Polaris Burmese Library

Polaris Burmese Library Collections Vol.
343
The Fight For Freedom in Burma
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Burma/Myanmar Affairs
Vol. 343
Democracy and Human Rights Without Borders

Polaris Burmese Library Collections Vol. 343

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WE WILL BRING DICTATORS TO JUSTICE







BURMA: BATTLE FOR DEMOCRACY




( )
EDITOR TAKHIN VACAKA ( RIT )
POLARIS BURMESE LIBRARY

2012
A5 SIZE
Index: Polaris Burmese Library, LPK Library, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, Bo Than
Shwe, Myanmar Current History, Myanmar Politics, Myanmar Junta, Myanmar
People, Myanmar Students, Insein Prison, Prison in Myanmar, Political Prisoner in
Myanmar, Torture in Myanmar, Myanmar Army, Myanmar Affairs, Burma Affairs,
Democracy and Human Rights in Burma, Burmese Refugees, Anti-Dictatorship,
Dictator Than Shwe, Anti-Dictator, Burma dictator Than Shwe, Myanmar dictator
Than Shwe, Democracy and Human Rights Without Borders, puppet
president Bo Thein Sein,
Public Enemies




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h cg ,ckxufxd jrefrmjynf ppftpd;k & tusO;f axmif awGxrJ mS ,H}k unfcsuaf =umifh
b0udpk eG f@vw
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axmifusae=uwJh Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;tay: pmemem;vnf+yD; wufEidk w
f aJh xmifw
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G &f if; 'Dpmtkyf udk a&;om;&jcif;jzpfygw,f?
,ck pmtkyw
f iG yf g0ifonfh tcsut
f vufrsm; tm;vH;k eJ@yufouf+yD; wm0ef,al =umif;ajym=um;vdyk gw,f? 'gt
h jyif
u|eaf wmfwdk@awG@ }uHKcHpm;cJh&wmudk a&;om; xm;jcif;jzpfI jynfph rHk nf[rk cH,yl g? tm;enf;csurf sm;&Srd nfqo
kd nfuv
dk nf;
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tm;rav#meh J@? qufomvky?f igwdk@tjrJtm;ay;aer,fqdo
k nfh toHrsm;onf tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif usaemf=um;cJ&h pOf
jrefrmjynf 'Dru
dk a&pDa&;twGuf tm;tifrsm; tppftrSejf zpfcaJh =umif; xyfraH jymcsiyf gao;w,f? Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;rsm; tjrJvkd
awmifw
h onfrmS olwdk@uadk xmufct
H m;ay;onfh vlx.
k oabmxm;/ vlx.
k toHrsm;yif jzpfygw,f//
rmwdum
ta=umif;t&m
pmrsuEf mS
aus;Zl;wifvm$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5)
q&mh&Jh Oa,smZOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7)
pma&;olajymcsiw
f pJh um; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (13)
tcef;(1)
(u) ausmif;om;xk nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15)
(c) tuo wdk@&Jh qdik ;f bkwjf zKwfyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16)
(*)wdr;f a&Smif+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17)
(C)rzrf;rcH&cif wpf&uftvdk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (19)
3
tcef;(2)
(u) oajyrSm tzrf;cH&+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(22)
(c) ppfa=uma&;udk jzwfoef;pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (24)
(*) eH&aH wGay:u auG;a=umfoaH wG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (29)
(C) tdro
f mxJu aomufa& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (32)
(i)a,mufzudk =uufOwdu
k jf cif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(34)
(p) tr_waGJ wGeJ@ twltcsKyfodk@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (39)
tcef;(3)
(u) tcsKyfaxmifrmS vlp+Hk yD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (42)
(c) pwD;0yfrmS &H;k xkww
f aJh e@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (44)
(*) 5(n)awGudk cd;k r_y'k rf wyfawmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (47)
(C) jcifaxmifawG/ arG@,mawG&wJah xmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(49)
(i)b0oHo&meJ@ 5(n)awGb0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(50)
(p) &ref,+l yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(52)
(q) ppfc&Hk ;Hk rSm wdik ;f jynfucdk spfwo
Jh al wG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(53)
tcef;(4)
(u) tyfxnftvkycf &H jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(55)
(c) us;D uef;rsKd ;awG&Jh awmif,mavbm tefwyk GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . .(57)
(*) ppfacG;wdu
k u
f i&Jcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (59)
(C) ppfacG;wdu
k rf mS ae@pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63)
(i)ppfacG;wdu
k u
f tjyef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (66)
ta=umif;t&m
pmrsuEf mS
tcef;(5)
(u) rpm;oifw
h Jh toD;pm;rdvdk@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68)
(c) axmifwiG ;f edp"P 0l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (69)
(*) tm;vH;k aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(72)
(C) td;k pm;ta=umif;/ +*dKvfta=umif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (73)
(i)+*dKvfzrf;enf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(75)
(p) +*dKvfjzpfatmifvyk jf cif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(77)
tcef;(6)
(u) axmifwiG ;f Adv
k v
f yk GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (80)
(c) oGm;emaevdk@ vlowfwm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (82)
(*) }udK;rdef@eJ@raoyJ aygujf ym;eJ@ ao&ol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(85)
tcef;(7)
(u) axmifaq;&Hq
k o
dk nfrmS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (90)
(c) vlowfq&m0ef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(93)
tcef;(8)
(u) tdwcf st
f idk Af aGD &m*g yd;k ysH@ESH@yHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(96)
(c) &efuek +f rdK@ &Jb
h ed ;f pcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(98)
tcef;(9)
(u) uGypf yd q
f &m r[mbkwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(101)
4
(c)axmiftwGi;f bk&m;wnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(103)

(*) a&'D,0dk ,fay;rdvdk@ axmifusvmwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(105)
(C) axmifwiG ;f aiGa=u; vJv,
S pf epf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (106)
(i)axmifpm&if;awGc;dk xkwaf wmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (108)
tcef;(10)
(u) axmifajymif;+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(115)
(c) o&ufaxmiftoGm; vrf;c&D;rSm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(122)
(*) [if;aumif;vdk@xrif;awmif;wm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(126)
(C) axmifw&m;pD&ifcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(129)
tcef;(11)
(u)axmif0ifpmwdu
k yf GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(131)
(c) axmif0ifpmyHpk w
H u
dk yf GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(137)
ta=umif;t&m
pmrsuEf mS
tcef;(12)
(u) o&ufaxmifwiG ;f oufaoxGuq
f cdk suf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(142)
(c) tnmc&D;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(155)
tcef;(13)
(u) axmifwiG ;f owif;pm/ twdt
k xGm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(167)
(c) udt
k u
dk u
f dk aoqH;k r_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(169)
tcef;(14)
(u) &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; acgi;f jzwfowfr_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(174)
(c) trsKd ;om;nDvmcHeJ@ wdu
k yf w
d 'f %f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(176)
tcef;(15)
wGzJ ufaxmifow
H idk =f um;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (184)
tcef;(16)
a'geawmifrmS aewJh awmifay:om;awG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(191)
tcef;(17)
ydu
d wfuzdk suw
f Jh uGupf w
k f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(201)
tcef;(18)
usaemfocd zJh ;l wJh olawGxu
J trSww
f &rdwaf qGrsm;
(u) OD;tke;f jrifh (ocifO;D tkef;jrif/h wd;k wufa&; ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(213)
(c) OD;pdev
f (S Adv
k pf ed o
f rH %d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(215)
(*) q&mawmfO;D a&0w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (216)
(C) &Jausmpf mG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(224)
tcef;(19)
(u) o&ufaxmifu vGww
f Jhae@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(226)
(c) xGuaf wmfrl eef;ucGm+yD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(227)
rSww
f rf;"mwfyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (230)
o&uftusO;f axmifyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(231)
o&uftusO;f axmifwiG f a&qGaJ vbm yef;csyD Hk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(232)
5
o&uftusO;f axmif. taqmifyef;csyD Hk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(233)

wdu
k yf pHk rH sm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(234)s
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6
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21
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23
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24
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25
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36
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ae&may;wwf=uygw,f? 'gayr,fh e0wacwfrmS awmh yk'rf (302) vlowfru
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yk'rf orm;awG tcsi;f csi;f axmifwiG ;f ae&mvkwJh (Adv
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37
vlowfre_ J@ axmifusvmwm ESp&f n

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k f vkyaGJ wG jyKvkyv
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axmifxrJ mS Adv
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tusO;f om;tcsi;f csif; jy\emr&Sd jy\em&Sm+yD; vlowf&wmyJ jzpfygw,f?
a,musmF ;&ifrh m}uD;awG jzpf&ufeJ@ "g;"g;csi;f / vSv
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ntcsed f vlawG tdypf ufae+yDq&dk if wzufom;u bmrS }udKwifrumuG,Ef idk yf J jzpfaecsed rf mS raorcsi;f xd;k owfygw,f? raor&Sif
jzpfatmifawmh b,fawmhrS rowfygb;l ? tu,fvdk@ towfc&H wJo
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dk f =uygao;w,f? ud,
k w
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f s+yD;
noef;acgif olrsm;awGeJ@ twl atmf=uwmyJ jzpfygw,f? aysmpf &m awmfawmfaumif;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@twGuf aysmpf &maumif;ayr,fh a[;qd+k yD; patmfwJh um,uH&iS cf rsmawmh axmif0efxrf;eJ@ bm,mawGu o&Jp;D wm
'Daumifupwm qd+k yD;0dik ;f &dkuf =uygawmhw,f? o&Jawmh ajymrwwfygb;l ? um,uH&iS u
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t&du
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k u
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reufyidk ;f }uD; om;om;u ol@omG ; rcHr&yfEidk f udu
k af ewma=umifh axmifq&m0efudk tac:cdik f;ygw,f? wm0efus0efxrf;u
rif;aq;a=umif+yD; jy\em&SmraeeJ@ vdk@ajym+yD; vspv
f #L&_ xm;vdu
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38
emusiaf evdk@ axmifq&m0efuadk c:ay;/ rac:ay;&if jy\em&Smr,f qd+k yD; jyefajymygw,f? tJ'aD wmhrS 0efxrf;u q&m0ef
rtm;ao;vdk@ rvmEdik af =umif; jyefajymvdu
k yf gw,f?
tJ'rD mS om;om;u ol@wu
dk cf ef;wcg;udk zGiafh y;zdk@ awmif;qdyk gawmhw,f? txufu n$e=f um;xm; aoma=umifh zGirhf ay;Edik b
f ;l vdk@
0efxrf;u jyefajymvdu
k af wmh om;om;u a'goxGu+f yD; 'gq&dk ifaxmifyidk u
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53
usaemfwdk@udk bma=umifh ta&;r,lwmvJqw

dk Jh tajzu aemufrS odvm&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tm;vH;k udk 1991 ckEpS Ef 0dk ifbmv
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54
(9)OD;rJarmif
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pvif;+rdK@/ rauG;wdik ;f
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(17)udak usmrf if;Edki(f c)udek D
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f idk ;f )/ Adv
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55
(37)ud&k v
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f rm;or*~/ v_id o
f m,m+rdK@e,f/ &efuek f
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(42)udv
k rS sKd ;aemif(c) rSe}f uD;
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f uUov
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f idk ;f
(44) udak usm0f
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(46)udak usmaf usmo

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( 20 )ESpf
bdu
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(48) udo
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f idk ;f )/ ykZeG af wmif+rdK@e,f/
(50) ud&k aJ rmfx;l
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(52) udjk rifph ;dk (c)udak *smef D
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f idk ;f
(54)ud0k if;a&$
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f m;aumvdy/f wmarG+rdK@e,f
(55) udo
k mjrwfausmf
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dk (f 1)
(56) udak t;vGif
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dk /f arSmb
f +D rdK@e,f
(57) udak Zmf0if;xGf
( 20 )ESpf
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(58)udak Zmf0if;xGe;f
( 3 )ESpf
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(59) udo
k ed ;f xGe;f OD;
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(60) OD;aomif;xGe;f
( 7 )ESpf
yJc;l +rdK@
(61)udrk sKd ;jrifh
( 5 )ESpf
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f uUov
dk /f omauw+rdK@e,f
56
(62) udak tmifausmrf ;dk (c)udb

k adk wmuf
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dk &ufwpfygw/D anmifav;yif+rdK@e,f/ yJc;l wdik ;f
(63) udpk ;dk Edik f
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(65)udEk idk 0f if;
tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
(66) udak ZmfaZmfvi_d f
vl@abmifopf 'Dru
dk &ufwpfygw/D omauw+rdK@e,f
(67) udrk sKd ;wifah tmif
aemufq;Hk ESp/f pD;yGm;a&;wuUov
dk f
(68) udak usmaf xG;
ta0;ajy;Xme/ qufo,
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k Ef iS afh =u;eef;0ef}uD;Xme/ r*Fvmawmif!eG f@+rdK@e,f
(69) udpk nfo0l if;
omauw+rdK@e,f
(70) udpk ;dk jrif(h c) aygirf ek f@
'v+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
(71) udv
k iG Of ;D
c&rf;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
(72) ud=k unf0if;
c&rf;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 73 ) udck ifaZmf
a0bm*D/ ajrmufOuUvmy +rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 74 ) udek w
D w
G af usmf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
( 75 ) udo
k *d a tmif
txufwef;ausmif;om;
( 76 ) udu
k jH rifh
tvH+k rdK@e,f/
( 77 ) udrk sKd ;atmif=unf ( c ) rsKd ;rsKd ;
( 78 ) udx
k eG ;f jrifah tmif
'kw,
d ESp/f *k%x
f ;l wef; ( yx0D )/ &efuek w
f uUov
dk /f ewfpifvrf;/ =unfjh rifwidk +f rdK@e,f
( 79 ) udek u
D Odk ;D
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ wmarG+rdK@e,f
( 80 ) udck ifarmifxeG ;f ( c ) udu
k |/d 5 ( C )
'kw,
d ESp/f &efuek w
f uUov
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( 81) udrk sKd ;atmif
'kw,
d ESp/f ta0;oifwuUov
dk f
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tvkyo
f rm;or*~
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usL&Siq
f &m/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 84 ) udak pmausm+f idr;f
tvH+k rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 85 ) udak omif;aiG
57
( 3 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf
( 5 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf
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( 5 )ESpf
( 11 )ESpf
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( 4 )ESpf
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txufwef;ausmif;om;/ r*Fvm'H+k rdK@e,f

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enf;jy/ '\eduaA'/ &efuek w
f uUov
dk /f rGejf ynfe,f
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dk x
dk eG ;f ( bdb
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( 95 ) udck sKd av; ( Edik if aH wmfyek u
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( 98 ) OD;ref;!Gef@ ( Edik if aH wmf ykeu
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( 99 ) qmxl;apm ( Edik if aH wmfyek u
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58
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f sirfh y_ jJ zpfjzpf 'dk@eJ@rqdik b
f ;l ? aevdk@&w,f? r[kww
f mawG vmrajymeJ@
tckvadk jymwm/ jzpfcw
Jh mawG[m vdrw
f mr[kwyf gb;l / trSeaf wGyg? tjcm;tcef;u tusO;f om; awGvnf; odygw,f
awmfyg/ rif;wdk@tcsi;f csi;f 'Dvadk jymr,fq+dk yD; !Sx
d m;=urSmayg/h 'dk@vmwm odaerSmyJ r[kwv
f m;
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h dk ppfaq;aewke;f tcef;xJudk o&ufaxmifyidk f OD;aomif;!Gef@ t&yf0wft&yfpm;eJ@ 0ifvmygw,f? +yD;awmh
ol@&;Hk cef;xJu rD;cHaowWmudk zGi+fh yD; [d[
k m&Sm/ 'D[m&Smvkyaf eygw,f? wpfcsuf wpfcsuf usaemfu
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dk nf; rsuaf pmif;xd;k +yD;
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dk yf gao;w,f? tJ't
D csed rf mS OD;jrifo
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[if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm/ 'D[if;udk zsu+f yD;csuv
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f ajymwmyg
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dk m axmifyidk }f uD;vm;/ axmifyidk af v;vm;? ud,
k f@axmifu axmifyidk ef mrnfuadk wmif rodb;l vm;
axmifyidk f Adv
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h dk =unf+h yD; wpfcsuf +yHK;vdu
k yf gw,f?
ol@t+yHK;uat;puf+yD; aumufusp,
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usaemfh ausmxJ pdru
fh eJat;oGm;ygw,f?
rif;wdk@axmifxrJ mS xrif;awGtydak wmif;/ +yD;&iftjcm;tusO;fom;awGudk aq;vdyef J@ vJv,
S f w,fqdk
71
r[kwyf gb;l / b,forl S xrif;tydrk &ygb;l ? xrif;pm;&wmr0vdk@ axmif0ifpmuaewqifh tdraf wG udrk ek f@qef;rSm+yD;
pm;&wmawG&ySd gw,f? axmifxrJ mS 0efxrf;awGom xrif;udk tdraf wGu,
dk o
l mG ;wm &Syd gw,f
a[haumif/ rif;jrifvdk@vm;/ rjrifyeJ J@ xifa=u;awGeJ@ 0efxrf;awGudk vmrajymeJ@/ ud,
k fh ta=umif;udak jym/ rif;udkar;wJh
ta=umif;yJajz/ ud,
k ef J@rqdik fwu
Jh pd u
P dk rajymeJ@/ =um;vm;
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f Jh
rif;wdk@ xrif;awGtydak wmif;+yD; rukev
f dk@ yef;uefaq;bkwrf mS xrif;useaf wGoeG yf pfxm;wJh td;k awG jynfah ewmyJq/dk
'grsKd ;vkyzf dk@ raumif;bl;? axmifxrJ mS tJ'v
D dk v$ijfh ypfawmh tvum;oufoufrJh Edik if aH wmfyu
dk q
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rif;wdk@twGuf wpfu,
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h #+H yD; trsm;}uD;jzpf aew,fqw
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f dk@ xrif;udk v$iyfh pf&wmyg?
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f yk &f wmyg? aemuf v$iyfh pfxm;wJh xrif;useaf wGuv
kd nf;
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f m;? igwdk@&aSd ewJh ypPKy`eu
f ydk J ajymyg? igwdk@awG rif;wdk@ axmifyidk ef J@
axmifrLS ;awGuadk &m tckvx
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xrif;00vifvif pm;&ygw,fvdk@ vdrv
f nf+yD; rxGuq
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dk Jh pum;vH;k eJ@ jyefomG ;rSmyg? axmifxrJ mS usecf rJh mS u usaemfwdk@
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k m rodao;ygb;l ? 'gah =umifh ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u
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f Edk ikd yf gb;l
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f u
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h wkid ;f vufEySd pf uf &dkuzf dk@
jynfaxmifrLS ;udk OD;jrifo
h ed ;f u trdef@ay;vdu
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rif;axmifrmS xrif;00vifvif pm;&ovm;
rpm;&ygb;l
axmifyidk u
f adk &m wifjyta=umif;=um;zl;vm;
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axmifxrJ mS rif;a&qGzJ ;l ovm;
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f m ,m;aeygw,f?
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wpf&ufudk b,favmufq&GJ ovJ
wpf&ufudk a&yH;k ( 900 ) avmufq&GJ ygw,f
b,ft&G,t
f pm; avmufyHk;rsKd ;vJ/ w*gvyH ;kH t&G,v
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f m;wJh oHxnfjzpfygw,f? yH;k &Jh tom;wif tav;csed w
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J ifEidk rf mS yg?
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72
a[h...[kw&f J@vm;uGm/ =unfv

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dk mvdrrf aeeJ@/ rif;av#muf+yD; yg;pyfxJ awG@u&m awG rajymeJ@? rif;udk
tJ'aD vmufrcdik f;ygb;l
OD;jrifo
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f pf&u
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a[haumif/ rif;oli,fcsi;f awG 0if;Ekid fO;D wdk@/ aZmf0if;xf/ vS0if;wdk@ rif;odw,fr[kwv
f m;
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at;/ olwdk@ajymawmh rif;vdrk [kwb
f ;l / rif;ajymwJh a&yH;k ta&twGuef J@ wjcm;pDy?J rif;igwdk@udk vmvdrrf aeeJ@? a&yH;k
( 900 )qdw
k m b,fvedk nf;eJ@rS rjzpfEidk b
f ;l ? [dak umifawGajymawmh ( 400 ) vm;/ ( 500 )vm;/ 'Davmufy?J rif;usryS q
dk ;dk aew,f?
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f /J rif;ud,
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dk m olwdk@aoaocsmcsm
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a&wpfqidk ;f udk a&yH;k b,favmuf qG&J vJ
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jyefygw,f? o&ufaxmifu tm%mydik af wGuawmh usaemfu
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trSwrf mS ;wmaum rjzpfEidk b
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tjcm;&mZ0wfra_ wGaum ygao;vm;
a&qGaJ vbmudk usaemfwdk@5(n)awGcsn;f yJ taqmifwidk f;rSm qG&J wmyg? &mZ0wfr_ tusO;f om; awGu jypf'%fusro
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73
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f ;l ? tJ'aD wmh a&yH;k (400) wpfae@q&GJ ygw,fvdk@ rif;uxGuq
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f Edk idk yf gb;l
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f eG ;f aewm r[kwyf gb;l ? rif;wdk@vnf; repfem&atmif/ igwdk@vnf;
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h cgrmS jzpfEidk af cs&aSd tmif &kyyf sufqif;ysuf rjzpfatmif wpfa,mufeJ@wpfa,muf =unfzh dk@ajymwmyg?
rif;tckxu
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dk Jh xGuq
f cdk surf mS a&yH;k (500)yJq&GJ w,fvdk@ 'dk@uv
dk ufrw
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k u
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rif;ajymwJh yH;k (900)udt
k aotcsm rSw+f yD; vl}uD;awGeJ@ awG@wt
Jh cgrmS wifjyay;r,f/ b,fvv
dk J
usaemftaeeJ@ wpfcrk S rvdkuaf vsmEdik yf gb;l ? usaemfwu,fq&GJ wJh a&yH;k (900)udk pm&Guaf y:rSm &du
k Ef ySd rf S usaemhv
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104
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110

Polaris Burmese Library - Singapore - Collection - Volume 343

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Polaris Burmese Library Collections Vol.

Democracy and Human Rights Without Borders