U
v V . Nhng ng Isoparm ny c th c chn vo , b i hay c s
dng lm mc bt dnh ( snap ) . ng isoparm c th trng hoc khng
trng vi Hull
*Spans : cn c gi l Segment ,l khong cch gia 2 Isoparm ti 2 im
edit point . Khi to i tng NURB nh Kerolre, Primitiveshang Loft , ta c th
quyt nh s Segments hay span
*Gc ca b mt , 2 ng Isoparm gc , i din cho mt phng UV
1.3. Xy dng b mt
xy dng b mt NURB , Maya cung cp rt nhiu cng c
*Primitives : Cc i tng nguyn thu ca NURB l khi cu , khi hp hay
khi tr . y l nn tng ca nhiu hnh khc .
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 26
6/11/2008
26
C l thuyt ca MAYA
*Trimsurface
: Cng c to mt b mt vi mt ng cong kn . C rt
nhiu cch to ng cong kn ny .
* Extrude Surface
: Cng c Extrude to mt b mt bng cch qut mt ct
ca mt ng cong theo mt ng cong khc , ng cong c extrude c
th l ng h hoc kn , ng isoparm b mt , hoc ng gii hn trim.
Extrude thng c dng c to su.
*Birail Surface
: Cng c birail to b mt bng cch dng 2 hay nhiu
ng cong gc , qut theo 2 ng cong song song ( rail).
* Fillet + blend surrface:
cng c fillet to mt b mt lin , kt ni gia 2 b mt khc . C 3 loi cng c
fillet
Circular Fillet
Free form Fillet
Fillet Blend
* Loft surface
:
Mt b mt Loft c to t t nht 2 ng cong trn b mt hoc isoparm v
tt nht l cng tham s c 1 b mt trn
* Revolve Surface
:
Cng c Revolve to mt b mt t mt ng cong gc bng cch xoay ng
cong ny theo mt trc . Ta c th d dng thay i hnh dng mi bng cch
thay i hnh dng ca ng gc trong construction history
2. Polygon
2.1. nh ngha
Polygon l mt dng b mt hnh hc trong Maya. Khc vi NURB s dng
nhng im , ng cong iu khin tng tc b mt . Polygon dng gii
php v trc tip im iu khin to thnh b mt . Li polygon c to
thnh t a gic c 3 cnh( triangle), hoc 4 canh ( quad) , hay nhiu cnh ( N-
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 27
6/11/2008
27
C l thuyt ca MAYA
gons) . Li polygon ny c th c to thnh t nhiu cch : qua vt the

polygon nguyn thu , cong c Edit Poly hay dng phng php NURB ->Poly.
2.2. Thnh phn Polygon.

Mi li polygon bao gm nhng thnh phn c th thay i to v chnh sa
b mt . C 4 dng thnh phn chnh
Vertex : 1 vertex l mt im trong khong gian 3D. 3 hay nhiu vertext ni vi
nhau to thnh mt mt . 1 vertex c th c di chuyn . Chn vertex bng
phm F9.
Edges: Nhng cnh ni 2 im bng cch v mt on thng gia chng. Mt

cnh n gin c th di chuyn , thay i t l hay xoay . Chn Edge bng phm
F10 ( Edge Seclection Mode).
Face: Mt mt c to thnh t 3 cnh hay hn

Mt mt c 3 canh ,l tam gic , 4 cnh l t gic v nhiu hn l a gic n
cnh. Mt cng c th di chuyn , xoay hay thay i t l .
Chn mt bng phm F11 , Face Selection Mode
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 28
6/11/2008
28
C l thuyt ca MAYA
UV : UV l trc to hin th vt liu p ln b mt .

Chn UV bng phm F12
Smooth: Mt tnh nng quan trng trong vic dng hnh vi polygon l tnh nng
smooth. Vic smooth b mt s lm tng s mt nhng li lm cho i tng
thc v mm hn .
3 . B mt Sub-Division
Vic xy dng b mt vi NURB cho ra nhng b mt rt mn , tuy nhin vic s
dng Polygon li rt mm do trong vic ni ghp thm cc thnh phn khc
.Maya kt hp 2 tnh nng trong b mt Sub_division. B mt subdiv ch s dng
mt lng nh cc im iu khin nh NURB . Nhng li cho php extru to
chi tit trn b mt nh Polygon . B mt sub div rt thch hp vi nhng i
tng c organic i hi c chnh xc cao nh bn tay hoc mt ngi . Vic
chuyn i t polygon hay NURB -> Sub div cng c thc hin d dng vi
lnh convert to Subdiv
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 29
6/11/2008
29
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Mt bn tay vi Subdiv
4 . Qu trnh dng hnh ( contruction history)

Khi to hnh trong Maya , cc bc to hnh theo th t tc ng ln i tng
c ghi li ti nhng nt ca h thng Dependence Graph . Nhng nt ny
chnh l lch s qu trnh dng hnh ( construction History ) , c kt ni vi
nhau v kt ni vi b mt cui cng .
Trong v d di , ng cong c s dng to thnh b mt xoay .
maya lu thng tin thnh nhng nt : hnh dng ng cong , thao tc revolve ,
v hnh dng cui . Vic thay i gi tr ti hnh dng ng cong s lm thay i
hnh dng ca b mt
5. Deformation
Deformation l mt i tng c bit ca qu trnh dng hnh Dng thay i
hnh dng ca i tng khc. C tc ng ln i tng hoc cc thnh phn
ca i tng
Lattice : Lattice l mt h thng khung bao ngoi i tng , khi p vo s lm
thay i hnh dang ca i tng theo khung
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 30
6/11/2008
30
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Lattice
Sculpt Opject: C tc dng lm li hoc lm ca b mt m n tc ng vo .
Cluster : l mt nhm im iu khin , c tp hp thnh mt im duy nht ,
c mt im neo v mt pivot ring . im cluster ny c th c bin i hoc
thm vo cc thng s v khi lng
Chng V Hot cnh (Animation)
Cng nh trong nhiu chng trnh 3 D khc . Maya s dng h thng Frame
lm cn bn chuyn ng . Nhng frame mang nhng thay i xut hin trong
khong thi gian nhanh ( thng la 24 hnh /s) s gy cm gic chuyn ng.
din hot , ta c mt s phng php c bn sau.
1.Key Frame Animation

y l k thut ph bin nht , s dng frame nh du gi l keyframe . Vi k
thut ny ta t t th ,trng thi ca i tng ti nhng v tr khc nhau m ta
mun , lu li nhng trng thi ny thnh nhng key . Sau , nhng Frame
gia 2 key frame s c chng trnh t ng tnh ton to ra s chuyn
tip gia 2 trng thi k nhau.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 31
6/11/2008
31
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Nhng Frame c ni suy gi l Inbetween Frame .

Khi mt key c t i vi mt thuc tnh gi tr ca key, gi tr ny s c
lu trong mt loi nt c tn " animation curre" . i vi mi thuc tnh b thay i
, ta c mt nt animation curvers
V d , i vi mt nt transsform c key
Nhng nt ny s quyt nh ti cch m Maya s ni suy gia 2 gi tr key ,

thng qua hnh dng ca ng cong chuyn tip , ta c th tng tc , gim tc
ca hot cnh bng cch iu chnh ng cong trong panel Graph Editor
Gia tc ca chuyn ng s t l thun gia gc to bi tip tuyn ca ng

cong i vi trc honh
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 32
6/11/2008
32
C l thuyt ca MAYA
2.Path Animation
K thut ny cho php mt hay nhiu i tng chuyn ng theo mt ng

cong c xc nh trc trong khng gian . Ta c th s dng hnh dng
ca ng cong v t nhng v tr nh du c bit trn ng cong tinh
chnh chuyn ng . i vi Path Animation ta c cc khi nim sau
1. Path curve : L ng cong qu o m i tng s chuyn ng . ng

cong ny c th c thay i hnh dng bt k lc no
2. Path marker : Nhng im nh du trn ng cong c mang s th t
ca Frame . Thng thng c 2 path marke chun cho mi ng cong l frame
u v frame cui ng vi im u v im cui ca Path Curve
3.Trax Animation
Trax Animation l phng thc chuyn ng phi tuyn tnh. Phng thc ny
cho php ta to nhng on chuyn ng trn nhng layer khc nhau , hoc
trn ln nhng on chuyn ng khc nhau c lp tuyn tnh theo thi gian.
Ta c th to lp v trn bt k loi chuyn ng chuyn key no , bao gm ,
chuyn ng t motion capture hay path animation, iu ny c thc hin
thng qua h thng bng Trax editor
Vi bn trax editor ny, ta d dng ko th, co dn t chuyn ng trn nhng

layer khc nhau.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 33
6/11/2008
33
C l thuyt ca MAYA
4. Reactive Animation (Chuyn ng tng tc)

y l mt khi nim s dng m t mt chuyn ng ca mt i tng ny
b ph thuc vo chuyn ng ca mt i tng khc. V d d thy, l chuyn
ng ca 2 bnh xe ni vi nhau bng rng ca, chuyn ng quay ca bnh xe
ny c lin kt vi chuyn ng quay ca mt bnh xe cn li, khi ta t key
th bnh xe khc cng t ng c t key v iu ny cng tng t khi ta
thay i gi tr key. Trong Maya c mt s phng php thit lp chuyn
ng tng tc sau y.
4.1.Set driven key.

Cng c ny cho php ta t mt thuc tnh l thuc tnh li (Driver), mt hoc
nhiu thuc tnh cn li l thuc tnh b li (Driven). Ta c bng SetDriven key
nh sau:
4.2. Expresssion
Expression l nhng on m lnh MEL cho php ta lin kt thuc tnh khc
nhau trn nhng nt khc nhau.
4.3.Constraint
Constraints thit lp mi quan h gia 2 i tng bng cch:
+point at
+orient to
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 34
6/11/2008
34
C l thuyt ca MAYA
+look at
4.4.Connection
Thuc tnh c th c lin kt trc tip vi cc thuc tnh khc thng qua
nhng lin kt ph thuc. iu ny c th th hin trc tip qua bn connection
editor
5. Dynamics
Mt k thut to chuyn ng khc l Dynamics. Bn c th thit lp nhng i
tng ca bn trong Maya da trn nhng hiu ng vt l nh tng tc, trng
lc v gi vi mt s bin nh : ny (bounciness), lc ma st (friction) hoc
vn tc ban u (Initial velocity).
K thut ny em li cho bn nhng chuyn ng t nhin m kh thc hin
bng key frame. Bn c th s dng Dynamics vi i tng vt rn( rigid
body), cc h thng ht (particles) hay i tng mm(soft body objects).
+ Rigid body objects : l nhng i tng rn m bn khng cn lm cho bin
dng. Bn c th thit lp kiu gi lp ny bng cch thit lp nh vt th ch
ng v vt th b ng. Mt vt th ch ng tng tc li ng lc (Dynamic),
ngc li nhng vt th b ng ch c vai tr l nhng i tng tng tc i
vi i tng ch ng.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 35
6/11/2008
35
C l thuyt ca MAYA
gi lp nhng hiu ng nh gi hay trng lc, ta s dng nhng trng lc

dynamic, nhng trng ny c thm vo cnh khi chng c lin kt vi
nhng i tng.
Particle l nhng ht nh m c th c s dng to ra nhng hiu
ng nh khi, la hay nhng v n. Nhng im ny c pht ra trong cnh ,
ni m chng cng b nh hng ca nhng trng lc dynamic
Nhng vt th mm l nhng b mt m bn mun lm bin dng trong sut
qu trnh gi lp. to mt vt th mm, bn s kt hp mt b mt vi mt
lot cc im nh (particles). Nhng im nh ny s tc ng tr li ng lc
hc thc y gip cho to ra b mt bin dng.
6. Character Animation (Din hot nhn vt)

Trong Maya,nhng chuyn ng tiu biu ca nhn vt bao gm nhng chuyn
ng ca cc b mt s dng h thng xng lin kt thnh chui v nhng
iu khin ng lc hc o (Inverse kinematic handles) gip iu khin chuyn
ng. Trong cng mt thi im, nhng chui ny c th c thit lp lm
vic vi nhng i tng deformer c bit c gi chung l nhng flexor.
Nhng flexor ny cho php to nhng bin dng trn b mt nhn vt.
6.1.Skeleton and joints (H thng xng v khp)

Trong ho ph thuc, h thng xng l nhng lin kt c th bc. H thng
ny c cu thnh t nhiu nt lin kt v thng bt u t mt nt gc. i
vi h xng ca c th ngi, nt gc ny thng c t l nt khp hng.
Mt xng c cu to t hai nt lin kt v c lin kt theo b ngoi bng
nhng biu tng xng. H thng th bc ny cho php bn nhm hoc phn
vng nhng thnh phn khc nhau ca mi nhn vt.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 36
6/11/2008
36
C l thuyt ca MAYA
6.2. Inverse kinematic( ng lc hc o)

H thng khp lm vic nh cc h thng th bc khc gm nt gc v nhng
nt con c quan h th bc . Vic quay mt nt s dn n vic quay nhng nt
con ca n nhng khng lm nh hng n nhng nt cha. y c gi l
ng lc hc thun . Phng php ng lc hc thun ny c dng m
phng nhng chuyn ng mang tnh my mc. Tuy nhin vic m phng nhng
chuyn ng mang tnh thc, nh chuyn ng ca bn chn bn tay gp kh
nhiu kh khn , t ta c phng php ng lc hc o
-Phng php ng lc hc o cho php ta lm theo th t ngc li ca h
thng th bc . Bng vic t nhng iu khin IK , ni t khp xng u ti
khp xng cui . Ta c mt gii php tt hn iu khin xng . Maya cung
cp cho ta 3 gii php iu khin IK. l:
_ IK single chain
_ IK spline
_ IK rotate plane
Mi gii php ny c thit k iu khin vic quay ca cc khp , khi cn
iu khin IK c di chuyn , nhng gii php IK ny s quyt nh vic quay
ca cc xng xng cui lun hng ti cn iu khin IK. Mi gii php
ny u c cch iu khin ring .
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 37
6/11/2008
37
C l thuyt ca MAYA
6.3. H thng c v phng php to da.

Khi h thng xng c thit lp, chng ta c th gn da cho nhn vt
bng cch gn h thng xng ny vi b mt, iu khin nhng b mt ny vi
vic quay ca khp. Ta c hai gii php : Soft skinning v Hard skinning. S
khc bit hai phng php by l vic s dng nhng b c v khi lng
ca nhng b c ny Soft skinning.
Soft Skinning
6.4.Flexors
Trong mt s trng hp vic to da khng em li, kt qu nh mun, ta
phi s dng nhng Flexor to nhng bin i trn b mt c nhng khu
vc gn nhng khp xng
Chng 6: RENDERING
Vic kt xut l qu trnh hon thnh ca mt khung cnh a ra sn phm
cui cng, qu trnh ny bao gm cc bc: t vt liu, p texture, thit lp
nh sng v cui cng l kt xut.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 38
6/11/2008
38
C l thuyt ca MAYA
1.Thit lp vt liu v Texture

Trong Maya ta c th thm cc b mt texture v nhng hiu ng render khc
bng cch s dng nhng nhm t bng. Nhm t bng l mt mng cc nt
khng ph thuc c kt ni hon ton ti mt nt Shading groups. Nhm ny
c th bao gm cc nt b mt(texture) v to p ln b mt(UV), loi vt
liu(material) v thm ch c nhng ngun sng c lin quan.
2.nh Texture
thm chi tit cho shading groups, ta c th p nh texture ln nhiu thuc
tnh khc nhau nhu : bump ( g gh b mt), trong sut v mu sc. Nhng
nh b mt ny s b nh hng bi to UV ca b mt i tng.
3.Vt liu
Nhng loi vt liu khc nhau c p dng cho nhng kt cu khc nhau. S
khc bit ln nht gia cc loi vt liu chnh l cch mi loi ny iu khin
phn chiu khi kt xut. tin so snh, ta xem qua 3 loi vt liu c bn nht
ca Maya:
3.1.Lambert
y l loi vt liu c bn nht v khng h c bt k thng s no v phn
chiu. y l loi vt liu l tng cho nhng b mt khng phn quang. Loi b
mt ny c th trong sut v b khc x khi d tia nhng s khng c tia phn x.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 39
6/11/2008
39
C l thuyt ca MAYA
3.2.Blinn
y l loi vt liu thng c dng vi phn chiu cao vi nhng thun
tnh nh Eccentricity v Specular Rolloff. Vt liu ny kh ging vi vt liu
Phong vi phn chiu sc nt hn. y l vt liu hay c dng cho thu
tinh v kim loi.
3.3. Phong
Vt liu Phong thm vo vt liu Lambert mt thuc tnh phn chiu kh sc
nt. Kch thc, cng ca nh sng phn chiu c i khin bi thuc
tnh ng cong Cosine Power. Vt liu ny cng c th phn x vi nh map
moi trng hay d tia. y l loi vt liu thng dng m phng cht do.
Lambert - Blinn v Phong
3.4.nh sng
Trc khi render, ta phi lm sng khung cnh bng cch s dng mt s
ngun sng. Nhng n ny cho php bn to khng gian cho khung cnh bng
nhiu cch, cng ging nh ngi chp nh s dng nh sng. Maya cho php
bn xem trc nhng ngun sng tch hp khi model, hoc ta c th render
xem hiu qu cui cng.
Mt s ngun sng chnh
3.5.Motion blur
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 40
6/11/2008
40
C l thuyt ca MAYA
Khi mt camera thc chp mt cnh i tng ang chuyn ng , nh cui

cng thng b m khng r nt. Trong Maya c th s dng cng c motion
blur thm s sinh ng ca mt khung cnh. Maya c 2 loi motion blur motion
blur 2D1/2 hoc 3D. Ta c th s dng c 2 loi motion blur.
3.6.Hardware rendering
Maya cung cp hardware rendering cho php ta nhn thy nh c render
trn mn hnh xem trc nhng hot cnh ca chng ta. Bn cng c th s
dung Hardware rendering render mt s hiu ng c bit. Nhng hiu
ng ny sau c th hp li hnh nh c render vi software
3.7.A-buffer rendering
Maya s dng ngm nh h thng A-buffer cho render software . Loi cng c
render ny cho php bn nhn nhng cnh c t bng vi bng and
motion blur. Cng c render ny cn thit nht cho vic render ca bn.
3.8.Raytrace rendering
D tia cho php bn khung cnh c hin tng phn x v khc x. Maya c
ch selective raytracing, cho php ch c nhng b t bng c kiu d tia mi
b nh hng. Qu trnh d tia thng rt chm, do ch nn dng thay cho h
thng A-buffer mc nh khi c nhng yu cu cao v cht l ng ca nh kt
xut.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 41
6/11/2008
41
C l thuyt ca MAYA
3.9.Phng thc hot ng ca cc cng c Render.

Cc cng c render ca Maya hot ng bng cch nhn tng th camera ca
cnh . Sau n ly mt vng chn hoc mt chp phn tch cho d c th
hay khng th render vng chn y. Nu c th, n s tng hp nhng thng tin
tm thy trong shading group( hnh hc , nh sng v shading network) vi thng
tin Render Globals, v ton b nhng phn render.
Khi nhng cng c render chuyn sang vng la chn tip theo, n li mt ln
na phn tch trng thi. Nu n tm ra mt mng m c nhiu thng tin hn n
s chia thnh nhng mng nh hn v render.
Khi ta dng raytracing, mi mng c render u tin bng A-buffer, sau
nhng cng c render tm kim nhng th cn thit cho raytracing. Nu n tm
c bt k chi tit g, sau n phn lp trong vng c raytraced. Sau
khi hon thnh, ta c mt nh cui cng , hoc nu bn render mt hot cnh,
bn s nhn c mt chui cc nh.
3.10.IPR
Maya cn bao gm mt Interactive Photorealistic Renderer cho bn mt phn
hi vi vic t ng render mi khi c s cp nht v vt liu, nh sng, trn mt
vng ca nh. iu ny khng lm mt thi gian render ton cnh nhng vn
cho ta bit kt xut trn mt phn ca nh c chn. IPR l mt cng c c
s dng rt thng xuyn khi kt xut.
fyzend@3dvn.com
Page 42
6/11/2008
42

Ly Thuyet MAYA

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ly Thuyet MAYA

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

http://www.ebook.edu.

Chng I : Tng quan v Maya .............................................................................. 4

Nghin cu c s l thuyt ca chng trnh

Chng I : Tng quan v Maya

2: Giao din ca MAYA.

2.1.H thng Menu tu bin

H thng Menu nm pha trn, cha nhng cng c, hnh ng to hay

nhng cng c lm hot cnh.

nhng cng c to, sa vt th 3D

nhng cng c quy nh vic gn vt Phm tt: F4

b cng c gip to ra nhng hiu ng Phm tt: F5

b cng c gip ng b, chnh sa Phm tt: F6

H thng menu tu bin ny s gip bn tp trung hn vo cng vic ang lm.

2.2.Thanh trng thi

Thanh trng thi nm di Menu v gm:

nhng cng c gip chn i tng v cc i tng con nh im, ng,

v nhng cng c dng snap (dnh) i tng.

2.4.B cng c QWERTY

Hin th manipulator (cn Phm tt: T.

2.5.Khng gian hin th

2.6.B cng c chn giao din nhanh

2.9.Nhm cng c iu khin hot cnh

Thanh trt Ranger: quy nh im bt u v kt thc ca hot cnh cng nh

Menu Character gip bn qun l v iu khin cc nhn vt

2.11.Dng thng tin tr gip

Chng II. Mt s tnh nng chnh

-Khng gian trong MAYA c nh hnh bi 3 trc to , XY v Z. X c coi

d nh, ta c XYZ => RGB

1.2 Khng gian UV

2: Xem khung cnh.

+Track (Di chuyn camera ln xung, tri phi)

Gi Alt + di chut gia

+Dolly (Di chuyn camera ra vo) Gi Alt + di chut phi

+Cn iu khin ca cng c Rotate (Xoay)

+Cn iu khin ca cng c Scale (T l)

Pivot Point : im neo

+Mc chi tit 2 Phm tt 2

+Mc chi tit 3 Phm tt 3

+Smooth (b mt trn) Phm tt 5 <== Hin th i tng vi b mt trn v

+Hardware Texturing(c vt liu) Phm tt 6 <== Hin th b mt trn v c vt

+Hardware Lighting(c ngun sng) Phm tt 7 <== Hin th nh sng, vt liu

5: i tng v thnh phn:

, chn theo Object (i tng)

v chn theo Component (thnh

. Phm tt F8 gip bn chuyn i nhanh gia Object <==> Component.

++Mt n chn Hierachy:

Mt n chn Hierachy cho php bn chn la nhng nt ti nhng mc khc

Mt n chn Object cho php bn chn la, lc tt c nhng i tng trong

Mt n chn Component cho php bn tc ng ln nhng b phn cu thnh

Curves: Nhng ng cong trong khung cnh.

Miscelaneous: Cc i tng khc.

6: Hp truy cp nhanh HOTBOX

Chng III. H thng dependency graph

2.2 To v thay i thuc tnh

Mt tnh nng na rt quan trng ca Maya iu lm cho Maya tr nn rt mm

Nhng nt khng ng 1 cch c lp .Mt hot cnh cho bit bn bt u to

3.3 Input va Output

3.4 Lin kt dng vng

Mt nt xng cng tng t . Khi xng gc quay th cc xng xung quanh

Chng IV - Dng hnh trong Maya

Cc thnh phn ca b mt NURB

*CV: Nhng im iu khin khng nm trn b mt NURB c s dng

gons) . Li polygon ny c th c to thnh t nhiu cch : qua vt the